1- A __________ is a raised, flat-surfaced area bound on one or more sides by cliffs or steep slopes. A: hill B: plain C: plateau D: river ________________________________________________________________ 2- A __________ is the boundary between the land and an ocean or a lake. A: coastline B: dune C: glacier D: hill ________________________________________________________________ 3- A __________ is an area of land that rises very high above the land around it. A: lake B: mountain C: plain D: river

The correct answer is option 3 and 5.

Compounds are made up of a mixture of 2 or more elements such as H₂O or NaCl.

Compounds have physical properties that are constant and hence allow us to identify them. Different physical properties include color, solubility, mass, odor, density, boiling point, melting point etc

Answer:

The correct answers are, "Maintain Original Physical Properties", "Mixture of 2 or More Elements", and "Physical Change"

Explanation:

First get the sum of the mass of each substance.

total mass = 3.50 g + 4.80 g + 7.20 g

total mass = 15.50 g

The percentage mass would be:

% mass = (7.20 g / 15.50 g) * 100%

% mass = 46.45%

The complete dissolution of 0.025 M [tex]\rm K_2CO_3[/tex] will result in 0.050 M [tex]\rm K^+[/tex].

The complete dissolution of [tex]\rm K_2CO_3[/tex] will result in:

[tex]\rm K_2CO_3\;\rightarrow\;2\;K^+\;+\;CO_3^2^-[/tex]

1 molecule of [tex]\rm K_2CO_3[/tex] will gives 2 molecules of [tex]\rm K^+[/tex].

So 0.025 M [tex]\rm K_2CO_3[/tex] will give: 1 M

0.025 M [tex]\rm K_2CO_3[/tex] = [tex]\rm 0.025\;\times\;2\;K^+[/tex] M

= 0.05 M [tex]\rm K^+[/tex].

Thus the complete dissolution of 0.025 M [tex]\rm K_2CO_3[/tex] will result in 0.050 M [tex]\rm K^+[/tex]

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Final answer:

To find the mass of a bronze cylinder, calculate its volume using its dimensions, then compute the weighted average density based on the proportions of copper and tin, and finally multiply the volume by this average density. Convert to scientific notation as the last step.

Explanation:

To calculate the mass of the bronze cylinder, we must first determine its volume using the formula for the volume of a cylinder, V = πr^2h, where π is Pi, r is the radius, and h is the height or length of the cylinder. Then, we can use the composition percentages of copper (Cu) and tin (Sn) along with their densities to calculate the mass.

First, we must assume that the alloy is uniformly mixed such that the ratio of the densities corresponds exactly to the percentage composition provided. Now, let's calculate the volume:

Radius (r) = 3.77 cm

Length (h) = 35.38 cm

Volume (V) = π * (3.77 cm)^2 * 35.38 cm

Next, we calculate the contribution of each metal's mass to the total mass of the cylinder:

Density of Cu = 8.94 g/cm^3

Density of Sn = 7.31 g/cm^3

Percentage of Cu = 79.42%

Percentage of Sn = 20.58%

To find the total mass (m), we multiply the volume (V) by the weighted average density (ρ_avg), which factors in the percentages of Cu and Sn:

ρ_avg = (0.7942 * 8.94 g/cm^3) + (0.2058 * 7.31 g/cm^3)

Mass (m) = Volume (V) * ρ_avg

Lastly, the mass can be converted to scientific notation as required.

Answer : The mass of human blood in grams and ounce are 5830 grams and 205.647 ounce.

Explanation :

Density : It is defined as the mass contained per unit volume.

Formula used for density :

[tex]Density=\frac{Mass}{Volume}[/tex]

Given :

Density of human blood = 1.06 g/mL

Volume of human blood = 5.5 L = 5500 mL

conversion used : 1 L = 1000 mL

Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get the mass of human blood.

[tex]1.06g/mL=\frac{Mass}{5500mL}[/tex]

[tex]Mass=5830g[/tex]

The mass of human blood in grams = 5830 grams

Conversion used :

[tex]1\text{ ounce}=28.3495g\\\\1g=\frac{1}{28.3495}\text{ ounce}[/tex]

As, [tex]1g=\frac{1}{28.3495}\text{ ounce}[/tex]

So, [tex]5830g=\frac{5830g}{1g}\times \frac{1}{28.3495}\text{ ounce}=205.647\text{ ounce}[/tex]

Therefore, the mass of human blood in grams and ounce are 5830 grams and 205.647 ounce.

Answer: It follows the law of original lateral continuity.

Explanation: Sediment is something that settle down in the liquid.

Law of Original Horizontality: This law states that the rocks and sediments are deposited horizontally.

Law of Superposition: This law states that the younger rocks are deposited or super imposed on the oldest rocks.

Law of Original Lateral Continuity: This law states that the sediment layers extent laterally or horizontally in all the direction as the younger rocks are added to the older rock which means that they are laterally continuous.

Law o Gravity and oppositional force: This law states that each particle attracts every other particle in the universe and is directly proportional to the product of the masses of two particles and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Law of cross-cutting relationship: This law states that fault which is cutting the rock is always younger than the rock.

From the above explained Law's, it is clear that the sediment follows Law of original lateral continuity.

Final answer:

The student observed a chemical reaction characterized by a color change and the formation of a new substance, indicating an energy transfer. Such changes signify that the original red powder has chemically altered into a new material.

Explanation:

Based on the description of the red powder that darkens before changing into a shiny silvery liquid upon heating, the student can conclude that a chemical reaction has occurred. This conclusion is supported by several indications that a chemical change has taken place. Color change and the formation of a new substance (silver liquid from a red powder) provide evidence that original substances have been transformed into different materials with distinct properties.

Furthermore, such changes are also indicative of the possibility that energy transfer has occurred, evidenced by the exothermic reaction that produces heat. This would be consistent with the visual clues that suggest a chemical reaction is likely taking place according to provided reference summaries.

The Mg element is the reducing agent and the Fe element is the oxidizing agent

The oxidation-reduction reaction or abbreviated as Redox is a chemical reaction in which there is a change in oxidation number

3 basic theories explain this Redox concept:

The oxidation reaction is the binding of a substance with oxygen. (O₂)

For example:

2SO₂ + O₂ ----> 2SO₃

The reduction reaction is the release of oxygen from a substance.

For example:

2CuO → 2Cu + O₂

Oxidation is an electron release event

Example:

2F ---> 2Fe³⁺ + 6e⁻

The reduction is an electron capture event

Example:

3O₂ + 6e⁻ ---> 3O²⁻

Oxidation is an increase/increase in oxidation number, while reduction is a decrease in oxidation number.

In the redox reaction, it is also known

Reducing agents are substances that experience oxidation

The oxidizing agent is a substance that is reduced

The formula for determining Oxidation Numbers in general:

1. Single element atomic oxidation number = 0. Examples of Ar, Mg, Cu, Fe, N₂, O₂, etc. = 0

Group IA (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr): +1

Group IIA (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba): +2

H in compound = +1, except metal hydride compounds (Hydrogen which binds to IA or IIA groups) oxidation number H= -1, for example, LiH, MgH₂, etc.

2. Oxidation number O in compound = -2, except OF2 = + 2 and in peroxide (Na₂O₂, BaO₂) = -1 and superoxide, for example KO₂ = -1/2.

3 The oxidation number in an uncharged compound = 0,

Total oxidation number in ion = ion charge, Example NO₃⁻ = -1

Redox reactions are reactions that are accompanied by changes in oxidation numbers, so what must be examined is whether there are elements that experience changes in oxidation numbers in the reaction

Let's look at the reaction

Mg(s)+Fe²⁺(aq)→Mg²⁺(aq)+Fe(s)

Let see the change in the oxidation number of each element

Mg on the left = 0 (single element)

Fe²⁺ on the left = +2 ( ion charge)

Mg on the right = +2 ( ion charge)

Fe on the right = 0 (single element)

Means that the element Mg has increased oxidation number from 0 to +2 so that it experiences an oxidation reaction and acts as a reducing agent

While Fe has decreased the oxidation number from +2 to 0, so it has a reduction reaction and acts as an oxidizer

an oxidation-reduction reaction

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a reducing agent

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element is reduced

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Keywords: oxidation-reduction, an oxidizing agent, a reducing agent

The average net charge on methionine at a pH of 8.00 will be slightly positive, as the pH is below the pKa of the α-amino group (9.21), leading to a higher proportion of protonated amino groups compared to deprotonated carboxyl groups.

To calculate the average net charge on methionine at a pH of 8.00, we consider the ionization states of its functional groups based on their pKa values. The pKa of the α-carboxyl group is 2.28, which is significantly lower than the pH of the solution, implying that this group is in its deprotonated (negatively charged) state, -COO-. The pKa of the α-amino group is 9.21, which is higher than the pH, meaning this group is in its protonated (positively charged) form, -NH3+. For a pH between the pKa values of the two ionizable groups, the molecule carries both charges.

Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, we determine the fraction of methionine molecules with a protonated amino group:
-Protonated amino group (positive charge):
pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])
Rearranging for [HA]/[A-], we get [HA]/[A-] = 10(pH - pKa)
[HA]/[A-] = 10(8.00 - 9.21) = 10(-1.21) = approximately 0.061.

The fraction of deprotonated carboxyl groups (-COO-) is essentially 1, since the pH is well above its pKa. Thus, nearly all methionine molecules will have one negative charge. Considering the ratio for the protonated amino group, there would be more neutral (-NH3) than positively charged (-NH2) amino groups, leading to an overall net charge that is slightly positive.

Therefore, the average net charge on methionine in a solution of pH 8.00 will be slightly positive, since the amount of protonated amino groups will outweigh the deprotonated carboxyl groups, but not by as significant an amount as if the pH were equal to the isoelectric point.

Answer: 175.10 g

Explanation:

Total weight of the package = 1.33 lbs

[tex]1 lbs=454 g[/tex]

So, 1.33 lbs =[tex]1.33\times 454=603.82g[/tex]

Amount of fat in the given weight = 29%

Hence fat in grams in package =[tex]\frac{29}{100}\times 603.82=175.10 g[/tex]

To solve this problem, we must be given first the density of air at 20 degrees Celsius. Looking up online, this is equal to:

density air (20C) = 0.0012041 g/mL

so that the volume is:

volume balloon = 0.57 g / (0.0012041 g/mL)

volume balloon = 473.38 mL

Answer:

the arrangement and types of atoms

Explanation:

Final answer:

To calculate the amount of AlBr3 produced from 3.0 g of Al and 6.0 g of Br2, first, the limiting reactant is determined, which is Al. The theoretical yield of AlBr3 is 29.61 g, with no bromine remaining and some aluminum unreacted. For a 72% yield, 21.3192 g of AlBr3 would be collected.

Explanation:

To calculate the theoretical yield of AlBr3 produced from 3.0 g of aluminum (Al) and 6.0 g of bromine (Br2), first, we need to determine the limiting reactant. The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:

2 Al + 3 Br2 → 2 AlBr3

Using molar masses (Al = 26.98 g/mol, Br2 = 159.808 g/mol), we calculate the moles of each reactant:

Al: 3.0 g / 26.98 g/mol = 0.111 moles

Br2: 6.0 g / 159.808 g/mol = 0.0375 moles

Based on the stoichiometry of the equation, 2 moles of Al react with 3 moles of Br2, making aluminum the limiting reactant.

The theoretical yield of AlBr3 can be calculated using the molar ratio from the balanced equation, from which 0.111 moles of Al would produce 0.111 moles of AlBr3. The molar mass of AlBr3 (266.693 g/mol) gives us a mass of 29.61 g.

No bromine would remain as all of it reacts, but some aluminum will remain unreacted.

For a 72% yield, the actual yield of AlBr3 = theoretical yield × percentage yield = 29.61 g × 0.72 = 21.3192 g.

A three-step extraction procedure is more effective than a one-stage extraction. a) 21.11 g is the total malononitrile extracted. b) 18.07 g is the total malononitrile extracted.

In chemistry, the term "extraction" refers to the procedure of removing one or more components from a mixture based on the differences in their physical or chemical properties. This method is frequently employed to separate desired components from intricate combinations. Transferring the target substance from one phase (often a liquid phase) into another phase, where it can be more easily purified or analysed, is the aim of extraction.

Kd for malononitrile in ether/water = 20/13.3

                                                            = 1.5

(a) 1.5 = [(x/100)/(30 - x)/300]

0.15 - 0.005x = 0.01x

x = 10 g

amount left in water = 30 - 10

                                 = 20 g

1.5 = [(x/100)/(20 - x)/300]

0.1 - 0.005x = 0.01x

x = 6.67 g

amount left in water = 20 - 6.67

                                = 13.33 g

1.5 = [(x/100)/(13.33 - x)/300]

0.067 - 0.005x = 0.01x

x = 4.44 g

amount left in water = 13.33 - 4.44

                                 = 8.89 g

Total malononitrile extracted = 21.11 g

(b) 1.5 = [(x/300)/(30 - x)/300]

0.15 - 0.005x = 0.0033x

x = 18.07 g

amount of malononitrile extracted = 18.07 g

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Final answer:

To recover malononitrile by ether extraction, multiple smaller extractions are generally more efficient due to the solubility dynamics and distribution ratio between ether and water. This efficiency is owing to the partition coefficient (K) that favors the transfer of malononitrile into the ether phase, allowing for better separation and recovery.

Explanation:

To calculate malononitrile recovery by extraction with ether, we utilize its distribution ratio (K) derived from solubility data in ether and water. The solubility of malononitrile in ether at room temperature is 20.0 g/100 ml, and in water, it's 13.3 g/100 ml, giving K = 20/13.3.

Part A: Three 100-mL Portions of Ether

For each 100-mL extraction, we calculate the weight of malononitrile extracted into the ether, x, using an iterative process:

Mathematically, this considers solute partitioning for each step and re-calculates the residual amount in water.

Part B: One 300-mL Portion of Ether

The extraction with one 300-mL portion uses the total volume of ether to extract the malononitrile at once. This method may not be as efficient as multiple extractions due to the diminishing marginal returns on mass transferred per unit of solvent as the solvent becomes saturated.

Ultimately, the mass of malononitrile recovered is influenced by the distribution ratio, the volume of ether, and the strategy of extraction, showing that multiple smaller extractions are generally more efficient than a single, large-volume extraction.

Option A= mass/volume

Density is a measurement that compares the amount of matter an object has to its volume. An object with much matter in a certain volume has high density. An object with little matter in the same amount of volume has a low density. Density is found by dividing the mass of an object by its volume.

The symbol most often used for density is ρ.

The formula for density is d = M/V, where d is density, M is mass, and V is volume.  

Answer: The precipitate is [tex]Ba_3(PO_4)_2[/tex] and 1 molecule of Barium phosphate and 6 molecules of Potassium nitrate is formed.

Explanation: We are given Barium nitrate and Potassium phosphate , that will lead to the formation of Barium phosphate and Potassium nitrate.

As we know that these solutions are present in water, therefore we will obtain Barium phosphate as a precipitate because Barium phosphate is insoluble in water and Potassium nitrate is soluble in water. Thus the reaction is

[tex]Ba(NO_3)_2(aq.)+K_3PO_4(aq.)\rightarrow Ba_3(PO_4)_2(ppt.)+KNO_3(aq.)[/tex]

To know how many molecules are formed at the end, we need to balance the above equation.

Balancing the equation, we get:

[tex]3Ba(NO_3)_2(aq.)+2K_3PO_4(aq.)\rightarrow Ba_3(PO_4)_2(ppt.)+6KNO_3(aq.)[/tex]

Thus, we get 1 molecule of Barium phosphate as a precipitate and 6 molecules of Potassium nitrate which is easily soluble in water.

Answer:

The barium phosphate is precipitate and 1 molecule is formed.

According to the reaction mentioned,

[tex]\rm \bold { 3BaNO_3_(_a_q_)+ 2K_3PO_4_(_a_q_) \rightarrow Ba_3(PO_4)_2_(_p_p_t_)+ 6 KNO_3_(_a_q_)}[/tex]

We can conclude that, the barium phosphate is precipitate and 1 molecule is formed.

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Answer:

D

Explanation:

The term falsifiable refers to the possibility that a theory or hypothesis can be proven wrong. Each theory has the capacity to be proven wrong through experimentation, however option D has no way of being proven wrong (even though it cannot be proven right), because this theory is about what happened before humans could keep records. So there is no way it can be proven wrong, and hence it is not a falsifiable hypothesis.

A rain puddle drying up is a physical change, known as evaporation, which occurs when liquid water turns into vapor due to higher temperatures and varying humidity levels.

When a rain puddle dries up, this is an example of a physical change, specifically, the process of evaporation. In this process, water transforms from a liquid state to a gaseous state; this occurs when the temperature is warm, which facilitates the movement of water molecules faster, allowing them to escape into the air. The amount of water vapor the air can hold increases with higher temperatures, and the evaporation rate is also influenced by how saturated the air is with moisture. On the other hand, sublimation is a physical change where ice turns directly into vapor without going through the liquid stage, which can occur during cold, dry conditions. Similarly, transpiration involves the physical change of water moving through a plant and evaporating into the atmosphere, and condensation is the process where water vapor turns back into liquid, such as when moisture forms on the outside of a cold water bottle.

Answer: Epipelagic zone

Explanation:

The epipelagic zone is the zone which exists over the surface of water. It is also called as the sunlight zone as it receives the maximum and direct sunlight from the sun. It is also called as photosynthetic zone as the sunlight is utilized by the plants and small phytoplanktons to conduct photosynthesis. This zone exhibit lowest water pressure as it lies in the superficial layers of the water body.

A hummingbird weighing 10^-2 kg contains approximately one trillion cells, assuming the average cell is ten times the mass of a bacterium. For a human weighing 70 kg with the same assumption, it would contain around 7 quadrillion cells.

To calculate the number of cells in a hummingbird assuming it weighs 10-2 kg and considering the mass of an average cell is ten times the mass of a bacterium, we first need to establish the average mass of a bacterium. From the reference information given, we understand that the mass of a bacterium is on the order of 10-15 kg. Therefore, the average cell mass would be 10 times this, which is 10-14 kg.

Next, we divide the total mass of the hummingbird by the mass of one of its cells to determine the number of cells:

Number of cells = Mass of hummingbird / Mass of one cell
Number of cells = 10-2 kg / 10-14 kg
Number of cells = 1012

Therefore, a hummingbird that weighs 10-2 kg contains approximately one trillion (1012) cells.

To address part (b) of the question, assuming a human weighs about 70 kg and also assuming the mass of a human cell is ten times the mass of a bacterium (10-14 kg), we can perform a similar calculation:

Number of cells in a human = Mass of human / Mass of one cell
Number of cells in a human = 70 kg / 10-14 kg
Number of cells in a human = 7 x 1015

This suggests that a human has around 7 quadrillion (7 x 1015) cells.