The ionization energy required to remove an electron from a doubly ionized lithium, Li²+, in its first excited state is 30.6 eV. The concept of ionization energy is important in understanding the behavior of atoms and ions in various chemical reactions.
Explanation:The ionization energy of a doubly ionized lithium, Li²+, can be calculated knowing that it refers to the energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion. In the case of Li²+, the state we are interested in is the first excited state. Here, the energy needed to remove an electron and ionize Li²+ ion is negation of the first excited state energy which is -30.6 eV. So, the ionization energy for this process is 30.6 eV.
It's interesting to note that when the charges of the ions increase and the sizes of the ions decrease, the lattice energy of an ionic crystal increases rapidly. This might be evident when we compare other elements and their ionization energies. However, for the exact calculation as requested, the ionization energy for Li²+ is found to be 30.6 eV.
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What types of elements are shown in the polyatomic ions in model 1?
We can see here that the elements that are shown in the polyatomic ions in Model 1 are non-metals.
Polyatomic ions are charged chemical species (ions) composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded together. These ions have an overall electric charge, which is the result of gaining or losing electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. Unlike monatomic ions, which are single atoms with a charge, polyatomic ions are molecular entities.
These ions play a crucial role in chemical reactions and ionic compounds. When polyatomic ions combine with metal or nonmetal ions, they form ionic compounds with distinctive properties. It's important for students of chemistry to learn and understand the common polyatomic ions and their charges, as they are fundamental to various chemical processes and reactions.
The Model 1 in question that complete the question is seen below:
What is the enthalpy for reaction 1 reversed? reaction 1 reversed: co2→co + 12o2?
In which orbital does an electron in a bromine atom experience the smallest?
What substance is a mixture?
Salt
Gasoline
Aluminum
Carbon dioxide
Answer is: gasoline.
Gasoline is a mixture of many different hydrocarbons: alkanes (paraffins), cycloalkanes and alkenes (olefins).
Salt and carbon dioxide are chemical compounds, aluminium (Al) is an chemical element.
Pure substance is made of only one type of atom (element) or only one type of molecule, it has definite and constant composition with distinct chemical properties.
Pure substances can be separated chemically, not physically, that is difference between pure substances and mixtures.
How many grams is in a 5 pound sample? express your answer in scientific notation with four significant figures. (1 pound = 453.592 grams)?
A) 2.3 x 10^3 g
B) 1.1 x 10^4 g
C) 2.27 x 10^2 g
D) 2.268 x 10^3 g
A sample of 5 lb has a mass, expressed in grams, of 2.268 × 10³ g (Option D).
To convert pounds (lb) to grams (g), we need a conversion factor. In this case, the conversion factor is 1 lb = 453.592 g. A mass of 5 lb, expressed in grams, is:
[tex]5 lb \times \frac{453.592 g}{1lb} = 2.268 \times 10^{3} g[/tex]
A sample of 5 lb has a mass, expressed in grams, of 2.268 × 10³ g.
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which example provide the most complete descripition of an object motion? A. the bird watcher follwed the south trailer of five distance of five kilometers in 45 minutes.
B. The lion had to run at 30 km per hour across the Savannah to caught its prey.
C. The golfer sent the golf ball flying toward the cup to score a hole-in-one.
D. The mixer blended the ingredients for the cake in under two minutes,
The golfer sent the golf ball flying toward the cup to score a hole-in-one, provide the most complete description of an object motion. Therefore, option C is correct.
What is motion ?Motion is the shift in an object's location with relation to its environment over a specific amount of time. The following phrases can be used to describe the motion of an object with mass: distance, displacement, and speed.
Translational motion is the term used to describe how an atom can move from one place in space to another. Additionally, molecules composed of several atoms can vibrate because of chemical bonds, which cause the atoms to move about their equilibrium position like springs.
Oscillatory, rotational, transactional, uniform, non-uniform, periodic, circular, and linear motion are only a few examples of the different motion types that can exist.
Thus, option C is correct.
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Complete the equation for the dissociation of cdcl2(aq). omit water from the equation because it is understood to be present.
The dissociation of CdCl2(aq) in the solution is depicted as CdCl2(aq) → Cd²⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq). It's an essential part of Ionic Chemistry.
Explanation:The dissociation of CdCl2(aq) refers to the process where the compound cadmium chloride, when put in solution (water has been omitted per your instructions), breaks down into its individual ions. This dissociation is represented by the equation: CdCl2(aq) → Cd²⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq). Here, the CdCl2(aq) molecule breaks apart in water to form one Cd²⁺ cation and two Cl⁻ anions.
The above equation represents the process in Ionic Chemistry where ionic compounds dissociate into their constituent ions in a solution. It's a crucial aspect of the behavior of chemical species in various reactions and processes.
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Designing an experiment your family has planted a garden you o serve that some of the plants in the garden have teeth marks In them what is eating the plants
object A: has a mass of 2g a volume of .5L
object b: has a mass of 3g and a volume of 5L
water has a density of 1g/L, which object will sink in water?which one Will float? I will you20 points if correct
how do you measure for acidity or alkalinity?
Please help me thank you.
Absolute zero is?
A.the lowest possible volume occupied by a gas.
B.the lowest possible temperature of a gas.
C.the lowest possible pressure exerted by a gas.
D.none of the above.
Gases emitted during volcanic activity often contain high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide. these gases may react to produce deposits of sulfur according to the equation: 2 h2s(g) so2(g) → 3 s(s) 2 h2o(g) for the complete reaction of 6.41 mol of hydrogen sulfide:
In a volcanic reaction, two moles of hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide react to form three moles of sulfur and two moles of water. Given 6.41 moles of hydrogen sulfide, 9.615 moles of sulfur would be formed. This reaction explains the presence of sulfur deposits in volcanic areas and contributes to the removal of hydrogen sulfide from volcanic emissions.
Explanation:In the given reaction: 2H₂S(g) + SO₂(g) → 3S(s) + 2H₂O(g), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are converted into sulfur (S) and water (H2O). This is a common reaction that occurs during volcanic activities when gases are emitted. It explains the presence of sulfur deposits found in volcanic areas.
As indicated by the stoichiometry of the reaction, for each two moles of hydrogen sulfide reacted, three moles of sulfur are produced. Therefore, for the complete reaction of 6.41 moles of H2S, you would expect to form 3/2*6.41 = 9.615 moles of sulfur.
The reaction is an example of redox (reduction-oxidation) process. Here, hydrogen sulfide is oxidized to water, while sulfur dioxide is reduced to sulfur. The reaction, besides leading to the creation of sulfur deposits in volcanic regions, also contributes to the removal of hydrogen sulfide one of the gases found within volcanic emissions.
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How does changing electronegativity affect bond character?
Final answer:
The bond character changes as electronegativity varies, with greater differences leading to a bond with more ionic character, causing unequal electron distribution and partial charges on the atoms.
Explanation:
Electronegativity is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract electrons or electron density towards itself. The character of a bond—whether it is ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar covalent—is determined by the difference in electronegativity between the two bonded atoms. When there is a significant difference in electronegativity, the bond is considered ionic, meaning one atom effectively donates an electron to the other. As the electronegativity difference decreases, the bond becomes more covalent, with electrons shared more equally between atoms. In the case of a polar covalent bond, the electrons are shared unequally, leading to a partial charge on each atom and creating a dipole moment (μ = Qr).
The larger the difference in electronegativity, the more polarized the electron distribution in the bond. This causes the atom with higher electronegativity to have a partial negative charge, while the atom with lower electronegativity has a partial positive charge. In summary, as the difference in electronegativity increases, the ionic character of the bond increases, creating a more pronounced uneven distribution of electron density.
The electrons that are passed to nadp at the end of the electron transfer chain were obtained from
In terms of chemical bonds and electrons, what kinds of changes occur between atoms when substances undergo chemical reactions?
During a chemical reaction there occurs a bond making or bond breaking. Chemical bonds are formed by electron sharing or lose or gain of electrons from atoms.
What is chemical change?A chemical change of a substance is the change in its chemical bond like new bond formation or existing bond breakes in a chemical reaction.There are different types of chemical bonds such as ionic bond, covalent bond, hydrogen bond etc.
Ionic bonds are formed between metals and nonmetal atoms by losing electrons from the metals to the non-metals. Where the atoms are of high electronegativity difference. For example, NaCl is an ionic compound.
Covalent bonds are formed by sharing one or more electrons between atoms based on their valence electrons. For example CH4 is a covalent compound formed by sharing of 4 electrons from carbon and one electron from each hydrogen.
Atoms or molecules when combine together to form products, there occurs regrouping of atoms by bond making or bond breaking by exchange of electrons.
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A chemical reaction involves breaking chemical bonds in reactants and forming new bonds in products, which leads to a change in energy and results in new substances with different properties.
Explanation:During a chemical reaction, there are significant changes in the way atoms are bonded together. The changes can be described in terms of the breaking and forming of chemical bonds and the transfer or sharing of electrons among atoms. Atoms are held together in substances by chemical bonds. During a chemical reaction, these bonds are broken, which leads to the separation of atoms. They subsequently rearrange themselves and form new bonds, resulting in new substances with different properties. The substances we start with are known as the reactants, and the new substances formed are the products. An arrow in the chemical equation represents the direction from reactants to products, which signifies the progression of the chemical reaction. During this process, changes in the energy of the system often occur because breaking old bonds and forming new ones involve either absorption or release of energy.
Explain how calcium, ca2+, and phosphate,po43−, can make a compound with electroneutrality
When water is heated in an ocean the liquid water changes from and turns into?
Humanists believed in comparing people to animals true or false
Answer: False
Explanation:
Humanist believe that humans as well as other living organism has evolved through time and will continue to evolve.
They believe in the happiness and well-being of the human person.
For the following reaction KClO4 → KCl + 2O2 Assign oxidation states to each element on each side of the equation.
Reactant Product K Cl O Which element is oxidized? Which element is reduced?
In the given reaction, Chlorine is reduced (its oxidation state changes from -1 to -1), and Oxygen is oxidized (its oxidation state changes from -2 to 0).
Explanation:In the given chemical reaction, KClO4 is the reactant that decomposes into KCl and 2O2 which are the products. Oxidation states for each element on each side of the equation are as follows, K: +1, Cl: –1, and O: –2 in KClO4, and K: +1, Cl: –1, and O: 0 in KCl and O2. In this reaction, Chlorine (Cl) is reduced from an oxidation state of -1 to -1, while Oxygen (O) is oxidized from an oxidation state of -2 to 0.
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Waves move fastest in
low-temperature gases.
low-temperature solids.
high-temperature gases.
high-temperature solids.
Answer:
The correct answer is high temperature solids
Explanation:
When converting the volume of water to mass of water, what conversion unit would you use?
A. one milliliter of water equals one milligram of water
B. one liter of water equals one gram of water
C. one liter of water equals one kilogram of water
D. one thousand liters of water equals one kilogram of water
A liter of water contains 1,000 cubic centimeters or 1,000 milliliters. Therefore, 1 Liter= 1,000 grams, or 1 Kilogram. 1 cubic centimeter= 1 milliliter = 1 gram.
Experiment 7 excess salt is added to water and the mixture is stirred until no more salt dissolves (the solution is saturated). the salt that does not dissolve is allowed to settle out. what will happen to the concentration of the salt in the solution if water evaporates until the volume of the solution is half the original volume? (assume the temperature remains constant.)
In a dilution ___ is added to a solution to decrease the concentration of the ___ however the number of moles of ___ will remain constant
During dilution, solvent is added to a solution to decrease the concentration
of the solution however the number of moles of solute will remain constant.
Dilution is the process by which a solvent such as water is added in order to
decrease the concentration of the solution. This is usually done to prepare
some specific substances or to reduce the harsh effect the concentrated
solution can cause.
The number of moles of the solute is unaffected by dilution as it only affects
the concentration of the solution.
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Vinegar (C2H4O2) and baking soda (NaHCO3) react to form sodium acetate, water, and carbon dioxide.
C2H4O2 + NaHCO3 ?
How many total carbon atoms are expected in these products?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Answer: The correct answer is Option C.
Explanation:
Law of conservation of mass states that mass can neither be created nor be destroyed but it can only be transformed from one form to another form. This means that total mass on the reactant side is equal to the total mass on the product side.
This also means that the total number of individual atoms on the reactant side will be equal to the total number of individual atoms on the product side.
For the given chemical reaction, the reactants are: [tex]C_2H_4O_2\text{ and }NaHCO_3[/tex]
Number of carbon atoms = 3
Number of hydrogen atoms = 5
Number of sodium atoms = 1
Number of oxygen atoms = 5
These number of individual atoms must be present on the product side as well.
Hence, the correct answer is Option C.
Consider the compound Pb(CO3)2 and answer the following questions:
a.Whats the name of the compound?
b.What is the molar mass of this compound? Explain how you calculated this value
a) Answer is: he name of the compound is lead(IV) carbonate.
In this compound, lead has oxidation number +4 and carbonate has oxidation number -2.
b) Answer is: the molar mass of this compound is 327.2 g/mol.
M(Pb(CO₃)₂) = Ar(Pb) + 2Ar(C) + 6Ar(O) · g/mol.
M(Pb(CO₃)₂) = 207.2 + 2 · 12 + 6 · 16 · g/mol.
M(Pb(CO₃)₂) = 327.2 g/mol.
The name of the compound is lead(IV) carbonate. The molar mass of this compound is 327.2 g/mol.
Compound is defined as a chemical substance made up of identical molecules containing atoms from more than one type of chemical element.
Molecule consisting atoms of only one element is not called compound.It is transformed into new substances during chemical reactions. There are four major types of compounds depending on chemical bonding present in them.They are:
1)Molecular compounds where in atoms are joined by covalent bonds.
2) ionic compounds where atoms are joined by ionic bond.
3)Inter-metallic compounds where atoms are held by metallic bonds
4) co-ordination complexes where atoms are held by co-ordinate bonds.
M(Pb(CO₃)₂) = Ar(Pb) + 2Ar(C) + 6Ar(O) · g/mol.
M(Pb(CO₃)₂) = 207.2 + 2 · 12 + 6 · 16 · g/mol.
M(Pb(CO₃)₂) = 327.2 g/mol.
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Is a mineral found on a gemology expedition likely to be a substance
What do oxygen (O) and bromine (Br) have in common? They both tend to gain electrons to gain stability. They both have seven valence electrons. They are both halogens. They are both unreactive.
Oxygen as well as bromine were indeed nonmetals, and the majority of nonmetals tend to prefer up electrons to become more stable.
What is nonmetals?Nonmetals include colorless vapors and glossy, high melting point solids; they are chemical elements that often lacking a majority of metallic qualities.
What is electrons?The electron would be a subatomic particle with a negatively elementary charged electric charge.
Therefore, Oxygen as well as bromine were indeed nonmetals, and the majority of nonmetals tend to prefer up electrons to become more stable.
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How many protons and electrons are present in the mg2+ ion?
Suppose you had a mixture of iron pellets, pebbles, and small wood spheres, all of which were about the same size. how would you seperate the mixture
Use a magnet to separate the magnetic iron pellets from the non-magnetic pebbles and wood spheres, then add water to the remaining mixture to float the wood and sink the pebbles for easy separation.
Explanation:To separate a mixture of iron pellets, pebbles, and small wood spheres that are about the same size, you can utilize their differing physical properties. Iron can be separated from non-magnetic materials using a magnet because the property of ferromagnetism is specific to certain metals, including iron. This process leaves you with pebbles and wood spheres.
Next, to separate the pebbles from the wood spheres, you might use water because wood floats and pebbles sink. By adding water to the mixture, the wood spheres would float to the surface, where they could easily be removed, and the pebbles would settle at the bottom of the container. Finally, removing the water would leave you with just the pebbles.