Final answer:
The reactivity of marble increases with temperature due to the enlargement of calcite crystals and the recrystallization of the rock. Increased temperature can lead to a faster chemical reaction rate, especially with powdered marble, which has a larger surface area exposed for reactions.
Explanation:
As temperature increases, the reactivity of marble will also increase. Marble is comprised mainly of calcite, which is altered under heat or pressure to form calcium carbonate. When marble is exposed to high temperatures, such as around 400°C, and various confining pressures, its calcite crystals tend to grow larger and the rock recrystallizes, essentially transforming the limestone base into a denser and typically white rock, often with colorful markings due to impurities.
Moreover, the reaction rate with marble in chemical processes can be influenced by temperature and the physical form of the marble. For instance, powdered marble, with its increased surface area, reacts faster than larger marble chips. The smaller the marble particles, the more surface molecules are exposed, facilitating a quicker reaction when the temperature is raised.
Thus, in contexts such as artistic sculpting or architectural use, where marble's durability and aesthetic qualities are prized, understanding the impact of temperature on its reactivity and structure is crucial.
Which of the following best explains why electroplating is a useful process in many industries?
Answer: A.
Explanation: it makes some inexpensive materials look more appealing
Which would increase the rate of dissolving? Check all that apply.
A) low temperature
B) little to no agitation
C) more surface area
D) high temperature
E) a lot of agitation
F) little surface area
Explanation:
Rate of dissolving is the rate at which a solute is able to dissolve in a solvent.
Some factors which affect the rate of dissolving are as follows.
More surface area : When there are more number of particles then it means there is more surface area of solute present in the solution. Thus, there will be more number of collisions between the solute and solvent molecules. As a result, rate of dissolving increases.
High temperature : More is the increase in temperature more will be the kinetic energy gained by molecules. Thus, this will lead to greater number of collisions and as a result, rate of dissolving increases.
Lot of agitation : When we stir a solution vigorously or create a disturbance then there will be increase in number of collisions which will also lead to increase in rate of dissolving.
Thus, we can conclude that the rate of dissolving would increase when there is:
more surface area.high temperature. a lot of agitation.Calculate the change in the enthalpy and the change in entropy when 1 mole of sic is heated from 25 ° c to 1000 °
c. the constant pressure molar heat capacity of sic varies with temperature as
The change in enthalpy for 1 mole of SiC, heated from 25°C to 1000°C, is calculated to be 1306.5 J using the constant pressure molar heat capacity formula.
Calculating the change in enthalpy of SiC:
1. Identifying the relevant information:
Substance: 1 mole of SiC (silicon carbide)
Temperature change: 25°C to 1000°C
Constant pressure molar heat capacity (cp): 1.34 J/mol°C
2. Recalling the enthalpy equation:
ΔH = n * cp * (T2 - T1)
where:
ΔH is the change in enthalpy (J)
n is the number of moles
cp is the constant pressure molar heat capacity (J/mol°C)
T1 is the initial temperature (°C)
T2 is the final temperature (°C)
3. Applying the equation to the given information:
n = 1 mole
cp = 1.34 J/mol°C
T1 = 25°C
T2 = 1000°C
4. Substituting the values and calculating ΔH:
ΔH = 1 mole * 1.34 J/mol°C * (1000°C - 25°C)
ΔH = 1306.5 J
Therefore, the change in enthalpy for 1 mole of SiC when heated from 25°C to 1000°C is 1306.5 J.
Complete question:
Calculate the change in the enthalpy and the change in entropy when 1 mole of SiC is heated from 25°C to 1000°C·The constant pressure molar heat capacity ofSiC varies with temperature as cp = 50.79 + 1.97 x 10^-3T-4.92 x 10^6T^-2 + 8.20 x 10^9 T-3 J/mol-K
A pure silver ring contains 5.15×1022 silver atoms. how many moles of silver atoms does it contain? express the number of moles to two significant figures.
To find the number of moles of silver atoms in the silver ring, divide the number of particles by Avogadro's number.
Explanation:To find the number of moles of silver atoms in the silver ring, we can use Avogadro's number. Avogadro's number tells us that 1 mole of any substance contains 6.022 x 10^23 particles. In this case, we are given that the silver ring contains 5.15 x 10^22 silver atoms. We can use the following equation:
Number of moles = Number of particles / Avogadro's number
Substituting the given values, we get:
Number of moles = 5.15 x 10^22 silver atoms / (6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mol) ≈ 0.0855 mol ≈ 0.086 mol (rounded to two significant figures)
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During _____ water dissolves a mineal to form a solution
The Kc for the following reaction at 225 ∘C is 1.7×102. 3H2(g)+N2(g)⇌2NH3(g)
If the equilibrium mixture contains 0.15 M H2 and 0.017 M N2, what is the molar concentration of NH3?
I have no idea what I am doing wrong here, help!
Answer:
Molar concentration of ammonia gas is 0.0987 M.
Explanation:
Concentration of hydrogen gas = [tex][H_2]=0.15 M[/tex]
Concentration of nitrogen gas = [tex][N_2]=0.017 M[/tex]
Concentration of ammonia gas = [tex][NH_3]=x[/tex]
Equilibrium constant of the reaction = [tex]K_c=1.7\times 10^2[/tex]
[tex]K_c=\frac{[NH_3]^2}{[H_2]^3\times [N_2]}[/tex]
[tex]1.7\times 10^2=\frac{x^2}{(0.15 M)^3\times (0.017 M)}[/tex]
[tex]9.5737\times 10^{-3} M^2=x^2[/tex]
x = 0.0987 M
Molar concentration of ammonia gas is 0.0987 M.
The molar concentration of NH₃ is approximately 0.0987 M.
To find the molar concentration of NH₃, we use the equilibrium constant expression.
Step-by-Step Solution:
Write the equilibrium constant expression:
Kc = [NH₃]₂ / ([H₂]₃ × [N₂])
Insert the known values into the expression:
1.7 × 10² = [NH₃]₂ / (0.15)³ × 0.017
Solve for [NH₃]:
First, compute the denominator:
(0.15)³ = 0.003375 and 0.003375 × 0.017 = 5.7375 × 10⁻⁵
Now solve for [NH₃]₂:
[NH₃]₂ = 1.7 × 10² × 5.7375 × 10⁻⁵
[NH₃]₂ = 0.00975475
Finally, take the square root of both sides to find [NH₃]:
[NH₃] = √0.00975475
[NH₃] ≈ 0.0987 M
Therefore, the molar concentration of NH₃ is approximately 0.0987 M.
An igneous rock contains a pb-206/u-238 mass ratio of 0.372. how old is the rock?
The age of the igneous rock with a Pb-206/U-238 mass ratio of 0.372 is approximately 1.7 billion years old, determined by the amount of U-238 that has decayed to Pb-206 and using the known half-life of U-238.
To determine the age of the igneous rock using its lead to uranium mass ratio, we apply the principles of radioactive decay, specifically the decay of Uranium-238 (U-238) into Lead-206 (Pb-206). Since each decay of U-238 produces one Pb-206, we can use this information to calculate the amount of U-238 that has decayed since the rock was formed. Knowing the half-life of U-238 is approximately 4.5 billion years, and the initial quantity of U-238 present would be equal to the sum of current U-238 and the Pb-206 produced from its decay.
The given Pb-206/U-238 mass ratio is 0.372. From this ratio, we can determine the fraction of U-238 that has decayed. Using the appropriate decay equation and the half-life, we can calculate the correct answer to be approximately 1.7 billion years, which is the approximate age of the rock.
The age of the rock is approximately 2.2 billion years.
To determine the age of the rock based on the Pb-206/U-238 mass ratio, we use the concept of radioactive decay and the uranium-lead (U-Pb) dating method.
Understanding Uranium-Lead Dating:
Uranium-238 (U-238) is a radioactive isotope that decays into lead-206 (Pb-206) through a series of radioactive decay steps.
The rate of decay of U-238 to Pb-206 is characterized by a half-life, which is the time it takes for half of the U-238 atoms to decay into Pb-206.
Using the Pb-206/U-238 Mass Ratio:
The Pb-206/U-238 mass ratio in the rock gives us information about the amount of lead-206 relative to uranium-238 at the time of rock formation.
The Pb-206/U-238 ratio changes over time due to the radioactive decay of uranium-238 into lead-206.
Calculating the Age:
The age of the rock can be calculated using the formula derived from radioactive decay principles.
We use the formula:
Age = log(Pb-206/U-238 ratio) / log(e^(λt) - 1)
Where:
λ is the decay constant of uranium-238.
t is the age of the rock in years.
Substituting Values:
Given that the Pb-206/U-238 mass ratio (R) = 0.372, we can rearrange the formula to solve for the age (t).
We use the decay constant (λ) of uranium-238.
Using Decay Constants:
The decay constant (λ) for uranium-238 is approximately 1.551 × 10⁻¹⁰ per year.
Calculating Age:
Substitute the values into the age formula to calculate the age of the rock:
Calculate log(0.372) ≈ -0.430.
Substitute the values into the age equation:
Age ≈ -0.430 / (1.551 × 10⁻¹⁰) ≈ 2.77 × 10⁹ years.
Final Answer:
The calculated age of the rock is approximately 2.77 × 10⁹ years, which is equivalent to about 2.2 billion years (since 1 billion years = 10⁹ years).
Therefore, based on the Pb-206/U-238 mass ratio of 0.372 in the igneous rock, the estimated age of the rock is approximately 2.2 billion years.
Which of the following systems possesses the highest entropy?
A. a sugar crystal in a hot cup of coffee
B. a sugar cube in a hot cup of coffee
C. powdered sugar in a hot cup of coffee
D. no sugar in a hot cup of coffee
Answer: Option (C) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Entropy means the degree of randomness in a substance or object. This means more is the kinetic energy of particles of an object more will be its entropy.
For example, powdered sugar will have more number of particles and when it is added in a hot cup of coffee then its molecules will gain kinetic energy.
As a result, more number of collisions will take place due to which rate of reaction will also increase. Hence, powdered sugar will readily dissolve in the coffee.
Therefore, we can conclude that powdered sugar in a hot cup of coffee systems possesses the highest entropy.
He concentration of the appetite-regulating hormone ghrelin is about 1.3 × 10-10 m in the blood of a fasting person. how many molecules of ghrelin are in 1 l of blood?
There are approximately 7.81x 10¹³ molecules of ghrelin in 1 liter of blood.
A fasting individual has a very low ghrelin content in their blood, around 1.3 x 10²⁰ moles per litre. Avogadro's number—the number of molecules per mole—can be used to compute ghrelin molecules per litre of blood.
We compute the number of molecules using the formula:
Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Avogadro's number = Number of molecules.
Change the values:
Number of molecules = [tex]1.3 *10^{-10}\ mol/L * 1 L * 6.022 *10^{23}\ mol/mol.[/tex]
In 1 litre of blood, roughly 7.81 x 10¹³ ghrelin molecules are produced. This exceedingly low value shows how sensitive biological systems are to even tiny quantities of appetite-regulating signalling chemicals like ghrelin.
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To calculate the number of ghrelin molecules in 1 L of blood with a concentration of 1.3 × 10^-10 M, multiply this concentration by Avogadro's number, resulting in approximately 78.3 × 10^13 molecules.
Explanation:The concentration of the appetite-regulating hormone ghrelin is about 1.3 × 10^-10 M in the blood of a fasting person. To find out how many molecules of ghrelin are in 1 L of blood, we can use Avogadro's number, which is 6.022 × 10^23 molecules/mol. Multiplying the molarity of ghrelin by Avogadro's number gives us the total number of ghrelin molecules per liter of blood.
To calculate:
Number of molecules = (Concentration in molarity) × (Avogadro's number)= (1.3 × 10^-10 M) × (6.022 × 10^23 molecules/mol)≈ 78.3 × 10^13 moleculesTherefore, there are approximately 78.3 × 10^13 molecules of ghrelin in 1 liter of blood.
What are two things that characterize the practice of science
How many grams of water are needed to dissolve 27.8 g of ammonium nitrate?
Consider a 20.0 % (m/v) solution. how can this be written as a conversion factor?
For this ionic compound, what would be the name of the anion? KMnO4 A. potassite B. potassiate C. permanganite D. permanganate
In the ionic compound KmNO₄, the name of the anion is permanganate. Therefore, option D is correct.
Ionic compounds are compounds that are composed of ions held together by electrostatic forces called ionic bonds. These compounds are typically formed between a metal cation and a nonmetal anion.
In an ionic compound, the metal cation donates one or more electrons to the nonmetal anion. It results in the formation of positively and negatively charged ions. The attraction between these opposite charges leads to the formation of a stable crystal lattice structure.
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what are the common parts of nucleotide?
What acid and base are neutralized to give potassium nitrate salt?
The compound HA is an acid that is soluble in water which of the beakers in the picture shows HA behaving as a weak acid in water?
Final answer:
To identify the beaker showing HA behaving as a weak acid, we need to look for the beaker in which the concentration of H3O+ and A- is relatively low, indicating partial dissociation.
Explanation:
In the given question, we are asked to identify the beaker that shows the acid HA behaving as a weak acid in water.
A weak acid is one that only partially dissociates in water, creating a small amount of hydronium ions (H3O+) and the conjugate base (A-). Strong acids, on the other hand, completely dissociate into hydronium ions and the conjugate base.
To identify the beaker showing HA behaving as a weak acid, we need to look for the beaker in which the concentration of H3O+ and A- is relatively low, indicating partial dissociation.
How many moles of Co2 are produced when 0.2 moles of sodium carbonate reacts with excess HCl
32.7 grams of water vapor takes up how many liters at standard temperature and pressure (273 K and 100 kPa)?
What term describes a mixture of 42 percent gold, 20 percent silver, and 38 percent copper?
a) solute
b) alloy
c) solvent
d) electrolyte
Calculate the standard emf of a cell that uses the mg/mg2+ and cu/cu2+ half-cell reactions at 25 °c. write the equation for the cell reaction that occurs under standard-state conditions and write the line notation for the cell.
The cell reaction that occurs is as follows:
[tex]\boxed{{\text{Mg + C}}{{\text{u}}^{{\text{2 + }}}} \rightleftarrows {\text{M}}{{\text{g}}^{2 + }}{\text{ + Cu}}}[/tex]
The line notation of cell is as follows:
[tex]\left. {{\text{Mg}}\left( {\text{s}} \right)} \right|{\text{M}}{{\text{g}}^{2 + }}\left( {{a_{{\text{M}}{{\text{g}}^{2 + }}}}} \right)\left\| {{\text{C}}{{\text{u}}^{2 + }}\left( {{a_{{\text{C}}{{\text{u}}^{2 + }}}}} \right)\left| {{\text{Cu}}\left( {\text{s}} \right)} \right.} \right.[/tex]
The standard emf value of the cell is [tex]\boxed{2.7{\text{ V}}}[/tex].
Further Explanation:
Redox reaction:
It is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of atoms are changed. In this reaction, both reduction and oxidation are carried out at the same time. Such reactions are characterized by the transfer of electrons between the species involved in the reaction.
The general representation of a redox reaction is,
[tex]{\text{X}} + {\text{Y}} \to {{\text{X}}^ + }+{{\text{Y}}^ - }[/tex]
The oxidation half-reaction can be written as:
[tex]{\text{X}} \to {{\text{X}}^ + } + {e^ - }[/tex]
The reduction half-reaction can be written as:
[tex]{\text{Y}} + {e^ - } \to {{\text{Y}}^ - }[/tex]
Here, X is getting oxidized and its oxidation state changes from to +1 whereas B is getting reduced and its oxidation state changes from 0 to -1.
The element which has higher oxidation potential is oxidized at anode and the element with the less oxidation potential is reduced at cathode in the cell.
The standard oxidation potential for [tex]{\text{Mg/M}}{{\text{g}}^{2 + }}[/tex] is [tex]+ 2.363{\text{ V}}[/tex].
The standard oxidation potential for [tex]{\text{Cu/C}}{{\text{u}}^{2 + }}[/tex] is [tex]- 0.337{\text{ V}}[/tex].
Since [tex]{\text{Mg}}[/tex] has higher oxidation potential thus the oxidation of [tex]{\text{Mg}}[/tex] takes place at anode and reduction of [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{u}}^{2 + }}[/tex] takes place at cathode.
The oxidation half-reaction of [tex]{\text{Mg/M}}{{\text{g}}^{2 + }}[/tex] can be written as:
[tex]{\text{Mg}} \to {\text{M}}{{\text{g}}^{2 + }} + 2{e^ - }[/tex] ......(1)
The reduction half-reaction [tex]{\text{Cu/C}}{{\text{u}}^{2 + }}[/tex] can be written as:
[tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{u}}^{2 + }} + 2{e^ - } \to {\text{Cu}}[/tex] ......(2)
Add reaction (1) and (2) and eliminate common terms to determine the net reaction for the given cell.
[tex]{\text{Mg + C}}{{\text{u}}^{{\text{2 + }}}} \rightleftarrows {\text{M}}{{\text{g}}^{2 + }}{\text{ + Cu}}[/tex] ......(3)
The expression of the cell is written as follows:
[tex]\left. {{\text{Mg}}\left( {\text{s}} \right)} \right|{\text{M}}{{\text{g}}^{2 + }}\left( {{a_{{\text{M}}{{\text{g}}^{2 + }}}}} \right)\left\| {{\text{C}}{{\text{u}}^{2 + }}\left( {{a_{{\text{C}}{{\text{u}}^{2 + }}}}} \right)\left| {{\text{Cu}}\left( {\text{s}} \right)} \right.} \right.[/tex] ......(4)
The expression to calculate the standard emf of the cell is as follows:
[tex]E_{{\text{cell}}}^0 = E_{{\text{anode}}}^0 - E_{{\text{cathode}}}^0[/tex] ......(5)
Substitute [tex]+ 2.363{\text{ V}}[/tex] for [tex]E_{{\text{anode}}}^0[/tex] and [tex]- 0.337{\text{ V}}[/tex] for [tex]E_{{\text{cathode}}}^0[/tex] in equation (5).
[tex]\begin{aligned}E_{{\text{cell}}}^0&=\left({ + 2.363{\text{ V}}}\right)-\left( { - 0.337{\text{ V}}} \right)\\&= 2.7{\text{ V}}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]
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Answer details:
Grade: Senior School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Electrochemistry
Keywords: Mg/M2+, Cu/Cu2+, half-cell reaction, standard emf of the cell, oxidation state, reduction, oxidation, redox reaction, transfer of electrons, reducing agents, oxidizing agents.
To calculate the standard emf of a cell with Mg/Mg2+ and Cu/Cu2+ at 25 °C, subtract the anode potential (-2.37 V) from the cathode potential (+0.34 V) to get +2.71 V, indicating a spontaneous reaction. The line notation for the cell is Mg(s) | Mg2+(aq) || Cu2+(aq) | Cu(s).
Explanation:To calculate the standard emf of a cell using the Mg/Mg2+ and Cu/Cu2+ half-cell reactions at 25 °C, we use the standard reduction potentials from the electrochemical series. The standard reduction potential for the Mg2+ to Mg half-cell is -2.37 V and for the Cu2+ to Cu half-cell is +0.34 V. Because oxidation occurs at the anode and reduction at the cathode, the Mg/Mg2+ cell will act as the anode and the Cu/Cu2+ cell as the cathode.
The overall cell reaction, under standard conditions, is derived by combining the half-reactions:
Mg(s) -> Mg2+(aq) + 2e- (Oxidation)
Cu2+(aq) + 2e- -> Cu(s) (Reduction)
When combined, the overall reaction is:
Mg(s) + Cu2+(aq) -> Mg2+(aq) + Cu(s)
The standard cell potential (Ecell) is calculated by taking the difference between the standard reduction potentials of the cathode and anode:
Ecell = Ecathode(red) - Eanode(ox) = 0.34 V - (-2.37 V) = +2.71 V
The positive value of Ecell indicates that the reaction is spontaneous under standard conditions. The line notation for the cell is:
Mg(s) | Mg2+(aq) || Cu2+(aq) | Cu(s)
A certain reaction with an activation energy of 205 kj/mol was run at 485 k and again at 505 k . what is the ratio of f at the higher temperature to f at the lower temperature?
Final answer:
The ratio of the frequency of effective collisions for a reaction at higher to lower temperature can be found using the Arrhenius equation, which illustrates that the reaction rate increases with temperature due to more molecules having sufficient energy to overcome the activation energy barrier.
Explanation:
The question revolves around the concept known as the Arrhenius equation, which describes how the rate of a chemical reaction is affected by changes in temperature and activation energy. The ratio 'f' represents the frequency of effective collisions leading to a reaction. The Arrhenius equation suggests that as temperature increases, the rate constant of the reaction also increases because a greater fraction of molecules will have the necessary energy to overcome the activation energy barrier.
To calculate the ratio of the frequency of effective collisions at two different temperatures for a reaction with an activation energy (Ea) of 205 kJ/mol, we use the Arrhenius equation:
K = Ae-(Ea/RT)
Where K is the rate constant, A is the frequency factor, Ea is the activation energy, R is the gas constant (8.314 J/mol K), and T is the temperature in kelvins. By taking the ratio of the rate constants at 505 K and 485 K (K2/K1), we can find the ratio of 'f' at the higher temperature to the lower temperature.
The analysis of the change in reaction mechanism with temperature typically shows that, as seen with a reaction with a lower activation energy of 54 kJ/mol, a temperature increase, even by 10 degrees Celsius, can significantly impact the reaction rate, often doubling it. While the exact ratio of 'f' would require computation, the concept remains that the reaction rate will increase with temperature due to the exponential factor in the Arrhenius equation.
Explain how a redox reacation involves electrons in the same way that a neutralization reaction involves protons
Redox and neutralization reactions both involve the transfer of particles. Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons, with one component gaining and another losing electrons. Neutralization reactions involve the transfer of protons or hydrogen ions, where an acid donates a proton that a base accepts.
Explanation:A redox reaction and a neutralization reaction both involve the transfer of particles, but they differ in the type of particle that is transferred. In a redox reaction (which stands for reduction-oxidation), the key particles involved are electrons. During this type of reaction, one atom loses electrons (oxidation) and another atom gains electrons (reduction). For example, when copper reacts with silver nitrate in solution, silver is reduced (gains electrons) and copper is oxidized (loses electrons).
On the other hand, a neutralization reaction is a type of reaction between an acid and a base. Here, the primary particles involved are protons (or hydrogen ions, H+). An acid donates a proton (H+) and a base receives it. For example, when hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), HCl donates a proton to OH-, neutralizing both the acid and base to form water and a salt.
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The state of refrigerant as it exits a compressor is a
A. high-pressure liquid.
B. low-pressure liquid.
C. high-pressure vapor.
D. low-pressure vapor.
The refrigerant exits a compressor as a high-pressure vapor due to the mechanical energy applied during compression, which raises both pressure and temperature. Hence, correct option C.
The state of refrigerant as it exits a compressor in a vapor compression system is high-pressure vapor. During the compression phase in vapor compression cooling systems, mechanical energy is applied to the refrigerant, causing both pressure and temperature to rise. This process changes the state of the refrigerant from a low-pressure vapor, which it is when it enters the compressor, to a high-pressure vapor as it exits the compressor. The high-pressure vapor is subsequently cooled and condensed in the condenser, transferring heat to the surroundings and turning into a high-pressure liquid ready to go through the cycle again.
A jogger runs 107 yd in 10.00 seconds. What would be his time for a 483 m run at the same rate?
The jogger's speed is first converted to meters per second, and then the time for the 483-meter run is calculated using the speed and the formula time = distance/speed, resulting in approximately 49.38 seconds.
The student's question involves converting units and calculating time based on a given rate of speed. The jogger runs 107 yards in 10.00 seconds, and we need to determine the time it would take for a 483-meter run at the same rate.
Since 1 yard is roughly equivalent to 0.9144 meters, the jogger's speed in meters per second (m/s) can be calculated as: (107 yards × 0.9144 m/yard) / 10 s = 9.77928 m/s.
Now, to find the time for a 483-meter run at the same speed, we use the equation time = distance/speed, which gives us: 483 m / 9.77928 m/s = approximately 49.38 seconds.
when 42.66 grams of PCl5 react with excess P4O10 the amount of product formed is 47.22 grams of POCl3. What is the percent yield
Percent yield or yield is mathematically defined as:
Yield = Actual amount / Theoretical amount
So to solve the yield, let us first calculate the theoretical amount of POCl3 produced. The balanced chemical reaction for this is:
6 PCl5 + P4O10 ---> 10 POCl3
Since P4O10 is stated to be supplied in large amount, then PCl5 becomes the limiting reactant.
So we calculate for POCl3 based on PCl5. To do this let us convert the amount into moles: (molar mass PCl5 = 208.24 g/mol)
n PCl5 = 42.66 grams / (208.24 g/mol)
n PCl5 = 0.205 mol
Now based on the stoichiometric ratio of the reaction:
n POCl3 = 0.205 mol (10
POCl3 / 6 PCl5)
n POCl3 = 0.3414 mol POCl3
Converting to mass (molar mass POCl3 = 153.33 g/mol)
m POCl3 = 0.3414 mol (153.33 g/mol)
m POCl3 = 52.35 g
Calculating for yield:
Yield = 47.22 g/ 52.35 g
Yield = 0.902
%Yield = 90.2 % (ANSWER)
The percent yield of POCl₃ is calculated by dividing the actual yield (47.22 grams) by the theoretical yield (52.36 grams), then multiplying by 100 to obtain a percent yield of 90.18%.
To calculate the percent yield of POCl₃, we first need the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between PCl₅ and P₄O₁₀. The equation is:
6 PCl₅ + P₄O₁₀ → 10 POCl₃
Next, we will convert the mass of PCl₅ to moles:
Molar mass of PCl₅ = 208.24 g/mol
Moles of PCl₅ = 42.66 g / 208.24 g/mol = 0.2049 moles
Using the stoichiometry of the balanced equation, we calculate the theoretical yield of POCl₃:
For every mole of PCl₅, (10/6) moles of POCl₃ are produced. Therefore, the moles of POCl₃ produced from 0.2049 moles of PCl₅ are:
Moles of POCl₃ = 0.2049 moles PCl₅ × (10/6) = 0.3415 moles
Molar mass of POCl₃ = 153.33 g/mol
Theoretical yield of POCl₃ = 0.3415 moles × 153.33 g/mol = 52.36 grams
Now, we can calculate the percent yield:
Percent yield = (Actual yield / Theoretical yield) × 100
Percent yield = (47.22 g / 52.36 g) × 100 = 90.18%
Therefore, the percent yield of POCl₃ is 90.18%.
Argon crystallizes in the face-centered cubic arrangement at 40k. given that the atomic radius of argon is 191 pm, calculate the density of solid argon.
Final answer:
To calculate the density of solid argon at 40 K, we first determine the edge length of the unit cell using the atomic radius, then calculate the volume of the unit cell. We then find the mass of argon in the unit cell using its atomic weight and Avogadro's number and divide the mass by the volume to find the density.
Explanation:
To calculate the density of solid argon, we can follow these steps:
First, we need to know the edge length a of the face-centered cubic unit cell. Since argon has a face-centered cubic arrangement and the atomic radius is given as 191 pm, we can use the equation for the face-centered cubic structure a = 2√2×r, where r is the atomic radius.Next, we calculate the volume of the unit cell by cubing the edge length: V = a³.Since there are four argon atoms per face-centered cubic unit cell, we multiply the number of atoms by the atomic weight of argon (39.948 g/mol) to get the mass of argon contained within one unit cell.To find the density (ρ), we divide the mass of the unit cell by its volume and then convert the units to the desired kg/m³.Remember to use Avogadro's number (6.022×10²³ mol¹) when converting from grams per mole to grams per unit cell.By using the appropriate equations and constants, we can find the value for the density of solid argon at 40 K.
In determining the percent acetic acid in vinegar, the mass of each of vinegar sample is measured rather than the volume. explain.
Final answer:
When determining the percent acetic acid in vinegar, measuring the mass of vinegar is preferred over volume because mass is not affected by temperature and concentration changes. The mass can be used to calculate moles of acetic acid, which is then used to find molarity or mole fraction.
Explanation:
In the analysis of vinegar, it is often more accurate to measure the mass of the vinegar sample rather than the volume because mass is not affected by temperature or concentration variations as volume can be. When determining the percent acetic acid in vinegar, we can use the sample's mass to calculate the number of moles of acetic acid present. Let's say we have a sample where the concentration of acetic acid was previously found to be 0.839 Molarity (M). If we find that a certain volume of vinegar contains 75.6 g of acetic acid, we can use the molarity and the mass of acetic acid to determine the volume of the vinegar solution.
To calculate the mole fraction of acetic acid in the solution, the masses of both acetic acid and water in the sample are required. Using an example from LibreTexts, if 100.0 g of vinegar contains 3.78 g of acetic acid, then there are 96.2 g of water in the solution. From the masses, we determine the moles of acetic acid and water and then divide the number of moles of acetic acid by the total number of moles of substances in the sample to get the mole fraction.
Determine the number of protons neutrons and electrons in an isotope that has 21 neutrons and a mass number of 40
What is the maximum mass of s8 that can be produced by combining 87.0 g of each reactant? 8so2+16h2s=3s8+16h20?
To find the maximum mass of S8 produced, we first convert mass of the reactants to moles, then use stoichiometry to find the amount of S8 each can produce. The reactant that produces the least S8 is the limiting reactant. Finally, we convert the moles of S8 to grams.
Explanation:The calculation for maximum mass of S8 that can be produced in the reaction 8SO2 + 16H2S = 3S8 + 16H2O, first requires understanding of how to use stoichiometry and limiting reactants concept. We start by converting the given mass of the reactants (87.0 g) to moles using their molar mass. For SO2, it's 64 g/mol and for H2S, it's 34 g/mol. We get 1.36 mol of SO2 and 2.56 mol of H2S.
Then, by using the stoichiometric coefficients present in the balanced equation, we'll find the amount of S8 that can be produced by each reactant. The limiting reactant is the one which produces least amount of product. In this case, it's SO2. Finally, we convert the moles of S8 to grams using its molar mass (256 g/mol).
Learn more about Stoichiometry here:https://brainly.com/question/34828728
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