Could you separate the sodium from the chlorine by crushing the salt crystals

To determine if a beaker of clear, colorless liquid has dissolved salt, you can perform several tests such as a conductivity test, density comparison (float an egg), evaporation to observe residue, or a silver nitrate test to check for the presence of chloride ions.

To determine whether a clear, colorless liquid in a beaker has dissolved table salt, one can't rely on sight, taste, or smell as salt solution is clear, odorless, and we want to avoid tasting it. However, one can utilize certain properties of salt when it's in a solution.

One such property is that a salt solution conducts electricity. This is due to the presence of ions in the solution formed when the salt, sodium chloride (NaCl), dissolves into sodium ions (Na+) and chloride ions (Cl-). You can perform a simple conductivity test. If the solution conducts electricity, it could signify the presence of table salt in the water.

Another method can be based on the principle of density. Salt water has a higher density than pure water. One way to use this difference is to float an egg in the solution. If an egg floats, there is a good chance the water contains salt because the salt increases the water's density, allowing the egg to float.

Evaporation is another method. By carefully evaporating the water, one would be left with any soluble substances that were present. If there are white, crystalline residues (which are characteristic of table salt), it indicates that the liquid contained dissolved table salt.

Lastly, a silver nitrate test could also be done. If you add a few drops of silver nitrate solution to the sample, and a white precipitate forms, this indicates the presence of chloride ions and hence, salt in the solution.

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Answer:

hello

Explanation:

We can see all four colors from a hydrogen gas discharge tube simultaneously by passing the light through a prism or diffraction grating, separating the light into its constituent wavelengths. These wavelengths result from the process of electrons cascading down through the different energy levels of the hydrogen atoms, emitting energy as light. This process, known as fluorescence, allows us to view the four colors simultaneously.

To see all four colors from a hydrogen gas discharge tube simultaneously, one must understand the concept of emission lines and how a tube of hydrogen gas generates light. When an electric discharge passes through the tube, the H₂ molecules are separated into individual H atoms and light is emitted. This light is typically blue-pink in color due to the individual wavelengths of light, or photons, released.

A helpful illustration of this can be gained by passing the gas's light through a prism or diffraction grating, producing a line spectrum. This process separates the light into its constituent wavelengths, yielding four distinct colors that can be perceived simultaneously. Each emission line represents a different color because each line corresponds to a single wavelength of light, with each wavelength correlating to a specific energy level.

These wavelengths are a result of the electrons captured by the hydrogen nuclei cascading down through the different energy levels and emitting energy in the form of light. This is a process known as fluorescence, and it allows us to view the four colors from a hydrogen gas discharge tube at the same time.

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The four colors in a hydrogen gas discharge tube can be seen simultaneously when the light emitted by charged H atoms is passed through a prism or diffraction grating. These colors are a result of electrons transitioning between different energy levels within the hydrogen atom, each transition emitting photons of a specific wavelength and hence a specific color.

To see all four colors from a hydrogen gas discharge tube simultaneously, we utilize a phenomenon known as the emission spectrum. When an electric discharge passes through a tube containing hydrogen gas at low pressure, the H₂ molecules are broken apart into separate H atoms. This action produces light, a blue-pink color that is a combination of photons of four visible wavelengths. This light, when passed through a diffraction grating or a prism, separates into its constituent wavelengths, each representing a specific color.

The emission lines are a result of electrons in the hydrogen atoms moving between different energy levels. When electrons move from a higher energy level to a lower one, they emit energy in the form of photons, the discrete packets of light. The frequency and color of the light emitted depend on the energy difference between the two levels. For instance, the red hydrogen line is from the transition that releases the most energy.

The emission spectrum of hydrogen, notably, consists of lines of four distinct colors: red, blue, violet, and a second, fainter red. The presence of these four different emission lines corresponds to the four unique transitions that the electrons in a hydrogen atom can undergo. Therefore, when you look at the hydrogen gas discharge tube, you are actually seeing the combined light from millions of these transitions occurring simultaneously.

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I think the answer is form

Final answer:

A lily plant on a pond is an example of a primary producer in a food chain.

Explanation:

In a food chain, the organisms are classified into different trophic levels based on their feeding habits. The first trophic level includes the primary producers, which are typically photosynthetic organisms like plants or phytoplankton. The organisms that consume the primary producers are known as primary consumers, and they belong to the second trophic level. The lily plant in a pond would be considered a primary producer, which is part of the first trophic level in the food chain.

Answer: -

Diatomic molecules will be non polar when

B) both atoms are the same element.

Explanation: -

Non polar means the electrons in a bond between the two atoms are present at the same distance from the two atoms.

The electrons get closer to one atom over the other if the electronegativity if different.

The difference in electronegativity arises due to different number of protons.

Thus, Diatomic molecules will be non polar when

B) both atoms are the same element.

Answer:

[tex]5.969\times 10^{20} atoms[/tex] are present in a modern penny.

Explanation:

Mass of copper in modern penny = 0.063 g

Moles of copper : n

[tex]n=\frac{0.063 g}{63.55 g/mol}=0.0009913 mole[/tex]

Number of copper atoms in 0.0009913 mole = n

[tex]N=n\times N_A[/tex]

[tex]N=0.0009913 mol\times 6.022\times 10^{23} mol^{-1}=5.969\times 10^{20} atoms[/tex]

There are 5.97×10²⁰ atoms of copper in the penny.

From Avogadro's hypothesis, we understood that 1 mole of any substance contains 6.02×10²³ atoms.

This implies that 1 mole of copper, Cu contains 6.02×10²³ atoms.

Recall:

1 mole of copper = 63.55 g

Thus,

Finally, we shall determine the number of atoms present in 0.063 g of copper, Cu. This can be obtained as follow:

63.55 g of Cu = 6.02×10²³ atoms

Therefore,

0.063 g of Cu = 0.063 × 6.02×10²³ / 63.55

Thus, 0.063 g of Cu contains 5.97×10²⁰ atoms

Therefore, we can conclude that there are 5.97×10²⁰ atoms of copper in the penny.

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Answer:

Explanation:

In atoms, there are a total of four quantum numbers: the principal quantum number (n), the orbital angular momentum quantum number (l), the magnetic quantum number (ml), and the electron spin quantum number (ms).

The Hydrogen ion has no electron to begin with, so upon adding five electrons, it's electronic configuration becomes;

Is2 2s2 2p1

The principal quantum number (n) = 2 (Second energy level)

The value of l is dependent on the principal quantum number n. Unlike n, the value of l can be zero. It can also be a positive integer, but it cannot be larger than one less than the principal quantum number (n-1):

Hence, l = 2-1 = 1

The magnetic quantum number ml determines the number of orbitals and their orientation within a subshell. Since ml must range from –l to +l, then ml can be: --1, 0, or 1.

Unlike n, l, and ml, the electron spin quantum number ms does not depend on another quantum number. It designates the direction of the electron spin and may have a spin of +1/2, represented by↑, or –1/2, represented by ↓

The element that is present in all amino acids but not necessarily in fats or carbohydrates is Nitrogen. This is due to the amino and carboxyl groups present in all amino acids, both of which contain Nitrogen atoms.

The element present in all amino acids but not necessarily in fats or carbohydrates is Nitrogen. This is due to the structure of amino acids, which all contain an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH). Both of these groups contain Nitrogen atoms.

As name implies, "amino acid", these molecules consist of both an amino group and a carboxyl group. This basic structure is common to all 20 types of amino acids found in proteins. A variation in each amino acid is the R group (or side chain), which differs for each amino acid.

However, carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and fats are composed of glycerol and fatty acids, which also contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. So, they may not necessarily contain Nitrogen, which makes Nitrogen a unique constituent of amino acids.

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Explanation:

It is known that before melting ice cream is present in a solid state so, its molecules are much closer due to which it has retained its shape.

But as its molecules absorb energy from the surroundings the they tend to gain kinetic energy. Due to this there will be increase in collision between its particles and they will move apart from each other. As a result, ice cream will start to melt.

Therefore, when ice cream melts and forms a liquid then molecules move away from each other at the molecular level.

Answer:

Nitrogen in the gas phase is attracted by weaker inter-molecular forces.

Further details:

Nitrogen has London dispersion forces which have weak inter-molecular interactions.

London dispersion forces:

The London dispersion force is the feeblest inter-molecular force, and is a temporary attractive force that results when the electrons in two adjacent atoms positions that make the atoms form transitory dipoles. This force is sometimes called an induced dipole attraction. London forces are the attractive forces that root non-polar substances to reduce to liquids and to freeze into solids when the temperature is dropped adequately.

London force (fluctuating dipole–induced dipole), which rises due to the non-zero immediate dipole moments of all atoms and molecules is a type of weak inter-molecular interaction. Such polarization can be persuaded either by a polar fragment or by the repulsion of negatively charged electron clouds in non-polar molecules. Thus, London interactions are produced by accidental variations of electron compactness in an electron cloud. An atom with a large number of electrons will have a greater related London force than an atom with fewer electrons. The dispersion (London) force is the most significant constituent because all materials are polarizable, whereas Keesom and Debye forces need permanent dipoles. The London interaction is universal and is present in atom-atom interfaces as well. For numerous causes, London interactions (dispersion) have been deliberated relevant for interactions between macroscopic bodies in reduced systems.

Answer details:

Subject:  Chemistry

Level:  High school

Keywords:

• Nitrogen

• London dispersion forces

• Weak molecular attraction

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Chlorine has total 17 electrons in its atom. Out which 10 are inner or core electrons and 7 are valence electrons located in the 3s and 3p shells.

Chlorine (Cl) is 17th element in periodic table. It is a non metal located in the 17th group of periodic table. Cl contains 17 electrons and 17 protons. It have an atomic mass of 35.5 g/mol.

Out of the 17 electrons, 10 electrons of Cl are located in the inner shells or orbitals 1s, 2s, and 2p. The remaining 7 electrons are located in the valence shells 3s and 3p. 2 electrons in 3s orbital and 5 electrons in 3p orbital.

Cl needs one more electron to achieve octet in valence shell. Hence, it is a highly electronegative atom forming ionic bonds with metals as well covalent bonds with other nonmetals.

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Answer :

The correct answer is option B.

Explanation :

Significant figures : The figures in a number which express the value of magnitude of a quantity to a specific degree of accuracy is known as significant digits.

Given value = 0.0952

[tex]0.0952 km\approx 0.095 km[/tex]

'Zeros' before and after decimal point are insignificant. But when 'zeros' is coming between two numerals then it is count as significant.

Iron's density is about 7.9 times greater than that of water. This is calculated by dividing the density of iron (7.9 g/cm³) by the density of water (1 g/cm³).

The density of iron is approximately 7.9 g/cm³, while the density of water is 1 g/cm³ under standard conditions. Therefore, to find how many times greater the density of iron is compared to water, you can perform a simple division: 7.9 g/cm³ (density of iron) divided by 1 g/cm³ (density of water).

This calculation reveals that iron is about 7.9 times denser than water.

When working through density problems, it's important to compare densities in the same units. Since the density of water is taken as a baseline of 1 g/cm³, it allows for an easy comparison with other substances.

In the case of iron, this substantial difference in density has practical implications, such as the fact that iron sinks in water and is used for constructions that require strength and weight, like rebar. This density also affects the speed of sound travel, as it moves faster through iron than through air because of iron's higher rigidity and density.