Explain and give examples of theories and laws (big bang molecular clock etc.)

To find the grams of acetone in the given solution, we can use the formula for molality and calculate the mass of acetone based on the molality, molar mass of acetone, and mass of the solvent.

The mass of the solution is given as 450.0 g and the molality is given as 0.7500 molal. To find the grams of acetone in the solution, we can use the formula for molality:

Molality (m) = moles of solute / mass of solvent (in kg)

Since 0.7500 molal corresponds to 0.7500 mol of acetone per 1 kg of water, we can calculate the mass of acetone by multiplying the molality by the molar mass of acetone and the mass of the solvent:

Mass of acetone = 0.7500 molal * (58.08 g/mol) * (0.4500 kg)

Therefore, there are 22.52 grams of acetone in this amount of solution.

the molar solubility of Barium Sulfate is 1.05 × 10⁻⁵ mol/L.

The correct option is (b).

The solubility product (Ksp) for Barium Sulfate (BaSO₄) is given as 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁰. The solubility product is the equilibrium constant representing the relationship between the concentrations of the ions in the saturated solution:

BaSO₄(s) ⇌ Ba²⁺(aq) + SO₄²⁻(aq)

To calculate the molar solubility (S) for BaSO₄, we need to find the concentration of Ba²⁺ and SO₄²⁻ ions at equilibrium. Since Ksp is given, we can use the definition of the solubility product:

Ksp = [Ba²⁺] × [SO₄²⁻]²

We don't have the individual ion concentrations but can find the total molar solubility (Sₙ) by taking the square root of the solubility product:

Sₙ = √(Ksp) = √(1.1 × 10⁻¹⁰) = 1.05 × 10⁻⁵ mol/L

So, the molar solubility of Barium Sulfate is 1.05 × 10⁻⁵ mol/L.

complete question given below:

The solubility product for barium sulfate is 1.1*10⁻¹⁰. Calculate the molar solubility of barium sulfate.

1) 5.5*10⁻⁸ mol/L

2) 1.05 *10⁻⁵ mol/L

3) 2.1*10⁻⁵ mol/L

4) 1.1*10⁻¹⁰ mol/L

5) 2.2*10⁻¹⁰ mol/L

Answer: The term is Mass number.

Explanation:

Atomic number is defined as the number of protons or number of electrons present in an atom. It is represented as Z.

Z = Number of protons = Number of electrons

Mass number is defined as the sum of number of protons and neutrons in an atom. It is represented as A.

A = Number of proton + Number of neutrons

Hence, the correct answer is Mass number.

Answer:[tex]4.98\times 10^{23}[/tex] molecules

Explanation:

According to avogadro's law, 1 mole of every substance occupies 22.4 L at STP and contains avogadro's number [tex]6.023\times 10^{23}[/tex] of particles.

To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation:

[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}=\frac{76.3g}{92.02g/mol}=0.83 moles[/tex]

1 mole of [tex]N_2O_4[/tex] contains =[tex]6.023\times 10^{23}[/tex] molecules

0.83 moles of [tex]N_2O_4[/tex] contains =[tex]\frac{6.023\times 10^{23}}{1}\times 0.83=4.98\times 10^{23}[/tex] molecules

Thus total number of molecules in 76.3 g of [tex]N_2O_4[/tex] is [tex]4.98\times 10^{23}[/tex] molecules

Taking into account the definition of molar mass and Avogadro's number, 4.99×10²³ molecules are contained in 76.3 g of N₂O₄.

Avogadro's Number or Avogadro's Constant is called the number of particles that make up a substance (usually atoms or molecules) and that can be found in the amount of one mole of said substance. Its value is 6.023×10²³ particles per mole. Avogadro's number applies to any substance.

The molar mass of substance is a property defined as its mass per unit quantity of substance, in other words, molar mass is the amount of mass that a substance contains in one mole.

Being the molar mass of N₂O₄ is 92.02 g/mol, you can apply the following rule of three: If by definition of molar mass 92.02 grams of the compound are contained in 1 mole, 76.3 grams are contained in how many moles?

[tex]amount of moles=\frac{76.3 gramsx1 mole}{92.02 grams}[/tex]

amount of moles= 0.829 moles

Then you can apply the following rule of three: If by definition of Avogadro's number, 1 mole of the compound contains 6.023×10²³ molecules, 0.829 moles contains how many molecules?

amount of molecules= (6.023×10²³ molecules× 0.829 moles)÷ 1 mole

amount of molecules= 4.99×10²³ molecules

Finally, 4.99×10²³ molecules are contained in 76.3 g of N₂O₄.

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Avogadro's Number:

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In the given neutralization reaction, X would be CH₃COOH.

Let's consider the incomplete reaction below.

NaOH + X ⇒ NaCH₃COO + H₂O

This seems to be a neutralization reaction.

It is a reaction between an acid and a base to form salt and water.

We can identify:

What is X in this reaction?

In the given neutralization reaction, X would be CH₃COOH.

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3.45= 3,450,000,000 Im working on this at school rn I hope I helped

Answer: The number of neutrons in copper-65 are 36.

Explanation:

Atomic number is defined as the number of protons that are present in an atom. It is represented as 'Z'

Z = Atomic number = Number of protons

Atomic mass of an element is defined as the sum of number of neutrons and number of protons that are present in an atom. It is represented as 'A'.

A = Atomic mass = Number of neutrons + Number of protons

For Copper, the atomic number is 29.

We are given:

Atomic mass of copper-65 = 65

Number of neutrons = 65 - 29 = 36

Hence, the number of neutrons in the given isotope of copper are 36.

Answer:

6.6 moles of CO2 is produced

Explanation:

97 g of C3H8 is equal to 2.2 moles, so we'll use ratio method according to which for 97 g of C3H8 6.6 moles of CO2 is produced

Answer : The reduction reaction takes place at cathode.

Explanation :

Voltaic cell : It is defined as a device which is used for the conversion of the chemical energy produces in a redox reaction into the electrical energy.

In the voltaic cell, the oxidation occurs at an anode which is a negative electrode and the reduction occurs at the cathode which is a positive electrode.

For example : The redox reaction occurs between the zinc and copper sulfate.

The balanced two-half reactions will be,

Oxidation half reaction (cathode) : [tex]Zn(s)\rightarrow Zn^{2+}(aq)+2e^-[/tex]

Reduction half reaction (anode) : [tex]Cu^{2+}(aq)+2e^-\rightarrow Cu(s)[/tex]

Thus the overall reaction will be,

[tex]Zn(s)+Cu^{2+}(aq)\rightarrow Zn^{2+}(aq)+Cu(s)[/tex]

Hence, the reduction reaction takes place at cathode.

The molar mass of the gas is approximately [tex]47.56 \text{ g/mol}[/tex]

To calculate the molar mass of the gas, we can use the Ideal Gas Law, which is given by:

[tex]\[ PV = nRT \][/tex]

where:

- [tex]\( P \)[/tex] is the pressure of the gas,

- [tex]\( V \)[/tex] is the volume of the gas,

- [tex]\( n \)[/tex] is the number of moles of the gas,

- [tex]\( R \)[/tex] is the ideal gas constant, and

- [tex]\( T \)[/tex]  is the temperature of the gas in Kelvin.

First, need to convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin:

[tex]\[ T(K) = T(\°C) + 273.15 \] \[ T(K) = 24 + 273.15 = 297.15 K \][/tex]

The density [tex]\( \rho \)[/tex] of the gas is given as 1.49 g/L. The density is the mass [tex]\( m \)[/tex] divided by the volume [tex]\( V \)[/tex]:

[tex]\[ \rho = \frac{m}{V} \][/tex]

express the mass in terms of the molar mass [tex]\( M \)[/tex] and the number of moles [tex]\( n \)[/tex]:

[tex]\[ m = M \cdot n \][/tex]

Substituting this into the density equation gives:

[tex]\[ \rho = \frac{M \cdot n}{V} \][/tex]

Now, can rearrange the Ideal Gas Law to solve for [tex]\( n \)[/tex]:

[tex]\[ n = \frac{PV}{RT} \][/tex]

Substituting this expression for [tex]\( n \)[/tex]  into the density equation gives:

[tex]\[ \rho = \frac{M \cdot PV}{RTV} \][/tex]

[tex]\[ \rho = \frac{M \cdot P}{RT} \][/tex]

Now, can solve for the molar mass [tex]\( M \)[/tex]:

[tex]\[ M = \frac{\rho RT}{P} \][/tex]

know that the ideal gas constant [tex]\( R \)[/tex] is 0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K), so we can plug in the values:

[tex]\[ M = \frac{1.49 \text{ g/L} \cdot 0.0821 \text{ L\·atm/(mol\·K)} \cdot 297.15 \text{ K}}{0.787 \text{ atm}} \] \[ M = \frac{1.49 \cdot 0.0821 \cdot 297.15}{0.787} \] \[ M = \frac{37.41}{0.787} \] \[ M \approx 47.56 \text{ g/mol} \][/tex]

Therefore, the molar mass of the gas is approximately 47.56 g/mol.

To calculate the mass, go from atoms to moles and moles to grams:

Atoms ........ Moles.......... Grams

From atoms to moles, use the Avogadro’s no. which is 6.022 x 10^23 and from moles to grams use atomic mass of Pt that is 195.08g.

So, 4.91 x 10^21 Pt atoms x (1 mole Pt / 6.022x10^23 Pt atoms) x (195.08g Pt / 1 mole Pt) = 1.59g Pt

Mass of 4.91 x 10^21 Pt atoms = 1.59g Pt

The mass of [tex]4.91 \times {10^{21}}{\text{ platinum atoms}}[/tex] is [tex]\boxed{1.59{\text{ g}}}[/tex].

Further Explanation:

We are provided with atoms of platinum and its mass is to be calculated. For this, first of all atoms of Pt are to be converted into moles. This is done with the help of Avogadro’s law. According to Avogadro’s law, one mole of any substance contains [tex]6.022 \times {10^{23}}{\text{ units}}[/tex]. Such units can be atoms and molecules.

Since [tex]6.022 \times {10^{23}}[/tex] of platinum consist of one mole, number of moles that are present in [tex]4.91 \times {10^{21}}{\text{ atoms}}[/tex] can be calculated as follows:

 [tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Moles of Pt}} &= \left( {4.91 \times {{10}^{21}}{\text{ atoms}}} \right)\left( {\frac{{1{\text{ mol}}}}{{6.022 \times {{10}^{23}}{\text{ atoms}}}}} \right) \\&= 0.008153{\text{ mol}} \\\end{aligned}[/tex]

Now moles calculated in above step are used to proceed for further calculations of mass. Moles and mass of Pt are related to each other with the help of expression written below.

The formula to calculate moles of Pt is as follows:

[tex]{\text{Moles of Pt}} = \dfrac{{{\text{Mass of Pt}}}}{{{\text{Molar mass of Pt}}}}[/tex]                                                                    ……(1)

Rearrange equation (1) to calculate mass of Pt.

[tex]{\text{Mass of Pt}} = \left( {{\text{Moles of Pt}}} \right)\left( {{\text{Molar mass of Pt}}} \right)[/tex]                                            …… (2)

The moles of Pt are0.008153 mol.

The molar mass of Pt is 195.084 g/mol.

Substitute these values in equation (2).

[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Mass of Pt}} &= \left( {{\text{0}}{\text{.008153 mol}}} \right)\left( {{\text{195}}{\text{.084 g/mol}}} \right)\\&= 1.59{\text{ g}} \\\end{aligned}[/tex]  

Hence,mass of platinum comes out to be 1.59 g.

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Answer details:

Grade: Senior School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Mole concept

Keywords: mole, atoms, Pt, platinum, moles of Pt, molar mass of Pt, 1.59 g, Avogadro’s law, 6.022*10^23 atoms, 4.91*10^21 atoms, mass of Pt, 195.084 g/mol, 0.008153 mol, mass of platinum.

Calcium chloride (CaCl2) is a salt which dissociates when dissolved in water. Assuming that the dissociation is complete (100 %), then the half reaction for this would be:

CaCl2 ---> Ca2+  +  2 Cl-

We can see that in 1 mole of CaCl2 salt, 1 mole of Ca2+ ion and 2 moles of Cl- ion is created. Therefore there are 3 moles of ion per 1 mole of CaCl2. Using this ratio, the total number of moles of ions in the solution is:

Total number of ions = 0.5 mol CaCl2 * (3 moles ion / 1 mol CaCl2)

Total number of ions = 1.5 moles ion

Answer:

1.5 mol ions

Explanation:

From his experiments, Rutherford deduced two main conclusions: first, the majority of an atom's space is empty, and second, the alpha particles' drastic deflections were due to a highly concentrated, positive charge, i.e., the atomic nucleus. The nucleus, according to Rutherford, is 100,000 times smaller than the atom.

Ernest Rutherford, after conducting multiple experimental runs, arrived at two conclusions with respect to the internal structure of atoms:

Rutherford's theory suggested that the nucleus was about 10-15 m in size, which made it 100,000 times smaller than the atom itself. The experiment had a profound impact on the field of Physics, leading Rutherford to propose that nearly all the mass of atoms is concentrated in their nucleus. This revolutionary understanding significantly altered the then-existing atomic model and paved the way for a deeper understanding of atomic structure.

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Answer : The figure is attached in the attachment.

Explanation : The central atom will be carbon to which at 109.8 degrees will be each chlorine atoms. And the central carbon atom is [tex] SP^{3}[/tex] hybridized. There will be four chlorine atom surrounding the central carbon atom. There will be 3 lone pairs of electron on each of the chlorine atom which gets attached with carbon atom.

The Lewis structure shows the electrons in a molecule.

The Lewis structure of a molecule shows the number of electrons in the molecule. The unshared electrons are shown as dots while the shared electrons may be showed as a single dash.

The correct Lewis structure of CCl4 is shown in the image attached to this answer.

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Answer:

43.7%

Explanation:

The Kinetic Molecular Theory suggests that as the volume of an enclosed gas increases, the number of particle impacts per unit area decreases since the gas particles are more spread out.

According to the Kinetic Molecular Theory, as the volume of an enclosed gas increases, the number of particle impacts per unit area decreases. The Kinetic Molecular Theory, a fundamental concept in gas physics, postulates that gas particles are in constant, random motion and that they frequently collide with each other and the walls of their container. When the volume of the container increases, the gas particles have more space to move around, the number of possible collision points increase but relatively the collisions with specific unit area decreases as the particles are more spread out. So the number of particle impacts per unit area decreases, not increases. The total number of particle impacts or the temperature does not necessarily have to change.

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Answer:

the first step is distillation

Explanation:

The correct pH of a 0.00598 M [tex]HClO_4[/tex] solution is approximately 2.223.

To determine the pH of a 0.00598 M [tex]HClO_4[/tex] solution, we can use the fact that [tex]HClO_4[/tex] is a strong acid and dissociates completely in water. Therefore, the concentration of H+ ions in the solution will be equal to the concentration of the acid.

Given that the concentration of [tex]HClO_4[/tex] is 0.00598 M, the concentration of H+ ions will also be 0.00598 M. The pH of a solution is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the [tex]H^+[/tex] ion concentration:

[tex]\[ \text{pH} = -\log[H^+] \][/tex]

Substituting the concentration of H+ ions into the equation, we get:

[tex]\[ \text{pH} = -\log(0.00598) \][/tex]

Using a calculator to find the logarithm and then the negative of that value, we obtain:

[tex]\[ \text{pH} \approx 2.223 \][/tex]

This is the most accurate value among the given options, and it corresponds to the pH of the solution. The other options (1.777, 6.434, 7.566, and 3.558) do not accurately represent the pH of a 0.00598 M [tex]HClO_4[/tex] solution.