Final answer:
As a spherical balloon is inflated with a fixed charge at its center, the electric potential at the surface decreases due to the increase in the balloon's radius.
Explanation:
When a spherical balloon with a positively charged object at its center is inflated, the electric potential at the surface of the balloon changes. As the radius of the balloon increases, the electric potential at the surface (V) is defined by the formula V = kQ/r, where k is Coulomb's constant, Q is the charge at the center, and r is the radius of the surface. Therefore, as the balloon's radius expands and r gets larger, the electric potential at the surface decreases because the charge Q remains constant while the distance r increases.
Sulfur dioxide gas reacts with oxygen gas to form sulfur trioxide gas. express your answer as a chemical equation. identify all of the phases in your answer.
Answer:
2SO2(g)+O2(g)→2SO3(g)
Explanation:
Two moles of sulfur dioxide needs to react with 1 mole of oxygen to form 2 moles of sulfur trioxide.
The chemical equation for the reaction between sulfur dioxide gas and oxygen gas to form sulfur trioxide gas is 2 SO₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2 SO₃(g), with all substances in the gaseous state.
Explanation:The reaction between sulfur dioxide gas and oxygen gas to form sulfur trioxide gas can be expressed as the following balanced chemical equation:
2 SO₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2 SO₃(g)
In this equation, (g) indicates that sulfur dioxide (SO₂), oxygen (O₂), and sulfur trioxide (SO₃) are all in the gaseous phase. This reaction is a fundamental step in the industrial synthesis of sulfuric acid and is exothermic, releasing energy in the form of heat.
How many molecules are present in 1.75 moles of dihydrogen monoxide
10.535 ₓ 10²³ molecules
Given data:
Moles of dihydrogen monoxide = 1.75
No. of molecules of dihydrogen monoxide = ?
Solution:
1 mole of solution = 6.02 ₓ 10²³ molecules
1.75 mole of solution = (6.02 ₓ 10²³) ₓ 1.75
= 10.535 ₓ 10²³ molecules
Calculate empirical formula 24.5 g nitrogen 70 g oxygen
What is an azeotrope and why does it limit ethanol purity, even with fractional distillation?
Final answer:
An azeotrope is a mixture that retains the same composition in both liquid and vapor states when boiled. This property limits the purity of ethanol to about 95.6% through fractional distillation because the ethanol-water mixture's vapor composition becomes identical to the liquid. To surpass this azeotropic point and obtain higher purity ethanol, specialized techniques must be used.
Explanation:
An azeotrope is a mixture of two or more liquids that retains the same composition in the liquid and vapor states because it boils at a constant temperature. This occurs because the vapor has the same composition as the liquid mixture due to the specific intermolecular interactions between the different components. A common example is the azeotropic mixture of approximately 95.6% ethanol and 4.4% water by mass, which has a boiling point of 78.1 °C.
When attempting to obtain pure ethanol by fractional distillation, the presence of an azeotrope poses a limitation. Since the vapor generated from the azeotropic mixture has the same percentage composition as the liquid, the usual effectiveness of fractional distillation in separating substances based on different boiling points is thwarted. Therefore, achieving ethanol purity higher than 95.6% through conventional distillation is not possible due to the formation of this azeotrope with water.
Some other methods, like the addition of a third component to break the azeotrope or the use of molecular sieves for dehydration, are necessary to produce ethanol with higher purity. In the context of ethanol production, the presence of azeotropes is why standard distillation techniques cannot yield 100% pure ethanol, and additional treatments are needed to reach such high purity levels.
When 2.50 g of copper reacts with oxygen the copper oxide product has a mass of 2.81 g. what is the simplest formula of the copper oxide?
By using proportional rule, the simplest formula can be calculated as [tex]\rm \bold { Cu_2O}[/tex]
Molar mass of Copper is 63.54 g
Molar mass of Oxygen is 16
Here,
The mole of copper is 0.0393
The moles of oxygen is 0.0194
Hence, by using proportional rule, the simplest formula can be calculated as [tex]\rm \bold { Cu_2O}[/tex].
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When air warms up it causes water vapor to form, The amount of water vapor in the atmostphere is called?
A:Clouds
B:Humidity
C:Air Pressure
D: Dew Point
Na2O2 + H2SO4 --------> Na2SO4 + H2O find the Balance
Why does sand conduct heat better than water? The molecules in water are closer together than the molecules in sand. The molecules in sand are closer together than the molecules in water. The molecules in sand are larger than the molecules in water. The molecules in water are more dense than the molecules in sand.
what is a compound in chemistry
a compound is a elements that are bonded together chemically
Write a balanced equation for the reaction of sulfur trioxide in the rain.
How does thermal energy transfer when a room is heated by a furnace?
Answer:
the anser is b
Explanation:
What is the concentration of a solution made by diluting 65 ml of 6.0 m hcl to a final volume of 750 ml?
Answer:
Concentration: 0,52
Explanation:
Remember that the concentration of a solution, is the calculus of dividing the amount of solute, could be in grams, mililiters, moles, by the amount of solvent in which the solute is going to be dissolved, in this case we will use the data provided to solve with the next formula:
[tex]C1V1=C2V2\\C2=\frac{C1*V1}{V2}\\ C2=\frac{65*6}{750}\\ C2=0,52[/tex]
So the concetration will be 0,52 m
The concentration of the diluted solution is 0.52 M
Dilution is simply reducing the concentration of a solution by the application of water.
The concentration of a diluted solution can be obtained by using the following formula:
C₁V₁ = C₂V₂Where:
C₁ => is the concentration of the stock solution
V₁ => is the volume of the stock solution
C₂ => is the concentration of the diluted solution
V₂ => is the volume of the diluted solution.
With the above formula, we can obtain the concentration of the diluted solution as follow:
Volume of stock solution (V₁) = 65 mL
Concentration of stock (C₁ ) = 6 M
Volume of diluted solution (V₂) = 750 mL
Concentration of diluted solution (C₂) =?C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
6 × 65 = C₂ × 750
390 = C₂ × 750
Divide both side by 750
C₂ = 390 / 750
C₂ = 0.52 MTherefore, the concentration of the diluted solution is 0.52 M
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Draw a lewis structure for hnc and assign the non-zero formal charges to each atom. draw the lewis structures with the formal charges minimized.
The Lewis structure for HNC (hydrogen isocyanide) consists of a hydrogen atom bonded to a nitrogen atom, which is then bonded to a carbon atom. The formal charges assigned to each atom are H: 0, N: 0, and C: -1.
The Lewis structure for HNC (hydrogen isocyanide): Determine the total number of valence electrons,
1. Determine the total number of valence electrons:
Hydrogen (H) has 1 valence electron.
Nitrogen (N) has 5 valence electrons.
Carbon (C) has 4 valence electrons.
Total valence electrons = 1 (H) + 5 (N) + 4 (C) = 10 valence electrons
2. Place the least electronegative atom (hydrogen) in the center and connect it to the more electronegative atoms (nitrogen and carbon) using single bonds.
H
|
N - C
3. Fill the remaining valence electrons around each atom to complete their octets (except hydrogen, which only needs 2 electrons).
H: 2 electrons (1 bond)
N: 4 electrons (1 bond) + 4 electrons (lone pairs) = 8 electrons (full octet)
C: 4 electrons (1 bond) + 4 electrons (lone pairs) = 8 electrons (full octet)
H
|
N - C
: :
4. Check if all atoms have achieved their octets. In this case, they have.
The Lewis structure for HNC is:
H
|
N - C
: :
Let's assign formal charges to each atom. The formal charge of an atom is calculated by comparing the number of valence electrons an atom has in a Lewis structure with the number of electrons it "owns" in a molecule.
To calculate the formal charge, we use the formula:
Formal charge = Valence electrons - (Non-bonded electrons + 1/2 * Bonded electrons)
For each atom in HNC:
H: Formal charge = 1 - (0 + 1/2 * 2) = 0
N: Formal charge = 5 - (4 + 1/2 * 2) = 0
C: Formal charge = 4 - (4 + 1/2 * 2) = -1
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4NH3 (g)+502(g)->6H20g)+4NOg) What is the enthalpy change for this reaction?
Final answer:
The exact enthalpy change (ΔH) for the given chemical reaction cannot be determined without the standard enthalpies of formation or a series of reactions leading to the overall reaction.
Explanation:
The enthalpy change for the reaction 4NH3 (g) + 5O2 (g) → 4NO (g) + 6H2O (g) can be determined by summing the enthalpy changes of intermediate steps that sum up to give the overall reaction.
The provided information suggests the need to combine different reactions and their respective enthalpy changes to find the total ΔH for the reaction of interest.
However, the details offered are not clear enough to calculate a precise value directly. To calculate the exact enthalpy change, you would need to know the standard enthalpies of formation for each reactant and product, or you would sum the enthalpy changes of a series of reactions that produce the same final products from the same initial reactants.
If we consider similar reactions and principles provided in the reference information, it can be noted that multiplying or dividing an equation and its enthalpy change by a number gives an adjusted enthalpy change for the new stoichiometric coefficients.
Also, from a given reaction such as N2(g) + O2(g) → 2NO(g) having an enthalpy change of 181 kJ, one can infer similar adjustments. Nevertheless, without precise data for the given reaction, an accurate value for the ΔH cannot be provided here.
the enthalpy change for the reaction is -1169.2 kJ. The negative sign indicates that the reaction is exothermic, releasing heat to the surroundings.
To determine the enthalpy change for the given reaction, you can use the enthalpy values of the individual compounds involved in the reaction. Enthalpy change is usually represented by the symbol ΔH. In this case, you need to calculate the overall change in enthalpy for the reaction:
1. Identify the enthalpy values for the reactants and products in the reaction. For example:
- Enthalpy of formation of NH3 = -46.1 kJ/mol
- Enthalpy of formation of O2 = 0 kJ/mol
- Enthalpy of formation of H2O = -285.8 kJ/mol
- Enthalpy of formation of NO = 90.3 kJ/mol
2. Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction using the given enthalpy values:
ΔH = ΣΔH(products) - ΣΔH(reactants)
ΔH = [6(-285.8 kJ/mol) + 4(90.3 kJ/mol)] - [4(-46.1 kJ/mol) + 5(0 kJ/mol)]
3. Substitute the values into the equation and solve for ΔH:
ΔH = [-1714.8 kJ + 361.2 kJ] - [-184.4 kJ]
ΔH = -1353.6 kJ + 184.4 kJ
ΔH = -1169.2 kJ
Therefore, the enthalpy change for the reaction is -1169.2 kJ. The negative sign indicates that the reaction is exothermic, releasing heat to the surroundings.
on the basis of chemical structure which of the following solids will most easily conduct electricity
CaF2
Cu
NaCl
FeO2
Answer: Option (2) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
In solid state, substances or elements that contain unpaired electrons are able to conduct heat and electricity.
This is because for conducting heat and electricity availability of free or unpaired electrons is necessary.
For example, atomic number of copper is 29 and its electronic distribution is 2, 8, 18, 1.
Whereas ionic compounds can only conduct heat and electricity when they are present in aqueous solution.
This is because then they are dissociated into ions.
Thus, we can conclude that Cu is the solid which most easily conduct electricity.
Giving out 20 points please answer!!!!!
Marcia is given an incomplete chemical equation that includes the number of nitrogen atoms present in the products of the reaction. How can she conclude that the reaction started with three nitrogen atoms?
Answer:
here u go all the anser to the qustion
Marcia is given an incomplete chemical equation that includes the number of nitrogen atoms present in the products of the reaction. How can she conclude that the reaction started with three nitrogen atoms?
There would have to be three nitrogen atoms in the products. The law of conservation of matter states that the amount of substance before a reaction occurs should be the same as the amount of substance after the reaction.
Sample Response: There would have to be three nitrogen atoms in the products. The law of conservation of matter states that the amount of substance before a reaction occurs should be the same as the amount of substance after the reaction.
Which facts did you include in your response? Check all that apply.
There are three nitrogen atoms in the products.
The law of conservation of mass states that the amount of substance should be the same before and after a reaction.
Explanation:
Why is the solubility of a neutral organic compound unaltered by exposure to aqueous acid or base?
Phosphorous pentchloride (pcl5 ) is used as a chlorinating reagent in chlorination of organic compounds. what type of bonding occurs between the atoms of a pcl5 molecule?
The type of bond that a Phosphorous pentachloride have is an Ionic Bonding. It is a form of chemical bond that encompasses the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions which serves as the primary interaction happening in ionic compound. Phosphorus has 5 valence electrons and Chlorine has 7 valence electrons. Phosphorus contributes 1 electron to each chlorine and all the 6 achieve 8 electrons in the outer shell thus creating an ionic bond.
Answer:
PCl5 is a covalent bond
Explanation:
Ionic bonds are bonds between a metal and a non-metal.
Covalent bonds are bonds between 2 or more non-metals.
Neither P or Cl are metals, therefore PCl5 has a covalent bond.
According to the Law of Conservation of Matter is this drawing accurate?
A. The drawing is correct because there are larger molecules on the reactant side.
B. The drawing is incorrect, because there are more molecules on the products side.
C. The drawing is correct, because there are eight white atoms and eight red atoms on each side of the reaction.
D. The drawing is incorrect, because there are different numbers of molecules on each side of the reaction.
Scientists use critical thinking skills throughout the process of research or experimentation. A student notices that their energy level always seems to decrease when they drink soda, but they seem to have more energy when they don’t drink soda. The student decides to conduct an experiment to determine if their soda intake really does have an effect on their energy level. What critical thinking step has the student just completed in the situation described above?
Asking a question is the answer
is table salt and chalk a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture?
Methyl orange (hmo) is an acid-base indicator. its two forms in solution are hmo (red) and mo- (yellow). when hmo is added to distilled water, the solution is yellow. how would you turn the solution red?
If the methyl orange solution is yellow in color in basic solution, it can be turned to red by adding an acid to it.
Given that the methyl orange solution is an indicator, it can have different colors in acidic, basic and neutral media.
An indicator is an organic dye that has a different color in acidic, basic and neutral media. The color of methyl orange in a basic medium is yellow while the color of methyl orange in an acid medium is red.
If the methyl orange is represented by HMO, an equilibrium is set up thus;
HM ⇄ MO^- + H^+
Red yellow
Addition of an acid ( H^+) shifts the equilibrium position to the left yielding the red color.
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If the enantiomeric excess of a mixture is 75%, what are the % compositions of the major and minor enantiomer?
Let us say that R is the major enantiomer, while S is the minor enantiomer, therefore the formula for enantiomeric excess (ee) is:
ee = (R – S) * 100%
Let us further say that the fraction of R is x (R = x), and therefore fraction of S is 1 – x (S = 1 – x), therefore:
75 = (x – (1 – x)) * 100
75 = 100 x – 100 + 100 x
200 x = 175
x = 0.875
Summary of answers:
R = major enantiomer = 0.875 or 87.5%
S = minor enantiomer = (1 – 0.875) = 0.125 or 12.5%
Describe a method you could use to obtain crystals of potassium nitrate from potassium nitrate solution.
You should include an explanation of how the crystals are produced from the solution.
Explanation:
Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound with chemical formula [tex]{KNO}_3[/tex]. The shape of potassium nitrate is orthorhombic or regular prism.
Potassium nitrate has a large solubility difference in hot and cold water 2460 gram per litre at 100 degree celsius and 133 gram per litre at 0 degree celsius. Firstly we can dissolve potassium nitrate in hot water, and then let the water cool down.
On the either side, the quantity of nitrate will be greater than water is able to dissolve. So, the excess will come out from the solution as in the form of crystals. Crystals are usually formed by the microscopic particles and growing by regular layers of atoms are bond to one another.
Suppose you decide to define your own temperature scale using the freezing point (13 ∘c) and boiling point (360 ∘c) of oleic acid, the main component of olive oil. if you set the freezing point of oleic acid as 0 ∘o and the boiling point as 140 ∘o, what is the freezing point of water on this new scale?
Which type of rock can melt to become magma?
Answer:
It's all three.
Explanation:
Rutherford and Soddy's research involved:
1)Deflection of alpha particles caused by positive nucleus
2)Defining the components of atomic nuclei
3)The theory that uranium successively disintegrated to lead
4)Non of the above
Answer: -
Rutherford and Soddy's research involved:
3)The theory that uranium successively disintegrated to lead
Radioactivity involves conversion of one atom of an element into another by particle decay or radiation. They stated the disintegration theory of radioactivity, also discovering a large number of radioactive elements.
They both got Nobel prizes as well.
How is the current periodic table of the elements organized?
A. in alphabetical order by element name
B. by atomic number of the atoms that make up each element
C. by average atomic mass of the atoms that make up each element
D. by average number of neutrons in the atoms that make up each element
Limonene is the natural product found in orange peel. draw the major product of the reaction of limonene with bromine under the conditions shown. stereochemistry is not required.
As shown in scheme attached below, Limonene (C₁₀H₁₆) contains two double bond one within the six membered ring and another outside the ring.
Hence, it is an unsaturated compound. As we know an Addition reaction takes place in unsaturated compounds. Therefore, an addition reaction called as Halogenation reation or more specifically Bromination reaction takes place when Limonene is treated with Bromine in the presence of inert solvent like tetrachloromethane.
The reaction is shown below, two moles of Br₂ are added across two double bonds of Limonene yielding a product with chemical formula C₁₀H₁₆Br₂.
The progress of this reaction can be easily be monitored as the color of Bromine discharges with the formation of tetrabromo product.
The major product formed when limonene reacts with bromine is tetra brominated limonene and that is attached in the image.
Further Explanation:
Electrophilic addition reaction is defined as an organic reaction in which an electrophile attacks on the electron-rich pi bond and add across the double bonds forming two new sigma bonds. An electrophile is an electron deficient species.
The reaction of alkene with bromine is an electrophilic addition reaction. The mechanism of addition can be illustrated in two steps. In the first step, [tex]{\text{B}}{{\text{r}}_{\text{2}}}[/tex] comes in the vicinity of olefin bond and being electrophilic it attacks on the electron-rich olefinic bond, forming a sigma bond to each of the olefinic bond. Such interaction results in formation of a bromonium ion intermediate that is three-membered intermediate rings.
In the second step, the strained three-membered ring then opens up such that the other bromine atom can attack at the electron-deficient carbon atom.
The limonene is a terpenoid that has olefinic bonds present inside the ring as well as on the side chain. The reaction of limonene with bromine is an electrophilic addition reaction
The mechanistic pathway and the stereospecific anti-addition of bromine to alkenes is described in the attached image.
This attack proceeds in a stereospecific manner such that only anti addition is allowed and the addition product has the trans stereochemistry.
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Answer details:
Grade: College
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Electrophilic addition reaction
Keywords: limonene, electrophilic addition, major product, olefin, anti-addition, anti-addition, stereospecific.
What is the geometry around the left-most carbon in the molecule ch2chch3?
The geometry around the left-most carbon in CH2CHCH3 is trigonal planar.
Explanation:The geometry around the left-most carbon in the molecule CH2CHCH3 is trigonal planar.
When looking at the molecule, we can see that the left-most carbon is bonded to three other atoms: two hydrogen atoms and one carbon atom. Since the left-most carbon has three bonded atoms and no lone pairs, its geometry is trigonal planar.
This means that the three bonding pairs are arranged in a flat triangle around the carbon atom.
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The leftmost carbon in the molecule CH2CHCH3, also known as propene, has a tetrahedral conformation because of its sp³ hybridization. The atoms around the carbon are spaced so that the angles between them are approximately 109.5°, similar to methane (CH4).
Explanation:The molecule CH2CHCH3 is also known as propene. It consists of a linear carbon chain, and the arrangement of atoms impacts its three-dimensional shape or conformation. Let's focus on the left-most carbon, which has two hydrogen atoms and two carbon atoms bonded to it.
Taking a look at this particular carbon, it shares three of its electrons with the hydrogen atoms as well as with the neighboring carbon atom in single, covalent bonds. The other electron forms a double bond with the middle carbon. This gives the left-most carbon a tetrahedral conformation. The sp³ hybridization of the carbon atom displays this tetrahedral geometry, with each atom around the carbon spaced in a way that angles between them are about 109.5°. This is similar to the molecule methane, CH4, which also has a tetrahedral geometry.
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