Answer these 2 questions please

The seeds become dormant

Melatonin is the hormone.

The correct answer is option A- HIV virus.

HIV virus is an example of enveloped virus, that has the ability to infect a host cell by attaching itself to it and fusing with the host cell. Once infected, the virus leaves the host cell and moves to another cells to infect them. The HIV virus contains glycoprotein spikes to attach to the host cell.

Answer: A

Explanation:

ATP is generated when energy is needed in the cell, with the energy stored in ATP's phosphate ester bonds. This energy is released when ATP is converted to ADP and a phosphate group, fueling various cellular activities. ATP is primarily produced through oxidative reactions in a process known as cellular respiration.

Large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are generated when the energy is needed in the cell. ATP stores energy within its phosphate ester bonds. The energy is then available for use when this ATP is converted to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and a phosphate group, a process that involves the breaking of phosphodiester bonds and releases energy. Cellular activities are fueled by the controlled release of this stored energy.

ATP is primarily produced by the oxidative reactions in a cell's cytoplasm and mitochondrion, where carbohydrates, proteins, and fats undergo a series of metabolic reactions in a process known as cellular respiration. A key example of this is glycolysis, where glucose is converted into pyruvic acid and some of its chemical potential energy is transferred to ATP.

The ATP molecules are then moved to the location within the cell where energy is required for tasks such as growth, movement, and active transport. Understanding the ATP-ADP conversion process and its role in cellular respiration is a fundamental component of cell biology.

https://brainly.com/question/33445776

#SPJ11

Among the options given below, delta is a type of landform that is significantly formed as a result of river erosion. Thus, the correct option is D.

River erosion may be defined as a process through which the land is strained away and due to this, the water flows along the river bed and banks.

Deltas are classified on the basis of wetlands that formed when rivers generally empty their water as well as sediments into another body of water usually lakes, ponds, oceans, etc.

A moraine is formed when all the sediments and materials that are left behind due to the movement of glaciers.

Islands are formed due to volcanic eruptions. This has happened when the tops of the volcanoes appear above the water.

Therefore, among the options given below, delta is a type of landform that is significantly formed as a result of river erosion. Thus, the correct option is D.

To learn more about River erosion, refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/11430169

#SPJ5

The heart, particularly the ventricles, secretes the hormone B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) not traditionally viewed as a gland. BNP, along with atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), lowers blood pressure by promoting sodium and water excretion and suppressing certain hormone releases.

Although they are not traditionally considered glands, the structures in the body that secrete the hormone B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) are actually part of the heart. In response to a rise in blood pressure, the heart releases BNP from the ventricles, which are the lower chambers of the heart. This hormone, which consists of 29 amino acids, plays a vital role in the regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance in the body.

The heart contains specialized cardiac muscle cells in the atria that function as endocrine cells by releasing natriuretic peptides. These hormones, including B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), act to lower blood pressure and reduce blood volume by promoting the excretion of sodium (Na+) and water from the kidneys, thus inhibiting the reabsorption of these substances. Additionally, they suppress the production and release of renin, aldosterone, and antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to a decrease in fluid retention.

ANP and BNP are considered antagonists to angiotensin II, a powerful vasoconstrictor, which means they help to counteract the effects of this peptide in order to promote a reduction in blood pressure and blood volume. By these mechanisms, the natriuretic peptides effectively contribute to the autoregulation of blood perfusion and maintain cardiovascular homeostasis.

Since air flows into the lungs, the air in the lungs is at a lower pressure than the air outside the body.

Air pressure is the pressure that air exert on objects due to its weight.

During the process of breathing, pressure differences exist between the air in the lungs and the air outside the body.

Air will glow to where there is lesser air pressure.

During inhaling, air flows until the lungs from outside the body.

Therefore, the air in the lungs is at a lower pressure than the air outside the body.

Learn more about air pressure at: https://brainly.com/question/441281

Cocaine is a street drug that usually comes as a white powder. Cocaine use during pregnancy can affect a pregnant woman and her unborn baby in many ways.

Answer:

The correct answer is "invasive species".

Explanation:

If the fire is used safely it can restore native grasslands and provide many benefits to nature. After a fire, some animals are attracted to the lush re-growth of grass and concentrate their grazing in that burned area. Fire in combination with cattle is used to control trees, and invasive species and keep grasslands healthy. If controlled fire is applied regularly it can reduce the intensity of an unplanned fire. 

The endoplasmic reticulum is the extensive membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells responsible for the origin of protein secretions and enzymes used in other organelles.

The extensive membrane-bound structure in a eukaryotic cell that serves as the site of origin for protein secretions and enzymes used in other organelles is known as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The ER is involved in the synthesis of proteins and lipids, and is part of the endomembrane system, which also includes the Golgi apparatus and vesicles. The ER can be rough, with ribosomes attached to its surface, contributing to protein synthesis; or smooth, where lipid synthesis and detoxification processes occur. The synthesized proteins are transported to the Golgi apparatus for further modification and sorting for secretion or use within the cell.

The earth has layers and is composed of four layers. The four layers of the earth are namely, crust, mantle, the outer core and the inner core. The core in the layers of the earth serves as the central region. The mantle is the earth’s solid bulk in terms of its interior. The inner and outer core are composed minerals and are the third and fourth layer in the earth.

Living things use anaerobic respiration when oxygen is not available. Examples include certain prokaryotes that use carbon dioxide as the final electron acceptor and produce methane. Anaerobic respiration is also advantageous for quickly producing ATP for short bursts of intense activity.

Living things use anaerobic respiration to generate energy in situations where oxygen is not readily available. In anaerobic respiration, organisms use molecules other than oxygen as the final electron acceptor. For example, certain prokaryotes like methanogens use carbon dioxide to produce methane and generate ATP. Another advantage of anaerobic respiration is its speed, as it can quickly produce ATP for short bursts of intense activity.

Final answer:

Living organisms use anaerobic respiration to generate ATP in environments lacking oxygen by using alternative molecules as final electron acceptors. This enables life in places with little to no oxygen, like deep waters and some animal digestive tracts, and provides quick ATP for short energy bursts.

Explanation:

Living organisms use anaerobic respiration, or fermentation, to generate energy in environments where oxygen is scarce. This process is particularly important for organisms that reside in places such as deep water, soil, or the digestive tracts of animals, where oxygen may not be readily available. Fermentation allows these organisms to live in these environments by providing them with a way to produce ATP, which is essential for all cellular processes.

In anaerobic respiration, organisms like bacteria and archaea use molecules other than oxygen as the final electron acceptor to produce ATP. For instance, methanogens, which are a group of archaea, convert carbon dioxide into methane to oxidize NADH, aiding in the production of ATP. This reaction occurs in soil and the digestive systems of ruminants such as cows and sheep. Sulphur bacteria, on the other hand, use sulfate as the final electron acceptor, converting it into hydrogen sulfide.

Compared to aerobic respiration, which produces ATP at a slower rate using oxygen, anaerobic respiration generates ATP more quickly, although in smaller amounts. This rapid production of ATP is beneficial for short bursts of energy required by muscle cells during intense activities. In anaerobic conditions, these organisms rely solely on glycolysis, bypassing the rest of the cellular respiration pathway which requires oxygen.

The correct answer is D. Both absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

The process of photosynthesis is carried out using atmospheric carbon dioxide by green plants. Many gases including carbon dioxide are dissolved in seawater. Some of the carbon dioxide gas remains in dissolved state but most of the carbon dioxide is reacts with water to form carbonic acid. Dissolved gases in seawater make balance with atmosphere by mixing of the surface by wind and waves. Therefore, both photosynthesis and sea water take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.  

Answer:D

Explanation:

Snapping turtles adapt to underwater hibernation by prioritizing oxygen supply to their brain and heart, utilizing cloacal respiration to extract oxygen from the water, and switching to anaerobic respiration when necessary.

The question: How does Snapping Turtle get Oxygen while hibernating underwater is a fascinating aspect of biology, specifically concerning reptilian adaptation and survival strategies. During periods of underwater hibernation, when the temperature and oxygen levels drop, snapping turtles, along with other air-breathing vertebrates like seals and alligators, engage in a fascinating physiological adaptation to ensure their survival. Unlike humans, these animals can reduce the blood supply to their body significantly, prioritizing the delivery of the limited available oxygen to their brain and heart, the organs that are most crucial for survival.

Snapping turtles also employ a unique method known as cloacal respiration to assist with oxygen absorption while underwater. This process allows them to extract oxygen directly from the water through their cloaca, an opening that serves multiple purposes including excretion and reproduction. Additionally, during periods when they must conserve oxygen or when oxygen levels in the water are too low for aerobic respiration, they may switch to anaerobic respiration, a metabolic process that does not require oxygen. This switch enables them to survive for extended periods in environments with varying oxygen concentrations.

The answer to this question is folate.

Folate is also known as folic acid and vitamin B9. This vitamin is used to cure anemia which is caused by deficiency of folic acid. This is also used by pregnant women to make the baby healthy by drinking vitamins and milk to increase folic acid in the body. 

The trigone is a specific, triangularly shaped area within the urinary bladder. Outlined by two entry points from the kidneys and one exit point for urine, it maintains a stable shape unlike the rest of the bladder.

The trigone of the urinary bladder is a specific area located within the internal part of the bladder. It is triangular in shape, which is where its name comes from, with the 'tri' meaning three and 'gone' meaning angle. This region is significant because, unlike the rest of the bladder that can expand and contract, the trigone maintains a fixed shape. This area is outlined by the two ureteral orifices at its top corners, which serve as entry points for urine coming from the kidneys, and the internal urethral orifice at the bottom, which is where urine leaves the bladder.

Learn more about Trigone of urinary bladder here:

https://brainly.com/question/36736909

#SPJ6

Final answer:

Cotter pins and lubricants used irregularly in a production process are classified as indirect materials. They contribute to overhead costs and are not part of the direct material costs. Proper selection and use are important to avoid nonconformance in manufacturing.

Explanation:

Cotter pins and lubricants used irregularly in a production process are typically classified as indirect materials. These items don't become a direct part of the finished product but are essential to the production process. Indirect materials, like lubricants that help machinery operate smoothly or cotter pins used for temporary fastening, are not counted as direct material costs. Instead, they are categorized in the overhead or general manufacturing costs which encapsulate all costs that are indirectly involved in the manufacturing of a product, including maintenance and cleaning supplies as well as equipment upkeep.

Alongside indirect materials, there are direct materials which are the substances that become a part of the final product that the customer will receive, such as wood in furniture making or flour in bakery items. The use of nonconformance categories highlights the importance of materials and components being up to specification; indirect materials like lubricants and cotter pins must also meet certain standards to prevent production nonconformance, which can cause critical, major, or minor defects in products.

A skinner chamber

A skinner chamber is a chamber that isolates the subject from the external environment.

The skinner chamber helps in the isolation of the subject from the external environment.

Further explanation:

Operant conditioning chambers are designed to provide small environmental condition to animals. These chambers are designed to prevent the entire external factor to interfere in the ongoing experiment. These boxes help in ensuring the behaviors are conditioned appropriately.

The Skinner box helps in analyzing the behavior of the animal. It helps in detecting when an animal show their desired behavior and how long do they take to learn to perform this behavior. For example, this chamber is used to teach the rat how to press the lever. Pressing the lever leads to falling of food from the chute. At first, the rat will press it accidentally but later on, it will learn that pressing will leads to food. Therefore, the rat will learn this behavior and perform it independently. The skinner chamber is also used for pharmaceutical research on animals.

Learn More:

1. Learn more about effects of vigorous exercise on cardiorespiratory system https://brainly.com/question/1209683

2. Learn more about the structure of epithelium and connective tissue https://brainly.com/question/4557690

3. Learn more about secondary function of the lymphatic system https://brainly.com/question/2909254

Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Subjects: Biology

Topic: Environmental science.

Keywords:

Operant, chambers, environment, external, animals, experiment, skinner, behavior, lever, chute, pharmaceutical, research.