Answer:
1) both velocity and acceleration at x = λ /2 are 0
2)maximum velocity at x=λ /4 is -2Aω
maximum acceleration at x=λ /4 is Aω²
3)maximum velocity at x=λ /8 is √2Aω
maximum acceleration at x=λ /8 is (-Aω²/√2)
Explanation:
When a string is tied at both ends and vibrated, we get standing waves.
The general form of standing wave is,
y(x,t) = 2A×sin(kx)×cos(ωt) (displacement of string at x and at time t)
where, A = amplitude of wave
ω = 2πv , v = frequency of the wave
k = 2π/λ ; λ = wavelength of wave
Speed V = ω/k.
Now, differentiating y(x,t) by once with t gives velocity
⇒V(x,t) = -2Aω×sin(kx)×sin(ωt)
And differentiating once again gives acceleration
a(x,t) = -Aω²×sin(kx)×cos(ωt)
1) x= λ/2
⇒V(x,t) = -2Aω×sin(k(λ /2))×sin(ωt)
= -2Aω×sin(π)×sin(ωt)
= 0
a(x,t) = -Aω²×sin(kx)×cos(ωt)
⇒ a(x,t) = -Aω²×sin(k(λ /2))×cos(ωt)
= -Aω²×sin(π)×cos(ωt)
= 0
2) x= λ /4
⇒V(x,t) = -2Aω×sin(kx)×sin(ωt)
= -2Aω×sin(k(λ /4))×sin(ωt)
= -2Aω×sin(π/2)×sin(ωt)
= -2Aω sin(ωt)
⇒ maximum velocity at x=λ /4 is -2Aω (minimum sin value is -1)
a(x,t) = -Aω²×sin(kx)×cos(ωt)
= -Aω²×cos(ωt)
⇒ maximum acceleration at x=λ /4 is Aω² (minimum cos value is -1)
3) x= λ /8
⇒V(x,t) = -2Aω×sin(kx)×sin(ωt)
= -√2Aω×sin(ωt)
⇒ maximum velocity at x=λ /8 is √2Aω (minimum sin value is -1)
a(x,t) = -Aω²×sin(kx)×cos(ωt)
= (-Aω²/√2) × cos(ωt)
⇒ maximum acceleration at x=λ /8 is (-Aω²/√2) (minimum cos value is -1)
The velocity perpendicular to the radius vector is called the transverse velocity. The transverse acceleration is the acceleration produced by an inertial force acting across the body. The expression for the maximum transverse velocity and acceleration has been obtained for given values of x.
Given information-A horizontal string tied at both ends is vibrating in its fundamental mode.
Transverse velocityVelocity perpendicular to the radius vector is called the transverse velocity.
The formula for the maximum transverse velocity can be given as,
[tex]V_m=-2A\omega\sin(kx)\times \sin(\omega t)[/tex]
Transverse accelerationTransverse acceleration is the acceleration produced by an inertial force acting across the body.
[tex]a_m=-A\omega^2 \sin(kx)\times \cos(\omega t)[/tex]
1) Maximum transverse velocity and maximum transverse acceleration when x is equal to the [tex]\lambda/2 [/tex] -[tex]V_m=-2A\omega\sin(k\dfrac{\lambda}{y} )\times \sin(\omega t)\\ V_m=-2A\omega\sin(\pi )\times \sin(\omega t)\\ V_m=0[/tex]
[tex]a_m=-A\omega^2 \sin(k\dfrac{\lambda}{2} )\times \cos(\omega t)\\ a_m=-A\omega^2 \sin(\pi )\times \cos(\omega t)\\ a_m=0[/tex]
2) Maximum transverse velocity and maximum transverse acceleration when x is equal to the [tex]\lambda/4 [/tex] -[tex]V_m=-2A\omega\sin(k\dfrac{\lambda}{4} )\times \sin(\omega t)\\ V_m=-2A\omega\sin(\dfrac{\pi}{2} )\times \sin(\omega t)\\ V_m=-2A\omega \times \sin(\omega t)\\ [/tex]
[tex]a_m=-A\omega^2 \sin(k\dfrac{\lambda}{4} )\times \cos(\omega t)\\ a_m=-A\omega^2 \sin(\dfrac{\pi}{2} )\times \cos(\omega t)\\ a_m=-A\omega^2 \times \cos(\omega t)\\[/tex]
3) Maximum transverse velocity and maximum transverse acceleration when x is equal to the [tex]\lambda/3 [/tex] -[tex]V_m=-2A\omega\sin(k\dfrac{\lambda}{8} )\times \sin(\omega t)\\ V_m=-{\sqrt{2} }{A\omega\times \sin(\omega t)} \\ [/tex]
[tex]a_m=-A\omega^2 \sin(k\dfrac{\lambda}{4} )\times \cos(\omega t)\\ a_m=\dfrac{-A\omega^2\times \cos(\omega t)}{\sqrt{2} } \\ [/tex]
Thus the maximum transverse velocity and maximum transverse acceleration at given points has been obtained.
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In the circuit shown in the figure (in this picture), the reading on ammeter A1 is 0.4A and that on ammeter A2 is 0.64A. R1 is the internal resistance of the battery. Using the given data, calculate:
a) The resistance of R5
b) The potential difference across the terminals of the battery
c) The value of the internal resistance R1.
Answer:
(a) [tex]R_5=9\ \Omega[/tex]
(b) Potential Difference = 11.584 V
(c) [tex]R_1=0.40\ \Omega[/tex]
Explanation:
Given:
[tex]\textrm{Current in A₁,}I_1=0.4\ A\\\textrm{Current in A₂,}I_2=0.64\ A\\R_2=5.6\ \Omega\\R_3=6.2\ \Omega\\R_4=8.2\ \Omega\\\textrm{EMF of the battery,}E= 12 V[/tex]
(a)
The resistances [tex]R_3\ and\ R_4[/tex] are in series. So, equivalent resistance is the sum of the two.
[tex]R_s=R_3+R_4=8.2+6.2=14.4\ \Omega[/tex]
Now, [tex]R_s\ and\ R_5[/tex] are in parallel. So, potential difference across both the terminals is same. Therefore,
[tex]I_1R_s=I_2R_5\\\\R_5=\frac{I_1}{I_2}R_s\\\\R_5=\frac{0.4}{0.64}\times 14.4=9\ \Omega[/tex]
(c)
Now, since the resistances are in parallel, the equivalent resistance is given as:
[tex]\frac{1}{R_p}=\frac{1}{R_s}+\frac{1}{R_5}\\\\R_p=\frac{R_s\times R_5}{R_s+R_5}\\\\R_p=\frac{14.4\times 9}{14.4+9}\\\\R_p=\frac{129.6}{23.4}=5.54\ \Omega[/tex]
Now, resistances [tex]R_1,R_2\ and\ R_p[/tex] are in series. Therefore, equivalent resistance is given as:
[tex]R_{eq}=R_1+R_2+R_p\\R_{eq}=R_1+5.6+5.54\\R_{eq}=R_1+11.14-----1[/tex]
Now, from Ohm's law, we know that,
[tex]E=(I_1+I_2)R_{eq}\\\\R_{eq}=\frac{E}{I_1+I_2}\\\\R_{eq}=\frac{12}{0.4+0.64}\\\\R_{eq}=11.54\ \Omega[/tex]
Plug in [tex]R_{eq}[/tex] value in equation (1). This gives,
[tex]11.54=R_1+11.14\\R_1=11.54-11.14=0.40\ \Omega[/tex]
(b)
Now, potential difference across the terminals of the battery is given as:
[tex]V=E-(I_1+I_2)R_1\\V=12-(0.4+0.64)0.4\\V=12-0.416=11.584\ V[/tex]
On April 15, 1912, the luxury cruise liner Titanic sank after running into an iceberg. What was the cruise liner’s speed when it collided with the iceberg if it had a mass of 4.23 x 108 kg ship and a momentum of 4.9 x 109 kg·m/s?
The cruise liner’s speed when it collided with the iceberg if it had a mass of 4.23 x 108 kg ship and a momentum of 4.9 x 109 kg·m/s is v= 11.584 m/s
Explanation:
Given :
The cruise liner’s speed when it collided with the iceberg has a
Mass (m) = 4.23 x 108 kg and
Momentum (p) = 4.9 x 109 kg m/s
To calculate the momentum,
We need to use the formula of a momentum
Momentum = Mass x Velocity ( p = m v )
as we need to find the velocity the formula becomes
velocity = momentum / mass
v = p / m
= (4.9 x 109 kg m/s) / (4.23 x 108 kg)
v= 11.584 m/s
The loudness of sound is determined by the _______ of vibration
Final answer:
The loudness of a sound is primarily determined by the amplitude of the sound wave, where larger amplitudes result in louder sounds. This is measured in decibels (dB). The perceived loudness also depends on the force of vibration and the frequency sensitivity of the human ear.
Explanation:
The loudness of sound is determined by the amplitude of vibration. The amplitude, or height of the sound wave, dictates how much energy it carries, subsequently influencing its perceived loudness or volume.
A wave with a larger amplitude carries more energy, resulting in a louder sound, while a smaller amplitude corresponds to a softer sound. This is why sound C in a diagram with higher amplitude waves is louder than sound B with lower amplitude waves.
Loudness is often measured in decibels (dB), with larger waves and consequently greater amplitudes reflected in higher decibel levels. As an example, a typical conversation may measure around 60 decibels, considerably louder than a faint whisper at 30 decibels, illustrating the impact of amplitude on the loudness of sounds we encounter daily.
However, the strength of the sensation, or intensity, also plays a role, mainly governed by the force behind the vibrating body - more force results in a wider vibration and greater intensity.
Yet, the ear's sensitivity to different frequencies also affects perceived loudness; we may perceive sounds as louder if they are within the frequency range where the ear is most sensitive.
Read the following excerpt about water availability to living organisms.
“Water covers 75 percent of Earth. 97 percent of water on Earth is salt water. Only 3 percent of water is available as fresh water, but most of this water is locked up in solid glaciers and polar ice caps.”
Based on this information, which is the best approximation of the amount of water on the planet that is available for animals to drink?
1 percent
3 percent
10 percent
75 percent
Answer:
1 percent
Explanation:
It says that only 3 percent of the water is fresh. So it can be 1 percent or 3 percent. But then it says that most of the water is locked up in glaciers and polar ice caps. So the animals would have a hard time getting to this water. So the rest is available for them. Approximately 1 percent is most reasonable.
Answer:
1 percent (A)
What type of energy is elastic energy?
Answer:
it is potential energy
Explanation:
There is no movement taking place, so it can't be kinetic. There are no chemical reactions, so it isn't chemical energy, and gravity does not take part in the stretching of a rubber band. The stretched spring or rubber band has lots of energy ready to go at any point, but it is not being used at the moment, so it is potential energy.
Culture creates the context for behavior in society,
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
OT
OF
Answer:
its true on practice test ed
Explanation:
Culture creates the context for behavior in society. Culture plays a major role in the lives of everyone living in the society. The given statement is true.
What is the effect of culture over behavior?Culture is such a powerful influence on the outlooks and behaviors which often we are not even aware of it, instead of believing the perspectives are just the way things are. In the context of increasingly diverse classroom settings, such as the unexamined beliefs can lead to avoidable conflict and a loss of valuable things.
A culture creates the context for behavior through the reinforcements and punishments which it provides for each discrete behavior. By shaping the behaviors, cultures that reaffirm acceptable behavior and discourage deviant behavior.
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An example of an atom that has no charge is one that has
A. 3 protons, 2 electrons, and 1 neutron.
B. 1 proton, 2 electrons, and 3 neutrons.
C. 2 protons, 2 electrons, and 1 neutron.
D. 3 protons, 1 electron, and 3 neutrons.
Answer:
2 protons, 2 electrons and 1 neutron
Explanation:
Which of the following is a condition where someone lacks sufficient healthy red blood cells to bring enough oxygen to their tissues?
A.
Anemia
B.
Hemophilia
C.
Cardiogenic shock
D.
None of the above
Answer:
A Anemia
Explanation:
Anemia is a condition in which you lack enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to your body's tissues. Having anemia can make you feel tired and weak. There are many forms of anemia, each with its own cause. Anemia can be temporary or long term, and it can range from mild to severe.
Select the correct answer.
The sun generates both mechanical and electromagnetic waves. Which statement about those
he sun generates both mechanical and
ecdo no
A.
The mechanical waves reach Earth, while the electromagnetic waves do not.
B.
The electromagnetic waves reach Earth, while the mechanical waves do not.
C. Both the mechanical waves and the electromagnetic waves reach Earth.
D. Neither the mechanical waves nor the electromagnetic waves reach Earth.
Please help!!!!!!
Answer: The electromagnetic waves reach Earth, while the mechanical waves do not.
Explanation:
Answer:
(B) The electromagnetic waves reach Earth, while the mechanical waves do not.
Explanation:
Electromagnetic waves do not require material medium for their propagation, so it will reach the Earth. Mechanical waves require material medium for their propagation, so mechanical waves will not reach Earth.
Therefore, the correct option is B "The electromagnetic waves reach Earth, while the mechanical waves do not".
Sonja is riding her bike. She takes her feet
off the pedals to freewheel down a hill.
Describe the energy transfers that take place as the bike travels down the hill,
Ignore friction and air resistance.
Gravitational potential energy is converted into kinetic energy
Explanation:
There are two forms of energy involved in the situation described in the problem:
Gravitational potential energy: it is the energy possessed by a body due to its position in the gravitational field. Near the Earth surface, it is given by [tex]U=mgh[/tex], where m is the mass of the body, g is the acceleration of gravity, h is the height of the object from the groundKinetic energy: it is the energy possessed by a body due to its motion. It is given by [tex]K=\frac{1}{2}mv^2[/tex], where m is the mass of the body and v its speed.In this problem, Sonja and the bike starts from the top of the hill and they ride downhill. As they go downhill, their altitude from the ground (h) decreases, so their gravitational potential energy decreases; at the same time, since the total energy is conserved (in absence of friction or air resistance), the speed of the bike and Sonja increases, and their kinetic energy increases. Therefore, there is a conversion of energy from gravitational potential to kinetic.
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define thermodynamics ???
Answer:
The term thermodynamics comes from the Greek words therme (heat) and dynamis (force)
Explanation:
Thermodynamics can be defined as the science of energy. Thought everything the world has an idea of what energy is, it's hard to define it precisely.
Energy can be considered as the ability to cause change.
The term thermodynamics comes from the Greek words therme (heat) and dynamis (force), which corresponds to the most descriptive of the first efforts to convert heat into energy. At present, the concept is interpret broadly to include Energy Aspects and their transformations, including power generation, cooling and relationships among the properties of matter.
The study of thermodynamics examines how heat, work, temperature, and energy are related. The general topic of thermodynamics is the transfer of energy from one location or form to another.
The fundamental idea is that heat is a type of energy that is equivalent to a specific quantity of mechanical labor.
Although the necessity to improve the performance of steam engines prompted the fast development of thermodynamics throughout the 19th century, the principles of thermodynamics are so broadly generic that they apply to all physical and biological systems.
The rules of thermodynamics, in particular, provide a thorough explanation of all changes in a system's energy state and its capacity to do beneficial work on its surroundings.
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Vectors and 2-D kinematics
Dx= 7.14m and Dy = -7.55m
What is the direction and magnitude of the vector
Answer:
10.39 OR 10.4 m at 46.6° downward or clockwise with +xaxis or 313.4° in anticlockwise direction with + X-axis
Explanation:
D = SQUARE ROOT OF(7.14^2 +(-7.55)^2)
D = 10.39 m
as Dx is positive and Dy IS NEGATIVE hence vector is in 4 th quadrant
tan α= 7.55/7-14
= 1.057
α = 46.6° downward or clockwise with +xaxis
or α =313.4° in anticlockwise direction with + X-axis
Before building the Millennium Bridge in London, Engineers used computer simulations of many bridge design elements. The simulations allowed engineers to see how successful different designs would be. The use of computer simulations to help solve problems is best described as
A) a model.
B) an inference.
C) an experiment.
D) an observation.
Answer:
Option A
A model
Explanation:
Modelling is the process where the designer simulate elements that resemble the actual product and put on a scale that the computers can easily simulate and then the simulations are related directly to the actual product. The use of computer simulations to help solve problems is known as modelling since it uses a model.
Final answer:
The use of computer simulations in engineering, such as for bridge design, is characterized as a model. These simulation models are used for testing hypotheses and making predictions, acting as pivotal tools in design and decision-making processes.
Explanation:
The use of computer simulations, such as the ones employed in designing the Millennium Bridge in London, is best described as a model. These simulation models use numerical techniques to visualize and analyze complex relationships and scenarios in various designs and systems. They are built around hypotheses and can be used to test these hypotheses, as well as to make predictions about the system under study. Moreover, simulations are a substitute for experimentation and the results should be verified through experimentation or observational data.
Computer models, which have been verified against data, are incredibly useful in aiding decision-making processes, including those in engineering. For instance, they help in modeling high-altitude winds for planning airliner flight paths or storm paths for emergency procedures, as well as designing solutions to reduce friction or drag, such as in making cars more fuel-efficient. Therefore, a computer simulation in engineering functions both as a predictive tool and a virtual experiment.
if the volume of a scuba tank filled with air remains constant and its temperature goes down, what happens to its pressure?
Answer:
Decreases
Explanation:
Ideal gas law:
PV = nRT
where P is absolute pressure,
V is volume,
n is number of moles,
R is gas constant,
and T is absolute temperature.
If V is constant and T decreases, then P must decrease.
In accordance with Boyle's Law, if the volume of a scuba tank remains constant and its temperature decreases, then the pressure of the air within the tank would increase. This principle is applied in underwater activities to ensure safe ascension and descension by divers.
Explanation:The scenario you're describing falls under the principles of Boyle's law in physics, which applies to scenarios where gases are held at a constant volume. Boyle's law states that the pressure and temperature of a gas have an inverse relationship when held at a constant volume. If we apply this to your question, it implies that if the volume of air in the scuba tank remains constant and its temperature decreases, the pressure within the tank would increase.
For instance, if divers descend into the deep waters, the increase in water pressure compresses the air pocket within the scuba tank, and this increase in pressure subsequently raises the tank's temperature. A reverse scenario will occur during ascent. As divers begin to ascend and water pressure reduces, the air pocket within the scuba tank expands, resulting in a decrease in pressure, subsequently causing the tank's temperature to decrease as well.
The relationship between temperature, volume, and pressure is crucial in subaquatic activities to prevent potential mishaps like ruptured lungs or eardrums due to rapid pressure change.
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A ball is rolled at an initial speed of 5 m/s and finishes a certain distance at a speed of 7 m/s. if the ball rolled for 9 seconds then how long was this distance that the ball rolled?
Answer:
The ball rolled a distance of 54 m.
Explanation:
Given:
Initial velocity of the ball is, [tex]u=5\ m/s[/tex]
Final velocity of the ball is, [tex]v=7\ m/s[/tex]
Time for rolling is, [tex]t=9\ s[/tex]
The distance of rolling is, [tex]S=?[/tex]
First, let us find the acceleration of the ball using Newton's equation of motion as:
[tex]v=u+at\\a=\frac{v-u}{t}\\a=\frac{7-5}{9}=\frac{2}{9}\ m/s^2[/tex]
Now, displacement of the ball can be determined using the following equation of motion:
[tex]v^2=u^2+2aS[/tex]
Rewriting the above in terms of 'S', we get
[tex]S=\frac{v^2-u^2}{2a}[/tex]
Plug in the known values and solve for 'S'. This gives,
[tex]S=\frac{7^2-5^2}{2\times \frac{2}{9}}\\\\S=\frac{49-25}{\frac{4}{9}}\\\\S=\frac{9\times 24}{4}\\\\S=9\times 6=54\ m[/tex]
Therefore, the ball rolled a distance of 54 m.
If a box is not accelerating on a slope of 20 degrees, what is the net Force acting on the box?
If it is accelerating, what is the net Force?
Answer:
The net force is zero, if there is not external forces. The net force if the body is accelerating will be the product of the mass by the acceleration.
Explanation:
If the box does not accelerate, there are two possible options, either the box moves at constant velocity or does not receive any external force to alter its balance.
Newton's Second Law, also known as the Fundamental Law of dynamics, determines a proportional relationship between Force and variation of the amount of motion or linear moment of a body. In other words, The Force is directly proportional to the mass and acceleration of a body.
[tex]F=m*a\\where:\\m= mass [kg]\\a=acceleration[m/s^2][/tex]
[tex]0=m*a\\a=0[m/s^2][/tex]
If there are forces acting on the body and these forces are not in balance the body will move with a resulting force equal to the product of mass by acceleration.
[tex]F_{net} =m*a[/tex]
i drop an egg from a certain distance and it takes the egg 3.74 seconds to reach the ground. How high up was the egg?
A. - 34.3m
B. 68.6m
C. 34.3m
D. - 68.6m
Answer:
B. 68.6m
Explanation:
Free Fall Motion
When a body is left to move in the air with no friction, the motion is ruled only by the force of gravity. The vertical distance a body travels in the air after a time t is .
[tex]\displaystyle y=\frac{gt^2}{2}[/tex]
We know the egg takes 3.74 seconds to reach the ground. The height it was launched from is
[tex]\displaystyle y=\frac{(9.8)(3.474)^2}{2}[/tex]
[tex]\displaystyle y=68.54\ m[/tex]
The closest correct option is
B. 68.6m
HURRY!!!!!!!!!
A circuit is built based on this circuit diagram.
A diagram of a closed circuit with a power source on the left labeled 12 V. There are 3 resistors in parallel, separate paths, connected to it labeled 3.0 Ohms, 6.0 Ohms and 9.0 Ohms.
What is the equivalent resistance of the circuit?
The equivalent resistance of the parallel circuit with three resistors is determined as 1.64 ohms.
What is the equivalent resistance of the parallel circuit?
The equivalent resistance of the parallel circuit is determined as follows;
¹/R = ¹/R₁ + ¹/R₂ + ¹/R³
¹/R = ¹/3 + ¹/6 + ¹/9
¹/R = (6 + 3 + 2)/18
¹/R = 11/18
R = 18/11
R = 1.64 ohms
Thus, the equivalent resistance of the parallel circuit with three resistors is determined as 1.64 ohms.
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Final answer:
The equivalent resistance of the circuit with three resistors in parallel (3.0 Ohms, 6.0 Ohms, 9.0 Ohms) is approximately 1.636 Ohms.
Explanation:
To find the equivalent resistance of a circuit consisting of resistors in parallel, one must use the formula for parallel resistors, which is 1
In this case, the circuit has three resistors in parallel with resistances of 3.0 Ohms, 6.0 Ohms, and 9.0 Ohms. Hence, the calculation for the equivalent resistance (R_eq) is:
1/R_eq = 1/3.0 Ohms + 1/6.0 Ohms + 1/9.0 Ohms
1/R_eq = 1/3 + 1/6 + 1/9
1/R_eq = 6/18 + 3/18 + 2/18
1/R_eq = 11/18
Now, take the reciprocal to find the equivalent resistance:
R_eq = 18/11 Ohms
R_eq ≈ 1.636 Ohms
Therefore, the equivalent resistance of the three parallel resistors is approximately 1.636 Ohms.
What is the difference between acceleration and linear acceleration?
Answer:
Centripetal acceleration is the acceleration of an object traveling in a circle, while linear acceleration is the acceleration of an object traveling in a straight line.
Answer:
Centripetal acceleration is the acceleration of an object traveling in a circle, while linear acceleration is the acceleration of an object traveling in a straight line. ... Meanwhile linear acceleration is the rate of change of linear velocity, which is the velocity of an object traveling in a straight line.
6. Dan wants to create acceleration. He
can do all the following, EXCEPT:
a. Increase in speed
b. Decrease in speed
c. Change directions
d. Maintain constant velocity
Answer:
the answer is D.
Explanation:
Acceleration means you can increase in speed, decrease in speed, and change directions. BUT, velocity means speed with a direction. If you want to accelerate, it's impossible to keep the same velocity at the same time.
Which pair of quantities represents scalar quantities
Answer:
physical quantity that only has magnitude and no other characteristics.
Explanation:
so no velocity only magnitude
Answer:
Time and speed is a pair of scalar quantities.
Explanation:
this questions answer choices are imcomplete it should be like this .
Which of the following is a pair of scalar quantities?
A.) velocity - distance
B.) velocity - displacement
C.) time - speed
D.) time - displacement
Physical science help!
“Match the wavelength and type of wave.”
Teacher said we may use google but I can’t seem to find the correct direct answers so if anybody is polite enough to help ya girl out then I’d greatly appreciate it :)
Answer:
Let's begin by explaining that the electromagnetic spectrum is the set of electromagnetic radiations distributed in their different frequencies or wavelengths. So, if we go from the smallest wavelengths known up to now (because according to physics the electromagnetic spectrum is infinite and continuous) to the longest, the electromagnetic spectrum covers the following radiations:
Gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, radio waves and microwaves:
-Gamma rays: With a wavelength in the order of [tex]10^{-12}m [/tex], is a type of ionizing radiation capable of penetrating matter quite deeply and is able to cause serious damage to the nucleus of the cells.
-X rays: With a wavelength between [tex]1m[/tex] and [tex]10km[/tex]. It is invisible to the human eye, capable of crossing opaque bodies and is also an ionizing radiation.
-Ultraviolet light (UV): Whose wavelength is approximately between 100 nm and 380 nm; is a type of electromagnetic radiation that is not visible to the human eye.
-Visible light: This part of the spectrum is located between ultraviolet light and infrared light (400 nm - 800 nm). It should be noted, the fact the only part of the whole electromagnetic spectrum is visible to humans is because the receptors in our eyes are only sensitive to these wavelengths.
-Infrared: This type of radiation is not visible to the human eye, since its wavelengths are outside the visible spectrum (between 700 nm and 1 mm).
These waves can be divided into:
- Near infrared or long wave infrared: it is the least sensitive to color and is easily absorbed by water.
- Medium or medium wave infrared: it is also insensitive to color and easily absorbed by water and many types of plastics and paints.
- Far infrared or short wave infrared: it is more penetrating than the long wave and is good for heating metals, these waves also can pass through clear materials.
This light has many uses, including heating lamps in physiotherapy and medical treatments, heat sensing devices, among others.
-Radio waves: This is a type of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 10 m to 10,000 m. This type of electromagnetic waves is very well reflected in the ionosphere, the layer of the atmosphere through which they travel directly or using repeaters. In addition, this radiation is important in telecommunications.
Calculate the heat energy needed to change the temperature of 2 kg of copper from 10°C to 110°C. heat = Kcal
Answer:
18.4 kcal
Explanation:
ΔQ = m c Δ t
where ΔQ is heat energy supplied in kcal , m is mass in kg , c is specific heat capacity which is 0.092 kcal / (kg C°) , Δ t = 110-10= 100C°
ΔQ = 2×0.092×100 = 18.4 kcal
Answer:
heat = 20 Kcal
Explanation:
A car parked on level pavement exerts a force of 10,000 newtons on the ground. What force does the pavement exert back on the car ?
Answer:
Normal force of 10,000N
Explanation:
From the question, the weight the car exerts on the pavement is 10,000N.
The pavement exerts upward and perpendicular contact force called normal force on the car to support its weight. Also, the normal force is equal and opposite to the weigh of the car.
Hence the pavement exerts normal force of 10,000N back on the car to prevent it from passing through it.
Final answer:
The pavement exerts an equal and opposite force of 10,000 newtons back on the car due to Newton's third law of motion. The net force and net torque on a stationary car parked on level pavement are zero.
Explanation:
If a car parked on level pavement exerts a force of 10,000 newtons (N) on the ground, the pavement exerts an equal and opposite force of 10,000 N back on the car. This is due to Newton's third law of motion, which states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
In this case, the action is the force of the car's weight on the pavement, and the reaction is the normal force exerted by the pavement on the car. The force exerted by the pavement is also known as the support force and it is what prevents the car from sinking into the ground.
The net force on the car when it is parked and at rest on level pavement is zero because the downward gravitational force (weight of the car) is balanced by the upward normal force from the pavement. Similarly, the net torque on the car is also zero, assuming no other external forces are acting on it, such as wind or a slope that could create a rotational effect.
A stone is whirled with uniform speed in a horizontal circle of radius 15cm .It takes the stone 10 seconds to describe an arc of length 4cm . Calculate . a.Angular velocity b. linear velocity c. periodic time
Final answer:
The angular velocity is 0.02667 radians/second, the linear velocity is 0.004 m/s, and the periodic time is approximately 235.62 seconds.
This question involves circular motion. We will apply the concepts of circular motion to analyse each part of the question.
a. Angular Velocity
To find the angular velocity (ω), we start by calculating the angle (θ) in radians.
Since 1 complete circle is 2π radians:
θ = s / r = 4 cm / 15 cm = 4 / 15 radians
Given the time (t) is 10 seconds:
ω = θ / t = (4 / 15) / 10 = 4 / 150 radians/second = 0.02667 radians/second
b. Linear Velocity
The linear velocity (v) is related to the angular velocity by:
v = ω r
Here, r = 15 cm = 0.15 m:
v = 0.02667 rad/s × 0.15 m = 0.004 m/s
c. Periodic Time
The periodic time (T) is the time it takes for one complete revolution.
First, we find the circumference (C) of the circle:
C = 2πr = 2π × 0.15 m = 0.3π m
We already know the linear velocity (v):
T = C / v = 0.3π / 0.004 = 75π s ≈ 235.62 seconds
a steep slope on the graph indicates
Answer:
A steep slope on a displacement vs. time graph indicates a large velocity.
Explanation:
An astronaut (mass of 100 kg, with equipment) is headed back to her space station at a speed of 0.750 m/s s but at the wrong angle. To correct her direction, she fires rockets from her backpack at right angles to her motion for a brief time. These directional rockets exert a constant force of 100.0 N for only 0.200 [Neglect the small loss of mass due to burning fuel and assume the Impulse at right angles to her initial momentum.(a) What is the magnitude of the impulse delivered to the astronaut? (b) What is her new direction (relative to the initial direction) (C) What is her new speed ?
Answer:
(a) 20.0 Ns
(b) 14.9°
(c) 0.776 m/s
Explanation:
Let's say the astronaut's original velocity is in the x direction. The impulse from rockets is at a right angle to this, or in the y direction.
(a) Impulse is force times time.
J = (100.0 N) (0.200 s)
J = 20.0 Ns
(b) Impulse is change in momentum.
J = mΔv
20.0 Ns = (100 kg) (vᵧ − 0 m/s)
vᵧ = 0.200 m/s
The angle of the new total velocity, relative to the x direction, is:
θ = atan(vᵧ / vₓ)
θ = atan(0.200 m/s / 0.750 m/s)
θ = 14.9°
(c) The magnitude of the new total velocity is:
v² = vₓ² + vᵧ²
v² = (0.750 m/s)² + (0.200 m/s)²
v = 0.776 m/s
To determine the speed at which the astronaut moves towards the space station after tossing a bag of tools, calculate the initial and final momenta of the system and apply the conservation of momentum principle.
An astronaut is detached from the space station during a spacewalk. To return, she tosses a 12 kg bag of tools away from the station at 5 m/s. Given that her total mass including the suit and equipment is 120 kg, we can calculate the speed at which she will move towards the station.
First, calculate the initial momentum of the system before the tools are tossed. Then, apply the principle of conservation of momentum to find the final velocity of the astronaut. This final velocity will represent the speed at which she moves towards the space station.
The process involves setting the initial momentum (before the toss) equal to the final momentum (after the toss) and solving for the final velocity.
Ms. PB is pushing Mr. Rigney in a wheelchair with a force of 10 N East, while Mr. Rigney is using his arms to
provide a 5 N force in the same direction. There is a 2 N Frictional force opposing the forward motion, and air
resistance providing a 7 N force West. What is the Net Force applied to the movement of Mr. Rigney's
wheelchair? Record and bubble your answer below. Show all of your work.
The net force is 6 N East
Explanation:
First of all, we start by noticing that all the forces act along the direction East-West, so we can simply find the net force by using algebraic addition.
In order to find the net force on the wheelchair, we need to define a positive direction and write down all the force with the proper sign.
Let's choose East as positive direction. Therefore, we have the following forces:
[tex]F_1 = +10 N[/tex] (east), the force applied by Ms. PB
[tex]F_2 = +5 N[/tex] (east), the force applied by Mr. Rigney
[tex]F_f = -2 N[/tex] (west), the frictional force, acting in the opposite direction
[tex]F_r = -7 N[/tex] (west), the air resistance, acting in the opposite direction
Taking into account the correct signs, we can now find the net force on the wheelchair:
[tex]F=F_1+F_2+F_f+F_r = +10 + 5 +(-2) + (-7) = +6 N[/tex]
And the positive sign tells us that the direction of the net force is East.
Learn more about forces:
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how many times is a ray of light reflected by 2 plane mirrors placed parallel and facing each other
Answer:
the ray is reflected infinite number of times by 2 plane mirrors placed parallel to each other as each reflected ray would be the incident ray for the other.
Explanation:
the ray is reflected infinite number of times by 2 plane mirrors placed parallel to each other as each reflected ray would be the incident ray for the other.
Placing one mirror at an angle causes reflections to curve.
Two parallel plane mirrors result in an infinite number of reflections for a light ray due to the Law of Reflection.
When two plane mirrors are placed parallel and facing each other, a light ray entering this setup will undergo multiple reflections between the mirrors. The number of reflections theoretically can be infinite, as each reflection leads to another unless the mirrors are not perfectly aligned or have imperfections. This principle is based on the Law of Reflection, which states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
Here's a step-by-step explanation:
A light ray strikes one of the mirrors at an initial angle of incidence.The ray reflects off the mirror, maintaining the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection principle.The reflected ray then strikes the opposite parallel mirror, reflecting once again according to the Law of Reflection.This process repeats, with the ray bouncing back and forth between the two mirrors infinitely.This phenomenon can be commonly observed in simple experiments using two parallel mirrors, creating the effect of an infinite tunnel of reflections.
A vector points -1.55 units along the x-axis and 3.22 units along the y-axis what is the magnitude of the vector
Answer:
3.57 units
Explanation:
[tex]x =\sqrt{ (-1.55)^2+(3.22)^2} = 3.57 units[/tex]
Answer:
The magnitude of the vector is 3.57 units.
Explanation:
The x component of the vector, [tex]v_x=-1.55\ \text{units}[/tex]
The y component of the vector is [tex]v_y=3.22\ \text{units}[/tex]
We need to find the magnitude of the vector. We know that the magnitude of the vector is given by :
[tex]v=\sqrt{v_x^2+v_y^2}[/tex]
[tex]v=\sqrt{(-1.55)^2+(3.22)^2}[/tex]
[tex]v=3.57\ \text{units}[/tex]
So, the magnitude of the vector is 3.57 units. Hence, this is the required solution.