A 300-g aluminum cup contains 700 g of water in thermal equilibrium with the cup at 60°C. The combination of cup and water is cooled uniformly so that the temperature decreases by 2.2°C per minute. At what rate is energy being removed? Express your answer in watts.

Answer:

Answer in explanation

Explanation:

A catalyst is a substance that alter the rate of a chemical reaction. It either speeds up the rate of the chemical reaction or slows down the rate of the chemical reaction. Hence, we say a catalyst can either work positively or negatively.

A catalyst will bring down the value of the activation energy. It reduces the minimum amount of energy needed for the reaction to kickstart. Hence we say it tends to create an alternative pathway for the chemical reaction to proceed.

When it speeds up the rate, it is otherwise known as a positive catalyst, otherwise it is a negative catalyst.

A catalyst does not have any business with the nature of the products or the reactants. Its work is simple, either hasten or slow down the rate of a chemical reaction.

A catalyst has no effect On the equilibrium position of a chemical reaction. This is to say its addition or subtraction has no effect on the position of a chemical reaction

Catalysis is the process by which a catalyst lowers the activation energy of a chemical reaction, thus increasing the reaction rate without changing the nature of the products. A catalyst does not shift the position of a reaction at equilibrium but enables the system to reach equilibrium more quickly.

What is Catalysis?

Catalysis refers to the process by which a catalyst increases the rate at which a chemical reaction occurs. A catalyst facilitates a chemical reaction without undergoing any permanent chemical change itself. It works by providing an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy (Ea), which is the energy required to initiate the reaction. This lower activation energy means that more reactant molecules can effectively collide and react at a given temperature, thereby speeding up the reaction rate.

Effect on Activation Energy and Reaction Rate

The presence of a catalyst in a chemical reaction results in a lower activation energy barrier. This, in turn, means that a greater percentage of reactant molecules have enough energy to overcome this barrier and form products. Consequently, the reaction rate is increased since the reaction can proceed faster.

Does a Catalyst Change the Nature of the Products?

A catalyst does not affect the energy of the reactants or the products, nor does it alter the overall thermodynamics of the reaction. Therefore, it does not change the nature of the products of the reaction.

Adding a Catalyst to a Reaction in Equilibrium

When a reaction is in equilibrium, adding a catalyst will not shift the equilibrium position or alter the concentrations of reactants and products at equilibrium. Instead, it will increase the rate at which equilibrium is reached by speeding up both the forward and reverse reactions equally.

Explanation:

The longest wavelength of light with enough energy to break the Cl-Cl bond = 495 nm = [tex]495\times 10^{-9} m[/tex]

1) The frequency of the light:

[tex]\lambda =495\times 10^{-9} m[/tex]

[tex]\nu=\frac{c}{\lambda }[/tex]

c = speed of light= [tex]3\times 10^8 m/s[/tex]

[tex]\nu=\frac{3\times 10^8 m/s}{495\times 10^{-9} m}[/tex]

[tex]=6.0606\times 10^{14) s^{-1}[/tex]

The frequency of the light is [tex]6.0606\times 10^{14) s^{-1}[/tex].

2)The energy of a photon of the light:

The energy of the photon is given by : E

[tex]E=h\nu [/tex]

h =  Planck's constant = [tex]6.626\times 10^{-34} J/s[/tex]

[tex]E=6.626\times 10^{-34} J/s\times 6.0606\times 10^{14) s^{-1}[/tex]

[tex]=4.016\times 10^{-19} J[/tex]

The energy of a photon of the light is [tex]4.016\times 10^{-19} J[/tex].

3) The minimum energy of the Cl-Cl bond :

To break single bond of Cl-Cl bond we need energy E= [tex]4.016\times 10^{-19} J[/tex]

1 mole = [tex]N_A=6.022\times 10^{23} mol^{-1} [/tex]

So, in order to break 1 mole of Cl-Cl bond we will need:

[tex]E\times N_A=4.016\times 10^{-19} J\times 6.022\times 10^{23} mol^{-1} [/tex]

[tex]=241,828.92 J/mol=241,828.92\times 0.001 kJ/mol=241.83 kJ/mol[/tex]

The minimum energy of the Cl-Cl bond is 241.83 kJ/mol.

The frequency of the light radiation has been 6.0606 × [tex]\rm 10^1^4[/tex] /sec. The energy of the light photon has been 4.016 × [tex]\rm 10^-^1^9[/tex] J. The minimum energy in the Cl-Cl bond has been 241.8292 kJ/mol.

(1) The frequency can be defined as the number of times the wave has been repeated, while the wavelength has been defined as the distance of one wave.

The frequency of the wave in the air can be given as:

Frequency = [tex]\rm \dfrac{speed}{wavelength}[/tex]

Frequency of 495 nm wavelength has been :

Frequency = [tex]\rm \dfrac{3\;\times\;10^8\;m/sec}{495\;\times\;10^-^9\;m}[/tex]

Frequency = 6.0606 × [tex]\rm 10^1^4[/tex] /sec

The frequency of the light radiation has been 6.0606 × [tex]\rm 10^1^4[/tex] /sec.

(2) The energy of the light photon has been given by:

Energy = Plank's constant × Frequency

Energy = 6.626 × [tex]\rm 10^-^3^4[/tex] J/s ×  6.0606 × [tex]\rm 10^1^4[/tex] /sec

The energy of the photon = 4.016 × [tex]\rm 10^-^1^9[/tex] J.

The energy of the light photon has been 4.016 × [tex]\rm 10^-^1^9[/tex] J.

(3) The minimum energy of Cl-Cl bond has been given by:

The energy for 1 photon = 4.016 × [tex]\rm 10^-^1^9[/tex] J.

The energy for 1 mole of Cl-Cl has been the minimum energy for breaking Cl-Cl bond.

1 mole = 6.023  × [tex]\rm 10^2^3[/tex] atoms

Energy for Cl-Cl bond has been =  4.016 × [tex]\rm 10^-^1^9[/tex] J ×  6.023  × [tex]\rm 10^2^3[/tex] atoms

Energy for Cl-Cl bond has been = 241,828.92 J/mol

Energy for Cl-Cl bond has been = 241.8292 kJ/mol.

The minimum energy in the Cl-Cl bond has been 241.8292 kJ/mol.

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Answer:

[tex]H_2SO_4_{(aq)}+2LiOH_{(aq)}\rightarrow H_2O_{(l)}+Li_2SO_4_{(aq)}[/tex]

[tex]2H^+_{(aq)}+2OH^{-}\rightarrow H_2O_{(l)}[/tex]

Explanation:

Complete ionic equation : In complete ionic equation, all the substance that are strong electrolyte and present in an aqueous are represented in the form of ions.

Net ionic equation : In the net ionic equations, we are not include the spectator ions in the equations.

Only the species which are present in aqueous state dissociate.

Spectator ions : The ions present on reactant and product side which do not participate in a reactions. The same ions present on both the sides.

(a)

The balanced molecular equation will be,

[tex]H_2SO_4_{(aq)}+2LiOH_{(aq)}\rightarrow H_2O_{(l)}+Li_2SO_4_{(aq)}[/tex]

The complete ionic equation in separated aqueous solution will be,

[tex]2H^+_{(aq)}+SO_4^-_{(aq)}+2Li^+_{(aq)}+2OH^{-}_{(aq)}\rightarrow H_2O_{(l)}+2Li^+_{(aq)}+SO_4^-_{(aq)}[/tex]

In this equation the species present are, [tex]Li^+\text{ and }SO_4^-[/tex] are the spectator ions.

Hence, the net ionic equation contains specie is  

[tex]2H^+_{(aq)}+2OH^{-}\rightarrow H_2O_{(l)}[/tex]

Answer:

There are 3 elements (6;12) (19;39) and (82;207)

There are 3 isotopes (6;13) (19;41) and (82;206)

Explanation:

Step 1:

Isotopes have the same atomic number but a different mass number

The element with number 19 is Potassium

Potassium has a mass number of 39 g/mol

This is the element potassium and is not an element

41C has mass number of 41 g/mol and is an isotope

The element with number 6 is carbon

Carbon has a mass number of 12 g/mol

13C has a mass number of 13 g/mol and is an isotope

The element with number 82 is lead

Lead has a mass number of  207 g/mol

206Pb has a mass number of 206 g/mol and is an isotope

There are 3 elements (6;12) (19;39) and (82;207)

There are 3 isotopes (6;13) (19;41) and (82;206)

Answer:

Saccharose

Explanation:

Disaccharide Saccharose is formed by glucose and fructose, both monosaccharides are bound by their anomeric carbons (O-glucosidic), this is, both reducing carbons form the O-glucosidic bond, hence, they are not available to reduce Ag⁺ to Ag⁰

Answer:

Explanation:

Specific heat capacity of iron is the amount of heat required to raise 1g of iron by 1 degree Celsius.

The formula is Q=mc∆T

Where Q is energy in joules.

M is mass in gram.

C is specific heat capacity in J/g°C.

∆T is change in temperature in degree Celsius

Q=1086.75joules

M=15.85g

C=?

∆T = final T-initial T(175-25)=150°c.

Q=Mc∆T

1086.75= 15.85×C×150

1086.85=2377.5c

C=1086.85÷2377.5

C=0.46J/g°C.

Answer:

(a) 4 %; (b) 5 %

Explanation:

We need a Cu-Ag phase diagram to answer these questions (see diagram). Yours may differ slightly from the one I used.

(a) Cu in Ag

The horizontal red line  at 700 °C cuts the right-hand solvus at about 4 % Ag-96 % Cu.

At this point, copper is in equilibrium with the eutectic.

At 700 °C, the maximum solubility of Cu is about 4 % by mass.

(b) Ag in Cu

The horizontal red line  at 700 °C cuts the left-hand solvus at about 5 % Cu-95 % Ag.

At this point, silver is in equilibrium with the eutectic.

At 700 °C, the maximum solubility of Ag is about 5 % by mass.

In this exercise we have to calculate the maximum of each component in the solution:

a) 4%

b) 5%

We need a Cu-Ag phase diagram to answer these questions (see diagram). Yours may differ slightly from the one I used.

(a) Cu in Ag

The horizontal red line  at 700 °C cuts the right-hand solvus at about 4 % Ag-96 % Cu.

At this point, copper is in equilibrium with the eutectic.

At 700 °C, the maximum solubility of Cu is about 4 % by mass.

(b) Ag in Cu

The horizontal red line  at 700 °C cuts the left-hand solvus at about 5 % Cu-95 % Ag.

At this point, silver is in equilibrium with the eutectic.

At 700 °C, the maximum solubility of Ag is about 5 % by mass.

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Answer:

[tex]1.7742\times 10^{-3} mol/L[/tex] is the molar concentration of Cu(II) ions in the unknown solution.

Explanation:

Using Beer-Lambert's law :

Formula used :

[tex]A=\epsilon \times C\times l[/tex]

where,

A = absorbance of solution

C = concentration of solution

l = length of the cell =

[tex]\epsilon[/tex] = molar absorptivity of solution

A Beer's law plot is between absorbance and concentration.

[tex]\frac{A}{c}=Slope(m)=\epsilon\times l[/tex]

We have:

A = 0.55

The slope of the Beer's law plot = m = 310 L/mol

So, the concentration of the solution is:

[tex]c=\frac{A}{m}=\frac{0.55}{310 L/mol}=1.7742\times 10^{-3} mol/L[/tex]

[tex]1.7742\times 10^{-3} mol/L[/tex] is the molar concentration of Cu(II) ions in the unknown solution.

Using Beer's law and the given slope and absorbance values, the molar concentration of Cu2+ in the solution is approximately 1.77 * [tex]10^{-3[/tex] M.

Beer's law, also known as the Beer-Lambert law, establishes a linear relationship between the absorbance of a species in a solution and its concentration. The equation for Beer's law is A = εlc, where A is absorbance, ε is the molar absorptivity (given by the slope in this case), l is the path length (assumed to be 1 cm here), and c is the concentration. In your case, the slope is 310 L/mol, and you have measured an absorbance of 0.55.

To find the concentration of Cu2+ in the solution, we rearrange the Beer's law equation to c = A / εl. Substituting in your values, we get c = 0.55 / (310 L/mol * 1 cm), which simplifies to c = 0.00177 mol/L or 1.77 *  [tex]10^{-3[/tex]  M. So the molar concentration of Cu2+ in the unknown solution is approximately 1.77 *  [tex]10^{-3[/tex]  M.

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Answer:

This question is incomplete. But the completed question is below

A sample of helium gas is in a closed system with a movable piston. The volume of the  gas sample is changed when both the temperature and the pressure of the sample are increased.  Where the initial temperature of the gas is 200K, initial pressure is 2.0 atm, initial volume is 500 mL, the final temperature is 300K and the final pressure of the gas sample is 7.0 atm.

What is the correct numerical setup for calculating the final volume of the helium gas sample?

P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂ will be used in calculating the final volume.

And the final volume is 214.29 mL

Explanation:

The general gas equation will be used to calculate the final volume. The general gas equation is

P₁V₁/T₁ = P₂V₂/T₂

From the question

P₁ = 2.0 atm

T₁ = 200K

V₁ = 500 mL

P₂ = 7.0 atm

T₂ = 300K

V₂ = unknown

Hence, we have

2 × 500/200 = 7 × V₂/300

V₂ = [tex]\frac{2 * 500 * 300}{200 * 7}[/tex]

V₂ = 214.29 mL

The final volume of He gas sample has been 214.285 mL.

Helium has been assumed to be an ideal gas. The final volume of the gas with an increase in pressure has been given by:

[tex]\dfrac{P_1V_1}{T_1}=\dfrac{P_2V_2}{T_2}[/tex]

Where, the initial pressure of gas, [tex]P_1=2\;\text{atm}[/tex]

The final pressure of gas, [tex]P_2=7\;\text{atm}[/tex]

The initial volume of gas, [tex]V_1=500\;\text{ml}[/tex]

The initial temperature of gas, [tex]T_1=200\;\text K[/tex]

The final temperature of gas, [tex]T_2=300\;\text K[/tex]

Substituting the values for the final temperature of He, [tex]V_2[/tex]:

[tex]\dfrac{2\;\times\;500}{200}=\dfrac{7\;\times\;V_2}{300}\\\\\dfrac{2\;\times\;500}{200}\;\times\;\dfrac{300}{7} = V_2\\\\V_2=214.285\;\rm ml[/tex]

The final volume of He gas has been 214.285 mL.

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Explanation:

A chemical reaction is defined as the reaction in which bonds between the reactants either break or form which leads to the formation of a new substance.

For example, [tex]2Li + Cl_{2} \rightarrow 2LiCl[/tex]

So, when we drop a sodium metal into water then it produces a frizzing sound which shows the metal is reacting with water.

We know that when two aqueous solutions chemically react with each other then it may lead to the formation of an insoluble substance which is known as precipitate.

This means that formation of a precipitate is also a chemical reaction.

Thus, we can conclude that following are the statements which show evidence for a chemical reaction.

Answer:

Explanation:

According to this. Let's analize the possible products a, b and c.

First, the problem states that we have 2 eq. of base, For this case, let's assume it's KOH. Now, As we are doing a reaction with base, means that this reaction can only take places under conditions of SN2 and E2, a fast reaction that is taking place in only 1 step.

With this in mind, let's analyze product a. This states that it has two sp hybridized carbon, in other words, a triple bond between two carbons. So the product is with no doubt, an alkyne.

Product b has only one sp hybridized carbon, which means that this carbon should cannot be an alkyne because we need two carbon atoms. The only way to have one atom of C sp hybridized, is with two double bonds, so product b would have to a alkene with two double bonds.

Product c do not have sp hybridized carbon, therefore, it only has two double bonds in two different Carbon atoms, so it's another alkene with two double bonds, but in two different atoms of carbon.

Picture attached show the product a, b and c. Hope this can help

In a reaction involving 2,3-dibromobutane and a base, three products with distinct arrangements of π bonds and sp hybridized carbons are formed. Given that Product B has one sp hybridized carbon, it is likely to be 2-butyne.

In the reaction of 2,3-dibromobutane with two equivalents of a base, the base will act as a nucleophile and attack the carbon atoms bound to the bromine atoms. This will then form three products, each with two new π bonds. Given that Product B has one sp hybridized carbon atom, it is likely that this product is 2-butyne. 2-butyne has one in which both are on the same side producing a cis- configuration, and one in which they are on opposite sides producing a trans- configuration.

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Answer:

B. CaCl + LiCO3 yields CaCO3 + LiCl is not correct

It should be CaCl2 + Li2CO3  → 2LiCl + CaCO3

Explanation:

For a reaction to be double displacement reaction there are two things we need to look for

1) There must be an interchange of the group of ions

2) The reactants must dissolve in water to release ions

A. 2RbNO3 + BeF2 yields Be(NO3)2 + 2RbF

2Rb+ + NO3- + Be^2+ + 2F- → Be(NO₃)₂ + 2RbF

This is correct

B. CaCl + LiCO3 yields CaCO3 + LiCl

This is not correct

The correct equation is:

CaCl2 + Li2CO3  → Ca2+ + 2Cl- + 2Li+ + CO3^2-  → 2LiCl + CaCO3

C. Na3PO4 + 3KOH yields 3NaOH + K3PO4

3Na+ + PO4^3- + 3K+ + 3OH- → 3NaOH + K3PO4

This is correct

D. 2MgI2 + Mn(SO3)2 yields 2MgSO3 + MnI4

2Mg^2+ + 4I- + Mn^4+ + 2SO3^2- → 2 MgSO3 + MnI4

This is correct

Answer: One (1) electron

Explanation:

Lithium is a group 1 element with an atomic number of 3. Thus, it has just 3 electrons and its electronic configuration is 1s2, 2s1

To become lithium ion salts, it gives off its lone electron thereby becoming Li+ with configuration of 1s2 with just 2 electrons left.

So, Li atom loses only ONE ELECTRON to become an ion

Answer:

Which are positive?  D.

Which are negative? A. B. C.

Explanation:

Generally, entropy can be defined as the degree of randomness of a system. The entropy of any system increases with an increase in the number of moles of the system. Entropy also increases when there is a change of state from solid to liquid or liquid to gas. Therefore for the systems in the given question:

A pond freezes in winter

The degree of disorderliness decrease because there is a change of state from liquid to solid. Thus, ΔSsys is negative.

Atmospheric CO2 dissolves in the ocean

There is also decrease in randomness, thus, ΔSsys is negative.

An apple tree bears fruit

There is also decrease in randomness, thus, ΔSsys is negative.

A pond freezes in winter, atmospheric CO2 dissolves in the ocean, and an apple tree bears fruit are negative changes in Delta S.

Delta S is a measurement used in thermodynamics to calculate the modifications in the level of entropy.

In conclusion, a pond freezes in winter, atmospheric CO2 dissolves in the ocean, and an apple tree bears fruit are negative changes in Delta S.

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Wind speed is unrelated to the amount of water vapour in the sample of moist air.

Answer: Option E

Explanation:

As the sample of moist air is combination of water vapour mixed with air molecules, there will be no generation of wind in the moist air. But there will be change in the pressure and temperature when water vapours or moisture mixes with air molecules.

As water is having high density compared to air molecules, the pressure will be changed in moist air. So, the amount of water vapour in the moist air sample can measure by relative difference in pressure, temperature, vapour density and volume with air molecules in general.

Answer:

Answer E

Explanation:

Answer:

The answer to your question is Aluminum

Explanation:

Number of clues

1.- If this element has 3 rings in its Bohr model, we are looking for and element located in the third period of the periodic table.

For example Sodium, Magnesium, Aluminum, Silicate, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Chlorine and, Argon.

2.- It makes three bonds to become stable, then we are looking for and element located in the third group like

 Boron, Aluminum,  Gallium, Indium, etc

Conclusion

The element that has both characteristics is Aluminum

Answer:

Reaction 1 is balanced but 2 is not balanced , the balance equation are :

1. [tex]CH_{3}COOH(aq) + NaHCO_{3}(aq)\rightarrow CO_{2}(g) + H_{2}O(l) + CH_{3}COONa(aq)[/tex]

2.[tex]CaCl_{2}(aq) + 2NaHCO_{3}(aq)\rightarrow CaCO_{3}(aq) + H_{2}O(l) + 2NaCl(aq) + H_{2}O(aq)[/tex]

Explanation:

Balanced Equations : These are the equation which follows the law of conservation of mass .

The total number of atoms present in reactant is equal to total number of atoms present in product.

1. [tex]CH_{3}COOH(aq) + NaHCO_{3}(aq)\rightarrow CO_{2}(g) + H_{2}O(l) + CH_{3}COONa(aq)[/tex]

This is acid - base type reaction where

[tex]CH_{3}COOH(aq)[/tex] act as Acid

[tex] NaHCO_{3}(aq)[/tex] act as weak base

Reactant :[tex]CH_{3}COOH(aq)[/tex] ,[tex]NaHCO_{3}[/tex]

Number of atoms of :

C = 2 ([tex]CH_{3}COOH(aq)[/tex]) + 1 ([tex]NaHCO_{3}[/tex])

   = 2 + 1

   = 3

H  = 4([tex]CH_{3}COOH(aq)[/tex]) + 1 ([tex]NaHCO_{3}[/tex])

     = 4 + 1

       5

O = 2([tex]CH_{3}COOH(aq)[/tex]) + 3 ([tex]NaHCO_{3}[/tex])

    = 5

Na = 1 ([tex]NaHCO_{3}[/tex])

     = 1

Product :  [tex]CO_{2}(g)[/tex],[tex]H_{2}O(l)[/tex] , [tex]CH_{3}COONa(aq)[/tex]

Number of atoms :

C = 1([tex]CO_{2}(g)[/tex]) + 2([tex]CH_{3}COONa(aq)[/tex])

   = 1 + 2

   = 3

H = 2([tex]H_{2}O(l)[/tex]) + 3([tex]CH_{3}COONa(aq)[/tex])

   = 2 + 3

   = 5

O = 1([tex]H_{2}O(l)[/tex]) + 2([tex]CH_{3}COONa(aq)[/tex])

        +2([tex]CO_{2}(g)[/tex]

    = 1 + 2 + 2

    = 5

Na = 1([tex]CH_{3}COONa(aq)[/tex]

     = 1

Number of Na =1 , C = 3 , H= 5 and O =5 in both reactant and product , so it is a balanced reaction

2.[tex]CaCl_{2}(aq) + 2NaHCO_{3}(aq)\rightarrow CaCO_{3}(aq) + H_{2}O(l) + 2NaCl(aq) + CO_{2}(g)[/tex]

This is double displacement reaction .

Check the balancing in both reactant and products should be :

Na = 2

H = 2

Ca = 1

C = 2

O = 6

Cl = 2

Answer:

14. B    15. D    16. C     17. B

Explanation:

The spontaneous reaction that occurs when the cell operates is shown below:

[tex]2Ag^{+} + Cd_{(s)}[/tex] ⇒[tex]2Ag_{(s)} + Cd^{2+}[/tex]

We need to select the correct option from the list below for the following questions.

(A) Voltage increases. (B) Voltage decreases but remains > zero. (C) Voltage becomes zero and remains at zero. (D) No change in voltage occurs. (E) Direction of voltage change cannot be predicted without additional information.

14. A 50-milliliter sample of a 2-molar [tex]Cd(NO_{3})_{2}[/tex] solution is added to the left beaker.

If a 50-milliliter sample of a 2-molar [tex]Cd(NO_{3})_{2}[/tex]  solution is added to the left beaker, the voltage decreases but its value remains greater than zero. The correct option is B

15. The silver electrode is made larger.

If the silver electrode is made larger, no change in the value of the voltage since we don't have the idea of the initial value. The correct option is D.

16. The salt bridge is replaced by a platinum wire.

If the salt bridge is replaced by a platinum wire, there will be no passage of electrons because electrons can't pass through a platinum wire. Therefore, the voltage will be zero and remains at zero. The correct option is C.

17. Current is allowed to flow for 5 minutes.

If current is allowed to flow for 5 minutes, the voltage decreases but its value remains greater than zero. The correct option is B.

A galvanic cell produces energy by a spontaneous redox reaction.

In galvanic or voltaic cell, energy is produced via a spontaneous redox reaction. The redox reaction equation of this reaction is;  2Ag^+ + Cd(s) ---> 2 Ag(s) + Cd^2+.

The answers to the questions are as follows;

14) When we add 50-milliliter sample of a 2-molar solution of cadmium nitrate, the voltage will decrease but remains greater than zero.

15) The voltage will remain the same after the increase in the size of the silver electrode because its initial value is unknown.

16) The voltage will remain at zero if the salt bridge is replaced by a platinum wire since current can not pass through

17) The voltage will decrease if current flows for five minutes.

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To find the partial pressure of Ne in the sample, subtract the sum of the partial pressures of the other gases from the total pressure.

To find the partial pressure of Ne in the sample, we need to first determine the partial pressures of all the gases in the mixture. The total pressure in the container is 1355 mm Hg. The partial pressures given are: He (43 mm Hg), Ar (835 mm Hg), and Xe (111 mm Hg).

To find the partial pressure of Ne, we need to subtract the sum of the partial pressures of the other gases from the total pressure.

Partial pressure of Ne = Total pressure - (Partial pressure of He + Partial pressure of Ar + Partial pressure of Xe).

Answer:

a abd b

Explanation:

Answer:

all of them

Explanation:

correct on edge

Explanation:

An alpha particles is basically a helium nucleus and it contains 2 protons and 2 neutrons.  

Symbol of an alpha particle is [tex]^{4}_{2}\alpha[/tex].

A beta particle is a particle with a negatively charged electron. Symbol of a beta particle is [tex]^{0}_{-1}\beta[/tex].

According to the given question, the decay series chart along with reaction equation are as follows.

(a)  Lead-214 changes to bismuth-214.

        [tex]^{214}_{82}Pb \rightarrow ^{214}_{83}Bi + ^{0}_{-1}e[/tex]

(b)  Bismuth-214 changes to polonium-214.

        [tex]^{214}_{83}Bi \rightarrow ^{214}_{84}Po + ^{0}_{-1}e[/tex]

(c)  Polonium-214 changes to lead-210.

         [tex]^{214}_{84}Po \rightarrow ^{210}_{82} + ^{4}_{2}He[/tex]

Therefore, we can conclude that proper order of nuclear particle emission is beta, beta, alpha.

Answer:

It is called an antidiurectic hormone

Hydrogen is unique due to several factors: it doesn't belong definitively to any group, its electron is unshielded from its nucleus, it is the lightest element, it exists as a diatomic gas at room temperature, and it exhibits properties of both alkali metals and halogens.

Hydrogen is indeed unique among the elements for several reasons. Firstly, it is not really a member of any particular group on the periodic table. It is often placed with Group 1A (the alkali metals) because it has one electron in its outer shell like them, but it also exhibits properties similar to Group 7A (the halogens), as it needs one more electron to complete its shell. Secondly, its electron is not at all shielded from its nucleus, resulting in an unusual level of interaction between the two. Thirdly, hydrogen is the lightest element, which impacts its physical and chemical properties. Fourthly, it is the only element to exist at room temperature as a diatomic gas; in its natural state, hydrogen gas (H2) is made up of two hydrogen atoms bonded together. Finally, as already mentioned, it shares chemical properties with both alkali metals and halogens.

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Answer:

B. It has a stable octet and is unreactive.

Explanation:

s orbital contains 2 electrons and p contains 6. When the outermost energy level of an element has a total of 8 electrons we call it stable octet and it is unreactive. Therefore the answer is B

Answer:

B.

Explanation:

For example the element with configuration

1s2 2s2 2p6 which is Neon, an inert.

It has a stable 8 electrons in its outermost shell which makes it stable.

When reacting with an atom of fluorine, an atom of lithium will lose an electron and become a lithium ion.

Answer: Option D

Explanation:

Most of the chemical reactions or diffusion occurs by transfer of electrons among the elements combining to form a material. So depending on the type of bonding existed in any molecule, the strength of the bonding and its directionality can be measured.

Basically two or mole elements combine to form a compound and in this process, one of the element need to give some amount of electron to the other elements. And this transfer of electrons can be known from their oxidation state. As the element is giving or taking an electron from/to other element, that corresponding donating element and receiving element will be termed as ions from atoms.

So, the element which has the tendency to give electron easily will form positive ions and similarly, the element which is known for attracting electrons towards itself is termed as negative ions. So in this case, on reaction of fluorine with lithium, the lithium will lose an electron and become a lithium ion.

Answer: atoms

Explanation:

All matter is made up of smaller indivisible particles called atoms. These atoms are the smallest units of matter ACCORDING to the Dalton's Atomic theory.

Molecules are combined atoms, while cells and phospholipids are complex combination of atoms.

Therefore, atoms is the answer

To calculate the volume of silver nitrate solution required to precipitate all the Cl- ions as AgCl, use the concentration of Cl- ions in the solution and the stoichiometric ratio between Ag+ and Cl- ions. The volume of solution is equal to the volume of the silver nitrate solution.

To calculate the volume of a 0.22 M silver nitrate solution required to precipitate all the Cl- ions as AgCl, we need to determine the stoichiometric ratio between Ag+ and Cl- ions in the reaction. Since the balanced equation is Ag+ + Cl- → AgCl, the ratio is 1:1. We can use the concentration of Cl- ions in the solution to determine the volume of the silver nitrate solution needed.

The concentration of Cl- ions in the solution is reduced to half its initial value when AgNO3 and NaCl solutions are mixed. Given a concentration of 2.0 × 10^-4 M, after mixing, it becomes 1.0 × 10^-4 M. To calculate the volume of silver nitrate solution required, we can use the following equation:

Volume (L) = moles of Cl-/concentration of Cl-

Let's assume the volume of silver nitrate solution required is V liters: V = (moles of Cl-) / (1.0 × 10^-4 M)

To determine the moles of Cl-, we can use the equation:

moles of Cl- = concentration of Cl- × volume of solution (in liters)

Substituting the given concentration and volume:

moles of Cl- = 1.0 × 10^-4 M × V

Now, substituting the value of moles of Cl- in the volume equation:

V = (1.0 × 10^-4 M × V) / (1.0 × 10^-4 M)

This simplifies to V = V, meaning the volume of silver nitrate solution required to precipitate all the Cl- ions is equal to the volume of the solution.

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To precipitate all the Cl- ions in a 0.22 M silver nitrate solution as AgCl, an equal volume of the solution is required.

In order to determine the volume of a 0.22 M silver nitrate solution required to precipitate all the Cl- ions as AgCl, we can use stoichiometry. The equation for the reaction is:

Ag+ + Cl- → AgCl

From the balanced equation, we can see that 1 mole of AgCl is formed for every 1 mole of Cl- ions. Given the concentration of the silver nitrate solution, we can use the equation M1V1 = M2V2 to solve for the volume of the solution required.

Let V be the volume of the silver nitrate solution. Using the equation M1V1 = M2V2:

(0.22 M)(V) = (0.22 M)(V/2)

Simplifying the equation, we get:

V = V/2

Therefore, in order to precipitate all the Cl- ions, you would need to use an equal volume of the silver nitrate solution.

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The question is incomplete, here is a complete question.

Categorize each reaction into types of chemical reactions.

(1) [tex]NaCl(aq)+AgNO_3(aq)\rightarrow AgCl(s)+NaNO_3(aq)[/tex]

(2) [tex]H_2SO_4(aq)+2LiOH(aq)\rightarrow 2H_2O(l)+Li_2SO_4(aq)[/tex]

(3) [tex]HCl(aq)+(NH_4)_2S(aq)\rightarrow H_2S(g)+2NH_4Cl(aq)[/tex]

(4) [tex]Mg(s)+Cu(NO_3)_2(aq)\rightarrow Mg(NO_3)_2(aq)+Cu(s)[/tex]

Answer :

(1) Precipitation reaction

(2) Neutralization reaction

(3) Double-displacement reaction

(4) Single replacement reaction

Explanation :

(1) The balanced chemical reaction is:

[tex]NaCl(aq)+AgNO_3(aq)\rightarrow AgCl(s)+NaNO_3(aq)[/tex]

This reaction is a precipitation reaction in which an insoluble salt formed when two aqueous solutions are combined.  The insoluble salt that settle down in the solution is known an precipitate.

(2) The balanced chemical reaction is:

[tex]H_2SO_4(aq)+2LiOH(aq)\rightarrow 2H_2O(l)+Li_2SO_4(aq)[/tex]

This is a neutralization reaction in which an acid react with a base react to give salt and water as a product that means it reacts to give a neutral solution.

(3) The balanced chemical reaction is:

[tex]HCl(aq)+(NH_4)_2S(aq)\rightarrow H_2S(g)+2NH_4Cl(aq)[/tex]

The given reaction is a double-displacement reaction in which the cation of two reactants molecule exchange their places to give two different products.

(4) The balanced chemical reaction is:

[tex]Mg(s)+Cu(NO_3)_2(aq)\rightarrow Mg(NO_3)_2(aq)+Cu(s)[/tex]

This reaction is a single replacement reaction in which the the more reactive element replace the less reactive element.

Answer:

Answer in explanation

Explanation:

The similarity between binary ionic and binary covalent substances is that they both contain only 2 elements each. This means there are two elements in the configuration of both. That is the similarity between them

Now the first difference I will like to mention is the way in which they are bonded. While ionic substances are formed through the transfer of electrons, covalent substances are formed through the sharing of electrons. This means that an element with an excess number of electrons transfer completely a number of electrons to an element that is deficient in electrons. This can be seen in the case of sodium and chlorine. The electron that is transferred is controlled only by the nucleus of the second electron. In the covalent bonding however, the electrons are shared and the electrons shared are controlled by the nuclei of both elements

Another difference is that while binary ionic compounds might dissolve only in polar solvents such as water, binary covalent compounds might only dissolve in non polar solvents such as benzene.

Answer:

Similarity: they involve the presence of both a cation and an anion.

Differences:

1. Electron giving is done in ionic compounds and electrons sharing is done in covalent compounds.

2. Stronger interactions in ionic compounds while weak interactions in covalent compounds.

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, one similarity present between ionic and covalent compounds is that both of them involve the presence of both a cation and an anion which are positive and negative respectively; this is in order to allow the contituents to gather by bonding either ionically or covalently.

On the flip side, on the difference is that ionic compounds involve the giving of electrons since usually just the anion attain the octet while the covelent compounds allow electron sharing to allow both the cation and the anion to attain the octet.

Nevertheless, despite the electron sharing and giving fact, ionic compounds have stronger interactions bonding the cation and the anion than those covalent compounds have. Ionic interactions are electrostatic and covalent interactions are attractive which are by far weaker than those electrostatic.

Best regards.

B

The emission spectrum of an element is identical to its absorption spectrum.

Explanation:

This is because a quantum leap  of an electron of an atom from one lower energy level to a higher one results in the absorption of a specific wavelength of electromagnetic radiation. When the electron leaps back to the lower energy level, it releases the same wavelength of electromagnetic radiation. This is according to Bohr's theory. Every atom has a signature absorption and emission spectra that are used to identify it.

Learn More:

For more on Bohr theory of the atom check out;

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