Answer:
Viruses and Bacteria
Explanation:
Bacteria are single-celled, prokaryotic microorganisms that exist in abundance in both living hosts and in all areas of the planet. By their nature, they can be either "good" or "bad" for the health of plants, humans, and other animals that come into contact with them. A virus is acellular (has no cell structure) and requires a living host to survive; it causes illness in its host, which causes an immune response. Bacteria are alive, while scientists are not yet sure if viruses are living or nonliving; in general, they are considered to be nonliving.
Infections caused by harmful bacteria can almost always be cured with antibiotics. While some viruses can be vaccinated against, most, such as HIV and the viruses which cause the common cold, are incurable, even if their symptoms can be treated, meaning the living host must have a strong enough immune system to survive the infection.
Viruses, much smaller than bacteria, rely on host cells to reproduce and share few characteristics with living organisms. They are simpler than bacteria, which are capable of independent reproduction and metabolic activities. The relationship between viruses and their hosts is critical to viral lifecycle strategies.
Explanation:Viruses are much smaller than bacteria; most viruses range from 5 to 300 nanometers, whereas bacteria typically measure between 1,000 to 2,000 millimicrons. This difference in size is because viruses have a simpler structure, consisting mainly of a nucleic acid core and a protein coat, while bacteria are complex, cellular organisms with a full suite of cellular machinery. As a result, viruses can only reproduce by infecting a host cell, contrasting with bacteria that can reproduce on their own. In terms of their biology, only certain characteristics of life are evident in viruses, as they exhibit parasitic replication and genetic variation, but they do not fit the conventional definition of life since they cannot carry out metabolic processes independently.
Viral vs. Bacterial Reproduction
The modes of reproduction for viruses and bacteria differ significantly. Viruses rely on a host's cellular machinery to replicate, injecting their genetic material into the cell and commandeering it to produce new viruses. Bacteria, in contrast, often reproduce independently through binary fission, a process in which a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
Living Characteristics and Viral Dependency
While viruses share some characteristics with living organisms, such as the ability to evolve, they are not considered alive because they do not have the cellular structure necessary to carry out metabolism without a host. A virus depends on a host cell for virtually all its life processes. For instance, the influenza virus maintains the viability of its host cell to ensure the successful production and release of new viral particles.
The Nature of Viruses
A virus, such as a phage, is an acellular entity that typically comprises two main components: genetic material and a protective protein coat. By acting only within living cells, viruses exhibit a level of opportunistic survival strategy, highlighting the intricate relationships they maintain with their biological host environments.
What are the end products of the light-dependent reactions that need the presence of light to occur?
A. ATP and NADPH B. Oxygen, ADP, NADP+ C. Phosphorus, sugar, ADP D. Carbon dioxide, nitrogen, ATP
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The light energy from sunlight in photosynthesis is used to split the water molecule into H+ and O2-. The H+ is then used to reduce NADP+ to NADPH. Through photophosphorylation, the energy from the sun is also used to make ATP from ADP. As the electrons are passed from one protein to the other in the chain, the energy released is what is used to create ATP.
Oxygen is evolved out as a byproduct
NADP+ + 2e- + 2H+ --> NADPH + H+
The ondes that need the presence of light to occur are A. ATP and NADPH
What are the end products of the light-dependent reactions that need the presence of light?The end products of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis, which require the presence of light, are ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate). These products serve as energy carriers that are subsequently used in the light-independent reactions (also known as the Calvin cycle) to produce carbohydrates.
Option B is incorrect because oxygen is produced as a byproduct of the light-dependent reactions, not as an end product that is utilized within the process. ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and NADP+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) are converted to ATP and NADPH, respectively, during the light-dependent reactions.
Option C is incorrect because phosphorus and sugar are not the primary end products of the light-dependent reactions. While the production of sugars occurs during the light-independent reactions, phosphorus is not directly involved in the light-dependent reactions.
Option D is incorrect because carbon dioxide and nitrogen are not end products of the light-dependent reactions. Carbon dioxide is utilized in the light-independent reactions to synthesize sugars, and nitrogen is typically not directly involved in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
Learn more about ligth-dependent reactions:
https://brainly.com/question/12172446
#SPJ6
Why does the moon rise and set 50 minutes later each night.
Answer:
The Moon rises and sets every day, like the Sun. ... But the Moon is orbiting around the Earth; every day, it moves eastwards (further left from the Sun) by about 12 degrees. This means that it increasingly lags behind the Sun, by about 50 minutes a day. i hope this helps
Explanation:
Earth has been warmer in the past than it is today.
True or false
False! Climate change
The Earth used to be way colder than it is today
What is a centriole?
A minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
A centriole is a cylindrical organelle composed mainly of a protein called tubulin found in most eukaryotic cells. The main function of the centriole is to help with cell division in animal cells. The centrioles also help in the formation of the spindle fibers that separate the chromosomes during cell division. They are made of nine triplets of microtubules arranged in a cylinder.
Hope this helps!
I need help with the bottom part please help asap first one il mark branliest
Answer:
im not sure i really wish I could help
Explanation:
What do a dinosaur in a tree have in common?
They may have shared the same matter.
The output force is greater than the input force for a what
Answer:
For a simple machine.
Explanation:
Generally, you would call the instance of having great output force when inputing a smaller force - a mechanical advantage.
Which represents a negative impact of technology?
A. Improvement in climate
B. Accessible technology
C. Production of waste
D. Access to more resources
Answer:
c
Explanation:
the correct answer is c
hopes this helps
The answer is c. production of waste
how do humans obtain the nitrogen they ues in their bodies
Answer:
Explanation:
The most common form of nitrogen in your body is proteins containing mainly carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. While neither humans nor animals can get nitrogen into their bodies from the air or soil, they do gain nitrogen from vegetation or other animals which eat vegetation.
during one interval of the game of fetch, a dog ran 27 meters in 9 seconds.
What was the dog's speed for this interval of the trip?
A.
0.3 m/s
B.
3.0 m/s
C.
9.0 m/s
D.
30.0 m/s
The formula for speed is: v=x/t, where v is speed, x is distance, and t is time.
v=27/9
v=3
B) 3 m/s
Hope this helps!!
Final answer:
The dog's speed is calculated using the formula speed = distance/time, which gives us a speed of 3.0 m/s for the interval mentioned.
Explanation:
Speed is calculated as distance divided by time. In this case, the dog ran 27 meters in 9 seconds. Therefore, the speed is 27m / 9s = 3m/s.
To calculate the dog's speed for the interval during which it ran 27 meters in 9 seconds, we use the formula for speed which is speed = distance/time. In this case, the distance is 27 meters and the time is 9 seconds.
Speed = 27 meters / 9 seconds = 3 meters/second
Therefore, the dog’s speed for this interval of the game of fetch is 3.0 m/s, which corresponds to option B.
Describe how the functions of proteins differ from the functions of carbohydrates ( 150 words)
Component molecules assemble in different ways to form the basic units of carbs and protein. In carbs, that basic unit is a saccharide, another word for sugar. Monosaccharides are single-unit sugars, the simplest carbs. These can link up with each other to form two-unit sugars -- also known as disaccharides -- or polysaccharides, which can be hundreds of units in length. In contrast, amino acids are the basic units of proteins. Approximately 20 types of amino acids act as your body's primary protein building blocks. They can assemble in very complex ways to form helices, pleated sheets, globules or even multi-unit protein structures.
While protein's primary role is structural, carbohydrates primarily serve as an energy source. In fact, glucose -- one of the simplest carbohydrates -- is your body's preferred energy currency. Whenever your body derives energy from protein because of a low supply in carbs, protein components must undergo a number of biochemical changes to be useful in energy production. Proteins serve above all as your body's building blocks. Every cell needs them for structure, but they also play important roles as molecule transporters, hormones, disease-fighting agents and enzymes Some carbs -- namely fiber -- are important for bowel health and waste elimination
Carbohydrates are the major source of energy to our body while proteins are the building blocks of our body.
How the functions of proteins differ from the functions of carbohydrates?The main source of energy of our body are carbohydrates on the other hand, proteins act as the building blocks of our body. Carbohydrates and proteins are important macromolecules. Carbohydrates are composed of simple sugars and proteins are composed of amino acids.
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are the main elements of carbohydrates and proteins contain Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, Sulphur or Nitrogen. Carbohydrates are broken down to make glucose to fuel the body and all enzymes, many hormones and many neurotransmitters are proteins.
As a result, this is how functions of proteins differ from the functions of carbohydrates.
To know more about carbohydrates and proteins refer to the following link:
https://brainly.com/question/4932822
#SPJ2
What type of invertebrate are robber crabs? Why do these crabs fit in this category?
The are arthropods. They are arthropods because they undergo ecdysis, have segmented bodies and the key trait of jointed limbs “arthro”=jointed and “pod”=foot
Robber crabs are arthropods that are considered so because, as adults, they have a thick exoskeleton inside their shell.
What are Invertebrates?Invertebrates are defined as the paraphyletic group of animals which neither possess nor develop a vertebral column derived from the notochord. It includes all animals other than the chordate subphylum Vertebrata.
They range in size from microscopic mites and nearly invisible flies to giant squids with soccer-ball-sized eyes, which are by far the largest group in the animal kingdom, accounting for 97 percent of all animals. These group includes spiders, worms, snails, lobsters, crabs and insects like butterflies.
Robber crabs have jointed legs like all arthropods, which is why they fall into this category.
Thus, Robber crabs are arthropods that are considered so because, as adults, they have a thick exoskeleton inside their shell.
Learn more about Invertebrates, here:
https://brainly.com/question/13285943
#SPJ2
Which phrase best describes a plant that is an epiphyte
Answer:
An epiphyte is a type of plant that grows on another plant. However this plant should not be confused with a parasitic plant. Epiphytes obtain nutrients from the air and dust around them, not affecting the host plant.
Explanation:
Epiphytes are plants that grow on other plants for physical support without extracting nutrients from the host, utilizing moisture and nutrients from the air and debris instead. Examples include many orchids and bromeliads like "Spanish moss".
The phrase that best describes a plant that is an epiphyte highlights its unique lifestyle of growing on other plants without relying on them for nutrition. Epiphytes utilize the host plant merely for physical support while deriving moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, and debris accumulation. Common examples include many orchids and bromeliads (e.g., "Spanish moss"), showcasing the incredible adaptability of these plants to their environment by developing specialized aerial roots for nutrient absorption and moisture capture.
the offspring of two diferent species ,such as a liger :
I think the answer you’re look for is (a) hybrid
A hybrid is the offspring of two different species and is often infertile due to differences in genetic instructions from each parent. The ability of species or hybrids to reproduce and the fitness of the offspring can impact species evolution over time. Being part of the same species is defined by the ability to breed and produce fertile offspring.
Explanation:The offspring of two different species, such as a liger, are referred to as a hybrid. Hybrids are produced when individuals from two separate species interbreed. Often, these hybrids are infertile, meaning they cannot produce offspring themselves. This is due to differing genetic instructions from each parent species, which may interfere with the development of viable offspring. This characteristic of infertility among hybrids is noticeable in the example of a liger, a hybrid between a lion and a tiger.
However, there are situations where the hybrid offspring are more fit than the parents. In such circumstances, reproduction could continue between the species and the hybrids, potentially leading to a merging of the two species. The fit of hybrid creatures compared to their parents can impact how species evolve over time.
It's worth noting that being part of the same species is normally defined by the ability to breed and produce fertile offspring. Therefore, although two organisms may appear similar or even virtually identical, such as bald eagles and African fish eagles, they are confirmed as separate species due to their inability to produce fertile hybrids.
Learn more about Hybrid here:https://brainly.com/question/30010106
#SPJ3
During the Carboniferous period, plants and animals grew very large due to high concentration of A. oxygen in the atmosphere. B. nitrogen in the atmosphere. C. carbon dioxide in the oceans. D. argon in the oceans .
Answer:
Option A, oxygen in the atmosphere
Explanation:
The highest level of oxygen reached during this phase of the geological cycle of earth. The oxygen level in Carboniferous period accounted for 35% as compared to 21% of oxygen in the atmosphere in present time.
Due to high oxygen content, the giant and wide varieties of terrestrial animal and plant species evolved. For example – size of insects and carwlies increased, plant became extremely giant, increase in number of tree ferns etc.
During the Carboniferous period, plants and animals grew very large due to high concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere and the correct option is option A.
The Carboniferous period is a geologic period and system that spans from 358.9 to 298.9 million years ago in the Paleozoic Era. It is named after the Latin word "carbo", meaning coal, as this period saw the formation of large coal deposits. The Carboniferous period is also known as the "Age of Amphibians" due to the dominance of these animals on land.
During the Carboniferous period, the Earth's continents were slowly coming together to form the supercontinent Pangea. This led to a warm and humid climate, which was ideal for the growth of swamp forests. These forests were home to a wide variety of plants and animals, including amphibians, reptiles, and insects.
Thus, the ideal selection is option A.
Learn more about Carboniferous period, here:
https://brainly.com/question/18080646
#SPJ6
Which statement is true about all adaptations
A. They reduce reproduction
B. They are learned
C. They enhance survival
D. They can be lost .
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Adaptation makes you body adjust too your environment so you can survive. As animals do!!!
Answer:
c
Explanation:
which is not a step in the rock cycle
The incorrect step in the rock cycle is 'Sediments melt deep beneath Earth's surface' because sediments do not melt to form magma; solid rocks do when subjected to high heat.
The step in the rock cycle which is not correct is: D. Sediments melt deep beneath Earth's surface. During the rock cycle, sedimentary rocks, igneous rocks, or metamorphic rocks may be subjected to heat and pressure to become metamorphic rocks, or they may melt to form magma.
However, it is not sediments that melt to form magma; rather, it is existing solid rocks that melt due to high heat.
In the rock cycle, sedimentary rocks are typically formed when rocks on Earth's surface break down into small pieces that are then compacted and cemented together. Igneous rocks form when magma or lava cools and hardens.
Metamorphic rocks are created when existing rocks are subjected to great heat and pressure, but without melting. These processes are continuous and over time, rocks can transform from one type to another, driven by Earth's geological forces.
The __________ lost at each trophic level enters the environment as __________.
CO2, energy
O2, heat
heat, energy
energy, heat
Answer:
energy, heat
Explanation:
Only a part of the energy stored in a trophic level goes to the next level since the different organisms that process the energy consume it to perform their vital processes. The rest of the energy is released into the environment in the form of heat:
I need help??
Which is boatic?
A water
B temperature
C beeswax
D snow
The correct answer is C. Beeswax.
I hope this helps! : )
Recombinant DNA is a method used in ?
Answer:
Recombinant DNA (rDNA) molecules are DNA molecules formed by laboratory methods of genetic recombination (such as molecular cloning) to bring together genetic material from multiple sources, creating sequences that would not otherwise be found in the genome.
SOURCE FROM: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombinant_DNA
Most aquatic organisms can survive only within a specific pH range. An increase in the number of hydrogen ions (H+) in a lake with many aquatic organisms would cause
A.
the acidity of the lake to decrease.
B.
no change in the pH of the lake.
C.
the water in the lake to evaporate.
D.
the acidity of the lake to increase.
Answer:
D. The acidity of the lake to increase
Explanation:
Fun fact: did you know tomatoes are acidic because they have a pH value lower than 7?
Answer:
Option D, the acidity of the lake to increase.
Explanation:
The increase of hydrogen ion in lake water increases the acidity of the lake. The acidity of lake is associated with pH of the water which depends on the hydrogen ions concentration as established by the equation given below –
pH[tex]= - log H^+\\[/tex]
The hydrogen ion concentration is directly proportional to the acidity of the lake water. Thus, higher the H+ ion concentration, the higher will be the acidity of water.
Which structural characteristic is seen in RNA but not in DNA?
Which structural characteristic is seen in RNA but not in DNA?
Answer:a single strand
Answer:
The correct answer is the difference in the nucleotide constituents.
Explanation:
Both DNA and RNA are the nucleic acid present in the organisms but both show certain structural differences in their nucleotide as followed :
1. Sugar- sugar in RNA is known as ribonucleic acid whereas nucleic acid in DNA lacks OH group at 2' carbon position and is known as de-oxy ribonucleic acid.
2. Nitrogenous base- four types of bases bond with each other namely adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine in DNA similar to RNA but RNA has "uracil" present in their sequence instead of thymine.
Thus, the difference in the nucleotide constituents is the correct answer.
Which structures pump the blood from the heart?
ventricles
atria
arteries
veins
Ventricles pump the blood outa heart...
Left ventricle pumps it through aorta to organs
And right ventricle pumps it to lungs to get oxygen
Answer:
Answer: A ventricles
Explanation:
:)
Do you think a cell also has different types of openings?
I think so but I’d double check somehow I’m pretty sure it’s yes if you can’t find anything
What monomers are carbohydrates made of
monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
Final answer:
Carbohydrates are made of monomers called monosaccharides, which include hexose sugars like glucose, fructose, and galactose, as well as pentose sugars like ribose and deoxyribose.
Explanation:
Carbohydrates, commonly known as saccharides, are made up of monomers called monosaccharides. The simplest form of carbohydrates, monosaccharides are single sugar units that can join together to form more complex carbohydrates.
The most common monosaccharides include the hexose sugars like glucose, fructose, and galactose, all of which contain six carbon atoms. Additionally, there are pentose sugars such as ribose and deoxyribose, which contain five carbon atoms and are found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA.
These monosaccharides are the basic building blocks for more complex carbohydrates like disaccharides, which consist of two monosaccharide units, and polysaccharides, which are polymers made up of countless monosaccharide monomers bonded together through a process called dehydration synthesis. The reverse process, hydrolysis, breaks polymers back into monomers.
Muscle tissue is made up of cells that contract and release to produce movement. Which process provides the energy that the cells need to contract?
Cell respiration is the process
Answer:
On my test it was respiration
Explanation:
The visible light spectrum ranges between?
Radar waves and x rays
Television waves and infrared rays
Infrared rays and ultraviolet rays
Ultraviolet rays and gamma rays
The visible light spectrum ranges between Infrared Rays and Ultraviolet Rays. I hope this helps you :)
the answer is from infrared ray and ultraviolet rays
The Cretaceous-Paleogene was a mass extinction event in which nearly every single large, land-dwelling dinosaur went extinct. Which of the following did not result from this extinction event?
A.
Diverse species of animals began to evolve.
B.
Meteorites struck the region that Mexico now occupies.
C.
Clouds of dust and gas billowed into Earth's atmosphere.
D.
Ecological niches were left empty but with the potential to be filled.
Answer:
B. Meteorites struck the region that Mexico now occupies
Explanation:
The meteorite or comet that struck in the area where Mexico is located in the present is not part of the consequences of the extinctions event. The reason why it is not part of the consequences is that it is the factor that caused the consequences, so it can not be both the thing that caused something and also the consequence of it. This meteorite or comet managed to create such a huge explosion, that it managed to wipe out pretty much all large and medium sized land dwelling animals. And that was not caused only by the explosion itself, but also because it drastically changed the climate with the huge amounts of ashes and dust released into the atmosphere, as well as the triggering of the volcanoes around the world. This mass extinction though opened up the gates for the evolution of the mammals which soon became the dominant animals on the planet.
The Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction resulted in the extinction of large, land-dwelling dinosaurs. It led to the evolution of diverse species and left empty ecological niches to be filled in the future.
Explanation:The Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction was caused by a cataclysmic impact of a large meteorite, or asteroid, off the coast of what is now the Yucatán Peninsula. This impact led to the extinction of nearly every single large, land-dwelling dinosaur. The extinction event resulted in diverse species of animals evolving and ecological niches being left empty but with the potential to be filled. However, meteorites striking the region that Mexico now occupies and clouds of dust and gas billowing into Earth's atmosphere were not direct results of this extinction event.
Learn more about Cretaceous-Paleogene here:https://brainly.com/question/37568128
#SPJ11
Which of the following statements is true? A. Water heats up and cools down more quickly than land B. In the Southern Hemisphere, most currents flow in clockwise loops C. Wind is caused by the uneven heating of the earth D. The more sunspots on the sun's surface, the cooler the earth's climate
Answer:
The answer is C
Explanation:
Because the earth's surface is made up of different types of land and water, it absorbs the sun's heat at different rates. One example of this uneven heating is the daily wind cycle.
Answer:
C. (Wind is caused by uneven heating of the earth).
Explanation:
Have a good day :)
WILL GIVE YOU THE BRAINIEST
How does heat capacity affect temperature change?
Yes, the specific heat capacity of substances change when there is a change in temperature. At molecular level, the internal energy of a substance is stored in form of translational, rotational and vibrational energy. It has 3 degrees of freedom for each form of energy. In lower temperature ranges, say below 1000 degree celsius, vibrational energy is insignificant.