___ 1. why is there no blue color with iodine when amylose reacts with saliva?

a. amylase in saliva causes the amylose chain to uncoil so iodine is not trapped.

b. amylase in saliva reacts with iodine causing it to be unable to complex with the amylose coil.

c. amylase in saliva causes the amylose chain to break into short chains and then into glucose which does not coil and so does not trap iodine.

d. amylase in saliva will replace the i2 in the amylose coil and so remove the color.

Aneuploidy and polyploidy are caused by errors during meiosis or mitosis. Aneuploidy occurs due to chromosome nondisjunction, resulting in an unequal number of chromosomes in the daughter cells. Polyploidy happens when there are more than the normal sets of chromosomes in a cell or organism, due to either chromosome duplication or a combination of different species.

The principal mechanisms by which aneuploidy and polyploidy are caused involve errors during meiosis or mitosis. Aneuploidy is primarily caused by chromosome nondisjunction during these processes, an error in which the chromosomes do not separate properly, resulting in an imbalance in the number of chromosomes in the daughter cells.

Polyploidy, on the other hand, occurs when there are more than the normal sets of chromosomes in a cell or organism. This can result from the duplication of euploid chromosome sets from a single species (autopolyploidy), or the combining of chromosome sets from different species. Polyploidy is more common in the plant kingdom, where polyploid plants tend to be larger and more robust than euploids of their species. In contrast, polyploid animals are extremely rare and are usually sterile as meiosis cannot proceed normally, leading to aneuploid daughter cells.

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Groundwater is water that exists in the pore spaces and fractures in rock and sediment beneath the Earth's surface. It originates as rainfall or snow, and then moves through the soil into the groundwater system, where it eventually makes its way back to surface streams, lakes, or oceans.

Groundwater makes up about 1% of the water on Earth (most water is in oceans).

But, groundwater makes up about 35 times the amount of water in lakes and streams.

Groundwater occurs everywhere beneath the Earth's surface, but is usually restricted to depths less that about 750 meters.

The volume of groundwater is a equivalent to a 55 meter thick layer spread out over the entire surface of the Earth.

It is an important resource for potable water, irrigation, and industry.

Groundwater is water that exists in the pore spaces and fractures in rock and sediment beneath the Earth's surface. It originates as rainfall or snow, and then moves through the soil into the groundwater system, where it eventually makes its way back to surface streams, lakes, or oceans.

Groundwater makes up about 1% of the water on Earth (most water is in oceans).

But, groundwater makes up about 35 times the amount of water in lakes and streams.

Groundwater occurs everywhere beneath the Earth's surface, but is usually restricted to depths less that about 750 meters.

The volume of groundwater is a equivalent to a 55 meter thick layer spread out over the entire surface of the Earth.

It is an important resource for potable water, irrigation, and industry.

Because it is largely hidden from view, it is often forgotten and subject to contamination by careless humans.

Groundwater is a primary agent of chemical weathering and is responsible for the formation of caves and sinkholes.

It is it B because a mucosa         B.B.    

Mucosa layer of the alimentary canal is constructed from either stratified squamous or simple columnar epithelium.

A muscular tube that runs from the mouth to the anus called the alimentary canal.

the soft, inner lining that is found in several bodily cavities and organs (such as the nose, mouth, lungs, and stomach).

The mucosa, which is the innermost layer, performs

Squamous cells, which are tiny, flat cells that resemble fish scales, are present in the tissue that makes up the skin's surface, the lining of the body's hollow organs, and the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems.

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The statement about cellular respiration that is not true is this: KREB'S CYCLE ACTIVITY IS DEPENDENT SOLELY ON AVAILABILITY OF SUBSTRATES; OTHERWISE IT IS UNREGULATED.

Kreb's cycle refers to the series of biochemical reactions through which humans generate energy in the presence of oxygen via the oxidation of acetyl COA.

The major factors that regulate the Krebs cycle is the concentration of ATP and NADH. The cycle is strictly controlled based on the level of energy available in the cells. The key regulatory enzymes for the cycle are isocitrate dehyrogenase and alpha ketoglutarate deydrogenase.

The false statement about cellular metabolism is that the Krebs cycle activity is solely dependent on the availability of substrate and is otherwise unregulated. In actuality, Krebs cycle activity is regulated by enzyme activity and cellular energy needs, especially levels of ATP, NADH, and FADH2.

The false statement among the given options about cellular metabolism is B) 'Krebs cycle activity is dependent solely on availability of substrate; otherwise it is unregulated.' This is not accurate because Krebs cycle activity is regulated not just by substrate availability but also by enzyme activity and the cellular energy needs, especially those of ATP, NADH, and FADH2. Furthermore, when energy levels are high, the cycle is inhibited.

Regarding the other statements, they are correct. A) Glycolysis is indeed inhibited when energy levels are abundant as excess energy signals the cell to slow down the breakdown of glucose. Similarly, C) In the electron transport chain, electrons do decrease in energy as they are shuttled from one electron carrier to another, converting stored energy to ATP. Lastly, D) The reactions of the Krebs cycle do take place in the mitochondrial matrix, specifically the matrix of the mitochondria where enzymes necessary for the cycle are located.

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An idividual expressing these complaints could be having a stroke. A stroke is caused due to poor blood flow to the brain and results in the brain shutting down slowly.

Answer: Stroke

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look up child : )

The individual is likely experiencing symptoms of a stroke, which is a medical emergency. These symptoms include sudden severe headache, blurred vision in one eye, difficulty speaking, and weakness and paralysis on one side of the body. Seeking immediate medical attention is crucial.

The individual is experiencing symptoms that are consistent with a stroke. A stroke occurs when there is a disruption of blood flow to the brain, resulting in damage to brain cells and the symptoms described. Sudden severe headache, blurred vision in one eye, difficulty speaking, and weakness and paralysis on one side of the body are all common signs of a stroke. It is important for this person to seek immediate medical attention as stroke is a medical emergency.

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D. So that they produce a complimentary sticky end to each other

E. Dna ligase is used for linking together the plasmid with the desired gene

11. Because DNA contain phosphate group which is a negative recharge, so it will attracted to the anode.

12. Because shorter DNA molecules means less Mr so the shortest length of DNA move faster

13. Denaturing the DNA into 2 single stranded of DNA at 95°, then add primer after cooling it at 65°, after that DNA polymerase is added so that the DNA polymerase will add extra basses across the dna strand.

the correct answer is D. genetic information is passed from both parents to offspring

Answer:

its B and D

Explanation:

The correct answer is: neutrophils.

Neutrophils are a type of white blood cells (granulocytes), part of innate immune response with the role of phagocyte. They appear first during the acute phase of inflammation which is a result of bacterial infection and are first recruited to the site of injury.

A. Predict the traits of the offspring of genetic crosses.

The principles of probability in biology is mainly used to predict the traits of offspring in genetic crosses, which is consistent with Mendelian laws of inheritance. Correct option is A.

The principles of probability can be primarily used to predict the traits of the offspring of genetic crosses (Option A). This is based on the laws of inheritance outlined by Gregor Mendel, often applied in Punnett squares. However, they can't be used to determine which species should be used in genetic crosses (Option B), the actual outcomes of genetic crosses (Option C), or decide which organisms are best to use in genetic crosses (Option D). Those decisions require additional biological knowledge beyond probability alone.

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In fear-inducing situations like unexpectedly coming across a lion, the body activates the fight-or-flight response releasing epinephrine. This hormone promotes energy generation and physiological changes to prepare the body for a quick and effective response to the threat.

In response to sudden fear or stress, such as unexpectedly encountering a lion, the body reacts by activating the fight-or-flight response. This is a physiological reaction mediated by the adrenal glands, resulting in the secretion of the hormone epinephrine (also known as adrenaline).

This hormone promotes several changes in the body to prepare it for a sudden burst of energy. It increases heart and respiratory rate, temporarily suppresses non-urgent bodily functions like digestion and immunity, and enhances the body's ability to transport oxygen to the brain and muscles. This ensures that the body is geared up for either combating the danger (fight) or those situations where quick escape is the best option (flight).

The activation of catabolic pathways, which break down energy stores in the body, is a critical part of this response. This mobilizes a quick supply of energy for all the muscular and mental work required in the ensuing danger.

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Answer:

If a stack of rock layers has not been disturbed since it formed, the older

layers are toward the bottom and the younger layers are toward the top.

Explanation:

C: disrupted selection

The reduction in the ground-squirrel population because of an earthquake is an example of a genetic bottleneck. The surviving squirrels, all having broader stripes which is a genetic trait, will pass only these traits to succeeding generations, causing a shift in the gene pool and driving evolution.

The ground-squirrel population has experienced a genetic bottleneck as a result of the earthquake. A genetic bottleneck refers to a sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events (like the earthquake in this case) leading to a decreased genetic diversity in the population. In other words, the surviving squirrels had broader stripes, which is a specific trait that will now be overrepresented in the population going forward, thus presenting an example of genetic bottleneck. This situation causes a shift in the gene pool, and only the traits of the surviving squirrels get passed on to successive generations, which can lead to evolution over time due to this genetic drift.

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Answer:

D. all of these answers are correct

Explanation:

Actin binding proteins are responsible for the regulation of cytoskeletal microfilaments.

Actin binding proteins have the function to

1. Maintain the population of actin monomers,

2. regulate the polymerization of filaments

3. bind to and block the growing ends of actin filaments

4. assembly actin

5. bind to the sides of actin filaments

7. cross-link actin filaments

Answer: dichotomous key

Explanation:

Dichotomous key

The organism is the level of organization that together makes the population and community. The age of the organism is not used to classify the organisms. Thus, option C is correct.

The organisms are said to be composed of various organ systems that work and functions other to make a whole organism. An organism can be classified and differentiated from others based on their habitats like amphibians and mammals.

They can also be classified based on the common ancestry that is the basis of their origin like the apes and humans. Also, the dichotomous key is used to classify closely related organisms based on shared characteristics. But, the age of the organism is not used to classify them.

Therefore, option C. the age of the organism is not used to classify the organisms.

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Answer:

The correct answer is bilateral.

Explanation:

The tendency to use the left and the right sides of the body together at a similar time or with alternating movements is known as bilateral-coordination. For example, the movement of the body of a striker while playing a baseball game. The tendency to coordinate both the body sides together is an essential skill for various motor skills. The gross motor skills like climbing stairs, walking, skipping, jump rope, and many others need the skills of bilateral coordination.

Since they are called on to help both the older and younger generations of the family, middle-aged adults have been called the sandwich generation.

The sandwich generation is a generation of people that provide care for both their own children and their aging parents. The sandwich generation are usually in their 30s or 40s and they provide both emotional and financial support. According to Carol Abaya; an aging and elder care expert, the sandwich generation is divided into three groups based on their roles. They include; traditional, club sandwich and open faced sandwich generation.

Nutrients move directly into the esophagus where it continues to be warmed and lubricated as it moves toward the stomach.

The Kidneys removes excess water, salts, uric acids, and chemicals from the blood.

C- would be the answer to the question above (pastoral) aka (posturing) is a number word for a group of animals. Livestock is a group of animals being raised for food.

Answer: C: raising livestock

Explanation:  

The economy of a pastoral society is based on raising livestock.

Pastoral farming refers to a form of farming which involves producing or raising livestock instead of growing crops. The livestock feed on natural grown grass and vegetation. Examples are raising beef cattle, raising wool for sheep, diary farming and so on. Some pastoral farmers grow crops for feeding the livestock.  It is also known as livestock farming. Pastoral farmers are called graziers.

The correct answer is - C and D.

The principle of original horizontality means that the rock layers have been order by age, with the layers at the top being the youngest, while the layers at the bottom being the oldest.

In this picture it is little hard to tell which rocks belong to the same layer from first look because there are multiple twists and turns, an uneven surface, caused by pressure on the crust.

By carefully examining the image though, we can trace the layers more properly and see which ones are younger, which older, and which have the same relative age. In this case, we can see that the markings C and D are actually on the same layer of rocks, thus being a good indication that they have the same relative age.

Answer:

C and D

Explanation:

I got it right on my quiz

Answer:

Both the diploid embryo and triploid endosperm are formed.

Explanation:

Unlike natural selection, genetic drift does not depend on an allele’s beneficial or harmful effects. Instead, drift changes allele frequencies purely by chance, as random subsets of individuals (and the gametes of those individuals) are sampled to produce the next generation.

Every population experiences genetic drift, but small populations feel its effects more strongly. Genetic drift does not take into account an allele’s adaptive value to a population, and it may result in loss of a beneficial allele or fixation (rise to 100\%100%100, percent frequency) of a harmful allele in a population.

The founder effect and the bottleneck effect are cases in which a small population is formed from a larger population. These “sampled” populations often do not represent the genetic diversity of the original population, and their small size means they may experience strong drift for generations.

The effects of genetic drift on the gene pool will differ with sample size, which is true as genetic drift is a random process that leads to changes in the frequency of alleles in the ecosystem.

The effects of genetic drift on the gene pool can differ with sample size, as in a large population, the loss of an allele due to genetic drift may have a small effect on the overall frequency, but in a small population, the loss of the same allele may result in a much larger change, which can result in the loss of genetic variation in small populations.

Hence, the effects of genetic drift on the gene pool will differ with sample size, which is true as genetic drift is a random process that leads to changes in the frequency of alleles in the ecosystem.

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Not always because there could be birth defects, mutations, or other variables.

No, children of identical parents don't always resemble their parents because each child inherits both dominant and recessive features from both parents. Recessive features, however, can skip generations and don't always manifest.

The exchange of genetic material between distinct species, or genetic recombination, produces offspring with features that are different from those of either parent.

DNA fragments are broken and recombined during the recombination process to create novel allele combinations.

The genetic variety that results from this recombination process at the gene level reflects variations in the DNA sequences of various species.

Because each youngster receives both dominant and recessive traits from both parents, the mouse offspring will not always resemble their parents, just as children of identical parents do not always look like their parents. However, recessive traits can skip generations and aren't always present.

Thus, it can be concluded that the offspring will not be alike the parent.

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The correct answer is:  c. fats and fat - soluble vitamins  

Lymph vessels called lacteals are responsible for the transport of large fats from the digestive tract. Those vessels are located at the beginning of the gastrointestinal tract, predominantly in the small intestine. Fats and fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed from the digestive system and then transported to the venous circulation. The lymph in the lacteals is called chyle.

The lymphatic system carries fats and fat-soluble vitamins from the digestive system to the bloodstream. These nutrients are first encapsulated into chylomicrons in the small intestines before being transported to the lymphatic system and then the bloodstream.

The lymphatic system plays a significant role in the body's absorption and transportation process particularly with regard to fats and fat-soluble vitamins. This is due to the fact that when fats and fat-soluble vitamins are ingested they are first absorbed into the small intestines. They are then encapsulated into structures called chylomicrons, which are transported into a lacteal a lymphatic capillary in the small intestine, and thus into the lymph system. This fatty lymph or chyle eventually drains into the bloodstream. So the lymphatic system carries fats and fat-soluble vitamins to the bloodstream.

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The answer would be

increases; decreases

Negative reinforcers increase the rate of operant responding by removing an unpleasant stimulus to promote a desired behavior. Punishments decrease the rate of operant responding, usually by introducing an unwanted stimulus to discourage an undesired behavior.

In the context of operant conditioning, negative reinforcers increase the rate of operant responding, while punishments decrease the rate of operant responding. This is because negative reinforcement involves removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase a behavior while punishment involves introducing or removing a stimulus to decrease behavior.

For instance, when a persistent beep sound in a car (unpleasant stimulus) stops when you fasten your seatbelt (desired behavior), it's an example of negative reinforcement. The removal of the annoying beep increases the likelihood of the seatbelt being fastened in the future.

On the other hand, a punishment could be something like receiving a fine for not wearing a seatbelt. That would decrease the likelihood of not wearing the seatbelt.

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The correct answer is: C) have turned off or slowed down the process of transcription

There are many types of gene expression regulation in eukaryotes and DNA methylation is one of them. DNA methylation is an epigenetic tool that cells use to lock genes for the transcription (make them in the "off" position).

It is a process by which methyl groups are added to the DNA molecule and thus, activity of a DNA  is changed without changing the sequence.

DNA methylation also has role in chromosome stability, embryonic development, genomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation..

Methylated DNA is usually a sign that the gene expression is being silenced as this epigenetic modification leads to a chromatin structure that prevents transcription factors from initiating transcription.

If one were to observe the activity of methylated DNA, one would expect it to have turned off or slowed down the process of transcription. Methylation of DNA is a common epigenetic signaling tool that cells use to lock genes in the "off" position. In particular, the methylation of cytosine bases in DNA can lead to the recruitment of proteins that bind to methylated DNA and change the chromatin structure to a more closed conformation. This prevents transcription factors from accessing the DNA and thereby reduces the expression of genes.

For instance, the addition of methyl groups to the DNA base cytosine is typically associated with transcriptional repression. DNA methylation can also recruit proteins that can further modify histones to a state that is not permissive for transcription. In summary, the presence of highly methylated DNA regions with deacetylated histones tends to indicate a tightly coiled chromatin structure that is transcriptionally inactive.

Final answer:

Bilateral symmetry is the body plan that gives an animal a top (dorsal) and bottom (ventral) side, a left and right side, and a front (anterior) and back (posterior) end, supporting advanced mobility and behaviors.

Explanation:

The type of body symmetry that gives an animal a dorsal and ventral side, along with a left and right side, and an anterior and posterior end is bilateral symmetry. This body plan involves a division through a sagittal plane, resulting in two mirror-image halves of the body. Animals like humans, crabs, and butterflies are examples of organisms with bilateral symmetry. This type of symmetry is associated with an organized nervous system at the animal's anterior end, a phenomenon known as cephalization. In contrast to radial symmetry, suitable for stationary or limited-motion lifestyles, bilateral symmetry facilitates streamlined and directional motion, promoting active mobility and advanced predator-prey and resource-seeking behaviors.

The answer is the Plasma Membrane. The Plasma Membrane is a double-layered structure that surrounds the cell, and provides a shield between the cell and its environment.

Answer:

the diaphragm

Explanation: