Black vs. white surfaces' heat absorption and radiation explained.
Black is a better absorber and radiator of heat compared to white. On a sunny day, black surfaces such as asphalt get hotter than lighter surfaces like gray sidewalk because black absorbs heat more efficiently. Conversely, at night, black surfaces cool down faster than lighter surfaces due to their better radiative properties.
What process requires water to gain heat energy from the environment
Answer:
1) Evaporation
Explanation: It would be evaporation because it requires water to gain 2,260 J/g.
What are the properties of metal that make it a useful material for electricians?
Convert the following:
When rocks undergo metamorphic changes, chemical reactions cause minerals to recrystallize or change form. which agent provides the energy for these reactions?
What is an alpha particle?
A particle consisting of a positively charged electron
A particle consisting of one proton and two neutrons
A particle consisting of two protons and two electrons
A particle consisting of two protons and two neutrons
"The correct answer is d. An alpha particle consists of two protons and two neutrons.
An alpha particle is a type of ionizing radiation that is emitted from the nucleus of an atom during radioactive decay. It is composed of two protons and two neutrons, which means it has a charge of +2 due to the two protons. This configuration is equivalent to the nucleus of a helium-4 atom, making an alpha particle essentially a helium nucleus.
To clarify the other options:
a. A particle consisting of a positively charged electron does not exist as described. Electrons are negatively charged, and a positron is the antiparticle of an electron, which has a positive charge. However, an alpha particle does not contain electrons.
b. A particle consisting of one proton and two neutrons is not an alpha particle. This combination would not have a charge of +2, as the alpha particle does.
c. A particle consisting of two protons and two electrons would not be stable. The two electrons would neutralize the charge of the two protons, and this combination does not represent an alpha particle.
Therefore, the only correct option is d, which states that an alpha particle consists of two protons and two neutrons."
Rank from most to least number of valence electrons. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
Arrange the elements in decreasing order of the number of valence electrons.
kr
ca
ba
br
li
f
as
sb
o
al
cl
si
na
ar
sr
The decreasing order of elements of the number of valence electrons is as follows:
[tex]\boxed{{\text{Kr}}={\text{Ar}}>{\text{Br}}={\text{Cl}}={\text{F}}>{\text{O}}>{\text{As}}={\text{Sb}}>{\text{Si}}>{\text{Al}}>{\text{Ca}}={\text{Ba}}={\text{Sr}}>{\text{Li}}>{\text{Na}}}[/tex]
Further explanation:
The electronic configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom in the atomic orbitals. There are two states for an electron: ground as well as the excited state. The configuration of the atom in the lowest possible energy levels is called the ground-state electronic configuration. When an electron jumps from the stable ground state to some higher level, that state is called the excited state and the electronic configuration corresponding to this state is known as the excited-state half-filled configuration.
The filling of electrons in different energy levels or orbitals is done in accordance with the following three rules.
1. Aufbau principle: The principle states that the electrons are filled in various orbitals in the increasing order of their energies as follows:
[tex]1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d<4p<5s<4d<5p<6s<4f<5d<6p<7s<5f<6d<7p[/tex]
2. Hund’s rule: Electron pairing will not start until each orbital is singly occupied.
3. Pauli’s exclusion principle: According to this principle, all the four quantum numbers [tex]\left({n,\;l,\;{m_l},\;{m_s}}\right)[/tex] for any two electrons can never be the same. In an orbital, the spin of two electrons has to be different. If one electron has the clockwise spin, the other would have the anticlockwise spin and vice-versa.
The atomic number of Kr is 36. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Ar}}}\right]\;3{d^{10}}4{s^2}4{p^6}[/tex]. So it has 8 valence electrons.
The atomic number of Ca is 20. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Ar}}}\right]4{s^2}[/tex]. So it has 2 valence electrons.
The atomic number of Ba is 56. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Xe}}}\right]6{s^2}[/tex]. So it has 2 valence electrons.
The atomic number of Br is 35. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Ar}}}\right]\;3{d^{10}}4{s^2}4{p^5}[/tex]. So it has 7 valence electrons.
The atomic number of Li is 3. Its electronic configuration is [tex]1{s^2}2{s^1}[/tex]. So it has 1 valence electron.
The atomic number of F is 9. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{He}}}\right]\;2{s^2}2{p^5}[/tex]. So it has 7 valence electrons.
The atomic number of As is 33. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Ar}}}\right]\;3{d^{10}}4{s^2}4{p^3}[/tex]. So it has 5 valence electrons.
The atomic number of Sb is 51. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Kr}}}\right]\;4{d^{10}}5{s^2}5{p^3}[/tex]. So it has 5 valence electrons.
The atomic number of O is 8. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{He}}}\right]\;2{s^2}2{p^4}[/tex]. So it has 6 valence electrons.
The atomic number of Al is 13. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Ne}}}\right]\;3{s^2}3{p^1}[/tex]. So it has 3 valence electrons.
The atomic number of Cl is 17. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Ne}}}\right]\;3{s^2}3{p^5}[/tex]. So it has 7 valence electrons.
The atomic number of Si is 14. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Ne}}}\right]\;3{s^2}3{p^2}[/tex]. So it has 7 valence electrons.
The atomic number of Na is 11. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Ne}}}\right]\;3{s^1}[/tex]. So it has 1 valence electron.
The atomic number of Ar is 18. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Ne}}}\right]\;3{s^2}3{p^6}[/tex]. So it has 8 valence electrons.
The atomic number of Sr is 38. Its electronic configuration is [tex]\left[{{\text{Kr}}}\right]\;5{s^2}[/tex]. So it has 2 valence electrons.
So the decreasing order of elements of the number of valence electrons is as follows:
[tex]{\text{Kr}}={\text{Ar}}>{\text{Br}}={\text{Cl}}={\text{F}}>{\text{O}}>{\text{As}}={\text{Sb}}>{\text{Si}}>{\text{Al}}>{\text{Ca}}={\text{Ba}}={\text{Sr}}>{\text{Li}}>{\text{Na}}[/tex]
Learn more:
1. Determine the ion with configuration [tex]\left[{{\text{Ar}}}\right]\;3{d^2}[/tex]: https://brainly.com/question/7599542
2. Identification of element which has electron configuration [tex]1{s^2}2{s^2}2{p^2}3{s^1}[/tex]:https://brainly.com/question/9616334
Answer details:
Grade: High School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Electronic configuration of the elements
Keywords: electronic configuration, valence electrons, decreasing order, Kr, Ar, Cl, Br, F, O, As, Sb, Si, Al, Ca, Ba, Sr, Li, Na, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, Aufbau, Hund’s rule, Pauli’s exclusion principle.
The elements are ranked by their number of valence electrons from most to least as follows: F, Cl, Br, O, Sb, As, Kr, Ar, Si, Al, Na, Li, Ca, Sr, Ba.
Explanation:The elements can be arranged according to their number of valence electrons (the electrons on the outermost shell of an atom) as follows. Starting with elements having the most valence electrons: F, Cl, Br, O, Sb, As, Kr, Ar, Si, Al, Na, Li, Ca, Sr, Ba.
To explain further, elements in Group 17 (F, Cl, and Br) have 7 valence electrons, Group 16 element (O) has 6, Group 15 elements (Sb, As) have 5, noble gases (Kr, Ar) have 8 (fully-filled), Group 14 element (Si) has 4, Group 13 (Al) has 3, Group 1 elements (Na, Li) have 1, and Group 2 elements (Ca, Sr, Ba) have 2 valence electrons.
Learn more about Valence Electrons here:https://brainly.com/question/19129319
#SPJ6
Most _______ rocks form under conditions found a few kilometers under earths surface
(No choices,fill in the blank)
What are the two main groups of sedimentary rocks?
What are three agents of metamorphism?
Explain the rock cycle by describing how an igneous rock can become a sedimentary rock then a metamorphic rock, and then an igneous rock again.
How to predict products of acid-base reactions?
Where do expect to find the most reactive metals on the periodic table;?
Answer:
You can find the most reactive metals in the periodic table by looking for metals called alkali metals.
Explanation:
Alkali metals are chemical elements of group 1A of the periodic table with similar properties. The group consists of the following metals: lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs) and frâncio (Fr). They are low density metals, and moles. They are electropositive and highly reactive.
To know whether one metal is more reactive than another, it is important to remember the concept of electropositivity, that is, the ability of one atom to yield electrons to another atom during a bond. Thus, if one metal is more electropositive than another, it has a greater tendency to lose electrons in a bond and therefore tends to be more reactive.
THIS IS SCIENCE
Approximately how many elements are there that combine chemically in a great number of ways to produce compounds?
A.25
B.50
C.75
D.100
What type of nuclear reaction do thermonuclear weapons rely on? a. fusion c. both fusion and fission b. fission d. None of the above
Final answer:
Thermonuclear weapons use both fusion and fission reactions. A fission bomb is first used to achieve the high temperatures required for fusion, leading to an extremely powerful explosion measured in kilotons or megatons.
Explanation:
Thermonuclear weapons rely on the type of nuclear reaction known as both fusion and fission. Initially, a fission bomb is detonated to produce the extremely high temperatures necessary for fusion to occur. In essence, the fission reaction is used to ignite the fusion process in these weapons. An example of a thermonuclear bomb is a hydrogen bomb, which contains a fission bomb that, upon explosion, triggers the fusion of hydrogen isotopes, releasing a tremendous amount of energy.
Nuclear fusion requires very high temperatures to initiate, which are typically around 15,000,000 K. In stars, fusion reactions occur naturally, providing the energy that powers these celestial bodies. For thermonuclear weapons, a similar process takes place where the generated heat creates conditions similar to those found at the core of stars, allowing fusion to occur.
These weapons produce a massive number of nuclear reactions in a very short time, with energy yields measured in kilotons or megatons of equivalent conventional explosives. A thermonuclear bomb's explosive power is far greater than conventional explosives, providing both immense thermal output and nuclear radiation.
Series of chemical reactions in which the product of one reaction is the substrate for the next reaction
To solve such this we must know the concept of chemical reaction. Therefore, metabolic pathways is a Series of chemical reactions in which the product of one reaction is the substrate for the next reaction.
What is chemical reaction?Chemical reaction is a process in which two or more than two molecules collide in right orientation and energy to form a new chemical compound. The mass of the overall reaction should be conserved.
There are so many types of chemical reaction reaction like combination reaction, double displacement reaction. Metabolic pathways is a Series of chemical reactions in which the product of one reaction is the substrate for the next reaction.
Therefore, metabolic pathways is a Series of chemical reactions in which the product of one reaction is the substrate for the next reaction.
Learn more about the chemical reactions, here:
brainly.com/question/3461108
#SPJ5
Why is benzyl alcohol more soluble in ether than water?
Why are stains used in prepared slides such as the ones you used in this lab? Use complete sentences.
Why is water considered a polar molecule?
a.the oxygen is found between the two hydrogens.
b.the oxygen atom attracts the hydrogen atoms.
c.the oxygen end of the molecule has a slight negative charge, and the hydrogen end has a slight positive charge.
d.both hydrogens are at one end of the molecule, and oxygen is at the other end?
Where do all the carbons of glucose end up when glucose is completely oxidized? see section 9.1 ( page 191) ?
What would happen to the average kinetic energy of the molecules of a gas sample if the temperature of the sample increased from 20ºc to 40ºc?
Increasing the temperature of a gas proportionally raises the average kinetic energy of the gas's molecules. With this increase, molecules move faster, indicating higher kinetic energy, resulting in a shift in kinetic energy distribution toward higher speeds overall.
Explanation:When the temperature of a gas sample is increased, as mentioned, from 20ºc to 40ºc, there are some noticeable effects on the behavior of the molecular activity within the gas. The most notable effect is on the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules. According to kinetic-molecular theory, the temperature of a substance is proportional to the average kinetic energy of its particles. Hence, as the temperature increases, so does the average kinetic energy.
At higher temperatures, the distribution of kinetic energies among the atoms or molecules of the gas is broader than at lower temperatures. In more straightforward terms, molecules are moving more rapidly and have higher speeds at an increased temperature, indicating more kinetic energy. This shift in kinetic energy leads to a shift in the distribution toward higher speeds overall. So, when the gas's temperature has increased from 20ºC to 40ºC, the molecules' average kinetic energy has also subsequently increased.
Learn more about Kinetic Energy of Gas Molecules here:https://brainly.com/question/30597086
#SPJ11
PLEASE HELP: 3.01x10^23 molecules of SO3 is how many moles? Please tell me how you got it thank you!
what is the mole fraction of h2s in the gas mixture of gases made up of 7.0 g of H2S, 10.0 g of CH4 and 12.0 g of O2
Final answer:
The mole fraction of H2S in the gas mixture is approximately 0.170, calculated by dividing the moles of H2S by the total moles of all gases in the mixture.
Explanation:
To calculate the mole fraction of H2S in a gas mixture, we first need to find the number of moles of each gas in the mixture. We use the molar mass of each gas to convert the given masses to moles. The molar mass of H2S is approximately 34.08 g/mol, of CH4 is 16.04 g/mol, and of O2 is 32.00 g/mol.
First, let's calculate the moles of each gas:
H2S: moles = 7.0 g / 34.08 g/mol \approx 0.205 molesCH4: moles = 10.0 g / 16.04 g/mol \approx 0.623 molesO2: moles = 12.0 g / 32.00 g/mol \approx 0.375 molesNext, we sum up the total moles in the mixture:
Total moles = 0.205 + 0.623 + 0.375 = 1.203 moles
Finally, the mole fraction of H2S is calculated by dividing the moles of H2S by the total moles:
Mole fraction of H2S = 0.205 moles / 1.203 moles \approx 0.170
Therefore, the mole fraction of H2S in the mixture is approximately 0.170.
Write electron configurations for the elements that are identified by these atomic numbers
a. 15
b.12
c.9
d.18
Final answer:
The electron configurations for the elements with atomic numbers 15, 12, 9, and 18 are 1s²2s²2p¶3s²3p³ for Phosphorus, 1s²2s²2p¶3s² for Magnesium, 1s²2s²2pµ for Fluorine, and 1s²2s²2p¶3s²3p¶ for Argon, respectively.
Explanation:
The electron configuration of an element details the distribution of electrons in the atom's shells and subshells based on the principles of quantum mechanics. We'll list the electron configurations for various elements based on their atomic numbers.
Element with Atomic Number 15 (Phosphorus): 1s²2s²2p¶3s²3p³Element with Atomic Number 12 (Magnesium): 1s²2s²2p¶3s²Element with Atomic Number 9 (Fluorine): 1s²2s²2pµElement with Atomic Number 18 (Argon): 1s²2s²2p¶3s²3p¶These configurations were determined using the principles of the Aufbau principle, Hund's rule, and the Pauli exclusion principle.
Imagine that a chemist is trying to establish whether a piece of rock is from a meteorite that fell from outer space. the rock contains more copper-65 atoms than copper -63 atoms. what can you conclude
The presence of more copper-65 atoms in the rock suggests that it originated from outer space.
Explanation:In this case, the chemist can conclude that the rock is likely from a meteorite. The reason is that copper has two isotopes: copper-65 and copper-63. The natural abundance of these isotopes on Earth is such that copper-63 is much more abundant than copper-65. However, meteorites often have a different isotopic ratio, with more copper-65 relative to copper-63. So, the presence of more copper-65 atoms in the rock suggests that it originated from outer space.
Learn more about meteorite origin here:https://brainly.com/question/31712383
#SPJ12
The higher presence of copper-65 atoms compared to copper-63 atoms in the rock could indicate that it is not of terrestrial origin, possibly being a piece of meteorite. Copper isotopes on Earth are more abundant in the form of copper-63, hence the unusual abundance of copper-65 could suggest an extraterrestrial source.
Explanation:The presence of more copper-65 atoms than copper-63 atoms in a given rock could suggest that it is of extraterrestrial origin. This is primarily deduced from the fact that copper (Cu) on Earth has two stable isotopes: Copper-63, with an abundance of 69.09%, and Copper-65, with an abundance of 30.91%. Hence, an arbitrary terrestrial piece of rock is likely to have more Copper-63 isotopes than Copper-65. This observation is contrary to your sample, suggesting it may not be terrestrial in origin.
Furthermore, certain meteorites are known to contain a variety of unusual elements and isotopic compositions that are not typically found on Earth, supporting the possibility that your rock could be a meteorite. Confirmation, however, requires thorough scientific analysis such as isotopic and elemental analysis.
Learn more about Isotopic composition here:https://brainly.com/question/10969592
#SPJ11
What is the term for a liquid composed of polar molecules?
How many co2 molecules are generated from each pyruvate molecule that enters the mitochondrial matrix?
A ph of 10 is how many times as basic as a ph of 7
A pH of 10 is 1,000 times more basic than a pH of 7 because the pH scale is logarithmic, and for every point increase, the solution becomes 10 times more basic.
Explanation:In chemistry, pH is a scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. A pH of 7 is neutral, any value above 7 is considered basic or alkaline, and any value below 7 is considered acidic. The pH scale is logarithmic and as a result, every point increase means the solution is 10 times more basic. So, a pH of 10 is 1,000 times more basic than a pH of 7 (10^3, since 10-7 equals 3).
Neutral pH: A pH value of 7 is regarded as neutral. This signifies that the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-) in the solution is equal, resulting in a balanced state.
Acidic Solutions: Solutions with a pH below 7 are classified as acidic. The lower the pH value, the higher the concentration of hydrogen ions. These solutions tend to have a surplus of H+ ions, making them proton-rich and acidic.
Basic or Alkaline Solutions: Solutions with a pH above 7 are considered basic or alkaline. In such solutions, the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) surpasses that of hydrogen ions. These solutions are proton-poor and exhibit alkaline characteristics.
Logarithmic Nature: The pH scale is logarithmic, which implies that each unit change on the scale represents a tenfold difference in the concentration of hydrogen ions. For instance, a solution with a pH of 10 is 10 times more basic than a solution with a pH of 9, and 100 times more basic than a solution with a pH of 8.
Learn more about pH scalehttps://brainly.com/question/12609985
#SPJ2
What is the empirical formula of the compound with the molecular formula c18h36?
Which characteristic of life Is demonstrated when single -celled organisms split in half, resulting in twice as many organisms as before?
a. Acquiring energy
b.reproducing
c.maintaning structure
d. Hardiness
It will be B.reproducing because it is reproducing a new cell.
A vessel of volume 22.4 dm3 contains 2.0 mol h2 and 1.0 mol n2 at 273.15 k initially. all the h2 reacted with sufficient n2 to form nh3. calculate the partial pressures and the total pressure of the final mixture.
To calculate the partial pressures and total pressure of the final gas mixture, we can use Avogadro's law and the ideal gas law.
Explanation:First, we need to determine the total volume of the gases in the vessel by using Avogadro's law. Since 1 mole of gas occupies approximately 22.4 L at standard temperature and pressure (STP), the total volume of gases is 3 moles x 22.4 L/mole = 67.2 L.
The partial pressure of each gas can be calculated using the ideal gas law. The ideal gas law equation is given by PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature.
Finally, we can calculate the partial pressures:
Partial pressure of H2 = (2 moles / 3 moles) x total pressure of the mixture
Partial pressure of N2 = (1 mole / 3 moles) x total pressure of the mixture
The total pressure of the final mixture can be calculated by summing up the partial pressures of each gas.
Learn more about Calculating partial pressures and total pressure of a gas mixture here:https://brainly.com/question/31871197
#SPJ12
The partial pressures of NH3, H2, and N2 are approximately 1.33 atm, 0 atm, and 0.33 atm, respectively, with a total pressure of approximately 1.67 atm in the final mixture.
Initially, the vessel contains 2.0 moles of H2 and 1.0 mole of N2 at 273.15 K. The reaction between H2 and N2 forms NH3 according to the balanced chemical equation:
3H2+N2 →2NH3
Since the balanced equation indicates that three moles of H2 react with one mole of N2 to produce two moles of NH3, it suggests that all of the H2 will react with the available N2.
After the reaction, the limiting reactant (N2) is completely consumed, resulting in the formation of NH3. The final mixture consists of NH3, with a partial pressure of approximately 1.33 atm (calculated based on the stoichiometry of the reaction) and no remaining H2 (partial pressure of 0 atm) or N2 (partial pressure of 0.33 atm).
The total pressure of the final mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases. Therefore, the total pressure is approximately 1.67 atm. This calculation considers the ideal gas behavior of the gases involved and assumes that the volume of the vessel remains constant throughout the reaction.
For more questions on partial pressures
https://brainly.com/question/31196860
#SPJ3
Identify two ways condensation differs from boiling. identify one way they are similar
How many oxygen atoms are in a formula unit of calcium carbonate?
Which chemical activates the transformation of trypsinogen to trypsin?
Enteropeptidase is a chemical that activates the transformation of trypsinogen to trypsin.
In biology and chemistry, activation refers to the process of preparing or energising something in preparation for a future reaction. The term "activation" in chemistry describes the reversible transformation of a molecule to a chemical and physical state that is essentially identical to the original state, with the distinguishing feature that the new state demonstrates a greater tendency to undertake a certain chemical reaction. Therefore, conceptually speaking, activation is the reverse of protection, where the resultant state shows a lower tendency to conduct a certain reaction. Enteropeptidase is a chemical that activates the transformation of trypsinogen to trypsin.
To know more about chemical activation, here:
https://brainly.com/question/29016918
#SPJ6