Answer:
According to the proton theory of acids and bases by J. Brønsted and T. Lowry, the acid is proton donor.
Explanation:
According to the Bronsted lowry concept an acid is substance that gives protons or hydrogen ion while,
Base is substance that accept hydrogen ion or proton.
Consider the following example:
NH₃ + HCl → NH₄⁺ + Cl⁻
In this example HCl is Bronsted lowry acid it gives H⁺ while ammonia is Bronsted lowry base because it accept H⁺.
This also gives the concept of conjugate acid and base. In given example Cl⁻ is conjugate base of HCl while NH₄⁺ is conjugate acid of ammonia.
The Brønsted-Lowry theory defines an acid as a proton donor and a base as a proton acceptor, which broadens the scope of acid-base reactions beyond aqueous solutions.
Explanation:Brønsted-Lowry Theory of Acids and Bases
According to the Brønsted-Lowry theory of acids and bases, an acid is any substance that can donate a proton (H+), which is the same as a hydrogen ion. This concept broadens the definition of acids beyond the earlier Arrhenius definition, which was limited to substances that increase the concentration of H3O+ in water. In contrast, a Brønsted-Lowry base is any substance that can accept a proton from another molecule. One classic example is the reaction where ammonia (NH3) acts as a Brønsted-Lowry base by accepting a proton from a molecule of water, thereby forming ammonium (NH4+) and hydroxide (OH–) ions.
The theory allows for the classification of molecules in acid-base reactions based on the transfer of protons, which does not restrict the classification to aqueous solutions alone. Therefore, it provides a broader and more versatile framework for understanding acid-base chemistry compared to the Arrhenius definition.
Consider the hall reactions below for a chemical reaction
ZnZn2+ (aq) + 2e
Cu?" (aq) + 2e" - Cu(s)
What is the overall equation for this chemical reaction?
Zn(s) + Cu2+ (aq) -- Zn2+ (aq) + Cu(s)
Zn(s) + Cu2+ (aq) Cu* (ag)+ 2e"
Zn2+ (aq) + Cu(s) Cu(aq) + Zn(s)
Zn2+ (aq) + 2e" - Cu2(aq) + 2e
Zn + Cu²⁺ → Zn²⁺ + Cu
Explanation:
The overall equation of this redox reaction is combination of the two half equations. The similar species on both sides are cancelled out leaving a net overall reaction:
Zn → Zn²⁺ + 2e⁻ oxidation step
Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻ → Cu reduction step
Combining both equations:
Zn + Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻ → Zn²⁺ + 2e⁻ + Cu
since the common specie on both sides is 2e⁻, they cancel out to give an overall reaction:
Zn + Cu²⁺ → Zn²⁺ + Cu
learn more:
Redox reaction https://brainly.com/question/8727728
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Final answer:
The overall equation for the displacement reaction where zinc replaces copper is Zn(s) + Cu2+ (aq) → Zn2+ (aq) + Cu(s).
Explanation:
The question concerns the determination of the overall chemical reaction for a displacement reaction where zinc displaces copper from its solution. Starting from the half-reactions, the oxidation half-reaction is Zn(s) → Zn2+(aq) + 2e-, which indicates zinc is being oxidized by losing electrons. The reduction half-reaction for copper is Cu2+(aq) + 2e- → Cu(s), showing that copper ions are being reduced by gaining electrons. When we combine these two half-reactions, we must ensure that the electrons lost by zinc equal the electrons gained by copper to balance the reaction. Thus, the overall reaction is Zn(s) + Cu2+ (aq) → Zn2+ (aq) + Cu(s). This equation represents a single displacement reaction where zinc metal is transformed into its ionic form and copper ions are deposited as copper metal.
The volume, in liters, of 835 g SO3 at STP. Show your work.
Answer:
233.856 L
Explanation:
The STP conditions refer to the standard temperature and pressure. Pressure values at 1 atmosphere and temperature at 0 ° C are used and are reference values for gases. And in these conditions 1 mole of any gas occupies an approximate volume of 22.4 liters.
So first of all you should know the amount of moles that represents 835 g of SO₃. For that, you know that:
S: 32 g/moleO: 16 g/molSo: SO₃= 32 g/mol + 3*16 g/mol= 80 g/mol
Now a rule of three applies as follows: if 80 g of SO₃ are contained in 1 mol, 835 g of the compound, how many moles are there?
[tex]moles=\frac{835 g* 1 mole}{80 g}[/tex]
moles= 10.44
Finally, you apply a new rule of three as follows: if, according to STP, 1 mole occupies a volume of 22.4 L, 10.44 moles, how much volume does it occupy?
volume=[tex]\frac{10.44 moles*22.4 L}{1 mole}[/tex]
volume=233.856 L
The volume of 835 g SO₃ at STP is 233.856 L
To find the volume of 835 g of SO₃ at STP, determine the number of moles and then use the molar volume for gases at STP. The calculation yields approximately 234 liters, the mass, in grams, of a molecule of aspirin (C₉H₈O₄) as 2.99 × 10⁻²² g and the number of atoms in 5.78 mol NH₄NO₃ as 3.13 × 10²⁵ atoms.
a)The volume, in liters, of 835 g SO₃ at STP can be found by using the molar volume concept. At standard temperature and pressure (STP), one mole of any gas occupies 22.4 liters. Here’s the step-by-step solution:
First, we'll determine the number of moles of SO₃:The molar mass of SO₃ is calculated as follows:
S (Sulfur): 32.07 g/mol
O₃ (Oxygen): 3 × 16.00 g/mol = 48.00 g/mol
Total molar mass of SO₃ = 32.07 + 48.00 = 80.07 g/mol
Number of moles of SO₃ = Mass / Molar mass = 835 g / 80.07 g/mol ≈ 10.43 mol
Next, use the molar volume at STP to find the volume:Molar volume at STP = 22.4 L/mol
Volume of SO₃ = Number of moles × Molar volume = 10.43 mol × 22.4 L/mol ≈ 233.63 L
Round the answer to three significant figures: 233.63 L ≈ 234 Lb. Mass of a molecule of aspirin (C₉H₈O₄):
First, find the molar mass of aspirin:
Molar mass of C₉H₈O₄ = 9 × 12.01 (C) + 8 × 1.01 (H) + 4 × 16.00 (O)
Molar mass ≈ 180.17 g/mol
Next, use Avogadro's number (6.022 × 10²³ molecules/mol) to find the mass of one molecule:
Mass of one molecule = molar mass / Avogadro's number
= 180.17 g/mol / (6.022 × 10²³ molecules/mol)
≈ 2.99 × 10⁻²² g
c. Number of atoms in 5.78 mol NH₄NO₃
First, determine the number of molecules in 5.78 mol:
Number of molecules = 5.78 mol × 6.022 × 10²³ molecules/mol
≈ 3.48 × 10²⁴ molecules
Next, determine the total number of atoms in one molecule of
NH₄NO₃: 1 N + 4 H + 1 N + 3 O = 9 atoms
So, the total number of atoms is:
Total atoms = 3.48 × 10²⁴ molecules × 9 atoms/molecule
≈ 3.13 × 10²⁵ atoms
Therefore, the volume of 835 g SO₃ at STP is approximately 234 liters, the mass, in grams, of a molecule of aspirin (C₉H₈O₄) is 2.99 × 10⁻²² g and the number of atoms in 5.78 mol NH₄NO₃ is 3.13 × 10²⁵ atoms.
Complete question.
Find each of the following quantities:
a. the volume, in liters, of 835 g SO₃ at STP
b. the mass, in grams, of a molecule of aspirin (C₉H₈O₄)
c. the number of atoms in 5.78 mol NH₄NO₃
What effect does the speed of molecules have on matter? (ANSWER AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE PLZ & EARN 40 POINTS)
A. It helps figure out the matter’s density.
B. It controls the matter’s weight.
C. It determines the mass of the matter.
D. It determines what state the matter is in.
Answer: D is the right option
Explanation: if the speed of the molecules are randomly fast that they are only restricted by the wall of the container, it therefore means that the matter is in gaseous state. If the speed are fast to an extent that they transfer heat to another thereby making them fast to move about, the matter is in liquid state. But when the molecules only vibrate about a fixed point, the matter is in solid state
The correct answer is D. It determines what state the matter is in.
The particular state in which matter is is dependent on the sped of the molecules hat compose matter.
Matter is composed of small particles called molecules. These molecules are in constant motion and bump into each other frequently.
In solids, the molecules that compose matter only vibrate or rotate about a fixed position.
In liquids, the molecules that compose matter can move about at low speed.
Molecules of a gas move at high speed. We can see that the particular state of matter is defined by the speed of the molecules that compose it.
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2. When Thomson held a positively charged plate near the cathode ray, the beam bent toward the plate. What conclusion can be drawn from this observation? (2 points)
The beam was made of light.
The beam was positively charged.
The beam was negatively charged.
The beam was made of neutrons.
Answer:
option B is correct : The beam was positively charged.
Explanation:
In 19th century J.J Thomson conducted an experiment on cathode ray tube. These cathode ray tubes were sealed glass tubes inside which the pressure of the gas reduced by evacuating air. Then he applied a high voltage across two electrodes at end of the tube, that voltage caused a beam of particles to flow from the cathode to the anode.
Beam of the particles were originated at the cathode and detected on anode by a phosphorous beyond the anode. As at that time phosphorous sparks and emit light.
To test properties of particles he places two opposite charged electric plates around the cathode rays that is one negative and one positive plate.
Thomson observed that these rays deflected to positive electric plate so it indicated that these rays are composed of negatively charged particles as it was attracted by the positive charged electric plate. These particles later named as electrons.
So,
option B is correct : The beam was positively charged.
After a wire and filament have been connected, the second requirement for the conduction of electricity is a(n) _____. conductive path energy source light bulb conductor
Answer:
ENERGY SOURCE
Explanation:
JUST TOOK QUIZ
The other person is right,
the answer is
(B) energy source
Hope this helps <3
The atmospheric pressure in Francisco on ascertain day was 97.6kpa what was the pressure on mmhg
Answer:
732.0601 mmHg
Explanation:
Given data:
Pressure = 97.6 KPa
Given pressure in mmHg = ?
Solution:
Kilo pascal and millimeter mercury both are units of pressure.
Kilo pascal is denoted as "KPa"
Millimeter mercury is denoted as " mmHg"
Kilo pascal is measure of force per unit area while also define as newton per meter square.
It is manometric unit of pressure. It is the pressure generated by column of mercury one millimeter high.
Conversation of kilopascal to mmHg:
97.6 × 7.501 = 732.0601 mmHg
When dissolved in water, acids produce ____.
Answer:
Acids when dissolved in water produce hydrogen ions.
Explanation:
Determine how many moles of KNO3 are created if 0.03 moles of Kl are completely consumed
Directly determining the number of moles of KNO3 formed from KI is not feasible without a specific chemical reaction pathway, as KI typically does not directly convert into KNO3.
Explanation:To determine the number of moles of KNO3 created when 0.03 moles of KI is completely consumed, we need a balanced chemical equation for the reaction involving KI and how it transforms into KNO3. Unfortunately, without a specific chemical reaction indicating how KNO3 is formed from KI, accurately calculating the moles of KNO3 produced directly from KI is challenging since KI typically does not transform directly into KNO3 through a simple chemical reaction. In typical laboratory or industrial settings, KNO3 is formed through different chemical pathways that do not directly involve KI as a reactant.
To determine the moles of KNO3 created from 0.03 moles of KI consumed,
Write and balance the chemical equation representing the reaction between KI and KNO3.
Use stoichiometry to calculate the moles of KNO3 formed from the moles of KI consumed.
Apply the coefficients of the balanced equation to convert moles of KI to moles of KNO3.
Therefore, without the explicit chemical reaction provided, we can conclude that the direct transformation from KI to KNO3, leading to a calculation of moles of KNO3 produced from a given amount of KI, is not standardly feasible. For accurate calculations, the exact chemical equation is necessary.
What’s not a chemical change
What are the coefficients for the reaction _C12O5 + _H20 - _HCIO3 once it is balanced?
O 1, 1, 1
1, 1, 2
O 1, 2, 2
2, 1, 1
Answer:
b) 1,1,2
Explanation:
Cl2O5 + H2O → 2 HClO32 - Cl - 2
6 - O - 6
2 - H - 2
by semireactions, the chloride ion (Cl) is balanced with HClO3 and the oxygen is balanced with water:
Cl2O5 + H2O → 2 HClO3
Human impact on one system leads to changes in more of Earth's systems.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
от
OF
It is true that human impact on one system leads to changes in more of Earth’s systems.
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Human impact had created large impacts on Earth’s systems. The pollution in air, deforestation, dumping of lakes lead to several changes in environment. Also emission of carbon, methane and other hazardous gases from several manufacturing unit effect the environment.
Along with this, increase in usage of non-renewable fuels and release of CFC's emitted from AC’s, fridge lead to elimination of ozone layer making the environment open to direct UV radiation. So yes, it is true that human impact on one system leads to changes in more of Earth’s systems.
Answer:
true
Explanation:
If an atom has 17 protons, 18 neutrons, and 17 electrons, what is the mass of this atom?
A: 17
B:18
C:35
D:52
well for starters this atom is call chlorine
and this has a total mass of 35.075 or sum like that so C .35
hope this helped you in any kinda way
1. In the chemical equation above, name the reactant(s)
and product(s).
Answer:
There ain't enough info in the question to answer but, I can say that reactants were there before the reaction, but products were produced by the reaction.
Explanation:
I don't really know how to answer this.
Which substances have AH = 0 kJ/mol
Answer:
Oxygen, bromine, iron, helium
Explanation:
[tex]\Delta H^o_f[/tex] is defined as the standard enthalpy of formation. By definition, the standard enthalpy of formation is equal to 0 kJ/mol for the substances in their standard states, that is, at room temperature and 1 atm pressure.
Simply speaking, looking at the substances given, we need to understand whether their states agree with what we expect to see at standard conditions (e. g., sodium is a metal, fluorine is a gas, bromine is a liquid at standard conditions). Those are substances consisting of just one type of atoms.
Firstly, oxygen is a gas at standard conditions and it is diatomic, so its [tex]\Delta H^o_f=0 kJ/mol[/tex].Although nitrogen is a gas at standard conditions, it is diatomic, so [tex]\Delta H^o_f\neq 0 kJ/mol[/tex].Water is a liquid at standard conditions, however, it consists of two types of atoms, hydrogen and oxygen, so [tex]\Delta H^o_f \neq 0 kJ/mol[/tex].Bromine is a liquid at standard conditions, so [tex]\Delta H^o_f=0 kJ/mol[/tex].Iron is a solid at standard conditions, it's a metal, so [tex]\Delta H^o_f=0 kJ/mol[/tex].Helium is a gas at standard conditions, it belongs to noble gases, so [tex]\Delta H^o_f=0 kJ/mol[/tex].Sulfur is a solid at room conditions, however, the conformation it has is [tex]S_8[/tex] and not [tex]S_6[/tex], so [tex]\Delta H^o_f\neq 0 kJ/mol[/tex].Ionising radiation is emitted all the time by __________ sources. What one word completes the sentence?
Radioactive
Explanation:
A substance that gives out radiation all the time is unstable, therefore called radioactive.
I checked the answer myself and got it correct so i hope that this helps. (✿◡‿◡)
The statement, that describes ionizing radiation is emitted all the time is by "radioactive sources."
What is an ionizing radiation?Ionizing radiation is the radiation released by unstable nuclei because it can dislodge outer electrons from atoms, forcing them to form ions as it passes through matter. This radiation generates energy from either natural or man-made sources.
Ionizing radiation is a type of energy that atoms emit as electromagnetic waves or particles. People are exposed to ionizing radiation from both natural sources, such as soil, water, and vegetation, and man-made ones, such as x-rays and medical gadgets. Ionizing radiation sources include radioactive materials that emit radiation all the time.
Hence the correct answer is radioactive sources.
Learn more about ionizing radiation here
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Explain what makes insulative materials work most effectively.
Answer:
Most common insulation materials work by slowing conductive heat flow and--to a lesser extent--convective heat flow. Radiant barriers and reflective insulation systems work by reducing radiant heat gain. To be effective, the reflective surface must face an air space.
Explanation:
To be effective, the reflective surface must face an air space.
PLEASE HELP
Your kidneys, the main organ of the excretory system, work with the __________ system, to filter liquid waste from your blood.
A) circulatory
B) digestive
C) immune
D) nervous
Answer:
The correct answer is A) circulatory
Explanation:
The circulatory system collects metabolic wastes from the blood, which will be eliminated by the kidneys through urine.
The kidneys are responsible for the elimination of waste, acids and excess fluid from the body, maintaining the balance of water, salts and minerals. Blood flows into the kidney through the renal artery.
how many moles would 73.8L of a gas be at STP
Answer: 3.295moles
Explanation:Please see attachment for explanation
a 5L container contains 3 moles of helium and 4 moles of hydrogen at a pressure of 9 atms maintaining a constant T and additional 2 mol or hydrogen are added.... what is the new partial pressure of hydrogen gas in a container
Answer:
7.71 atm
Explanation:
Given the following data:
[tex]V = 5 L[/tex]
[tex]n_{He} = 3 mol[/tex]
[tex]n_{H_2} = 4 mol[/tex]
[tex]p_1 = 9 atm[/tex]
[tex]T = const[/tex]
According to the ideal gas law, we know that the product between pressure and volume of a gas is equal to the product between moles, the ideal gas law constant and the absolute temperature:
[tex]pV = nRT[/tex]
Since the temperature and the ideal gas constant are constants, as well as the fixed container volume of 5 L, we may rearrange the equation as:
[tex]\frac{p}{n}=\frac{RT}{V}=const[/tex]
This means for two conditions, we'd obtain:
[tex]\frac{p_1}{n_1}=\frac{p_2}{n_2}[/tex]
Given:
[tex]p_1 = 9 atm[/tex]
[tex]n_1 = n_{initial total} = n_{He} + n_{H_2} = 3 mol + 4 mol = 7 mol[/tex]
[tex]n_2 = n_{final total} = n_{He} + n_{H_2} = 3 mol + 4 mol + 2 mol = 9 mol[/tex]
Solve for the final pressure:
[tex]p_2 = p_1\cdot \frac{n_2}{n_1}[/tex]
Now, according to the Dalton's law of partial pressures, the partial pressure is equal to the total pressure multiplied by the mole fraction of a component:
[tex]p_{H_2}=\chi_{H_2}p_2[/tex]
Knowing that:
[tex]p_2 = p_1\cdot \frac{n_2}{n_1}[/tex]
And:
[tex]\chi_{H_2}=\frac{n_H_2}{n_2}[/tex]
The equation becomes:
[tex]p_{H_2}=\chi_{H_2}p_2=p_1\cdot \frac{n_2}{n_1}\cdot \frac{n_H_2}{n_2}=p_1\cdot \frac{n_H_2}{n_1}[/tex]
Substituting the variables:
[tex]p_{H_2}=9 atm\cdot \frac{4 mol + 2 mol}{7 mol}=7.71 atm[/tex]
what are the pros and cons of reclamation?
Answer:
Advantages: More land has been made available for development. More buildings and infrastructure can be built, and also for other reasons.
Disadvantages: Much greenery has been removed in order for the land needed. Land reclamation can be damaging to corals and marine life. Corals are usually moved to another place when land is to be reclaimed. The corals might not be able to survive in that certain habitat, and thus die out. In some countries, where the project is large-scale, they do not even bother to re-plant the corals elsewhere, instead just reclaim the land on their habitat, causing them to die out immediately. Marine life, such as fishes, might not have enough food after the underwater plantations are destroyed due to reclamation of land. This applies to the food chain. The waters might also be polluted from the soil used to reclaim land, causing the fishes to die and blocking out sunlight, depriving the underwater plants of growth. Marine habitats are also destroyed, as mentioned earlier; therefore, the marine creatures would be forced to move to another new habitat. Some might not be able to adapt, and thus die out. Some would just die without even finding a new habitat, as they cannot move long distances in water. Of course, the reasons and examples look tempting to us humans, but marine life is life too! We should try to protect is as much as possible, instead of just focusing on the advantages.
Explain why NH3 has stronger intermolecular forces of attraction than Cl2
Answer:
Because of Hydrogen Bonding!
Answer:
NH3 has stronger intermolecular forces compared to Cl2, due to NH3 having polar molecules, and hydrogen bonding.
Explanation:
There are three types of intermolecular forces:
Dipole-Dipole interactionsLondon Dispersion forcesHydrogen bondsHow many moles are 5.42 x 1026 atoms of calcium?
Answer: 900.33moles
Explanation:Please see attachment for explanation
Answer:
There are 899.88 moles.
Explanation:
To solve this problem we'll need to use Avogadro's number, which tells us that in one mole of a species, there are 6.023x10²³ atoms (or molecules).
With the above information in mind we can calculate the moles in 5.42x10²⁶ atoms of calcium:
5.42x10²⁶ atoms * [tex]\frac{1 mol}{6.023x10^{23}atoms}[/tex] = 899.88 molesWhich atom or ion is the largest?
Answer:
The elements with the largest atomic radii are located towards the left and bottom of the periodic table (i.e. at the bottom of Group 1). Thus, in theory, the largest atom should be Francium.
it is Francium
Explanation:
HELP ASAP!
Explain how meteorologists make weather predictions. Include at least two types of weather tools and how they help inform the predictions. Use complete sentences.
PLEASE HELP! This is science by the way.
1. Meteorologist predict the weather by using tools. They use these tools to measure atmospheric conditions that occurred in the past and present, and they apply this information to create educated guesses about the future weather. The best we can do is observe past and present atmospheric patterns and data, and apply this information to what we think will happen in the future. Meteorologists use the scientific method on a daily – and even hourly – basis!
2. They use thermometers, barometers, sling psychrometers and rain gauges. They also use anemometers, hygrometers, weather maps, weather balloons and weather satellites.
Final answer:
Meteorologists make weather predictions by using weather stations and radar to gather data and analyze patterns in the atmosphere.
Explanation:
Meteorologists make weather predictions by using various tools to gather data and analyze patterns in the atmosphere.
Two types of weather tools commonly used by meteorologists are:
Weather stations: These are equipped with instruments such as barometers to measure air pressure, thermometers to measure temperature, and anemometers to measure wind speed and direction.
Radar: Weather radar uses radio waves to detect precipitation and track its movement. This information is crucial for predicting the path and intensity of storms.
By collecting data from these tools and analyzing it, meteorologists can make accurate weather predictions.
Which noble gas does not have a true octet
Answer:
Hellium
Explanation:
Data Given:
Krypton
Helium
Xenon
Neon
doesn't have true Octet =?
Solution:
Octet Rule:
The atoms have 8 electrons in their valence shell and have stable electronic configuration.
Now we will look for the electronic configuration of each given noble gas to look for octet rule
1. Krypton (Kr)
Atomic No. 36
Electrons per shell: 2, 8, 18, 8
Electronic configuration: [Ar] 3d¹⁰, 4s², 4p⁶
So
it have 8 electrons in its outer (valance) shell and obey octet rule
___________________
2. Hellium (He)
Atomic No. 2
Electrons per shell: 2
Electronic configuration: 1s²
So
It have 2 electrons in its outer (valance) shell and do not obey octet rule. although it is stable and obey duplet rule but not have true octet.
_____________________
3. Xenon (Xe)
Atomic No. 54
Electrons per shell: 2, 8, 18, 18, 8
Electronic configuration: [Kr] 4d¹⁰, 5s², 5p⁶
So
it have 8 electrons in its outer (valance) shell and obey octet rule
___________________
4. Neon (Ne)
Atomic No. 10
Electrons per shell: 2, 8
Electronic configuration: 1s², 2s², 2p⁶
So
it have 8 electrons in its outer (valance) shell and obey octet rule
___________________
So its only the hellium that do not have octet.
Critical Thinking Questions
8. What relationship exists between an atom's valence electrons and the number of dots in the
Lewis structure of the atom?
Answer:
the dots on a lewis structure represent valence electrons so they are the amount of valence electrons in the lewis structures atom
4. What do the numbers in Carbon-12 and Carbon-14 represent?!
Answer:
The number in C-12 and C-14 represent their atomic masses.
Explanation:
The number in C-12 and C-14 represent their atomic masses.
These two are the isotopes of carbon.
Isotopes of an element have same atomic number and different atomic masses due to different number of neutrons present.
An atom consist of electron, protons and neutrons. Protons and neutrons are present with in nucleus while the electrons are present out side the nucleus. All these three subatomic particles construct an atom.
All isotopes of carbon have same number of electrons and protons i.e, six
while C-14 has 8 neutrons and C-12 has six neutrons.
C-14 = 14-6 = 8
C-12 = 12-6 = 6
Thus sum of neutrons and protons is atomic mass that's why C-14 has 14 atomic mass (8+6=14) while C-12 has 12 atomic mass (6+6=12).
Apple trees reproduce naturally by sexual reproduction. How does this explain why there are many types of Apple's? Be sure to mention meiosis and chromosomes in your answer
Answer:
Sexual reproduction can be described as the method of reproduction in which the offsprings produced will have half the chromosomes as compared to the parent cell. The other half of the chromosomes to make a complete set would arise from the other parent. In this way, the offspring produced will carry half of the chromosomes from the female parent and half from the male parent.
Crossing over and independent assortment are two phenomenons of meiosis due to which genetic diversity occurs and the offsprings born are not exactly similar to the parent cell.
Answer: The four cells that are produced by meiosis has only one of each chromosome. One of these four cells from one parent combines with another from the other parent to produce the offspring. An offspring gets half its chromosomes from each parent. But the exact combination of chromosomes it gets from each parent is random. So, each offspring ends up with a unique set of genes different from its parents and other offspring.
16. Nuclear decay is a random event and
A. is independent of other energy influences
C. can be sped up upon cooling
B. can be sped up upon heating
D. can be sped up at room temperature
Answer:
A. Is independent of other energy influences
Explanation:
Nuclear decay occurs at a constant rate. The rate of decay is independent of temperature.
B, C, and D are wrong. The decay rate cannot be sped up or slowed down at ordinary temperatures.
"The correct answer is C. can be sped up upon cooling.
Nuclear decay is a process that occurs when an atomic nucleus emits radiation in the form of particles or electromagnetic waves. This process is random and is not influenced by external factors such as temperature, pressure, or chemical state. The rate of decay of a radioactive substance is characterized by its half-life, which is the time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay.
The half-life is a fundamental property of a radioactive isotope and is not affected by external conditions. Therefore, the statements A, B, and D are incorrect:
A. Nuclear decay is independent of other energy influences, meaning that external energy sources or conditions do not affect the rate of decay.
B. Nuclear decay cannot be sped up upon heating. The decay rate is intrinsic to the isotope and does not change with temperature.
D. Nuclear decay cannot be sped up at room temperature. Room temperature does not have any significant effect on the decay rate.
C. However, it is worth noting that certain nuclear reactions, not the decay itself, can be influenced by temperature. For example, nuclear fusion reactions, which are different from decay processes, can be affected by temperature because they involve the combining of light atomic nuclei to form heavier ones, and higher temperatures can provide the necessary energy to overcome the repulsive forces between positively charged nuclei. In the context of nuclear decay, the statement ""can be sped up upon cooling"" is not accurate in the sense that cooling does not affect the decay rate. The decay rate remains constant regardless of temperature changes. Therefore, the correct statement should be that nuclear decay is independent of temperature changes, and none of the options provided accurately describe the influence of temperature on nuclear decay.
In summary, the decay of a radioactive nucleus is a random process with a constant probability per unit time, and the rate of decay is not affected by external conditions such as temperature. The correct answer to the question is that nuclear decay cannot be sped up or slowed down by any known external means, including heating, cooling, or maintaining the sample at room temperature."
I REALLY NEED HELP ON THIS! I DON’T CARE IF YOU USE THE INTERNET! I JUST NEED AN ANSWER! GRADE CARDS COME OUT TOMORROW!
What evidence did Wegner use to develop his hypothesis?
Similar ________ on different continents matching ____________ coastlines on different continents Similar ________________ on different continents
Answer:
Wegener discovered that the Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States, for instance, were geologically related to the Caledonian Mountains of Scotland. Pangaea existed about 240 million years ago. By about 200 million years ago, this supercontinent began breaking up
Answer:
What evidence did Wegner use to develop his hypothesis? = Alfred Wegener suggested that continental drift occurred as continents cut through the ocean floor, in the same way as this icebreaker plows through sea ice. Wegener put his idea and his evidence together in his book The Origin of Continents and Oceans, first published in 1915.
Continental drift describes one of the earliest ways geologists thought continents moved over time. Today, the theory of continental drift has been replaced by the science of plate tectonics.
The theory of continental drift is most associated with the scientist Alfred Wegener. In the early 20th century, Wegener published a paper explaining his theory that the continental landmasses were “drifting” across the Earth, sometimes plowing through oceans and into each other. He called this movement continental drift.
Pangaea
Wegener was convinced that all of Earth’s continents were once part of an enormous, single landmass called Pangaea.
Wegener, trained as an astronomer, used biology, botany, and geology describe Pangaea and continental drift. For example, fossils of the ancient reptile mesosaurus are only found in southern Africa and South America. Mesosaurus, a freshwater reptile only one meter (3.3 feet) long, could not have swum the Atlantic Ocean. The presence of mesosaurus suggests a single habitat with many lakes and rivers.
Wegener also studied plant fossils from the frigid Arctic archipelago of Svalbard, Norway. These plants were not the hardy specimens adapted to survive in the Arctic climate. These fossils were of tropical plants, which are adapted to a much warmer, more humid environment. The presence of these fossils suggests Svalbard once had a tropical climate.
Finally, Wegener studied the stratigraphy of different rocks and mountain ranges. The east coast of South America and the west coast of Africa seem to fit together like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle, and Wegener discovered their rock layers “fit” just as clearly. South America and Africa were not the only continents with similar geology. Wegener discovered that the Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States, for instance, were geologically related to the Caledonian Mountains of Scotland.
Pangaea existed about 240 million years ago. By about 200 million years ago, this supercontinent began breaking up. Over millions of years, Pangaea separated into pieces that moved away from one another. These pieces slowly assumed their positions as the continent we recognize today.
Today, scientists think that several supercontinents like Pangaea have formed and broken up over the course of the Earth’s lifespan. These include Pannotia, which formed about 600 million years ago, and Rodinia, which existed more than a billion years ago.
Tectonic Activity
Scientists did not accept Wegener’s theory of continental drift. One of the elements lacking in the theory was the mechanism for how it works—why did the continents drift and what patterns did they follow? Wegener suggested that perhaps the rotation of the Earth caused the continents to shift towards and apart from each other. (It doesn't.)
Today, we know that the continents rest on massive slabs of rock called tectonic plates. The plates are always moving and interacting in a process called plate tectonics.
The continents are still moving today. Some of the most dynamic sites of tectonic activity are seafloor spreading zones and giant rift valleys.
In the process of seafloor spreading, molten rock rises from within the Earth and adds new seafloor (oceanic crust) to the edges of the old. Seafloor spreading is most dynamic along giant underwater mountain ranges known as mid-ocean ridges. As the seafloor grows wider, the continents on opposite sides of the ridge move away from each other. The North American and Eurasian tectonic plates, for example, are separated by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The two continents are moving away from each other at the rate of about 2.5 centimeters (1 inch) per year.
Rift valleys are sites where a continental landmass is ripping itself apart. Africa, for example, will eventually split along the Great Rift Valley system. What is now a single continent will emerge as two—one on the African plate and the other on the smaller Somali plate. The new Somali continent will be mostly oceanic, with the Horn of Africa and Madagascar its largest landmasses.
The processes of seafloor spreading, rift valley formation, and subduction (where heavier tectonic plates sink beneath lighter ones) were not well-established until the 1960s. These processes were the main geologic forces behind what Wegener recognized as continental drift.