5. What is Child marriage custom?​

Answers

Answer 1

Explanation:

In certain countries, it is customary for families to choose who the husband or wife of their offspring will be.  Consequently, it often happens that a young man or a young woman will be married without his or her consent.  This is what is known as a forced marriage. Forced marriages constitute a human rights violation because such a practice violates the basic principle of what marriage is (a joining together in wedlock of two freely consenting individuals) and impedes a person’s physical liberty and as well as his or her ability to decide for him- or herself what his future will be. Forced marriages involving an individual under the age of 18 are most commonly called child marriages. Young girls are most often the ones affected by this practice.  While they are still very young, sometimes at birth, their family chooses the husband to whom they will be married as soon as they reach puberty and can bear children.


Related Questions

What country's uses republican party? Explain

Answers

The Republican Party, often called the GOP (short for “Grand Old Party”) is one of two major political parties in the United States

Plz Hurry!!! Spanish land in America was divided into small units, and each unit was run by a(n) ____.


conquistadors

siege

civil war

viceroy

plantation

encomienda

encomenderos

ally

emigrate

enslaved

import

Answers

Run by a viceroy........................

Answer:

The answer is: each unit was run by a viceroy.

Explanation:

Viceroy was the title that the Spanish government gave to the governors in its American Colonies. The viceroy had to come from a Spanish familiy and was elected by the king himself. However, the Viceroy did not have power or authority to act in his own name and his powers were limited, he had to act as a representative of his king and in his name. Viceroys were instituted to maintain control of the Colonies, by enforcing laws and promoting the conversion to Christianity.

Which is not a reason for migration in India today


Answers

Answer:

marriage is not the reason for the migration in India

Answer:

Its Border Stability

Explanation:

The last answer someone submitted is wrong

Which most contributed to an absence of national identity in newly independent countries?

Answers

Boundaries that disregarded ethnic and religious differences most contributed to an absence of national identity in newly independent countries.

Explanation:

The powers that granted independence to the countries they ruled for long periods, also usually interfered in demarcating the boundaries of the regions before granting independence.

This demarcation of boundaries was not always done on the basis of ethnic and religious differences in the region. Thus, it often made the newly independent countries experience a lack of national identity among the people of the countries.

Answer:

C

Explanation:

ITS JUST C

_____allows you to save for retirement while you defer paying taxes on your eanings.

Answers

Answer:

401K

Explanation:

Saving for retirement can qualify you for several different types of tax breaks. Some retirement accounts allow you to defer paying income tax on your retirement savings, while others help you avoid paying tax on any of the investment gains you accrue. ... Contributions to a Roth IRA won't get you an immediate tax break.

Not short and sweet but the answer is above

Answer:Saving for retirement can qualify you for several different types of tax breaks. Some retirement accounts allow you to defer paying income tax on your retirement savings, while others help you avoid paying tax on any of the investment gains you accrue. ... Contributions to a Roth IRA won't get you an immediate tax break.

Explanation:

: Retirement and Savings Plans. ... to its employees, which allows employees to set aside tax-deferred income for ... Money that is working for you, either tax deferred or tax free, within a retirement plan .... You should always _____ over your retirement plans to an IRA when you leave the company.

Which of the following best describes the Supreme Court's decision in U.S. v. Nixon?

1Points
A
The Court ruled that all the requested tapes must be turned over.

B
The Court ruled in favor of executive privilege.

C
The Court ruled that President Nixon must resign.

D
The Court ruled that President Nixon could fire Archibald Cox.

2. Which of the following did Congress do in response to the government corruption the Watergate investigations uncovered?

Select all that apply.

1Points
A
established the Federal Election Commission

B
passed the Ethics in Government Act

C
created an Office of Government Ethics

D
ended corporate campaign funding and advertising

3. Which of the following strategies did President Carter promote during the Energy Crisis?

Select all that apply.

1Points
A
He placed taxes on cars that burned a lot of fuel.

B
He provided tax breaks for electric cars and buses.

C
He promoted the development of coal, nuclear, hydroelectric, and solar power.

D
He banned the production and sale of air conditioners.

4. For which groups did President Clinton make repeated attempts to broker a peace agreement?

1Points
A
Iraqis and the Kurds

B
Poles and Russians

C
Israelis and Palestinians

D
Croats and Serbs

5. Which of the following describes why President Clinton used the U.S. military in the Balkans?

1Points
A
to end violent conflicts between ethnic groups

B
to disrupt terrorists' ability to train new recruits

C
to restore democracy after a string of military coups

D
to deliver humanitarian aid following natural disasters

Answers

A is the correct answer

Answer:

1- The correct answer is A. In U.S. v. Nixon, the Court ruled that all the requested tapes must be turned over.

2- The correct answers are B and C. In response to the government corruption that the Watergate investigations uncovered, Congress passed the Ethics in Government Act  and created an Office of Government Ethics.

3- The correct answers are A and C. During the Energy Crisis, President Carter placed taxes on cars that burned a lot of fuel, and promoted the development of coal, nuclear, hydroelectric, and solar power.

4- The correct answer is C. President Clinton made repeated attempts to reach a peace agreement between Israelis and Palestinians.

5- The correct answer is A. President Clinton used the US military in the Balkans to end violent conflicts between ethnic groups.

Explanation:

1- United States v. Nixon was a famous lawsuit filed in the United States Supreme Court between the United States and then-reelected US President Richard Nixon in 1974 who, charged with involvement in a criminal action against the opposition party's office during the presidential campaign of 1972, argued in court that he was not obliged to present evidence that would incriminate him, by virtue of the prerogative of his position. Evidence of his involvement in the case led to the opening of a new impeachment case against the president, who had filed applications since 1971.

The outcome of the trial was unanimous in favor of the United States (8-0) and considered crucial to the final stages of the investigation of the political scandal known as the Watergate Scandal and the consequent impeachment decision. It is also considered as a decisive precedent for the imposition of limits on the power of the US president thereafter.

The Supreme Court's final judgment came on July 24, 1974, after little more than two weeks of arguments. On August 9, sixteen days later, Nixon would step down as President of the United States.

2- The commitment of ethics in the public sphere became important in the seventies in the United States in the wake of the Watergate Scandal that ended with the resignation of President Richard Nixon.  This fact demonstrated to the public that some governors and officials  practiced immoral or unethical behavior. It was then when  Congress created mechanisms for the promotion of ethics, such as the Office of Government Ethics and the Ethics in Government Act, both created in 1978.

3- In 1977, Carter convinced the Democrats in Congress to create the United States Department of Energy with the goal of promoting energy savings. Carter established price controls on oil and natural gas and installed solar panels to heat hot water in the White House, and set up a wood stove in his home. He ordered the General Services Administration to cut the hot water in some federal facilities, and requested that the Christmas public ornaments remain without lights in the Christmases of 1979 and 1980.  

In response to the energy crisis and growing concerns about air pollution, Carter also signed the National Energy Law and the Public Services Regulation Policy Law. The purpose of these laws was to stimulate energy conservation and the development of national energy resources, including renewables, such as solar and wind energy.

However, during the crisis of 1979, Carter reinstated some price controls on gasoline, which again caused queues at gas stations. During his "discomfort" speech, he announced a gradual liberalization of price controls, along with the imposition of a "Exceptional Benefits Tax" to finance energy efficiency initiatives.

4- On July 5, 2000, President Bill Clinton announced his invitation to Ehud Barak and Yasir Arafat to arrive at Camp David to resume negotiations on the Middle East peace process.

5- The objectives of the Clinton when bombing Yugoslavia were:

-Stop all military action and the immediate end of violence and repression.

-Immediately stop mass deportations of Kosovo Albanians.

-Withdrawal of Kosovo from all Yugoslav regular, paramilitary and police forces.

-The unconditional return and safe conditions of all refugees.

Which Supreme Court case argued that the right to privacy established the right of a woman and her husband to use birth control?

The History of Abortion: Select the best answer from the choices provided.

A. Roe v. Wade (1973)
B. Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992)
C. Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) D. Poe v. Ullman (1943)

Answers

Answer: C

Explanation:

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)

Answer:

c

Explanation:

34. After the Spanish-American War,

the United States granted independence to the Philippines.

the United States returned the Philippines to Spain.

the United States did not grant independence to the Philippines, and American troops fought Filipino rebels until 1902.

the Filipino rebels laid down their arms and accepted American rule.

Answers

The first answer is the right answer

Answer:

A. it should not fall under Spanish rule.

C. the Philippines should not be independent

you're welcome :)

Which of the following is NOT a painting style from the early 20th century? A.cubism B.expressionism C.surrealism D.existentialism


I know that i just asked a question a bit ago but this is the last one i'm stuck on, please help

Answers

Answer:

C. would be the answer :)

Explanation:

Surrealism is a cultural movement that emerged in Europe following World War I . Hence optiion C is correct .

What is Surrealism ?

In which artists depicted disturbing, illogical scenes and developed techniques to allow the unconscious mind to express itself.

Surrealism seeks to transform human experience. It strikes a balance between a rational view of life and one that acknowledges the power of the unconscious and dreams.

The artists of the movement find magic and strange beauty in the unexpected and uncanny, the overlooked and the unconventional.

Surrealism seeks to transform human experience. It strikes a balance between a rational view of life and one that acknowledges the power of the unconscious and dreams. The artists of the movement find magic and strange beauty in the unexpected and uncanny, the overlooked and the unconventional.

It created works of art such as paintings.Writing, acting, filmmaking, photography, and other forms of media. Surrealist works contain elements of surprise, unexpected juxtapositions, and non sequitur.

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Three common characteristics of hunter-gatherer societies were _____.

Answers

Answer:

1. labor was people all together, no exclusion, 2. typically hunter-gatherers were nomadic, and 3. the men would do most of the hunting

:) have a nice day love ❤

Explanation:

Three characteristics of hunter-gatherer societies were :They don't stay in one place for a long time.  Their communities were small in size hence moving around and settling in new places wasn't so hard for them. They relied on hunting and domestic animal instead of crop farming.

The hunter-gatherer lived during the prehistoric time with 90% of the societies living by scavenging and hunting. A few percentage relied on horticulture and crop-farming. They gathered eggs, seafood, nuts since they lived in the forests and woodlands.

Though hunting was also another method of getting food, they did not kill big animal. They only scavenge for animal carcasses after they have by natural death or their prey. Other hunter-gatherer people lived in woodland areas and avoided dense forests increasing scavenging.

Under an expansionary taxation policy, the government tries to stimulate economic growth by increasing taxes. reducing taxes. increasing spending. reducing spending.

Answers

Answer: Reducing taxes.

Under an expansionary taxation policy, the government tries to stimulate economic growth by reducing taxes.

Explanation:  

Expansionary policy refers to a form of monetary policy in which the government spends more or taxes less. The government expands the money supply faster than usual or lower / reduces the short-term interest rates. It is usually enacted by central banks because it is a powerful tool.

Taxes are compulsory levies imposed by the government on individuals in the country. Taxes are used to raise revenue for government expenditure and also for provision of infrastructures such as good roads, electricity, education, good sewage system and so on.

Under an expansionary taxation policy, the government tries to stimulate economic growth by reducing taxes. Option (b) is correct.

Fiscal policy that directly boosts aggregate demand through an increase in public spending is sometimes referred to as expansionary or "loose." Fiscal policy, on the other hand, is frequently regarded as contractionary or "tight" if it lowers demand through lower spending.

An expansionary tax policy is a type of taxation that aids in boosting a country's real GDP level. Thus, it can be concluded that the government strives to stimulate the real GDP of a country, which in turn raises the economic growth of a country, by lowering taxes.

Therefore, Option (b) is correct.

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“The free market system is the best economic system, since it is the most efficient and solves the basic economic problems.”

Answers

Final answer:

The free market system is seen as an efficient economic mechanism due to its flexibility in dealing with supply and demand, effective dissemination of scarcity information, and assumption of self-regulation among market participants.

Explanation:

The free market system, a central concept in economics, is seen as highly efficient due to its ability to solve basic economic problems such as supply and demand, allocation of resources, and scarcity of goods and services.

Here, markets are left to operate without government intervention, making the system flexible and adaptable. A key principle is the utilization of a common unit of exchange or currency that allows easy trading of goods or services.

Another significant feature of a free market system is the market price system, which disseminates information about the relative scarcities of goods, services, labor, and financial capital. This system is efficient because market participants only need to know that prices have changed, without understanding why, to revisiting their supply and demand decisions.

Lastly, free-market economics assumes that producers and consumers are capable of self-regulation to protect their interests, deeming extensive government regulation unnecessary. This approach believes that private goods' owners are naturally inclined to protect their tangible assets and reputations for sustained profits and business continuity.

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Final answer:

The free market system is the best economic system as it is efficient in information dissemination and enables the voluntary exchange of goods and services.

Explanation:

Proponents of free-market economics believe that the market forces of supply and demand, working without any government involvement, are the most effective way for markets to operate. The market system is considered efficient because it provides a mechanism for disseminating information about relative scarcities of goods, services, labor, and financial capital. It allows producers and consumers to negotiate trades and find the most optimal prices.

A key principle of free-market economics is that it is largely unnecessary for the government to protect the value of private goods. Industries have an interest in self-regulating and protecting their own value, while consumers have the ability to provide for themselves and their families. In this view, public policy regulating the exchange of goods and services is deemed unnecessary.

In summary, the free market system is seen as the best economic system by proponents of free-market economics because it is efficient in terms of information dissemination and allows for the voluntary exchange of goods and services.

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Will get brainlyest! Which of the following sentences contains a problem with pronoun agreement?

1. When somebody tells you they will help you, you should believe them.
2. The guide dogs help their owners to navigate in familiar and unfamiliar places.
3. Each volunteer has his or her personal motivations for helping others.
4. Kelly uses her tablet to help her communicate with people in the community.

Answers

Answer:

The guide dogs help their owners to navigate in familiar and unfamiliar places.

Explanation:

I believe that this is the answer

Answer:

The correct answer is A) When somebody tells you they will help you, you should believe them.

Please give me Brainliest!!

Thanks!  ✔✔

Explanation:

Why did persphone have to live with hades for 7 months and with Demeter on earth for 5 months(in Greek myths)

Answers

Answer:

She ate three pomegranate seeds.

Explanation:

Pomegranates are food of the underworld. Since she ate three seeds she has to live with hades for 3 months of the year. For that three months Demeter her mother roams the Earth making plants and crops die, and harsh weather occurs. Winter comes for 3 months and when Persephone returns summer, spring and autumn come.

6. What is the main reason the Allied Powers likely did not free the
people at the Nazi camps quicker?

Answers

Answer: to much of a risk to bomb and it would have detracted to the war

Explanation:

“… government of the people, by the people, for the people…” which type of government does abraham lincoln describe?

Answers

Answer:

democracy

sorry if i'm wrong

How should Americans of religious faith balance their convictions and their obedience to government authority?

Answers

Answer:

Americans with religious conviction should balance it with obedience to the government by adherence to the legislation that are made from day to day.

Explanation:

Depending on the situation, the government allows freedom and at some poses some restrictions to the religious activities in a bid to safeguard the citizens and enhance peace.

religion does not occupy a special place in the American state thus it is mandatory for the citizen with different religious conviction and belief to stick to what the government requires.

some laws are legal but again they  might be unethical. in this situation, or even scenario, the citizens with religious convictions should simply abide by the law and fully fulfill their obligation which is obeying the laws.

Deforestation in the Amazon Rainforest is primarily caused by people who __________.

Answers

Answer:

Cut down tress to make space for their ownselves

Explanation:

We have limited space but plan to have more buildings

Final answer:

Deforestation in the Amazon Rainforest is largely driven by economic activities such as logging, agriculture, and mining, with cattle ranching and soy farming playing significant roles due to global demand. These activities lead to biodiversity loss and contribute to climate change, despite also providing economic benefits. Sustainable forestry practices could help balance development and conservation needs.

Explanation:

Deforestation in the Amazon Rainforest is primarily caused by people who are involved in various economic activities such as logging, agriculture, and mining. The drive for cattle ranching and soy farming for both domestic consumption and export has led to an explosive increase in deforestation rates. The situation is exacerbated by international demands for biofuels and a rise in living standards in developing countries, alongside economic policies that incentivize large-scale deforestation. Poor settlers and workers drawn to the area by the promise of employment or land contribute to this process, but the underlying causes include globalized financial markets, commodity booms, and policy decisions that favor short-term economic gains over environmental preservation.

Additionally, illegal practices such as slash and burn farming have a significant impact on the environment. These anthropogenic activities not only lead to a loss in biodiversity due to habitat destruction but also contribute to climate change through the release of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. Despite these environmental costs, deforestation has created jobs and provided economic opportunities for many people in the region, revealing the complex interplay between economic development and environmental conservation.

Strategies such as forest management and alternatives to clear-cutting, like strip cutting, are proposed to mitigate deforestation while still allowing economic activities to continue sustainably. However, substantial change will require a concerted effort from local to global levels, taking into account the needs for conservation and development in balance.

Humanitarian aid is foreign aid that is mainly used for _____.

Foreign Aid and the U.S.: Select the correct answer from the choices provided.

A. sending military supplies to allied countries at war
B. long-term projects to develop infrastructure, such as roads or hospitals
C. funding international agencies, such as the UN or the Red Cross
D. helping victims of sudden crises, such as a tsunami, earthquake, or refugees of war

Answers

Answer:

The answer is D.

Explanation:

Hope this helps! Have a good day<3

Answer:

d

Explanation:

plato

Is Islam monotheistic or polytheistic religion?

Answers

Answer: monotheistic

Explanation:

Islam is a monotheistic religion. Islam was based on the teachings of the prophet Muhammad. Muhammad’s teachings are found in the holy book of Islam called the Qur’an. He emphasized the dignity of all human beings and the brotherhood of all people.

Black and white cartoon. First panel shows a tiny man on a ladder, pulling a large book off a bookshelf. Caption, This little boy would persist in handling books above his capacity. Second panel shows man flat on his back on the floor with book, titled Constitution of U.S., on top of him.
Public Domain

What was the effect of this cartoon in 1867? (5 points)


It demonstrated the weakness of the veto power.

It showed that the president was well equipped for his job.

It emphasized the authority of the U.S. Constitution.

It validated the need for more control of the presidency.

Answers

Answer:

It emphasized the authority of the U.S. Constitution

Explanation:

I don't think it would demonstrate the weakness of the veto power because if weakness of something was being shown, the book would not be pinning him to the floor. Also, it doesn't say that he is a president, nor does the picture show he is doing well with handling the book. The book is crushing him, and overpowering him which is why I would say it's the third option. The fourth option doesn't make sense because the image has to do with the Constitution, not the presidency.

Final answer:

The cartoon depicting the man and the Constitution represents the complexities of the U.S. presidency and suggests the need for both a capable president and controls on presidential power, reflecting historical debates over the interpretation and application of the Constitution.

Explanation:

The black and white cartoon is a metaphor for the challenges that come with understanding and applying the Constitution of the U.S.. The depiction of the man being overwhelmed by the book titled Constitution of U.S. symbolizes the immense responsibility and complexity of the presidency. It may also reflect the notion that the president must be well-equipped to handle such responsibilities, as indicated by the text which suggests that the president was well equipped for his job. At the same time, it could imply that there is a need for more control of the presidency to prevent it from becoming too powerful, as suggested in the historical context provided by the reference materials mentioning different perspectives on the size and scope of the national government.

In 1789, the Washington administration and Congress faced the formidable task of enacting the principles of the Constitution in order to demonstrate that a republican form of government could be successful. The Constitution only outlined a basic sketch of the president's responsibilities, leaving much to be interpreted and implemented by both the president and Congress. Over time, as seen in examples like Roosevelt's presidency and the subsequent concerns over presidential power, the balance of interpreting and applying the Constitution has been an ongoing process of negotiation and adaptation.

The Constitution was designed to be a living document, capable of evolving with the nation, but with a system of checks and balances to prevent any one branch from becoming too dominant. This delicate balance is critical to ensure that the presidency remains a position that is both powerful enough to be effective, yet constrained enough to prevent the emergence of a tyrannical government.

Witch best describes how banks attract consumers who want to save their money

A. They offer competitive interest rates to consumers depositing money.

B. They only provide loans to consumers who have deposited money.

C. They provide debit cards to consumers who deposit money.

D. They guarantee a percentage of each loan made to every consumer.

Answers

Answer: by offering competitive interest rates to consumers depositing money.

Explanation: la la la la la

Banks attract consumers who want to save their money A. They offer competitive interest rates to consumers depositing money.

Competitive interest rates means rates of interest for loans with similar terms charged by private lending institutions in the same area to borrowers of equivalent creditworthiness and access to alternative credit.

Why is it important to know what the interest is?

Higher interest rates are often an incentive for individuals to save and invest, in order to take advantage of the greater amount of interest to be earned. As a lender or borrower, it is important to understand how changing interest rates may affect your saving or borrowing habits.

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A state that is not subject to the control or power of any other state is considered ________

Answers

Answer:

SOVEREIGN.

Explanation:

Which of these lists the
rights of all citizens?
A Constitution
B government
ballot
D President
What are roads, scho
parks, and libraries?
A taxes
B courts
C ballots
government
services

Answers

Answer: I think it is A,  constitution

A. The Constitution lists the rights of all citizens.

D. Roads, schools, parks, and libraries are all government services.

Which would not be considered a human activity contributing to the loss of biodiversity on earth??

Answers

Answer:

sorry can't help bc you need a answer

Explanation:

Answer:

The answer is B.)Asteroid Impact

Explanation:

All of the other answer choices have been caused by humans.

what is the most significant advantage of using renewable energy sources?​

Answers

Answer:you can use it over and over again

Explanation:

Answer:

The most significant advantage of using renewable energy sources is discussed below.

Explanation:

Advantages of renewable energy

Renewable power won't reach out.Sustaining specifications are below.Renewables conserve funds.Renewable energy has various well-being and environmental advantages.Renewables cheaper dependence on imported energy sources.Higher upfront expense.Intermittency.Storage capacities.

See attachment, thanks!!!!

Answers

Answer:

The answer is D

Explanation:

Which trend contributes to the long-term impact of the US baby boom? rising immigration rates rising birth rates rising life expectancy rising retirement age

Answers

Answer:

Among the options given on the question the answer is option C.

rising life expectancy

Explanation:In the early 20th century the United States was experiencing the decline of birth rate. There were many reasons behind this. Like as world war I, the Great depression effect in the economy. But after world war II, USA experienced a great increase in the birth rate during the period of 1946 to 1964. This period is called as the Baby Boom in the  history of USA. By the end of 1964, 76.6 million babies were born during the period of baby boom.

There are many reasons behind this massive increase of birth rate. Life expectancy was one of the main  reason behind this. The strengthened economical condition of the USA has increased the facilities of the people. As a result couples were more willing to have babies.

Moreover soldiers returned from the world war were given the opportunity of job and social securities.As a result they got married inthe pursue of better and fulfill life. 2.2 millions couple were married in 1946 and most of them were strongly inspired to have baby to accomplish the family.

So it can be said that rising life expectancy was a factor behind the Baby Boom.

Answer: the answer is C

Explanation:

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Public Domain


Look at the graph. What would be an example of a social cost stemming from this data? (5 points)



More deaths mean more disease in the population.


More deaths mean more battles.


More deaths mean fewer national elections.


More deaths mean fewer workers.

Answers

Answer:

D.) More deaths mean fewer workers.

Explanation:

Please look to the image attached with this answer.

Hope this helps ya :)

Social cost in neoclassical economics is the sum of the private costs resulting from a transaction and the costs imposed on the consumers as a consequence of being exposed to the transaction for which they are not compensated or charged. In other words, it is the sum of private and external costs.

D. More deaths mean fewer workers.

What is a social cost example?

Social cost is the total cost to society. It includes private costs plus any external costs. Example of driving to work. Costs of paying for petrol (personal cost) Costs of increased congestion (external cost)

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Which of the following developments has caused recent controversy between richer and poorer members of the European Union?

A.
the use of the euro

B.
the cost of caring for refugees

C.
the decline in the fertility rate

D.
the use of nuclear energy

Answers

ANSWER

the use of nuclear energy

EXPLANATION:

Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions that release nuclear energy to generate heat, which most frequently is then used in steam turbines to produce electricity in a nuclear power plant. As a nuclear technology, nuclear power can be obtained from nuclear fission, nuclear decay and nuclear fusion reactions. Presently, the vast majority of electricity from nuclear power is produced by nuclear fission of uranium and plutonium. Nuclear decay processes are used in niche applications such as radioisotope thermometric generators. Generating electricity from fusion power remains at the focus of international research. This article mostly deals with nuclear fission power for electricity generation.This is the main controversy that is recent.

Final answer:

The main controversy between richer and poorer EU members is the cost of caring for refugees, exacerbated by an existing decline in Europe's fertility rate and the resultant economic and social challenges.

Explanation:

The controversy between richer and poorer members of the European Union (EU) is most accurately described by option B, the cost of caring for refugees. Richer EU countries are often expected to contribute more in aiding refugees, which has led to tension regarding the distribution of economic responsibility. The influx of refugees, coupled with pre-existing problems such as the decline in the fertility rate and the resulting demographic challenges, stresses the social welfare systems of European nations, creating a divide in opinion on how best to manage these issues.

As Europe is experiencing a low fertility rate, fewer children are being born, leading to an aging workforce and a potential shortage in the labor supply needed to sustain economic growth and fund pension systems. This issue is also tied to cultural tensions arising from immigrants often having different backgrounds from the local populations. Thus, while matters such as the use of the euro, nuclear energy, or even fertility rates play significant roles in the EU dynamics, it is the management of refugees that has sparked recent controversy among member states, especially between richer and poorer countries.

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