Answer:
The answer is d. 3,4,2,1,5
Explanation:
The correct sequence is:
Antigens from a pathogen bind to antigen receptors on Lymphocytes.Lymphocyte specific to antigens from a pathogen become numerous.Lymphocytes secrete antibodiesPathogen is destroyed.Only memory cells remain.Adaptive Immune System/Acquired Immunity:
Adaptive immune system involves the part of immune system that is contains specific and highly specialized cells to target specific pathogens. Acquired immunity involves antigen specific antibodies that bind and mark a specific pathogen. This pathogen is then cytotoxically destroyed by specific effector cells of the immune system. Acquired immunity is also characterized by the production of memory cells at the time of mass production of antigen specific antibodies. These memory cells remain long after the pathogen has been destroyed to protect against consequent attacks from the same pathogen.
Answer:
III → IV → II → I → V
Explanation:
Which of the following foods, when combined, provide the amino acids to make a complete protein?A. banana and pineappleB. tofu and broccoli with almondsC. spinach and tomatoesD. corn tortilla and butter
Answer:
Answer is B. Tofu and broccoli with almonds.
Explanation:
Tofu is created or made from the coagulation of dog milk. It is very low in calories and contains a relatively high percentage of protein.
Broccoli is a plant from cabbage family, and it's very rich in nutrients. Some of the nutrients that can be derived in broccoli are vitamins and fibers among others.
Almonds are edible oval nuts with nutrients like proteins, fats, vitamins, fiber etc.
The broccoli is capable of regulating or reducing cholesterol and can prevent cancer.
Tofu combined with broccoli and almonds makes a complete protein, as tofu is a complete protein on its own, and the additional foods contribute to a balanced amino acid profile.
Explanation:When discussing complete proteins in the diet, the focus is on consuming all of the essential amino acids that our bodies cannot produce on their own. Complete proteins contain an adequate proportion of each of the nine essential amino acids. Animal products, such as meat, dairy, and eggs, generally provide complete protein. However, for vegetarians and vegans, combining different plant-based foods can provide all the essential amino acids.
Of the options provided, B. tofu and broccoli with almonds is the combination that offers complete protein. Tofu, made from soybeans, is a plant-based protein that contains all nine essential amino acids, making it a complete protein on its own. However, incorporating broccoli and almonds adds additional nutrients and may ensure an even more balanced amino acid profile.
In contrast, the other options listed do not provide complete proteins when combined. Foods like banana and pineapple, spinach, and tomatoes, or corn tortilla and butter are lacking in one or more of the essential amino acids, particularly lysine and methionine, which are commonly deficient in plant-based diets.
In order to insert a human gene into a plasmid, both must _____1. have identical DNA sequences2. originate from the same type of cell3. code for the same gene product4. be cut by the same restriction enzyme5. be the same length
Answer:
4. be cut by the same restriction enzyme
Explanation:
Restriction enzymes are the endonucleases and cut the DNA molecules at specific sites. These sites are unique for each restriction enzyme and are called restriction sites. Since restriction enzymes cut DNA only at their respective restriction sites, digestion of two DNA molecules with the same restriction enzyme creates DNA fragments with complementary ends.
The restriction digested DNA fragments then can be ligated with each other with the help of enzyme DNA ligase. Therefore, to insert a human gene into a plasmid, both must be digested with the same restriction enzyme to create restriction fragments with complementary ends which in turn would facilitate their ligation.
To insert a human gene into a plasmid, both the gene and the plasmid must be cut by the same restriction enzyme to ensure that their ends are compatible for ligation.
Explanation:In order to insert a human gene into a plasmid, both must be cut by the same restriction enzyme. This process involves cutting the gene of interest with a restriction enzyme, and doing the same to the expression plasmid DNA to generate compatible ends. The DNA fragment, usually isolated by PCR and/or restriction digestion, is then cloned into a plasmid that has been cut with a compatible restriction enzyme. These enzymes recognize specific DNA sequences and cut them in such a way that the cut ends have single-stranded overhangs, which are complementary and can therefore anneal to each other. The plasmid and the human gene are then joined using DNA ligase, creating a recombinant DNA molecule that can be introduced into a bacterial cell for replication and gene expression.
What microbe might grow in the pores of the face and on the tongue and glow pink under UV light?
Answer:
Name of Microbe-Staphylococcus. aureus,
Explanation:
"The microbe which grows on a human being skin is called as Staphylococcus. aureus which is a Gram-positive coccus."
Bacterial Efficacy under UV-light:As after exposure to the UV light for an optimum duration of time, to the sample taken on the test plates the bacteria is determined and about 89.1% of the colonies are identified by about 5 minutes of radiation.
Infections Caused:The cause of the bacterial presence is in the form of broken skin or within a blocked sweat or sebaceous gland, resulting in boils, pustules and abscesses.
A(n) _____ muscle action occurs when a muscle develops tension while lengthening.
Answer:
A(n) eccentric muscle action occurs when a muscle develops tension while lengthening.
Transdermal patches are intended to release a drug over an extended period of time. Particular care must be used with this type of drug administration owing to its design and thin metal backing. The modality of concern in medical imaging would be_______.
Answer:
Answer is Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
Explanation:
A transdermal patch is an adhesive patch which is used medically for delivering doses of medication via the skin into the bloodstream, by simply placing the patch on the skin.
Most of the medications that can be administered through the transdermal patch are pain relievers, nicotine, hormones and contraception to prevent pregnancy.
It has been discovered that, pregnancy patch is 99% effective and last for about 7 days.
Magnetic Resonance imaging, MRI, is used to produce the image of the body, with the use of magnetic and radio wave. It is helpful in diagnosing injury or disease and monitor how well a patient is responding to treatments.
It can be used to detect spinal tumor, cancer , fracture etc. and it is safe and easy to use.
Cody is a member of the L.A. Crips. The other gangs in his territory are the Bloods and Satan's Slaves. Cody feels very antagonistic towards the Bloods and the Slaves. For Cody, what type of group do these two rival gangs represent?
Cody would view the Bloods and Satan's Slaves as outgroups, which are groups that evoke feelings of opposition or competition. Gangs, like those in East Los Angeles, emphasize these dynamics through territorial graffiti.
Explanation:For Cody, who is a member of the L.A. Crips, the Bloods and Satan's Slaves would represent outgroups. An outgroup is a social group toward which an individual feels competition or opposition. In the context of gang dynamics, especially in areas with contested territories such as East Los Angeles, where gangs use graffiti to mark their boundaries, the feelings of animosity are heightened due to the direct competition over resources, territory, and influence.
This antagonistic relationship often contributes to the reinforcement of in-group solidarity within the Crips, as the members unify against a common external threat. These outgroup interactions shape the social identities of the gang members and can influence behavior and attitudes.
As the two parental (template) DNA strands separate at a replication fork, each of the strands is separately copied by a DNA polymerase III (orange), producing two new daughter strands (light blue), each complementary to its respective parental strand. Because the two parental strands are antiparallel, the two new strands (the leading and lagging strands) cannot be synthesized in the same way.
Drag each phrase to the appropriate bin depending on whether it describes the synthesis of the leading strand, the synthesis of the lagging strand, or the synthesis of both strands.
Answer:
Leading Strand: It is made continuously
only one primer is needed
the daughter strand elongates toward the replication fork
Lagging Strand: it is made in segments
multiple primers are needed
the daughter strand elongates away from replication fork
Both: synthesized from five prime to three prime
The number of individuals that a particular habitat can support with no degradation of that habitat is called _____.
a. biotic potential
b. carrying capacity
c. community
d. survivorship
e. niche
Answer:
carrying capacity (carrying capacity is the total population size that a particular environment can comfortably support with little increase or decrease over a relatively long period of time) given the food, habitat, water e.t.c. that is available in the environment.
Which of the following occurs during starvation? I. The kidney generates approximately half the glucose required for the body. II. The brain utilizes ketone bodies as a fuel source. III. The adipose tissue releases fatty acids. IV. Gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver.
Answer:
Answer..... i, ii, iii, iv.
Explanation:
When there is deficiency in the normal calories intake, which is below the level required by organisms to survive, it means starvation.
It is known that human beings require about 1,200 calories a day to stay healthy, people with more strenous work need more calories.
The symptoms of starvation are but not limited to, low energy, constipation and/or diarrhoea, reduction in libido, increased food cravings.
It should be noted that prolonged starvation can cause permanent damage of organs and which may eventually results to death.
Biotic stresses such as pest and disease damage account for 10-30% of crop yield losses while abiotic stresses _______
Answer:
The correct answer will be- such as poor water management and nutrient management leads to 70-90% reduction in the yield.
Explanation:
The productivity of the crops is directly influenced by both biotic factors and abiotic factors.
The factors which are living and reduces the yield of the crops creates biotic stress like pest and disease which result in 10-30% loss in the yield o crops.
The factor which is non-living and creates stress for the crops is known as abiotic stress like poor water and nutrient management which leads to the loss of 70-90% productivity.
Earth’s stratosphere is above Earth’s protective atmosphere, having conditions that are dry and cold, have intense ultraviolet solar radiation, and vacuum-like air pressure. These factors make the stratosphere a great stand-in for the surface of Mars. Why would scientists want to introduce bacteria into Earth’s stratosphere?
Which organisms are called the extremophiles and flourish in extreme conditions?
Answer:
Archaea
Explanation:
Most extremophiles are microorganisms (and a high proportion of these are archaea), but this group also includes eukaryotes such as protists (e.g., algae, fungi and protozoa) and multicellular organisms. Archaea is the main group to thrive in extreme environments.
Which of the following hormones are synthesized in the cell bodies of neurosecretory cells found in the hypothalamus? Antidiuretic hormone
Calcitonin
Insulin
Growth hormone
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Final answer:
The hypothalamus synthesizes the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin, which are then released from the posterior pituitary. Other hormones like growth hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) are produced by the anterior pituitary under the influence of the hypothalamus.
Explanation:
The hormones synthesized in the cell bodies of neurosecretory cells found in the hypothalamus are the antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, and oxytocin. They are transported to and released from the posterior pituitary gland into the circulatory system. These hormones are manufactured in the hypothalamus but stored and secreted by the posterior pituitary.
Other hormones, such as growth hormone (GH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), are produced in the anterior pituitary gland as a result of signaling from the hypothalamus but are not directly synthesized in the hypothalamus itself.
Given the energy charge equation below, if a biological system has an EC = 0.8, what is true about the concentrations of ATP, ADP, and AMP in the system? Choose an answer choice and explain why.
EC = [ATP] + 0.5 [ADP] / [ATP] + [ADP] + [AMP]
a. The concentrations are all equal
b. There is more ADP in the system than ATP or AMP.
c. There is more ATP in the system than ADP or AMP.
d. There is more AMP in the system than ATP and ADP.
Answer:
c. There is more ATP in the system than ADP or AMP.
Explanation:
ATP is an energy molecule, and in the equation is the most important parameter. if you have all concentrations equal, the answer is EC=0.5 independently of the values
If you add more ADP on the system, the total will be reduced due the term on the numerator is divided by 0.5 - values are usually between 0.5-0.6
If you have more ATP on the system the numbers will automatically arise, due the importance of ATP term on the numerator, usually the EC is equal to 0.8-0.87.
If there is more AMP on the system numbers fall because the denominator is much greater than numerator. Usually the EC is equal to 0.5
Which process is used by animals to remove ingested foods that cannot be digested?
Final answer:
Ingestion is the process used by animals to remove ingested foods that cannot be digested. It involves taking in food through the mouth and breaking it down into smaller particles for further processing.
Explanation:
Ingestion
The large molecules found in intact food cannot pass through the cell membranes. Food needs to be broken into smaller particles so that animals can harness the nutrients and organic molecules. The first step in this process is ingestion. Ingestion is the process of taking in food through the mouth. In vertebrates, the teeth, saliva, and tongue play important roles in mastication (preparing the food into bolus).
While the food is being mechanically broken down, the enzymes in saliva begin to chemically process the food as well. The combined action of these processes modifies the food from large particles to a soft mass that can be swallowed and can travel the length of the esophagus.
Matthew and Sofia are packing lunches to take to work. Which of the following lunch choices is highest in folate? 1. tuna salad on whole-wheat bread with a couple of baby carrots 2. cup of canned chicken noodle soup and an apple 3. grilled chicken and brown rice pilaf with sliced almonds 4. lentil stew with enriched pasta and spinach greens salad Request Answer Submit
Answer:
Option 4
Explanation:
Folate is vitamin B and occurs naturally in various food items such as green leafy vegetable, lentils, peas, beans, in fruits such as banana, melon, and enriched products such as bread, juices etc. Folate is essential for making up genetic material or DNA. Out of all given options, option 4 has both lentil and spinach (green leaves) which are rich source of folate. Option 1 has bread as a source of folate. Hence, the correct answer is option 4.
What is the end of the muscle that connects to the bone that moves when the muscle contracts?
The movable end of a muscle that attaches to the bone being pulled when the muscle contracts is called the muscle's insertion. A muscle is also attached to a fixed bone at its other end, known as the origin, and the tension created during muscle contraction is transferred to the bone via tendons.
Explanation:The end of the muscle that connects to the bone that moves when the muscle contracts is called the muscle's insertion. Muscles are attached to bones through tendons, which are strong, dense bands of connective tissue. These tendons transfer the tension created by the contraction of the muscle fibers during movement. A muscle also has an origin, which is the end attached to a fixed or stabilized bone. When muscle contraction occurs, the insertion end of the muscle pulls on the bone to allow movement.
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The individual cells making up a tissue differ from single-celled organisms such as Paramecium in that only the latter:
A. reproduce by mitosis.
B. have subcellular organelles.
C. are capable of extended independent life.
D. can metabolize nutrient molecules.
Answer:
C. are capable of extended independent life.
Explanation:
The single-celled organisms such as Paramecium have only one cell in their bodies. The cells of the unicellular organisms are capable of independent existence as an individual organism. On the other hand, the cells that make up a tissue are not able to survive as an individual organism. The cells of the tissue are specialized to perform some specific functions and cannot perform all the life process independently as the single cell of Paramecium does.
Once macrophages "gobble up" cholesterol-laden LDL and become enlarged, they are transformed into
Answer:
Foam cells
Explanation:
Foam cells are a form of macrophage that is restricted to fatty deposits on blood vessel walls. It feeds on low-density lipoproteins to become enlarge with lipids forming a foam like substance. Hence, it's name foam cells
"Cells, cells they're made of organelles
Try to pull a fast one, the cytoplasm gels
The nucleus takes over controllin' everything
The party don't stop 'till the membrane blocks the scene
Inside the vacuole, we can float around for hours
Running around with chloroplasts, lovin' sunlight showers."
Haha this song is a vibe at this point.
This question is about organelles in cells and is answered using lyrics from a song.
Explanation:This question uses lyrics from a song to introduce various organelles found in cells. The song describes the functions of these organelles such as the nucleus, cytoplasm, membrane, vacuole, and chloroplasts. It provides a fun and memorable way to learn about cell biology.
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The Haloarchaea, extreme __________, are the only form of life to grow in concentrated brine.
1. thermophiles
2. psychrophiles
3. methanophiles
4. halophile
Answer:
4. halophile
Explanation:
Haloarchaea are extremophile microorganisms that require high salt concentrations to grow (up to 10%). This means that they have affinity (phile) for salt (halo).
I hope you find this information useful and interesting! Good luck!
Although the digestive system is primarily responsible for the breakdown of food, this process can be disrupted if the circulatory system malfunctions. The best explanation for this disruption is that:_________ a. human body systems interact with each other to perform life functions
b. the circulatory system is the control center of the body
c. the digestive system and the circulatory system have many organs in common
d. the circulatory system is responsible for the coordination of life functions, including the breakdown of food
Answer:
a. human body systems interact with each other to perform life functions
Explanation:
The digestive system like all other organ systems relies on other organ systems working efficiently for it to work. For example the food digested by the digestive system is transported around the body by the circulatory system. Moreover enzymes and hormones needed by the digestive system are transported to target cells through blood
Final answer:
The disruption of the circulatory system affects the digestive system because they are interdependent, as the circulatory system delivers oxygen and nutrients to the digestive organs and carries away waste. Therefore, the correct option is a. human body systems interact with each other to perform life functions.
Explanation:
The best explanation for why the disruption of the circulatory system affects the digestive system lies in the integration and interdependence of the body's systems. The digestive system and the circulatory system work together to complete the process of digestion and the distribution of nutrients. Among the options provided, correct option would be:
a. human body systems interact with each other to perform life functions.
This is because the circulatory system is essential for providing the digestive organs with the necessary oxygen and processed nutrients, and it is also involved in removing waste products from the digestion process. The veins of the digestive system, particularly the hepatic portal system, carry nutrient-rich blood to the liver for processing before it returns to the heart. Furthermore, if the circulatory system malfunctions, it hampers the transportation of nutrients and the removal of waste, compromising the entire process of digestion and nutrient absorption.
Acid precipitation lowered the pH of the soil in a terrestrial ecosystem that supported a diverse community of plants and animals. The decrease in pH eliminated all nitrogen-fixing bacteria populations in the area.
Which prediction most accurately reflects the impact this will have on the community?
A. The decrease in pH actually increases the availability of soil nutrients, so other nutrients that were less available cause an increase in primary production and an increase in biomass at other trophic levels.
B. Primary producers will suffer from nitrogen deficiency and the entire community will experience a decrease in carrying capacity.
C. Plants can obtain the nitrogen necessary for growth from the atmosphere, but bacterial communities will be negatively impacted.
D. Since phosphorus can replace nitrogen as an essential nutrient, the impact will be minimal.
Answer: B. Primary producers will suffer from nitrogen deficiency and the entire community will experience a decrease in carrying capacity.
Explanation:
Carrying capacity is the ability of the environment to support the growth and abundance of maximum number of members of the species or diversity of species on the basis of the availability of the resources in the environment.
According to the given situation, acid precipitation will lower the pH of the soil. This will likely to eliminate the nitrogen fixing bacteria. The lack of appreciable concentration of nitrogen in the soil will likely to affect the population of primary producers like plants. The reduction in abundance of plants or primary producers will cause the decrease in carrying capacity of the entire community of animals, birds and humans which are dependent on primary producers as a source of food.
__________ are an example of engineering controls to limit exposure to bloodborne pathogens.
Answer: Occupational safety and health administration (OSHA)
Explanation:
it is a fedral agency set aside to enforce procedures or protocols to protect employees at the risks of exposure to blood borne pathogens and other infectious materials.
OSHA sets standards for protection of employees against these pathogens,end enforce the standard to be followed.
They also ensure protection of employees in other departments .e.g induvidual in construction.
The Andes developed from a convergence between a tectonic plate carrying oceanic crust and another carrying continental crust.
Answer:
TRUE
Explanation:
The Andes mountain has resulted due to the sharing of a convergent plate boundary between the Nazca plate (oceanic plate) and the South American plate (continental plate). It forms extensively the longest continental mountain ranges.
The Nazca plate, due to its greater denser subducts below the South American, as a result of which a subduction zone is created. The downgoing plate melts at greater depth and mixes up with the magma and due to the force exerted by the convection current, the magma again rises upward. This is how the San Andes mountains have formed over millions of years.
Thus, the above statement is true.
The emergent property of "life" appears at the level of the ____, when many molecules become organized.
a. population
b. atom
c. organism
d. cell
Answer:
D. Cell
Explanation:
Cells are the structural and functional unit of life. Cells are made up of various organelles, the liquid cytosol and nucleus in the case of eukaryotic cells. Biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, etc. form various cell organelles. However, cells have level has emergent properties, the features that are not found at lower levels. For instance, cells are able to perform the life processes and distinguish the living things from non-living ones.
The emergent property of 'life' appears at the cell level when many molecules become organized. This phenomenon is a classic example of an emergent property in biological systems.
Explanation:The emergent property of 'life' appears at the level of the d. cell, when many molecules become organized. In biological systems, an emergent property is a property that a collection or complex system has, but which the individual members do not have. A classic example of this is the transition from amino acids to a living cell. Amino acids alone do not exhibit the characteristics of life. When combined in certain ways to form proteins and then further organized into cells, however, life appears as an emergent property.
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Chorionic villi sampling (CVS) is a test to determine whether fetal cells have genetic abnormalities and can be performed as early as 8 weeks. Chorionic villi cells are removed using a small tube that is passed through the cervix. These cells are cultured and undergo chromosomal analysis.
Explain why chorionic villi cells will determine whether the fetus has genetic abnormalities.
Answer:
The zygote is formed by the fusion of the male and female gamete during the process of sexual reproduction. Chorionic villi sampling (CVS) is used to determine the sex of the baby and genetic abnormalities.
The fetal cells and chorionic villi has the same genome. The villib are derved from the cells known as trophoblast that are known to form the blastocyst outer layer. This provide nutrition to the embryo through the placenta. These cells first differentiate from the egg and shares the same genetic makeup. Any abnormalities in these cells shows the genetic abnormalites.
What factors contribute to elderly clients being at higher risk of injury while taking antihistamines?A) Hearing lossB) Steady gaitC) Visual impairmentD) HypertensionE) Diabetes
Answer:
Option- (c), it is the best option to choose from the given options.Explanation:
Anti-histamine:To treat certain allergies and specifically the rhinitis(swelling of the mucus membrane of the nose, characterized by a runny nose and stuffiness caused by seasonal allergies or any common colds.
Effects on elderly clientsThere are factors like weak body and impairment of the immune systems in the human body.As it leads to more complications for the elderly people as the use excessive drugs. Along with that development of mucus cells are at a low rate, and swelling causes the nerves present near the nose to stop working in the proper manner or rhythm. loss of visual sense occurs due to damaged nerves in the area which is swelled up, and it give rise to even more complications.
Answer:D
Explanation:
Becos it will speed up the blood pressure and the heart beat rate. They also prevent high blood pressure drugs from working
Some human structures and their functions are listed below. In a single-celled organism such as an amoeba, all these functions can be performed by the________________.
The correct option is d.
In an amoeba, a single-celled organism, all functions such as absorption of oxygen and excretion of carbon dioxide, excretion of salts and nitrogenous wastes, and absorption of water, are performed by the cell membrane. It allows needed materials to enter and waste to exit, replicating functions of specific human structures like the alveoli, kidneys and large intestine.
Explanation:In a single-celled organism like an amoeba, all the functions mentioned (absorption of oxygen and excretion of carbon dioxide, excretion of salts and nitrogenous wastes, and absorption of water) can be performed by the cell membrane. This function is similar to that of the human structures: alveoli, kidney, and the large intestine. The cell membrane of an amoeba allows necessary materials like oxygen and water to enter the cell, and eliminates waste products such as salts, nitrogenous wastes, and carbon dioxide through a process called diffusion.
Just as the respiratory organs in humans provide oxygen and remove carbon dioxide, and kidneys excrete salts and nitrogenous wastes, the cell membrane in amoebas performs the same roles. Additionally, the amoeba does not have a specialized structure for water absorption like the human large intestine; instead, this function is also covered by the versatile cell membrane.
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The complete question is given below:
Some human structures and their functions are listed below.
alveoli- absorption of oxygen, excretion of carbon dioxidekidney- excretion of salts and nitrogenous wasteslarge intestine- absorption of waterIn a single-celled organism such as an amoeba, all these functions can be performed by the:
a. nucleus
b. ribosomes
c. mitochondria
d. cell membrane
For a long time, the fact that immigrants from eastern Europe, Asia, and Latin America tended to be shorter than native-born Americans was taken as evidence that there were inherent racial differences between these populations. However, the immigrants had children who grew up to be as tall as anyone else. Geneticists now tell us that, although there can be considerable variation in height within a group due to genetics, height differences between groups are largely caused by diet. What does this demonstrate?
This showed that diet has influences on frequencies of expression of genes for height,(20-40%), although genetics control the inheritance (60-80%)
Explanation: