Answer: (a). safe (b). not safe (c). safe
Explanation:
quite a long way to go about this but it is straightforward nevertheless.
from the question we are given that the values;
(a).
Process Max Hold Need(Max-Hold)
P1 70 45 25
P2 60 40 20
P3 60 15 45
P4 60 25 35
#
we have the total units of memory to be 150
Our available becomes = 150 - (45+40+15+25) = 25
allocation for P1:
Process P2 has available resources to run = 70 - 60 -20 = 110 units
Process P1 has available resources to run = 70 units
Process P4 has available resources to run = 125 + 60 - 35 = 150 units
Process P3 has available resources to run = 110 + 60 - 45 = 125 units
from this regard we can conclude that it is Safe to grant the request.
(b). we are to add a fourth process with max memory requirement of 60 and an initial need of 35 units.
Process Max Hold Need(Max-Hold)
P1 70 45 25
P2 60 40 20
P3 60 15 45
P4 60 35 25
Given our Total units = 150
We have our available units as 150 - (45 + 40 + 15 + 35) = 15
P2 is 20 but available in 15, Thus Minimum need for a second process
This means that it is Not Safe to grant the request
(c). A fourth process arrives, with a maximum memory need of 50 and an initial need of 30 units
Process Max Hold Need(Max-Hold)
P1 70 45 25
P2 60 40 20
P3 60 15 45
P4 50 30 20
Given our Total units = 150
We have our available units as 150 - (45 + 40 + 15 + 30) = 20
We can see here that P4 requires 30 units, and thus it is allocated 30 units
From this we can simply state that'
It is Safe to grant request because 20 units will be left after the allocation for P4, so there is sufficient memory to guarantee the elimination of P2
Cheers i hope this helps!!!!
Following are the response to the given points:
Sure, it is safe. After assigning 25 units for P4, there'll be enough RAM to ensure termination of either P1 or P2.Following that, students can finish the other three main tasks in any sequence they want.Nope, it is not safe. When allocating 15 units for P4, there will also be insufficient RAM to ensure the termination of any process.Learn more:
brainly.com/question/24097231
2. Use inheritance to create a hierarchy of Exception classes -- EndOfSentenceException, PunctuationException, and CommaException. EndOfSentenceException is the parent class to PunctuationException, which is the parent class to CommaException. Test your classes in a Driver class with a main method that asks the user to input a sentence. If the sentence ends in anything except a period (.), exclamation point (!), or question mark (?), the program should throw a PunctuationException. If the sentence specifically ends in a comma, the program should throw a CommaException. Use a catch block to catch all EndOfSentenceExceptions, causing the program to print a message and terminate. If a general PunctuationException is caught, the program should print "The sentence does not end correctly." If a CommaException is caught, the program should print "You can't end a sentence in a comma." If there are no exceptions, the program should print "The sentence ends correctly." and terminate.
Answer:
See explaination
Explanation:
EndOfSentenceException.java
//Create a class EndOfSentenceException that
//extends the Exception class.
class EndOfSentenceException extends Exception
{
//Construtor.
EndOfSentenceException(String str)
{
System.out.println(str);
}
}
CommaException.java
//Create a class CommaException that extends the class
//EndOfSentenceException.
class CommaException extends EndOfSentenceException
{
//Define the constructor of CommaException.
public CommaException(String str)
{
super(str);
}
}
PunctuationException.java
//Create a class PunctuationException that extends the class
//EndOfSentenceException.
class PunctuationException extends EndOfSentenceException
{
//Constructor.
public PunctuationException(String str)
{
super(str);
}
}
Driver.java
//Include the header file.
import java.util.Scanner;
//Define the class Driver to check the sentence.
public class Driver {
//Define the function to check the sentence exceptions.
public String checkSentence(String str)
throws EndOfSentenceException
{
//Check the sentence ends with full stop,
//exclamation mark
//and question mark.
if(!(str.endsWith(".")) && !(str.endsWith("!"))
&& !(str.endsWith("?")))
{
//Check the sentence is ending with comma.
if(str.endsWith(","))
{
//Throw the CommaException.
throw new CommaException("You can't "
+ "end a sentence in a comma.");
}
//Otherwise.
else
{
//Throw PunctuationException.
throw new PunctuationException("The sentence "
+ "does not end correctly.");
}
}
//If the above conditions fails then
//return this message to the main function.
return "The sentence ends correctly.";
}
//Define the main function.
public static void main(String[] args)
{
//Create an object of Scanner
Scanner object = new Scanner(System.in);
//Prompt the user to enter the sentence.
System.out.println("Enter the sentence:");
String sentence=object.nextLine();
//Begin the try block.
try {
//Call the Driver's check function.
System.out.println(new
Driver().checkSentence(sentence));
}
//The catch block to catch the exception.
catch (EndOfSentenceException e)
{}
}
}
Create an application that creates a report from quarterly sales. Console The Sales Report application Region Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 1 $1,540.00 $2,010.00 $2,450.00 $1,845.00 2 $1,130.00 $1,168.00 $1,847.00 $1,491.00 3 $1,580.00 $2,305.00 $2,710.00 $1,284.00 4 $1,105.00 $4,102.00 $2,391.00 $1,576.00 Sales by region: Region 1: $7,845.00 Region 2: $5,636.00 Region 3: $7,879.00 Region 4: $9,174.00 Sales by quarter: Q1: $5,355.00 Q2: $9,585.00 Q3: $9,398.00 Q4: $6,196.00 Total sales: $30,534.00
Answer:
See explaination
Explanation:
package miscellaneous;
import java.text.NumberFormat;
import java.util.Currency;
import java.util.Locale;
public class sales {
public static void main(String[] args) {
double[][] sales= {
{1540.0,2010.0,2450.0,1845.0},//region1
{1130.0,1168.0,1847.0,1491.0},//region2
{1580.0,2305.0,2710.0,1284.0},//region3
{1105.0,4102.0,2391.0,1576.0}};//region4
//object for NumberFormat class
//needed in $
NumberFormat defaultFormat = NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance(java.util.Locale.US);
System.out.println("The sales report application: ");
//the j(th) element in i(th) row in sales matrix contains sales value for
//sales in j(th) quarter
System.out.println("Sales by quarter: ");
System.out.println("Region\tQ1\t\tQ2\t\tQ3\t\tQ4");
for(int i=0;i<sales.length;i++) {
System.out.print(i+1+"\t");
for(int j=0;j<sales[i].length;j++) {
System.out.print(defaultFormat.format(sales[i][j])+"\t");
}
System.out.println();
}
//i(th) row in the matrix has sales for i(th) region
System.out.println("Sales by region: \n");
for(int i=0;i<sales.length;i++) {
System.out.print("Region "+(i+1)+":");
double region_sale=0;
for(int j=0;j<sales[i].length;j++) {
region_sale+=sales[i][j];
}
System.out.println(defaultFormat.format(region_sale));
}
System.out.println("\nSales by Quarter: \n");
//we have quarters so for adding up their sales we need 4 variables
double q1=0;
double q2=0;
double q3=0;
double q4=0;
for(int i=0;i<sales.length;i++) {
for(int j=0;j<sales[i].length;j++) {
//j=0 implies the sales data for first quarter
if(j==0) {
q1+=sales[i][j];
}
//j=1 implies the sales data for second quarter
if(j==1) {
q2+=sales[i][j];
}
//j=2 implies the sales data for third quarter
if(j==2) {
q3+=sales[i][j];
}
//j=3 implies the sales data for fourth quarter
if(j==3) {
q4+=sales[i][j];
}
}
}
System.out.println("Q1: "+defaultFormat.format(q1));
System.out.println("Q2: "+defaultFormat.format(q2));
System.out.println("Q3: "+defaultFormat.format(q3));
System.out.println("Q4: "+defaultFormat.format(q4));
//with the help of 2 loops every sales data
//in the matrix can be accessed, which can be added
//to total_sales variable
double total_sales=0;
for(int i=0;i<sales.length;i++) {
for(int j=0;j<sales[i].length;j++) {
total_sales+=sales[i][j];
}
}
System.out.println("\nTotal Sales: "+defaultFormat.format(total_sales));
}
}
what is the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 15.0g of sodium hydroxide in enough water to make a total of 225 ml of solution
Answer:
1.6666 g/mol = 1 [tex]\frac{2}{3}[/tex] g/mol
Explanation:
Molar mass of NaOH= 23+16+1 =40g/mol
Mols in 15g = 15/40 mol
If this was dissolved in 225ml of water molarity of the solution is
[tex]\frac{15}{40}[/tex] ÷ 225 x 1000 = 1.6666 g/mol = 1 [tex]\frac{2}{3}[/tex] g/mol
Final answer:
The molarity of the sodium hydroxide solution is calculated by dividing the number of moles of NaOH (0.375 moles) by the volume of the solution in liters (0.225 L), resulting in 1.667 M.
Explanation:
The molarity of a solution is determined by the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. To find the molarity of the solution, we need to know the molar mass of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which is approximately 40 g/mol. First, we convert the mass of NaOH to moles:
Mass of NaOH = 15.0 g
Molar mass of NaOH = 40 g/mol
Moles of NaOH = Mass / Molar mass = 15.0 g / 40 g/mol = 0.375 moles
Second, we convert the volume of the solution from milliliters to liters:
Volume of solution = 225 mL
1 liter = 1000 mL
Volume in liters = 225 mL / 1000 = 0.225 liters
Finally, we calculate the molarity of the solution using the formula:
Molarity (M) = Moles of solute / Volume of solution in liters
Molarity (M) = 0.375 moles / 0.225 liters
Molarity (M) = 1.667 M
Therefore, the molarity of the sodium hydroxide solution is 1.667 M.
//Add you starting comment block public class BubbleBubbleStarter //Replace the word Starter with your initials { public static void main (String[] args) { //Task 1: create an input double array list named mylist with some values pSystem.out.println("My list before sorting is: "); //Task 2: print the original list //Use println() to start and then replace with your printList() method after Task 4a is completed. p//Task 3: call the bubblesort method for mylist p//Task 4b: print the sorted list p} //Task 4a: create a method header named printlist to accept a formal parameter of a double array //create a method body to step through each array element println each element p//printList method header p//for loop p//println statement static void bubbleSort(double[] list) { boolean changed = true; do { changed = false; for (int j = 0; j < list.length - 1; j++) if (list[j] > list[j+1]) { //swap list[j] with list[j+1] double temp = list[j]; list[j] = list[j + 1]; list[j + 1] = temp; changed = true; } } while (changed); } }
Answer:
See explaination
Explanation:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class BubbleBubbleStarter {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
double arr[] = new double[10];
System.out.println("Enter 10 GPA values: ");
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
arr[i] = sc.nextDouble();
sc.close();
System.out.println("My list before sorting is: ");
printlist(arr);
bubbleSort(arr);
System.out.println("My list after sorting is: ");
printlist(arr);
}
static void bubbleSort(double[] list) {
boolean changed = true;
do {
changed = false;
for (int j = 0; j < list.length - 1; j++) {
if (list[j] > list[j + 1]) {
double temp = list[j];
list[j] = list[j + 1];
list[j + 1] = temp;
changed = true;
}
}
} while (changed);
}
static void printlist(double list[]) {
for (int j = 0; j < list.length; j++) {
System.out.println(list[j]);
}
}
}
3.14 LAB: Simple statistics for Python
Given 4 floating-point numbers. Use a string formatting expression with conversion specifiers to output their product and their average as integers (rounded), then as floating-point numbers.
Output each rounded integer using the following:
print('{:.0f}'.format(your_value))
Output each floating-point value with three digits after the decimal point, which can be achieved as follows:
print('{:.3f}'.format(your_value))
Ex: If the input is:
8.3
10.4
5.0
4.8
the output is:
2072 7
2071.680 7.125
So far I came up with the following:
num1 = float(input())
num2 = float(input())
num3 = float(input())
num4 = float(input())
avg = (num1+num2+num3+num4)/4
prod = num1*num2*num3*num4
print('%d %d'%(avg,prod))
print('%0.3f %0.3f'%(avg,prod))
I keep getting this output and I don't know what I'm doing wrong:
7 2071
7.125 2071.680
Expected output should be:
2072 7
2071.680 7.125
Following are the correct python code to this question:
Program Explanation:
In the python program four variable "n1, n2, n3, and n4" is defined, in which we input method is used that input value from the user end. In this, we use the float method, which converts all the input values into a float value.In the next step, two variables "average and product" are defined, which calculate all input numbers product, average, and hold value in its variable.In the last step, a print method is used, that prints its round and format method value.Program:
n1 = float(input('Input first number: '))#input first number
n2 = float(input('Input second number: '))#input second number
n3 = float(input('Input third number: '))#input third number
n4 = float(input('Input fourth number: '))#input fourth number
average = (n1+n2+n3+n4)/4 #calculate input number average
product = n1*n2*n3*n4 # calculate input number product
print('product: {:.0f} average: {:.0f}'.format(round(product),round(average))) #print product and average using round function
print('product: {:.3f} average: {:.3f}'.format(product,average)) #print product and average value
Output:
Please find the attachment.
Learn more:
brainly.com/question/14689516
The program calculates the product and average of four floating-point numbers, and outputs them as integers (rounded) and as floating-point numbers with three digits after the decimal point, using specified string formatting expressions.
Here's the Python code to achieve that:
# Input
num1 = float(input())
num2 = float(input())
num3 = float(input())
num4 = float(input())
# Calculate product and average
product = num1 * num2 * num3 * num4
average = (num1 + num2 + num3 + num4) / 4
# Output rounded integers
print('{:.0f} {:.0f}'.format(product, average))
# Output floating-point numbers with three digits after the decimal point
print('{:.3f} {:.3f}'.format(product, average))
User inputs four floating-point numbers.The product and average of the four numbers are calculated.Using string formatting with conversion specifiers, the product and average are output as integers (rounded) and as floating-point numbers with three digits after the decimal point.This code snippet ensures the desired output format by using the specified string formatting expressions.
Which type of styles can be applied to a word, phrase, or sentence?
Format
Object
Paragraph
Character
Resume
Answer:
I think the answer is going to be paragraph
The types of styles that can be applied to a word, phrase, or sentence are the character style and paragraph style. Thus, the correct options for this question are C and D.
What do you mean by Character style?Character style may be defined as a type of style that can be used for the word, phrase, or sentence in design. This type of style considerably remembers formatting for single characters, words, or phrases.
While Paragraph Style will remember the formatting applied to a whole paragraph. This type of style is most frequently applied to a section of text separated from other text by line breaks with the intention to fragment the literary work into short paragraphs.
Therefore, the character and paragraph styles are the types of styles that can be applied to a word, phrase, or sentence.
To learn more about Paragraph styles, refer to the link:
https://brainly.com/question/13149944
#SPJ2
Define a function drawCircle.
This function should expect a Turtle object, the coordinates of the circle's center point, and the circle's radius as arguments.The function should draw the specified circle. The pen color should be changed to yellow before drawing a circle and the width of the pen to 5 pixels. The algorithm should draw the circle's circumference by turning 3 degrees and moving a given distance 120 times. Calculate the distance moved with the formula 2.0*n*radius/120.0.
Fill in the circle with blue color. After drawing the circle, hide the turtle.
import turtle
import math
def drawCircle(centerpoint, radius):
degree = 3
count = 0
centerpoint = (2.0 * math.pi * radius / 120)
t.home()
t.setheading(degree)
while count <= 120:
t.down()
t.forward(2.0 * math.pi * radius / 120)
t.up()
degree += 3
t.setheading(degree)
count += 1
drawCircle(centerpoint, radius)
Final answer:
To draw a circle using a Turtle object in Python, you can define a function called drawCircle that takes in the Turtle object, the center point coordinates, and the radius as arguments. This code uses the turtle module in Python to draw a circle.
Explanation:
Draw a Circle using a Turtle in Python
To draw a circle using a Turtle object in Python, you can define a function called drawCircle that takes in the Turtle object, the center point coordinates, and the radius as arguments. Here's an example of how the function can be implemented:
import turtleThis code uses the turtle module in Python to draw a circle. It sets the pen size to 5 pixels and the color to yellow. The circle is drawn by turning 3 degrees and moving a distance of 2.0 * math.pi * radius / 120.0. After drawing the circumference, the function fills the circle with a blue color and hides the turtle.
Final answer:
The drawCircle function is designed for the Python Turtle library to draw a colored circle based on specified parameters. The Turtle's pen is set to yellow and the pen width to 5 pixels before the circle is drawn and filled with blue. After drawing, the Turtle is hidden.
Explanation:
The function drawCircle is intended to work with the Python Turtle graphics library to draw a circle on the screen. The function will expect a Turtle object, the coordinates of the circle's center point, and the circle's radius as arguments. Below is a corrected version of the function that follows the stated requirements:
import turtleMake sure to create a Turtle object and pass it to the drawCircle function along with the center point's coordinates and the radius of the circle you wish to draw.
Suppose you are currently in the /home/hnewman/os/fall/2013 directory and would like to navigate to /home/hnewman/discreteStructures/spring/2011 directory and would like to navigate using absolute path names. What command will you type in the shell? A. cd /home/hnewman/discreteStructures/spring/2011 B. cd discreteStructures/spring/2009 C. cd ../../..discreteStructures/spring/2009 D. cd ../../discreteStructures/spring/2009
Answer:
A. cd /home/hnewman/discreteStructures/spring/2011
Explanation:
Nothing with 2009 in the pathname will get you where you want to go. The only reasonable answer choice is the first one:
cd /home/hnewman/discreteStructures/spring/2011
Use semaphore(s) to solve the following problem. There are three processes: P1, P2, and P3. Each process Pi has a segment of codes Ci, i=1, 2, 3. These three processes are executed only once, i.e., no repeat or loop at all, and their executions can start at any time. Your goal is to ensure that the execution of C1, C2, and C3 must satisfy the following conditions:
a. If C1 is executed ahead of C2 and C3, C2 must be executed ahead of C3.
b. Otherwise, C1 must be executed after both C2 and C3 are executed. In this case, the order of C2 and C3's execution doesn't matter. One of the possible execution orders is demonstrated below. Obviously, two other possible sequences in time are C2, C3, C1 and C3, C2, C1.
Please write your algorithm level code for semaphore initialization and usage in each code segment. [Hint: no if statements should ever be used. All you need is some semaphore function calls surrounding C1, C2, and C3 and their initial values.]
Answer:
See explaination
Explanation:
Here we will use two semaphore variables to satisfy our goal
We will initialize s1=1 and s2=1 globally and they are accessed by all 3 processes and use up and down operations in following way
Code:-
s1,s2=1
P1 P2 P3
P(s1)
P(s2)
C1
V(s2) .
P(s2). .
. C2
V(s1) .
P(s1)
. . C3
V(s2)
Explanation:-
The P(s1) stands for down operation for semaphore s1 and V(s1) stands for Up operation for semaphore s1.
The Down operation on s1=1 will make it s1=0 and our process will execute ,and down on s1=0 will block the process
The Up operation on s1=0 will unblock the process and on s1=1 will be normal execution of process
Now in the above code:
1)If C1 is executed first then it means down on s1,s2 will make it zero and up on s2 will make it 1, so in that case C3 cannot execute because P3 has down operation on s1 before C3 ,so C2 will execute by performing down on s2 and after that Up on s1 will be done by P2 and then C3 can execute
So our first condition gets satisfied
2)If C1 is not executed earlier means:-
a)If C2 is executed by performing down on S2 then s2=0,so definitely C3 will be executed because down(s2) in case of C1 will block the process P1 and after C3 execute Up operation on s2 ,C1 can execute because P1 gets unblocked .
b)If C3 is executed by performing down on s1 then s1=0 ,so definitely C2 will be executed now ,because down on s1 will block the process P1 and after that P2 will perform up on s1 ,so P1 gets unblocked
So C1 will be executed after C2 and C3 ,hence our 2nd condition satisfied.
Suppose you design an algorithm to multiply two n-bit integers x and y. The general multiplication technique takes T(n) = O(n2) time. For a more efficient algorithm, you first split each of x and y into their left and right halves, which are n=2 bits long. For example, if x = 100011012, then xL = 10002 and xR = 11012, and x = 24 xL + xR. Then the product of x and y can be re-written as the following: x y = 2n (xL yL) + 2n=2 (xL yR + xR yL) + (xR yR)
Answer:
See Explaination
Explanation:
a) Assume there are n nits each in x and y.SO we divide them into n/2 and n/2 bits.
x = xL * 2^{n/2} + xR
y = yL * 2^{n/2} + yR
x.y = 2^{n}.(xL.yL) + 2^{n/2}.(xL.yR + xR.yL) +(xR.yR)
If you see there are 4 multiplications of size n/2 and we took all other additions and subtractions as O(n).
So T(n) = 4*T(n/2) + O(n)
Now lets find run time using master theorem.
T(n) = a* T(n/b) + O(n^{d})
a = 4
b = 2
d = 1
if a > b^{d}
T(n) = O(n^v) where v is log a base b
In our case T(n) = O(n^v) v = 2
=> T(n) = O(n^{2})
The splittinng method is not benefecial if we solve by this way as the run time is same even if go by the naive approach
b)
x.y = 2^{n}.(xL.yL) + 2^{n/2}.((xL+xR).(yL+yR)-(xL.yL) - (xR.yR)) +(xR.yR)
Here we are doing only three multipliactions as we changed the term.
So T(n) = 3*T(n/2) + O(n)
a = 3
b = 2
d = 1
if a > b^{d}
T(n) = O(n^v) where v is log a base b
In our case T(n) = O(n^v) v = log 3 base 2
v = 1.584
So T(n) = O(n^{1.584})
As we can see this is better than O(n^{2}).Therefore this algorithm is better than the naive approach.
Write an algorithm using pseudocode to input numbers . reject any numbers that are negative and count how many numbers are positive . when the number zero is input the process ends and the count of positive numbers is output .
Answer:
Explanation:
Let's use Python for this. We will start prompting the user for input number, until it get 0, count only if it's positive:
input_number = Input("Please input an integer")
positive_count = 0
while input_number != 0:
if input_number > 0:
positive_count += 1
input_number = Input("Please input an integer")
print(positive_count)
Write a function called find_max that takes in a single parameter called random_list, which should be a list. This function will find the maximum (max) value of the input list, and return it. This function will assume the list is composed of only positive numbers. To find the max, within the function, use a variable called list_max that you initialize to value 0. Then use a for loop to loop through random_list. Inside the list, use a conditional to check if the current value is larger than list_max, and if so, re-assign list_max to store this new value. After the loop, return list_max, which should now store the maximum value from within the input list.
Answer:
see explaination
Explanation:
python code
def find_max(random_list):
list_max=0
for num in random_list:
if num > list_max:
list_max=num
return list_max
print(find_max([1,45,12,11,23]))
Implement a Breadth-First Search of the people in the network who are reachable from person id 3980. You can implement BFS with a queue and the pseudocode is given in CLRS. Print out the distance (number of connections) from person 3980 to every person who is reachable from 3980 via edge traversals. Note that not all people in this network may be reachable via edge traversals from user id 3980, so users that are not accessible can be ignored in BFS.
Answer:
Check the explanation
Explanation:
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Scanner;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
/**
* CS146 Assignment 3 Node class This class is used for undirected graphs
* represented as adjacency lists The areFriends() method checks if two people
* are friends by checking if an edge exists between the two
*
*/
public class NetworkAdjList {
// Initialize array with max number of vertices taken from SNAP
static int max_num_vertices = 88234;
static LinkedList<Integer>[] adjacencyList = new LinkedList[max_num_vertices];
public static void createAdjacencyList() {
// Initialize array elements
for (int j = 0; j < max_num_vertices; j++) {
adjacencyList[j] = new LinkedList<Integer>();
}
// Get file path of the 3980.edges file
String filePath = "C:\\Users\\shahd\\Documents\\CS146\\Assignment 3\\Question 3\\Question3\\src\\a3\\3980.edges";
File f = new File(filePath);
// Use Scanner to read edges from the file and put it into adjacency list
int a;
int b;
try {
Scanner fileIn = new Scanner(f);
while (fileIn.hasNext()) {
a = fileIn.nextInt();
b = fileIn.nextInt();
adjacencyList[a].add(b);
adjacencyList[b].add(a); // We need to add the edges both ways
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static boolean areFriends(int A, int B) {
// If the adjacency list contains (A, B) edge, then return true, else false
if (adjacencyList[A].contains(B)) {
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
private static void bfsHelper(boolean visited[], int currentNode, int dis, int sourceNode) {
dis++;
if(!visited[currentNode]) {
visited[currentNode] = true;
for(int neighbor: adjacencyList[currentNode]) {
System.out.println(neighbor + " is at a distance of " + dis + " from " + sourceNode);
bfsHelper(visited, neighbor, dis++, sourceNode);
}
}
}
public static void BFStraversal(int start) {
boolean visited[] = new boolean[max_num_vertices];
bfsHelper(visited, start, 0, start);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
/**
* These test cases assume the file 3980.edges was used
*/
createAdjacencyList();
System.out.println("Testing...");
assertEquals(areFriends(4038, 4014), true);
System.out.println("1 of 7");
System.out.println("Testing...");
assertEquals(areFriends(3982, 4037), true);
System.out.println("2 of 7");
System.out.println("Testing...");
assertEquals(areFriends(4030, 4017), true);
System.out.println("3 of 7");
System.out.println("Testing...");
assertEquals(areFriends(4030, 1), false);
System.out.println("4 of 7");
System.out.println("Testing...");
assertEquals(areFriends(1, 4030), false);
System.out.println("5 of 7");
System.out.println("Testing...");
assertEquals(areFriends(4003, 3980), true);
System.out.println("6 of 7");
System.out.println("Testing...");
assertEquals(areFriends(3985, 4038), false);
System.out.println("7 of 7");
System.out.println("Success!");
}
}
**************************************************
Write a Java class to perform the following: 1. Write a method to search the following array using a linear search, ( target elements: 11, 55, 17.). (count the number of comparisons needed). {06, 02, 04, 07, 11, 09, 50, 62, 43, 32, 13, 75, 01, 46, 88, 17} 2. Write a method to sort the array using Selection Sort. (count the number of comparisons needed) 3, Write a method to sort the array using Bubble Sort. (count the number of comparisons needed) 4, Search he sorted array using a binary search (recursive) for the same set of target elements. (count the number of comparisons needed)
Answer:
Check the explanation
Explanation:
Linear search in JAVA:-
import java.util.Scanner;
class linearsearch
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int count, number, item, arr[];
Scanner console = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter numbers:");
number = console.nextInt();
arr = new int[number];
System.out.println("Enter " + number + " ");
for (count = 0; count < number; count++)
arr[count] = console.nextInt();
System.out.println("Enter search value:");
item = console.nextInt();
for (count = 0; count < number; count++)
{
if (arr[count] == item)
{
System.out.println(item+" present at "+(count+1));
break;
}
}
if (count == number)
System.out.println(item + " doesn't found in array.");
}
}
Kindly check the first attached image below for the code output.
Selection Sort in JAVA:-
public class selectionsort {
public static void selectionsort(int[] array){
for (int i = 0; i < array.length - 1; i++)
{
int ind = i;
for (int j = i + 1; j < array.length; j++){
if (array[j] < array[ind]){
ind = j;
}
}
int smaller_number = array[ind];
array[ind] = array[i];
array[i] = smaller_number;
}
}
public static void main(String a[]){
int[] arr = {9,94,4,2,43,18,32,12};
System.out.println("Before Selection Sort");
for(int i:arr){
System.out.print(i+" ");
}
System.out.println();
selectionsort(arr);
System.out.println("After Selection Sort");
for(int i:arr){
System.out.print(i+" ");
}
}
}
Kindly check the second attached image below for the code output.
Bubble Sort in JAVA:-
public class bubblesort {
static void bubblesort(int[] array) {
int num = array.length;
int temp = 0;
for(int i=0; i < num; i++){
for(int j=1; j < (num-i); j++){
if(array[j-1] > array[j]){
temp = array[j-1];
array[j-1] = array[j];
array[j] = temp;
}
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int arr1[] ={3333,60,25,32,55,620,85};
System.out.println("Before Bubble Sort");
for(int i=0; i < arr1.length; i++){
System.out.print(arr1[i] + " ");
}
System.out.println();
bubblesort(arr1);
System.out.println("After Bubble Sort");
for(int i=0; i < arr1.length; i++){
System.out.print(arr1[i] + " ");
}
}
}
Kindly check the third attached image below for the code output.
Binary search in JAVA:-
public class binarysearch {
public int binarySearch(int[] array, int x) {
return binarySearch(array, x, 0, array.length - 1);
}
private int binarySearch(int[ ] arr, int x,
int lw, int hg) {
if (lw > hg) return -1;
int middle = (lw + hg)/2;
if (arr[middle] == x) return middle;
else if (arr[middle] < x)
return binarySearch(arr, x, middle+1, hg);
else
return binarySearch(arr, x, lw, middle-1);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
binarysearch obj = new binarysearch();
int[] ar =
{ 22, 18,12,14,36,59,74,98,41,23,
34,50,45,49,31,53,74,56,57,80,
61,68,37,12,58,79,904,56,99};
for (int i = 0; i < ar.length; i++)
System.out.print(obj.binarySearch(ar,
ar[i]) + " ");
System.out.println();
System.out.print(obj.binarySearch(ar,19) +" ");
System.out.print(obj.binarySearch(ar,25)+" ");
System.out.print(obj.binarySearch(ar,82)+" ");
System.out.print(obj.binarySearch(ar,19)+" ");
System.out.println();
}
}
Kindly check the fourth attached image below for the code output
Which term describes measurable results expected in a given time frame?
Answer: I think a deadline?
The term that describes the results expected in a given time frame is the goal. The correct option is A.
What are goals?The desired states that people want to achieve, maintain, or avoid are referred to as life goals. When we make goals, we commit to imagining, planning for, and obtaining these desired outcomes. The satisfaction with our careers is the satisfaction with our lives because we spend more than half of our waking hours at work.
The most significant professional goal we can set for ourselves is to identify our areas of love and make them into lifelong careers. An objective is something you hope to accomplish. It is the desired outcome that you or a group of people plan for and firmly resolve to attain. The phrase "goal" refers to the outcomes anticipated in a specific time range.
Therefore, the correct option is A, Goals.
To learn more about goals, refer to the link:
https://brainly.com/question/21032773
#SPJ2
The question is incomplete. Your most probably complete question is given below:
Goals
Mind maps
Purposes
Ideas
You are working with a MySQL installation in Windows. You plan to use the mysql client utility in batch mode to run a query that has been saved to a file in the C:\mysql_files directory. The name of the file is users.sql, and it includes a command to use the mysql database, which the query targets. You want to save the results of the query to a file named users.txt, which should also be saved to the C:\mysql_files directory. What command should you use to execute the query
Answer:
mysql -t < c:\mysql_files\users.sql > c:\mysql_files\users.txt
Explanation:
MySQL is a system software that is written in programming language such as c++ and c, the software was initially released on the 23rd day of the month of May, in the year 1995 by Oracle corporation. It is a popular software in companies that are commerce related or orientated since it deals with things related to web database.
So, to answer the question we are given that the file that will results of the query is users.txt and the directory is C:\mysql_files, therefore, the command that should you use to execute the query is; mysql -t < c:\mysql_files\users.sql > c:\mysql_files\users.txt
Pfizer increases production of Zithromax® after finding that the number of cases of blinding trachoma is increasing in parts of Africa.
Answer:
Take Corrective Action
Create a Visual Logic flow chart with four methods. Main method will create an array of 5 elements, then it will call a read method, a sort method and a print method passing the array to each. The read method will prompt the user to enter 5 numbers that will be stored in the array. The sort method will sort the array in ascending order (smallest to largest). The print method will print out the array.
Answer:
See explaination
Explanation:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class SortArray {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Enter Size Of Array");
int size = sc.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[size]; // creating array of size
read(arr); // calling read method
sort(arr); // calling sort method
print(arr); // calling print method
}
// method for read array
private static void read(int[] arr) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
System.out.println("Enter " + i + "th Position Element");
// read one by one element from console and store in array
arr[i] = sc.nextInt();
}
}
// method for sort array
private static void sort(int[] arr) {
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < arr.length; j++) {
if (arr[i] < arr[j]) {
// Comparing one element with other if first element is greater than second then
// swap then each other place
int temp = arr[j];
arr[j] = arr[i];
arr[i] = temp;
}
}
}
}
// method for display array
private static void print(int[] arr) {
System.out.print("Your Array are: ");
// display element one by one
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
System.out.print(arr[i] + ",");
}
}
}
See attachment
Implement the logic function ( , , ) (0,4,5) f a b c m =∑ in 4 different ways. You have available 3to-8 decoders with active high (AH) or active low (AL) outputs and OR, AND, NOR and NAND gates with as many inputs as needed. In every case clearly indicate which is the Most Significant bit (MSb) and which is the Least Significant bit (LSb) of the decoder input.
Answer:
See explaination
Explanation:
Taking a look at the The Logic function, which states that an output action will become TRUE if either one “OR” more events are TRUE, but the order at which they occur is unimportant as it does not affect the final result. For example, A + B = B + A.
Alternatively the Most significant bit which is also known as the alt bit, high bit, meta bit, or senior bit, the most significant bit is the highest bit in binary.
See the attached file for those detailed logic functions designed with relation to the questions asked.
Write a class called (d) Teacher that has just a main method. The main method should construct a GradeBook for a class with two students, "Jack" and "Jill". Jack’s grades on the three tests for the class are 33, 55, and 77. Jill’s grades are 99, 66, and 33. After constructing the GradeBook object, main should use the instance methods of the GradeBook class to determine the name of the student with the highest average grades. Print the name of this student on the screen.
Answer:
The java program is given below.
import java.util.*;
class GradeBook
{
//variables to hold all the given values
static int m11, m12, m13;
static int m21, m22, m23;
static String name1, name2;
//variables to hold the computed values
static double avg1, avg2;
//constructor initializing the variables with the given values
GradeBook()
{
name1 = "Jack";
m11 = 33;
m12 = 55;
m13 = 77;
name2 = "Jill";
m21 = 99;
m22 = 66;
m23 = 33;
}
//method to compute and display the student having highest average grade
static void computeAvg()
{
avg1=(m11+m12+m13)/3;
avg2=(m21+m22+m23)/3;
if(avg1>avg2)
System.out.println("Student with highest average is "+ name1);
else
System.out.println("Student with highest average is "+ name2);
}
}
//contains only main() method
public class Teacher{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
//object created
GradeBook ob = new GradeBook();
//object used to call the method
ob.computeAvg();
}
}
OUTPUT
Student with highest average is Jill
Explanation:
1. The class GradeBook declares all the required variables as static with appropriate data types, integer for grades and double for average grade.
2. Inside the constructor, the given values are assigned to the variables.
3. The method, computeAvg(), computes the average grade of both the students. The student having highest average grade is displayed using System.out.println() method.
4. Inside the class, Teacher, the main() method only has 2 lines of code.
5. The object of the class GradeBook is created.
6. The object is used to call the method, computeAvg(), which displays the message on the screen.
7. All the methods are also declared static except the constructor. The constructor cannot have any return type nor any access specifier.
8. The program does not takes any user input.
9. The program can be executed with different values of grades and names of the students.
The Phonebook class must also have the following functions: Constructor with 1 integer parameter for size (numberOfContacts is initially set to 0; allocate memory for myContacts). Copy constructor. Assignment operator. Destructor. int getNumberOfContacts() // Getter int getSize() // Getter contact getContact(int i) //returns contact at index i (you can assume 0 < i < numberOfContacts) bool addContact(string name, string phonenumber, string email) // add a new contact at the end of the phonebook using the received parameters. Returns true if succesful, false if the contact couldn't be added because the phonebook is already full.
Answer:
See explaination
Explanation:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct contact
{
string name;
string phoneNumber;
string email;
bool available;
};
class Phonebook
{
private :
int numberOfContacts;
int size;
contact *myContacts;
public :
Phonebook(int size)
{
this->size=size;
this->numberOfContacts=0;
myContacts=new contact[size];
}
~Phonebook()
{
delete[] myContacts;
}
int getNumberOfContacts()
{
return numberOfContacts;
}
int getSize()
{
return size;
}
void addContact(string name,string phonenumber,string email)
{
contact c;
c.name=name;
c.phoneNumber=phonenumber;
c.email=email;
c.available=true;
myContacts[numberOfContacts]=c;
numberOfContacts++;
}
void removeContact(string name)
{
for(int i=0;i<numberOfContacts;i++)
{
if(myContacts[i].name.compare(name)==0)
{
this->myContacts[i].available=false;
contact temp=myContacts[numberOfContacts-1];
myContacts[numberOfContacts-1]=myContacts[i];
myContacts[i]=temp;
numberOfContacts--;
}
}
}
Phonebook(const Phonebook& pb)
{
this->myContacts=pb.myContacts;
this->size=pb.size;
this->numberOfContacts=numberOfContacts;
}
Phonebook& operator=(const Phonebook & pb)
{
myContacts=new contact[size];
this->size=pb.size;
this->numberOfContacts=pb.numberOfContacts;
for(int i=0;i<numberOfContacts;i++)
{
this->myContacts[i]=pb.myContacts[i];
}
return *this;
}
void print()
{
for(int i=0;i<numberOfContacts;i++)
{
if(myContacts[i].available==true)
{
cout<<"Name :"<<myContacts[i].name<<endl;
cout<<"Phone Number :"<<myContacts[i].phoneNumber<<endl;
cout<<"Email :"<<myContacts[i].email<<endl;
cout<<endl;
}
}
}
};
int main(){
Phonebook pb1(10);
pb1.addContact("Williams","9845566778","williamatmail.com");
pb1.addContact("James","9856655445","jamesatmail.com");
cout<<"_____ Displaying Phonebook#1 contacts _____"<<endl;
pb1.print();
pb1.removeContact("Williams");
cout<<"_____ After removing a contact Displaying Phonebook#1 _____"<<endl;
pb1.print();
Phonebook pb2(5);
pb2.addContact("Billy","9845554444","billyatmail.com");
pb2.addContact("Jimmy","9834444444","jimmyatmail.com");
cout<<"_____ Displaying Phonebook#2 contacts _____"<<endl;
pb2.print();
pb2=pb1;
cout<<"____ After Assignment Operator Displaying Phonebook#2 contacts____"<<endl;
pb2.print();
return 0;
}
Nb: Replace the at with at symbol.
Design and implement an application that reads a sequence of up to 25 pairs of names and postal (ZIP) codes for individuals. Store the data in an object designed to store a first name (string), last name (string), and postal code (integer). Assume each line of input will contain two strings followed by an integer value, each separated by a tab character. Then, after the input has been read in, print the list in an appropriate format to the screen.
Answer:
Kindly go to the explanation for the answer.
Explanation:
Person.java
public class Person{
private String firstName, lastName;
private int zip;
public Person(String firstName, String lastName, int zip) {
super();
this.firstName = firstName;
this.lastName = lastName;
this.zip = zip;
}
public String toString() {
String line = "\tFirst Name = " + this.firstName + "\n\tLast Name = " + this.lastName;
line += "\n\tZip Code = " + this.zip + "\n";
return line;
}
}
Test.java
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Test{
public static void main(String args[]) {
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
ArrayList<Person> al = new ArrayList<Person>();
for(int i = 0; i < 25; i++) {
System.out.print("Enter person details: ");
String line = in.nextLine();
String words[] = line.split("\t");
String fname = words[0];
String lname = words[1];
int numb = Integer.parseInt(words[2]);
Person p = new Person(fname, lname, numb);
al.add(p);
}
for(int i = 0; i < 25; i++) {
System.out.println("Person " + (i + 1) + ":");
System.out.println(al.get(i));
}
}
}
Suppose that the first number of a sequence is x, where x is an integer. Define ; if is even; if is odd. Then there exists an integer k such that . Write a program that prompts the user to input the value of x. The program outputs the integer k such that and the numbers . (For example, if , then , and the numbers , respectively, are 75, 226, 113, 340, 170, 85, 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1.) Test your program for the following values of x: 75, 111, 678, 732, 873, 2048, and 65535.
Answer:
The program is written in c++ , go to the explanation part for it, the output can be found in the attached files.
Explanation:
C++ Code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
int x;
cout<<"Enter a number: ";
cin>>x;
int largest = x;
int position = 1, count = 0;
while(x != 1)
{
count++;
cout<<x<<" ";
if(x > largest)
{
largest = x;
position = count;
}
if(x%2 == 0)
x = x/2;
else
x = 3*x + 1;
}
cout<<x<<endl;
cout<<"The largest number of the sequence is "<<largest<<endl;
cout<<"The position of the largest number is "<<position<<endl;
return 0;
}
The program prompts the user for an integer ( x ). It calculates ( k ), the number of iterations until ( x ) becomes 1 in a sequence generated by specific rules: if ( x ) is even, it's divided by 2; if odd, it's multiplied by 3 and incremented by 1. .
Here's a Python program that implements the described sequence and finds the integer ( k ) for the given ( x ) value:
```python
def find_k(x):
k = 0
while x != 1:
if x % 2 == 0:
x = x // 2
else:
x = 3 * x + 1
k += 1
return k
def generate_sequence(x):
sequence = [x]
while x != 1:
if x % 2 == 0:
x = x // 2
else:
x = 3 * x + 1
sequence.append(x)
return sequence
def main():
test_values = [75, 111, 678, 732, 873, 2048, 65535]
for x in test_values:
k = find_k(x)
sequence = generate_sequence(x)
print(f"For x = {x}, k = {k}, sequence: {sequence}")
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
```
This program calculates the integer \( k \) for each given value of \( x \) and generates the sequence according to the rules provided. Then it prints the \( k \) value and the sequence for each test value. You can run this program to verify the results for the provided test values.
What are the programming concepts (within or outside the scope of IT210) that you would like to strengthen and delve into further after this course. Why? What is your plan to learn more about the concept(s) you identify? Identify the course concept(s) that you would like this course to provide more content about. Why? Is there any topic and / or concept for which you need more explanation? In addition to Java, what are the programming languages you are interested to learn? Why?
Answer:
The description for the given question is described in the explanation section below.
Explanation:
I would like to reinforce in advanced or complex concepts such as documents as well as channels, internet programming, multi-threading, after that last lesson.
I am interested in learning web development to develop applications or software. I would also like to explore those concepts by using open source tools.Course concepts will have to develop models for handling.No there is no subject matter or definition you provide further clarity for.I'm interested in studying java as well as web development in comparison to C++ so I can use it in my contract work.Develop a crawler that collects the email addresses in the visited web pages. You can write a function emails() that takes a document (as a string) as input and returns the set of email addresses (i.e., strings) appearing in it. You should use a regular expression to find the email addresses in the document.
Answer:
see explaination
Explanation:
import re
def emails(document):
"""
function to find email in given doc using regex
:param document:
:return: set of emails
"""
# regex for matching emails
pattern = r'[\w\.-]+at[\w\.-]+\.\w+'
# finding all emails
emails_in_doc = re.findall(pattern, document)
# returning set of emails
return set(emails_in_doc)
# Testing the above function
print(emails('random text ertatxyz.com yu\npopatxyz.com random another'))
Implement the A5/1 algorithm. Suppose that, after a particular step, the values of the register are: X = (x0, x1, …, x18) = (1010101010101010101) Y = (y0, y1, …, y21) = (1100110011001100110011) Z = (z0, z1, …, z22) = (11100001111000011110000) List the next 32 keystream bits and give the contents of X, Y, and Z after these 32 bits have been generated.
Answer:
Check the explanation
Explanation:
After a particular step the registers X, Y and Z values are as it is in the first attached image below.
Now calculate the key stream bit, s using the following formula:
key stream bit , s= x0 XOR y0 XOR z0
s= 1 XOR 1 XOR 1
Hence, the 1st key bit stream ,s= 1
Now, for the next step we have to re calculate the contents of registers X, Y and Z as it is in the second attached image below.
For register X:
t= x5 XOR x2 XOR x1 XOR x0
= 0 XOR 1 XOR 0 XOR 1
t=0
For register Y:
t= y1 XOR y0
=1 XOR 1
t=0
For register Z:
t= z15 XOR z2 XOR z1 XOR z0
=1 XOR 1 XOR 1 XOR 1
t=0
Now, the contents of X, Y and X are as it is in the third attached image below.
Key stream bit, s= x0 XOR y0 XOR z0
S= 0 XOR 1 XOR 1
Hence the 2nd key stream bit, s= 0
The A5/1 algorithm generates keystream bits by shifting three LFSRs based on a majority bit mechanism and producing output bits through XOR operations. Following this process, the registers X, Y, and Z are updated, and the keystream is generated. The new register states and keystream give us the final output.
The A5/1 algorithm uses three Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFSRs) named X, Y, and Z. Here are the initial states of the registers:
X = (1010101010101010101)Y = (1100110011001100110011)Z = (11100001111000011110000)To generate the next 32 keystream bits and update the registers, the following steps are followed:
Identify the majority bit of X<11>, Y<11>, and Z<11>.Only the registers with bits equal to the majority bit are shifted.Shift each register, updating the bits according to their feedback taps (for X: positions 13, 16, 17, 18; for Y: positions 20, 21; for Z: position 7, 20, 21, 22).Compute the output bit as the XOR of bits X<18>, Y<21>, Z<22>.Repeat until 32 bits are produced.After generating 32 keystream bits, the contents of the registers and the keystream are:
Keystream = (Provide the actual calculation here)X = (Updated state)Y = (Updated state)Z = (Updated state)(1) The given program outputs a fixed-height triangle using a * character. Modify the given program to output a right triangle that instead uses the user-specified triangle_char character. (1 pt) (2) Modify the program to use a loop to output a right triangle of height triangle_height. The first line will have one user-specified character, such as % or *. Each subsequent line will have one additional user-specified character until the number in the triangle's base reaches triangle_height. Output a space after each user-specified character, including a line's last user-specified character. (2 pts) Example output for triangle_char = % and triangle_height = 5:
Answer:
Following are the code to this question can be described as follows:
c= input('Input triangle_char: ') #defining variable c that input character value
length = int(input('Enter triangle_height: ')) # Enter total height of triangle
for i in range(length): # loop for column values
for j in range(i+1): #loop to print row values
print(c,end=' ') #print value
print()# for new line
Output:
please find the attachment.
Explanation:
In the above python code, two variable "c and length" variables are declared, in variable c is used to input char variable value, in the next line, length variable is defined, that accepts total height from the user.
In the next line, two for loop is declared, it uses as nested looping, in which the outer loop prints column values and inner the loop is used to prints rows. To prints all the value the print method is used, which prints the user input character triangle.The question asks how to modify a program to print a right triangle using a character and height defined by the user. The solution is to use a nested loop, wherein an outer loop specifies the number of rows equal to the triangle's height and the inner loop iterates over each row to print the specified character. The range of the inner loop increases with each outer loop iteration.
Explanation:To modify the given program to output a right triangle using the user-specified character and of a specified height, we would implement a nested loop in the program. An outer loop would control the number of rows, which equals the triangle's height, and an inner loop would handle the printing of the user-specified character per line. The inner loop's range would increase with each iteration of the outer loop. Here's an example in Python:
triangle_char = input('Enter a character: ') triangle_height = int(input('Enter triangle height: ')) for i in range(1, triangle_height + 1):for j in range(i): print(triangle_char, end=' ') print()
The triangle_char variable is the character used to generate the triangle. The triangle_height variable determines the number of rows. The range() function in the loops determines how many times the loop executes.
Learn more about Programming Nested Loops here:https://brainly.com/question/35123300
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Where can we buy a cryptocurrency? from below options
A) Through a private transaction
B) All the options
C) Cryptocurrency Exchanges
D) In a smart contract
it would be C
hope this helps!
Complexities of communication are organized into successive layers of protocols: lower-level layers are more specific to medium, higher-level layers are more specific to application. Match the layer name to its functionality: Transport layer Network layer Data link layer Physical layer A. controls transmission of the raw bit stream over the medium B. establishes, maintains and terminates network connections C. ensures the reliability of link D. provides functions to guarantee reliable network link
Answer:
Transport layer
establishes, maintains and terminates network connections
Network layer
ensures the reliability of link
Data link layer
provides functions to guarantee reliable network link
Physical layer
controls transmission of the raw bit stream over the medium
Explanation:
see Answer
Write a program that reads students’ names followed by their test scores. The program should output each student’s name followed by the test scores and the relevant grade. It should also find and print the highest test score and the name of the students having the highest test score. Student data should be stored in a struct variable of type studentType, which has four components: studentFName and studentLName of type string, testScore of type int (testScore is between 0 and 100), and grade of type char. Suppose that the class has 20 students. Use an array of 20 components of type studentType. Your program must contain at least the following functions: A function to read the students’ data into the array. A function to assign the relevant grade to each student. A function to find the highest test score. A function to print the names of the students having the highest test score. Your program must output each student’s name in this form: last name followed by a comma, followed by a space, followed by the first name; the name must be left justified. Moreover, other than declaring the variables and opening the input and output files, the function main should only be a collection of function calls.
The program will manage students' test scores using a struct that records each student's name, score, and grade. It involves functions to input data, calculate grades, and identify the highest scorer. Output is formatted as 'LastName, FirstName: Grade'.
Explanation:
Program Structure for Student Grade Records
To create a program for managing student test scores and grades, we would define a struct named studentType with components studentFName, studentLName, testScore, and grade. We'd use an array of studentType of size 20 to store each student's details. The program would include functions to read student data, assign grades, find the highest test score, and print students with the highest score. Grades would be assigned based on the test scores in a typical A-F scale.
The main function should be clean and comprise primarily of function calls to handle various operations such as reading data and processing grades.
The output format for each student's name and grade should be "LastName, FirstName: Grade" with the last name and first name left justified, following the requirements specified for the assignment.