Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy, making the reaction faster. They bind to reactants, presenting them in a manner that speeds up the bond breaking/formation. Enzymes don’t change the free energy; they only reduce the activation energy.
Explanation:Enzymes work by lowering the activation energy of a chemical reaction, thus speeding up the reaction rate. Enzymes accomplish this by binding to the reactant molecules and positioning them in a manner that facilitates the bond-breaking and bond-forming processes more readily. They essentially act as catalysts within a cell.
The enzyme contains an active site that provides a unique chemical environment made up of amino acid R groups. This active site is perfectly suited to convert particular chemical reactants known as substrates into unstable intermediates called transition states. The binding of enzymes and substrates follow an induced-fit model, where the enzyme undergoes slight adjustments upon substrate contact, resulting in full, optimal binding.
Contrary to some misconceptions, enzymes don't alter the free energy of the reactants or the products. They only reduce the activation energy required for the reaction to proceed. After the reaction, the enzyme itself does not undergo any change and can participate in other reactions.
Learn more about Enzymes here:https://brainly.com/question/31561117
#SPJ6
What observations can be made with electron microscopes that could be made before?
If the actual yield of the reaction was 75% instead of 100%, how many molecules of no would be present after the reaction was over? express your answer as an integer.
The reaction will be
2NO + O2 ---< 2NO2
so as per balanced equation two moles of NO will react with one mole of O2 to give two moles of NO2
In this particular question, 5 molecules of O2 and 8 molecules of NO are present
so the limiting reagent is NO
now the 8 molecules of NO should react with 4 molecules of O2 for 100% yield
As the mentioned yield is 75% only, it means only 75% of NO molecules will react
75% of 8 = 6
So six molecules of NO will react with 3 molecules of O2 to give 75% yield
so after reaction we will be left with 2 molecules of NO
what would dissolved the best in oil a. sugar b. salt c. water d. grease
Answer:
grease
on apex
Explanation:
Salt is the proper response to this query. The greatest option for emulsifying in oil is salt because of its molecular makeup. Sodium and chloride are the two components that make up salt molecules.
What kind of n molecule is sodium ?The molecule's sodium component is hydrophilic, attracted to water, and its chloride component is hydrophobic, repelling it. Due to the hydrophobic portion of the molecule's unusual structure, which is attracted to the oil while the hydrophilic portion is repelled by it, salt can dissolve in oil.
In contrast, the atoms that make up sugar molecules are carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. All of these atoms are hydrophilic, which means they are drawn to water. Because the hydrophilic atoms are rejected, sugar molecules won't dissolve in oil as a result.with the oil. In addition, non-polar molecules make up both water and grease.
Since non-polar molecules do not attract water or oil, neither will dissolve them. Therefore, due to its distinct molecular structure, salt is the greatest option for dissolving in oil.
Learn more about oil at:
https://brainly.com/question/30711047
#SPJ3
Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na) and Potassium (K) are all in the same
(A)Period
(B)Row
(C)Group
Answer:
It would be B) 1.
Explanation:
C-12, c-13, and c-14 have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons so they are
A change that occurs when a solid melts or a liquid freezes is an example of a _____ change.
A. chemical
B. phase
C. oxidation
D. molecular
Your observations should have revealed at least one difference in the properties of the sodium benzoate and the benzoic acid. what property was it and what observation revealed the difference?
The benzoic acid is different from sodium benzoate, the main reason is because of their water solubility. Don't know what you observed, but if you looked at the pH of the solution when you dumped them in water, they would have very different pHs. A benzoic acid isn't soluble in water but one (sodium benzoate) would be soluble in water.
What is the difference between chemical properties and physical properties kid?
Chemical properties describe how a substance can change into different substances during a chemical reaction, while physical properties can be measured without changing the substance's chemical identity.
Explanation:Chemical properties describe a substance's capacity to undergo certain chemical transformations that result in different substances. These properties, such as flammability and reactivity with water, are only observed when a substance undergoes a chemical change. On the other hand, physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the chemical identity of the substance. These include properties like mass, color, volume, and density. For instance, pure copper has the physical property of being a reddish-brown solid, whereas its ability to dissolve in dilute nitric acid to produce a blue solution and a brown gas is a chemical property.
When is there no solution to a compound inequality?
The equation below represents the overall cell reaction for an electrochemical cell that undergoes a spontaneous reaction. Fe(s) + Pb2+(aq) mc011-1.jpg Fe2+(aq) + Pb(s) Emc011-2.jpgcell = –0.31 V Which reaction is the spontaneous reduction reaction? Fe(s) mc011-3.jpg Fe2+(aq) + 2e– Emc011-4.jpg = –0.44 V Fe(s) mc011-5.jpg Fe2+(aq) + 2e– Emc011-6.jpg = +0.44 V Pb2+(aq) + 2e– mc011-7.jpg Pb(s) Emc011-8.jpg = –0.13 V Pb2+(aq) + 2e– mc011-9.jpg Pb(s) Emc011-10.jpg = +0.13 V
Answer:
Pb2+(aq) + 2e– ------------>Pb(s) = –0.13 V
Explanation:
Given the question asked, we have to examine the reduction potentials of Fe2+ and Pb2+.
Fe2+= -0.44V
Pb2+= -0.13V
Recall that the moire negative the reduction potential of a species, the less likely it is to participate in spontaneous reduction reactions.
From the data before us, Pb2+ will undergo a spontaneous reduction reaction as shown in the answer.
The atomic particles responsible for forming bonds with other atoms are
Final answer:
The electrons in the valence shell of an atom are responsible for forming chemical bonds with other atoms through processes such as accepting, donating, or sharing electrons, leading to ionic or covalent bonds.
Explanation:
The atomic particles responsible for forming bonds with other atoms are the electrons located in the atom's outermost electron shell, known as the valence shell. Atoms seek stability by having a full valence shell, which generally means having eight electrons, although hydrogen is stable with two. To achieve this stability, atoms will tend to accept, donate, or share electrons in chemical bonds.
Ionic bonds arise when atoms transfer electrons, leading to the formation of positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions), which attract each other. In contrast, covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, resulting in molecules that are electrically neutral overall or have a slight charge distribution in the case of polar covalent bonds. Additionally, molecules can form hydrogen bonds, where hydrogen atoms in polar covalent bonds are attracted to electronegative regions of other molecules.
When a substance goes directly from solid state to a gaseous state as dry ice does?
A substance that goes from solid state to a gaseous state as dry ice does is said to have sublimed.
What is sublimation?It is a process where substances transition from solid states to gaseous states without having to pass through the liquid state.
Most substances change from solid to liquid before transitioning to the gaseous state. The change from one state to another requires energy.
However, substances like iodine move straight from being a solid to being a gas. The reverse is also the case. They move straight from the gaseous state to the solid state without passing through the liquid state.
More on sublimation can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/10936758
#SPJ2
Final answer:
Sublimation is the process where a substance like dry ice goes from solid to gas without passing through the liquid state. Deposition is the opposite, where gas becomes solid directly. Dry ice sublimation is commercially important for refrigeration and shipping perishable items.
Explanation:
Sublimation and Deposition-
When a substance such as dry ice transitions directly from a solid state to a gaseous state, this process is called sublimation. This endothermic phase transition occurs under certain conditions, bypassing the liquid phase entirely. For instance, at room temperature and standard pressure, dry ice, which is solid carbon dioxide (CO₂), undergoes sublimation, seeming to vanish as it turns into a gas without liquefying. In contrast, the reverse process where gas becomes solid without becoming liquid first is known as deposition, exemplified by frost forming on cold surfaces.
A familiar occurrence of sublimation involves dry ice used as a refrigerant because it's cold and transitions to gas without messy liquids, making it ideal for shipping perishable items. Natural examples include snow and ice, which can slowly sublime under low temperatures, especially with contributing factors like wind and reduced atmospheric pressure at higher altitudes. Another vivid example is solid iodine that, when warmed, sublimes to form a purple vapor.
Spring tides occurred at two of the times shown.Which two? How do you know?
In a nucleotide, we find which other biomolecule(s) making up a piece of the nucleotide itself?
What mass of ammonium chloride should be added to 2.45 l of a 0.165 m nh3 in order to obtain a buffer with a ph of 9.50?
To create a buffer with a pH of 9.50 using 2.45 L of 0.165 M [tex]NH_3[/tex], approximately 38.5 grams of ammonium chloride must be added, as calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and considering the molar mass of [tex]NH_4Cl[/tex].
To calculate the mass of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) needed for a buffer solution with a desired pH, we use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation: pH = pKa + log([Base]/[Acid]). Ammonium chloride, when dissolved, provides the ammonium ion ([tex]NH_4^+[/tex]), which acts as the acid in this buffer system, whereas ammonia ([tex]NH_3[/tex]) acts as the base.
First, we need to find the pKa of [tex]NH_3[/tex], which is the negative logarithm of the dissociation constant (Ka) of its conjugate acid, [tex]NH_4^+[/tex]. If the pKa of [tex]NH_3[/tex] is 9.25, then using the desired pH of 9.50, we can set up the equation as follows:
[tex]pH = 9.25 + log(\frac{[NH_3]}{[NH_4^+]})[/tex]
[tex]9.50 = 9.25 + log(\frac{[0.165 M]}{[NH_4^+]})[/tex]
Solving for [[tex]NH_4^+[/tex]], we find that:
[tex]log(\frac{[NH_4^+]}{0.165}) = 9.50 - 9.25[/tex]
[tex]log(\frac{[NH4+]}{0.165}) = 0.25[/tex]
[tex][NH_4^+] = 10^{0.25} [NH_4^+] = 1.778 \frac{[NH4+]}{0.165} = 1.778[/tex]
[tex][NH_4^+] = 0.293 M[/tex]
Now, to find the mass of NH4Cl required, we use the formula:
mass = molarity volume molar mass
mass = (0.293 M) (2.45 L) (53.491 g/mol)
mass = 38.511 g (rounded to three significant figures)
Therefore, to prepare a buffer solution with a pH of 9.50 using a 2.45 L solution of 0.165 M [tex]NH_3[/tex], you must add approximately 38.5 grams of [tex]NH_4Cl[/tex].
Why do electrons occupy equal energy orbitals singly before beginning to pair up?
Because, electrons are negatively charged and, as a result, they repel each other. Electrons tend to minimize repulsion by occupying their own orbital, rather than sharing an orbital with another electron.
The first rule states that before pairing up, electrons will always occupy an empty orbital. Because they are negatively charged, electrons repel one another. By filling their own orbital rather than sharing one with another electron, electrons tend to reduce repulsion. The electrons in singly occupied orbitals are also less effectively screened or insulated from the nucleus, according to quantum-mechanical calculations.
Unpaired electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spins according to the second rule. Electrons collide less frequently if they are all orbiting in the same direction than if some of them are doing so. The latter scenario results in the separation of electrons as the repulsive force grows. As a result, aligned spins have less energy.
Because, electrons are negatively charged and, as a result, they repel each other. Electrons tend to minimize repulsion by occupying their own orbital, rather than sharing an orbital with another electron.
Learn more about the electrons here:
https://brainly.com/question/12001116.
#SPJ12
Final answer:
Electrons occupy equal energy orbitals singly before pairing up to minimize repulsion and conserve energy, following Hund's Rule. This is energetically more favorable due to the pairing energy required for electrons to share the same orbital.
Explanation:
The reason electrons occupy equal energy orbitals singly before beginning to pair up is due to an atomic rule known as Hund's Rule. This rule states that electrons will fill each degenerate orbital singly to maximize the number of unpaired electrons, which results in a lower energy state for the atom. This behavior is similar to how magnets behave; negatively charged electrons repel each other and try to stay as far apart as possible. This phenomenon is due to the pairing energy (P), which is the energy required to pair two electrons in a single orbital. Since electrons repel each other, it takes energy to overcome their repulsion and pair them up.
When filling up d orbitals or any set of degenerate orbitals, electrons will occupy each orbital singly before they start to pair. This minimizes repulsion between the electrons, which in turn conserves the energy that would otherwise be needed for two electrons to share the same orbital space. The tendency of an atom is to maintain the lowest energy level, which is why this filling process occurs. Additionally, the relative magnitudes of the pairing energy and the ligand field splitting energy (Aoct) determine the exact distribution of electrons in the orbitals.
What does the state symbol aq mean when written after a chemical compound in a chemical equation?
Answer:
Explanation:
the compound is dissolved in water
describe a physical change in which a substance appears to change chemically
Mass is constant regardless of an object’s location, but the weight of the object depends upon
Arsenic reacts with chlorine to form a chloride if 1.587 g of arsenic reacts with 3.755 g of chlorine what is the simplest formula of the chloride
Final answer:
To determine the simplest formula of a chloride formed from arsenic and chlorine, calculate the moles of each element, find the ratio, and simplify to obtain the formula AsCl3.
Explanation:
The simplest formula of the chloride is AsCl3. To determine this, we need to find the mole ratio between arsenic and chlorine. First, calculate the moles of each element using their respective molar masses:
Arsenic: 1.587 g / atomic mass of As
Chlorine: 3.755 g / atomic mass of Cl
Then, find the ratio of moles and simplify to obtain the simplest whole-number ratio, which in this case is AsCl3.
The combustion of propane (c3h8) produces co2 and h2o: c3h8 (g) + 5o2 (g) → 3co2 (g) + 4h2o (g) the reaction of 2.5 mol of o2 with 4.6 mol of c3h8 will produce ________ mol of h2o.
Answer:
2mol of [tex]\rm O_2[/tex] with 4.6 mol [tex]\rm C_3H_8[/tex] will produce 2mol [tex]\rm H_2O[/tex].
Explanation:
The given information is:
[tex]\rm \mathbf{C_3H_8+5O_2\rightarrow3CO_2+4H_2O}[/tex]
2mol of [tex]\rm O_2[/tex] with 4.6 mol of [tex]\rm C_3H_8[/tex] will produce.....mol of [tex]\rm H_2O[/tex]
As we can see hear, 5mol of [tex]\rm O_2[/tex] produce 4 mols of [tex]\rm H_2O[/tex]
Hence, According to the given equation above,
Mols of [tex]\rm\mathbf{ H_2O}[/tex] produced will be,
[tex]\rm 5molO_2\times\frac{4molH_2O}{5molO_2}[/tex]
[tex]\rm 2.5\times\frac{4}{5}=2molH_2O[/tex]
For more details, you can refer to the link:
https://brainly.com/question/3215608?referrer=searchResults
moving left to right across a row of the periodic table, which of the following values increases by exactly one from element to element?
a. isotope number
b. atomic number
c. atomic mass unit
d. mass number
Moving left to right across a row of the periodic table, [tex]\boxed{{\text{b}}{\text{. atomic number}}}[/tex] increases by exactly one from element to element
Further Explanation:
Periodic table:
A systematic arrangement of elements in various rows and columns is known as a periodic table. Here, elements are arranged in increasing order of their respective atomic numbers so that elements with the same chemical and physical properties lie in the same group. Horizontal rows are called periods and vertical columns are called groups. There are 18 groups and 7 periods in a periodic table.
Elements are further classified as metals, non-metals, and metalloids in the periodic table. The elements placed at the left side of the table are called metals and the elements placed at the right of the table are called non-metals. Metalloids are the elements kept between metals and non-metals.
Atomic number is equal to the number of protons present in the nucleus of the atom. In the periodic table, elements are arranged in the increasing order of their atomic numbers so the atomic number increases by exact one unit while moving from left to right in a row.
Atomic mass is the total number of nucleons (protons and neutrons) within the atomic nucleus. It is also known as the mass number. Boron and carbon lie in the same period of the periodic table. Carbon is present to the right of boron. But the mass number of B is 10.8 g while that of C is 12 g. So the mass number does not increase by exactly one unit while moving from left to right in a row.
Atomic mass unit (AMU) is defined as 1/12th mass of a carbon-12 atom. It is used to indicate relative masses of various isotopes. It also does not increase by one unit from left to right in a row.
Atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but different mass numbers are called isotopes. These have the same number of protons but the number of neutrons is different. Isotope number is calculated by the subtraction of number of neutrons and number of protons. It is dependent on both the atomic number and the mass number. As the mass number does not increase by one unit from left to right, isotope number cannot increase by exactly one unit in a row.
Therefore option b is the correct answer.
Learn more:
1. Which ion was formed by providing the second ionization energy? https://brainly.com/question/1398705
2. Write a chemical equation representing the first ionization energy for lithium: https://brainly.com/question/5880605
Answer details:
Grade: High School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Periodic classification of elements
Keywords: periodic table, systematic arrangement, elements, groups, periods, atomic number, isotope number, atomic mass unit, mass number, carbon-12, 12 g, neutrons, protons, nucleons, atomic mass.
A blacksmith melts and shapes a block of iron into a blade. She then sets the blade, whose edges are molten, outside, where it is raining slightly. The blade's outer edges both solidify and then rust. Which of the following has happened to the iron throughout the day? a. The iron has undergone a physical change only. b. The iron has undergone a chemical change only. c. The iron has undergone both a physical and chemical change. d. The iron has not undergone any changes.
Answer:
The correct answer is option c.
Explanation:
A physical change is defined as a change in shape, size takes place. No new substance gets formed in these reactions.
Solid iron block → liquid iron
Liquid iron → solid blade shaped iron
Here, iron in first melted and then set into a shape of blade. Hence, physical change.
A chemical change is defined as a change in chemical composition takes place. A new substance is formed in these reactions.
Here, rusting of iron is chemical change:
[tex]Fe(s)+O_2(g)\righarrow Fe_2O_3(s)[/tex]
Throughout the entire process blacksmith has changed the iron block physically by changing its size and shape. And due to action of raining in the edges of the blade rusting of an iron also took place which was a chemical change.
What properties are those that describe what happens when a substance reacts with another substance? catalyst properties chemical properties physical properties mineral properties?
Answer:
Chemical properties,
Explanation:
Let us understand all the given terms
a) catalyst properties: this is the property of a substance by virtue of which it helps to modulate the rate of reaction, and itself remains unconsumed during the reaction (does not react). Example : enzymes
b) chemical properties: this is the property of a substance by virtue of which it reacts with another substance to give a new product of different structure, bonding, chemical and physical properties.
Example : hydrogen reacts with oxygen to give water.
So here the hydrogen is undergoing reaction with oxygen and this is chemical property of hydrogen.
c) Physical properties: This is the property which is related to the nature of a substance to exit in nature. for example hydrogen is a gas is its physical property not chemical.
d) mineral properties: It is again a kind of physical property.
Which monatomic ions would you expect radium (z = 88) and selenium (z = 34) to form?
1) Radium will form Ra²⁺ ions, because it is metal with two valence electrons (7s²) and it will lost two electrons to have electric configuration like noble gas radon (Z=86).
Electroic configuration of radium atom:
₈₈Ra 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s²4p⁶4d¹⁰4f¹⁴5s²5p⁶5d¹⁰6s²6p⁶7s².
2) Selenium wil form Se²⁻ ions, because it is nonmetal and it has six valence electrons (4s²4p⁴), it will gain two electrons to have electron configuration like noble gas krypton (Z=36).
Electronic configuration of selenium atom: ₃₄Se 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s²4p⁴.
Radium typically loses 2 electrons to form Ra2+ ion, while Selenium typically gains 2 electrons to form Se2- ion. Thus, Ra2+ and Se2- are their respective monatomic ions.
Explanation:Radium (Z = 88) is in group 2 of the periodic table and therefore tends to lose 2 electrons to form Ra2+ (Radium ion) to achieve a stable electron configuration. Selenium (Z = 34), on the other hand, is in group 16 of the periodic table and therefore it typically gains 2 electrons to form Se2- (Selenium ion) to reach a stable electron configuration similar to the nearest noble gas. These ions, Ra2+ and Se2- are monatomic ions because they consist of only one atom.
Learn more about Monatomic ions here:https://brainly.com/question/36640155
#SPJ6
Imagine two electrons: one is close to the nucleus and one is far away. Which electron would be easier to remove from the atom and why?
The electron which is far away from the nucleus is easier to remove than the electron which is close to the nucleus.
What is the nuclear charge?The total charge of all the protons is equal to the nucleus will have charge. This total positive charge on the nucleus, all the protons present inside is called a nuclear charge.
The total number of protons in an atom is the atomic number of that atom, so the nuclear charge has the same value as that of the atomic number.
The electron present close to the nucleus experience a more effective nuclear charge. So it is difficult to remove these electrons from the atom.
While electron present in the outermost shell or far away from the nucleus experience less effective nuclear charge. So less amount of energy is required to remove these electrons from the nucleus.
Therefore, the electrons that lie far away from the nucleus are easier to remove from the atom
Learn more about nuclear charge, here:
https://brainly.com/question/14958386
#SPJ2
Convert the following to Fahrenheit 10 Celsius 30 Celsius 40 Celsius 37 Celsius 0 Celsius
Give two reasons why scientists use the scientific method
How do the sizes of atoms change as we move from left to right across a row in the periodic table?
Which of the following will occur soon after a population of prey increases slightly in size?
A) Predator population will remain the same.
B) Predator population will decrease greatly.
C) Predator population will decrease slightly.
D) Predator population will increase greatly.
E) Predator population will increase slightly.
Answer: Option E
Explanation:
The role of nature is that predators eat prey. They serve as food for the predators. If there is a increase in the size of the prey population then there will be increase in the size of predators.
Example: The lions feed on the rabbit for the its energy needs. If the size of rabbits will increase then the there will be a slight increase in the population of the lions as there will be a proper supply of food for them.
hence, the correct answer is option E