Answer:
Malonyl-CoA, a key intermediate in fatty acid synthesis, inhibits carnitine acyltransferase I, thereby blocking the entry of fatty acyl units into the mitochondrion for oxidation.
Fatty acyl-CoAs, the substrates for fatty acid oxidation, inhibit fatty acid synthesis by interfering with the polymerization of acetyl-CoA.
Hormonal effects on adipocytes are opposed; insulin promotes fatty acid synthesis by several mechanisms; while glucagon promotes fat breakdown and fatty acid oxidation
In the lab, metabolic poisons can be used to study ATP synthesis and oxygen consumption. Many of these poisons have – or have had – other uses, from diet aids to animal poisons to antibiotics.
Poison Action
oligomycin binds to F0 and blocks the proton channel
carbon monoxide inhibits cytochrome oxidase by reacting with heme a3
trifluorocarbonylcyanide-
phenylhydrazone (FCCP) increases membrane proton permeability
antimycin prevents electron flow between cytochrome b and
cytochrome c
bongkrekic acid binds to inward‑facing site of ATP‑ADP translocase
Classify the metabolic poisons as electron transport inhibitors, uncoupling agents, ATP synthase inhibitors, or transport inhibitors.
Answer:
Carbon monoxide and antimycin are classified as electron transport inhibitors, FCCP as uncoupling agent, oligomycin as ATP synthase inhibitors, and bongkrekic acid as transport inhibitor.
Explanation:
The electron transport inhibitors refers to the substances, which get combine with distinct constituents of the ETC and prevent the function of the carrier. These substances binds with the carrier and prevent its transformation, which eventually results in halting of the process. The most commonly known electron transport inhibitors are rotenone, carbon monoxide, antimycin, etc.
A molecule that prevents oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and prokaryotes, or photo-phosphorylation in cyanobacteria and chloroplasts by inhibiting the production of ATP is known as ATP synthase inhibitors. The most commonly known ATP synthase inhibitor is oligomycin.
Similarly to oligomycin, FCCP or trifluorocarbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone is a potent uncoupler or uncoupling agent that prevents the synthesis of ATP by enhancing membrane proton permeability.
Bongkrekic acid refers to a highly toxic transport inhibitor that prevents the ADP/ATP translocase by combining with the inward facing site of ATP-ADP translocase.
Final answer:
Metabolic poisons can be classified based on their actions. Oligomycin and carbon monoxide are ATP synthase inhibitors and electron transport inhibitors respectively. Trifluorocarbonylcyanide-phenylhydrazone (FCCP) is an uncoupling agent. Antimycin is an electron transport inhibitor and bongkrekic acid is a transport inhibitor.
Explanation:
Metabolic poisons can be classified into different categories based on their actions:
Oligomycin: ATP synthase inhibitor, as it binds to F0 and blocks the proton channelCarbon monoxide: Electron transport inhibitor, as it inhibits cytochrome oxidase by reacting with heme a3Trifluorocarbonylcyanide-phenylhydrazone (FCCP): Uncoupling agent, as it increases membrane proton permeabilityAntimycin: Electron transport inhibitor, as it prevents electron flow between cytochrome b and cytochrome cBongkrekic acid: Transport inhibitor, as it binds to the inward-facing site of ATP-ADP translocaseWhich of the following is the definition for specifiction
Answer:
an act of describing or identifying something precisely or of stating a precise requirement.
Explanation:
if you see something close to that then your good
good day and be safe
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⊕ΘΞΠΤ⊕
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Answer:
kinda like describing or identifying something
Explanation:
An example of a type of bacteria which is an autotroph is ________
Answer:
Algae
Explanation:
Explain how yeast makes dough rise
Answer:
The yeast metabolizes these simple sugars and exudes a liquid that releases carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol into existing air bubbles in the dough. As the sugars are metabolized, carbon dioxide and alcohol are released into the bread dough, making it rise.
i'm a baker :) i hope this helps
Explanation:
Yeast helps dough rise through alcoholic fermentation, wherein it metabolizes carbohydrates to produce carbon dioxide.
Yeast is a crucial ingredient in bread making that helps dough to rise. Specifically, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a type of yeast, metabolizes the carbohydrates in flour.
This metabolic process, known as alcoholic fermentation, yields two products: ethanol and carbon dioxide (CO₂). The carbon dioxide gas gets trapped in the dough, forming bubbles that expand during the rising process.
As a result, the dough rises and exhibits a spongy structure due to these gas bubbles.
Which of the following is an advantage of conservation?
A. Animals are overhunted.
B. Extinct organisms come back to life.
C. Limited resources are used wisely.
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D. More resources are used.
describe how the host is damaged by the parasite
Answer:
A parasite is an organism that lives within or on a host. The host is another organism. The parasite uses the host's resources to fuel its life cycle. It uses the host's resources to maintain itself.
Explanation:
Which material has the highest thermal conductivity? Which material has the highest electrical conductivity? Explain why thermal and electrical conductivity is so high with this material.
I'm a tad bit late, but here's this.
Copper has the highest thermal conductivity AND highest electrical conductivity. Why? Well, copper has a high heat tolerance(hence it building heat up faster) and has "free" electrons which contributes to being able to have a high heat AND electrical conductivity at the same time.
hope this helps, if you use this, please reword it(paraphrase)~
silver has the highest thermal conductivity and copper highest electrical conductivity.
What is Thermal Conductivity?Thermal conductivity is the ability of a material to transfer heat, it is represented by the symbol ‘k’ , can also denote by ‘λ’ and ‘κ’.
The reciprocal of thermal conductivity is thermal resistivity and the Materials with high thermal conductivity used in heat sinks while materials with low thermal conductivity are used as thermal insulators.
Thermal conduction is described by Fourier’s law of thermal conduction or law of heat conduction which states that the rate of heat transfer through a material is proportional to the negative of the temperature gradient.
copper has a high tolerance to heat and has free electrons which contributes to have a high heat and electrical conductivity at the same time.
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List five words or terms you associate with mental health by typing one word or phrase at a time and pressing enter.
Answer:
nervous breakdown.
Depression
Madness
Insanity
Attitude
Explanation:
Mental health refers to a state of well-being. This state depends on different factors which include physical health, intellectual health, self-care, gratitude aptitude, sociability, and biological factors.
Mental health is a well-being state. This state is fundamental at all stages of life, from childhood adolescence to adulthood.
Mental health include:
Physical health. People with physical difficulties may be at risk of developing poor mental health.Intellectual health. In a similar manner to physical health, people with intellectual problems (e.g., behavior disorders) may also be at risk of developing chronic mental difficulties.Self-care. Mental self-care includes all activities that help to stay mentally healthy.Sociability. Social isolation is a trigger for mental illness.Gratitude aptitude. It is imperative to make an effort to say 'thank you' to other persons, this aptitude enhances mental health.Biological factors. It is well known that different biological factors such as gene expression and the presence of neurotransmitters in the brain at low/high levels, can affect mental health.In conclusion, mental health depends on different factors such as physical health, intellectual health, self-care, gratitude aptitude, sociability, and biological factors.
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A group of scientists is studying a protist species.
The species is currently classified in the phylum Chrysophyta because of its physical characteristics. However, after the scientists analyze the species' DNA, they discover that the DNA is most similar to protists in the phylum Phaeophyta.
What will the scientists most likely do next?
Answer:
Do further testing on the species to discover whether or not the species is related.
Explanation:
Answer:
They will reclassify the species in the phylum Phaeophyta.
Explanation:
according to study island
The blank is the pathway of the cell
Answer: Endoplasmic Reticulum
Explanation: The Endoplasmic reticulum is called the 'Highway or the Pathway of the cell'. It transports the waste, the enzymes and all the other substances inside or outside the cell. There are 2 types of Endoplasmic reticulum; Smooth and rough ER. There functions are as follows:-
Smooth ER - It has lipids in the form of fats and no ribosomes
Rough ER - It has ribosomes i.e. proteins . It detoxifies the toxins.
Final answer:
In biology, 'pathway' often refers to structures such as plasmodesmata in plant cells or a series of biochemical reactions. Plasmodesmata provide a channel for intercellular communication, facilitating the symplastic pathway for substance movement. Pathways also represent the process of cellular development and signal transmission within organisms.
Explanation:
The 'pathway' mentioned in the question can refer to various processes or structures within a cell that enable substances to move from one part to another or enable a series of biological reactions. In the context provided, the term 'pathway' seems to be specifically referring to 'plasmodesmata', which are channels between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells that allow for the passage of materials from one cell's cytoplasm to another. Additionally, a pathway can refer to a biological pathway, which is a series of biochemical reactions that produce a specific product or bring about a change in a cell, like the transmission of signals or regulation of gene expression.
Plasmodesmata are essential for the 'symplastic pathway', one of the two means of intercellular communication in plant cells, the other being the apoplastic pathway. The symplastic pathway involves the movement of water and solutes across the cytoplasm of plant cells through plasmodesmata, while the apoplastic pathway involves movement through the cell walls and spaces between cells.
The description also touches on cellular development, such as the developmental pathway that illustrates how the 556 cells of C. elegans larvae originate from a single zygote, highlighting cell division and programmed cell death (apoptosis).
A scientist has discovered a new plant species in the Amazon rainforest. She tells her fellow scientists that the plant she has
found produces a cone. What might they say about how this plant is different from an angiosperm?
Its seeds have one or two cotyledons.
Its stems' vascular bundles are scattered.
It does not depend on insect pollination.
It is a seeded vascular plant.
Based on the features of the plant, the plant is different from angiospe rms in that it does not depend on insect pollination.
What are gymnospe rms?Gymnospe rms are plants with nak-ed seeds which so not bear flowers.
They are true plants with a vascular system.
Their seeds are borne on special features called comes.
Therefore, the plant is different from angiospe rms in that it does not depend on insect pollination.
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2. Is Ellie correct in thinking that TSH is a thyroid hormone? Why is her TSH level low instead of high?
Answer: Ellie is incorrect in thinking TSH is a thyroid hormone. TSH is a pituitary hormone. TSH is the hormone that tells the thyroid to either create more or less of T3 and T4. Ellie’s TSH islow because the hypothalamus is telling the pituitary gland to release lower levels of TSH because the thyroid is pumping out to high of levels of T3 and T4.
Explanation:
Final answer:
Ellie is incorrect because TSH is produced by the anterior pituitary gland, not the thyroid. A low TSH level can lead to a reduced metabolic rate, causing symptoms like weight gain and fatigue. TSH levels are controlled by a negative feedback system involving thyroid hormones T3 and T4.
Explanation:
Ellie is mistaken in thinking that TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) is a thyroid hormone. TSH is actually produced by the anterior pituitary gland and plays a crucial role in regulating the secretion of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) by the thyroid gland. The thyroid hormones are the ones that are produced by the thyroid gland, not TSH itself.
When there is a deficiency in TSH, it suggests that there is insufficient stimulation for the thyroid gland to produce the thyroid hormones necessary for maintaining a normal metabolic rate. A low metabolic rate can lead to symptoms such as weight gain and fatigue, which are commonly observed in hypothyroidism.
The levels of TSH are regulated through a negative feedback system.
If there's an overproduction of thyroid hormones (as seen in hyperthyroidism), the high levels of T3 and T4 will suppress the release of TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) from the hypothalamus and TSH from the anterior pituitary gland to reduce thyroid hormone production, hence maintaining homeostasis.
Which Punnet square would have 50% of the offspring be heterozygous and 50% of the offspring be homozygous recessive?
A)
B)
C)
D)
Answer:
Punnet square C
Explanation:
It would be DD, DD, dD, and dD, amking it a 50% chance
When using a pie cut, which of the following would be true of the blemish?
It would be only a crack.
It would be only in the bark of the tree.
It would be near the surface of one side.
It would have come from termite damage.
Answer:
it would be near the surface of one side
which sends information from other parts of the body All the way to the brain?
Answer:
nervous system.
Explanation:
The nervous system works to send signals throughout the body.
Assume that for a given gene a mutation creates an allele that functions as a dominant negative. The gene codes for a protein that forms a tetramer (4) within the cell. If at least one of the subunits has the mutant structure the entire protein is inactivated. For a heterozygous individual, what percent of the tretramers present in the cell will be inactive?
Answer: 100%
Explanation:
if the mutation presents autosomal dominant inheritance, each affected individual will show 100% alteration in the protein, thus , being dominant, it is considered that the disease pattern will predominate even if it has genes that do not express it since these will be recessive and canceled by the dominant ones.
Explain how animal like plant like are similar and different
Answer: The main way animal-like protists differ from plant-like protists is in the way they get energy. Animal-like protists are heterotrophs. ... Plant-like protists, on the other hand, are autotrophs. They can make their own energy from the sun or other sources just as plants can.
Explanation:
Answer:
Animal-like protists and plant-like protists are both eukaryotic and live in moist environments. All animal-like protists are heterotrophic and eat other organisms. Most plant-like protists are autotrophic. Some can be both autotrophic and heterotrophic, while a few are completely heterotrophic. All animal-like protists are unicellular, while plant-like protists can be unicellular, multicellular, or live in colonies. Most animal-like protists can move, while only some plant-like protists can move.
Explanation:
correct on edge and sample exp<3
Fungi, like plants, respond to stimuli from the environment. Some of their responses to environmental stimuli are the same and some are different.
How do fungi respond to environmental stimuli? Choose ALL of the statements that apply.
Fungi, like plants, respond to light.
Both fungi and plants respond to touch.
Fungi, do not respond to light because they are not autotrophs.
Fungi hyphae grow toward water.
Both plants and fungi grow against gravity
Final answer:
Fungi respond to light, touch, water presence, and gravity, showcasing their adaptability to environmental conditions. Although they do not perform photosynthesis, their responses to environmental stimuli ensure survival and growth in diverse habitats.
Explanation:
How fungi respond to environmental stimuli is a fascinating aspect of their biology, showing both similarities and differences with plants. Here are the accurate statements about fungi's response to environmental stimuli:
Fungi, like plants, respond to light.Both fungi and plants respond to touch.Fungi hyphae grow toward water.Both plants and fungi grow against gravity.Contrary to a common misconception, fungi do respond to light, even though they are not autotrophs. This phototropic response does not stem from a need to photosynthesize but may influence the direction of growth or the development of fruiting bodies. Similarly, fungi exhibit hydrotropism, where their hyphae grow towards sources of water, and they can respond to touch and gravity, demonstrating a complex interaction with their environment. Unlike plants, fungi do not carry out photosynthesis because they lack chlorophyll; they obtain nutrients through heterotrophic means, absorbing organic compounds from their surroundings.
The Black Albatross and the smaller Grey Albatross are closely related species that nest on sandstone cliffs in Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic islands. Like the Black Albatross, the Grey Albatross builds nests on the cliffs. Building nests on the cliffs helps to protect the young from generalist predators such as the Brown Skua and feral cats. However, unlike Black Albatross, Grey Albatross need to spend the winter wandering the ocean further to the north where the temperatures are warmer. Black Albatross are able to survive the colder southern winters because of their larger body size and greater insulation. From these observations, we can conclude that: a) The Black Albatross is more at risk of extinction due to competition for biotic resources with humans.b) The distributions of the two albatross species are limited by some shared and some different biotic factors.c) The distributions of both albatross species are limited by the same biotic factors but their distributions are limited by different abiotic factors.d) The distributions of both albatross species are limited by the same abiotic factors but their distributions are limited by different biotic factors.e) The Black Albatross and the Grey Albatross are actually two populations of the same species.
Answer:
The correct answer is c) The distributions of both albatross species are limited by the same biotic factors but their distributions are limited by different abiotic factors
Explanation:
Both of the species are limited in their nesting sites by predators, which represent the limiting biotic factors. They need to nest on the cliffs to avoid predators' access to their calves and in that way, they can ensure reproductive success.
Temperature is the limiting abiotic factor. Grey Albatross need to spend the winter in areas where the temperatures are warmer, while the Black Albatross are able to survive the colder southern winters.
Outline one cost and one benefit of living in a group.
Answer:
Cost: competition for mates, competition for resources
Benefit: better protection from predators (ex. a fish in a school of fish has greater chances of not getting eaten because of the large number of other fish)
g Assume that for a given gene a mutation creates an allele that functions as a dominant negative. The gene codes for a protein that forms a tetramer (4) within the cell. If at least one of the subunits has the mutant structure the entire protein is inactivated. For a heterozygous individual, what percent of the tretramers present in the cell will be inactive?
Answer:
At least 50% of the tetramers will be inactive for this individual
Explanation:
A protein resulting from a mutation that is dominant negative will have an detrimental impact on the wild-type protein as well. Especially if the mutated protein can interact with the same substances as the normal, wild-type protein.
For an individual who is heterozygous, there will be one wild-type copy and one mutant copy of the allele present. For each copy, a protein will be expressed and the tetramers from the mutant copy will be defective - so 50% of the protein tetramers will be inactive at least.
Hope that answers the question, have a great day!
which layer of the sun is hottest
Answer:
the core
Explanation:
Final answer:
The core of the Sun is the hottest layer with temperatures around 15 million degrees Celsius, generated by nuclear fusion.
Explanation:
The hottest layer of the Sun is its core, where temperatures reach about 15 million degrees Celsius. This intense heat is generated by nuclear fusion where hydrogen nuclei collide and fuse to form helium, releasing enormous amounts of energy. Although the outermost layer of the Sun's atmosphere, the corona, is also very hot, with temperatures ranging from 2 to 5 million degrees Celsius, it is still cooler than the core. Understanding the Sun's structure reveals that it consists of several layers, each playing a significant role in the solar dynamics. The convective zone, beneath the photosphere, is where hot plasma rises, cools, and then sinks, creating a cycle of energy transfer.
Chapter 23 Cancer GeneticsCOMPREHENSION QUESTIONS True/False1. Most cancers arise from defects in DNA. 2. The presence of a single mutated gene is sufficient for retinoblastoma cancer to develop. 3. miRNAs play a critical role in initiating tumor development. 4. A single gene mutation may predispose a person to developing cancer. 5. Overactive telomerase enzyme deletes the ends of chromosomes and can cause cancer. 6. Relatively few people inherit all of the genetic changes that cause cancer. 7. Proto-oncogenes do not cause cancer. 8. Most tumors arise from germ-line mutations that accumulate during our life span. 9. Xeroderma pigmentosum includes predisposition to cancer due to defects in a specific DNA repair system.
Answer:
Explanation:
1. Most cancers arise from defects in DNA. True defects in the DNA including mutations can lead to cancer.
2. The presence of a single mutated gene is sufficient for retinoblastoma cancer to develop. False: the presence one mutant copy of the gene of RB1 is not sufficient enough to cause cancer
3. miRNAs play a critical role in initiating tumor development. True: MiRNAs may function as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors under certain conditions. They have been shown as biomarkers for human cancer diagnosis.
4. A single gene mutation may predispose a person to developing cancer. False: many mutations in the cells coupled with other risk factors may predispose a person to developing cancer
5. Overactive telomerase enzyme deletes the ends of chromosomes and can cause cancer. False: Instead the enzyme just keeps adding more and more repeats to the telomereres and the cancer cell can keep dividing without losing DNA and genes at the ends of the chromosomes
6. Relatively few people inherit all of the genetic changes that cause cancer: True: there are some genetic changes that are not inherited but acquired.
7. Proto-oncogenes do not cause cancer. True: they do not cause cancer but a mutation in them might lead to the activation of oncogenes that causes cancer.
8. Most tumors arise from germ-line mutations that accumulate during our life span. False: most common cancers are as a result of somatic or acquired mutation that have accumulated during our life span. Germline mutations are hereditary
9. Xeroderma pigmentosum includes predisposition to cancer due to defects in a specific DNA repair system.
True: a defect in the DNA repair system paritcularly in enzymes invloved in this repair
A dwarf planet is a
Answer:
a celestial body that (a) is in orbit around the Sun, (b) has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly round) shape,2 (c) has not cleared the neighbourhood around its orbit, and (d) is not a satellite.
Answer:
planet that is smaller than a planet but larger than an asteroid, like the death star
Explanation:
Evidence of what feature is found in South Africa, despite South Africa's relatively mild climate?
mountains
glaciers
coal fields
tropical plant fossils
Answer:
glacier
Explanation:
i got it right trust me
Answer:
B.) Glaciers
Explanation:
A box of jello has a mass of 250 g. How many boxes must be bought to have 1 Kg of jello? *
2
3
4
6
Answer:
4
Explanation:
According to the question, one box of jello has a mass of 250grams.
The question wants us to find how many boxes of jello would collectively weigh 1kg.
Since the units of weight here are in grams (g) and kilograms (kg), we need to convert to the same unit
1kilogram (kg) is equal to 100 grams (g).
Hence, if 1 box of jello weighs 250g
1000g of jello box will be 1000/250 in number
1000 ÷ 250 = 4.
Hence, 4 boxes of jello will weigh 1000g or 1kg.
Which of the following are not eukaryotes? Fungi, plants, animals, bacteria
Answer:
D) bacteria
Explanation:
Cell structure is the main characteristic distinguishing bacterial cells from eukaryotic ones. Earth is home to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus that houses their genetic material, while prokaryotic cells do not possess a nucleus and have free-floating genetic material.
The main distinction between the two cell types is this: Many single-celled organisms, known as prokaryotes, call bacteria and archaea home. Prokaryotic cells are the oldest, smallest, and most fundamental components of all forms of life. From plants and animals to fungi and protists, every living thing in the eukaryotic domain has complex eukaryotic cells that are physically similar to every other eukaryotic species.
Question 3 (1 point)
Organisms, such as plants, that make their own food are called
a
b
autotrophs.
heterotrophs.
thylakoids.
pigments.
a
Answer:
Autotrophs
Explanation:
because it is the good answer
Which of these is an effect of nonpoint-source pollution on agricultural land?
Answer:
Answer choices ?..
Consider the following statements:
1. Mutations always have a negative effect on an individual.
2. Mutations can have a positive effect on the individual.
3. Mutations can have no effect on an individual.
4. Mutations can have a negative effect on an individual.
Which of the statements above is/are TRUE?
1 and 3 only
2.3 and 4 only
1,2,3 and 4
1 only
Answer:
2.3 and 4 only
Explanation:
Mutation is an alteration in the gene of an organism, which can cause some physiological and physical changes in the organism.
Mutation can have a favorable positive effect on an individual (e.g increasing microorganisms resistance to antibiotics) increasing its chances of adaptability and survivability, it can have a negative effect on the individual (e.g cancerous cells) which can reduce its survivability, and can have no effect at all on the individual (e.g having eyes with 2 different colors).