It decreases by 10 percent as you go up each trophic level.
The amount of energy at each trophic level decreases when it moves through an ecosystem. 10 percent of the energy at any trophic level is transferred to the next level and the rest is lost through metabolic processes as heat
Alcohol can be considered a __________. A. Gateway drug B. Hallucinogen C. Barbiturate D. None of the above
Answer : option A gateway drug
Explanation:
A gateway drug is considered to be a type of habit forming drug which itself may not be addictive in nature but their use may lead to the person getting addicted to other drugs. The increase in probability of using other illegal drugs when a person is using a gateway drug is because of the alteration in the brain which leads to an inclination towards drug usage and a carefree behavior.Besides alcohol, marijuana and tobacco are also considered to be gateway drugs. It has been shown that the use of alcohol acts a gateway for many drugs such as cocaine. The gateway drug theory has stated if any of the gateway drugs or a mixture of them is introduced into a life of a teenager then it leads to an increased chances of experimentation with other drugs in the future.Since, alcohol is linked to an increased probability of using illegal drugs in the future, it is considered to be a gateway drug.A species of wildflower grows on hillsides in two locations. In the first (location A), the population is large and diverse, covering a large section of hillside. In the second (location B), a small but diverse population grows at the base of a hillside. Severe storms cause extensive mudslides in both areas, killing a large proportion of individuals in both populations. If you were to survey both locations after the surviving flowers have survived and reproduced for several generations, which pattern would you expect to observe?
a.) Both populations would be large and diverse, retaining all of their original alleles in their original frequencies.
b.) Both populations would be very small and genetically uniform, having lost many of their original alleles.
c.) The population in location A would be large and diverse, retaining all of its alleles in their original frequencies. The population in location B would have reduced genetic diver
The answer is; C
This phenomenon is called bottleneck effect and drastically affects small populations in comparison to large ones. The mudslide wipes off most of the population B at the base of the hill base. Due to their small population, a large proportion of the population is lost and the pollution loses most of its alleles leaving a small proportion to continue the population succession. Its diversity is hence reduced as it repopulates. The larger population is not greatly affected because it covers much of the hillside.
The correct answer is C)The population in location A would be large and diverse, retaining all of its alleles in their original frequencies. The population in location B would have reduced genetic diver.After several generations, it's likely that the larger population (location A) would remain diverse, while the smaller population (location B) would be genetically less diverse due to genetic drift and bottleneck effects.
The question pertains to the consequences of severe storms on two populations of wildflowers, one on a large and diverse hillside (location A) and the other, a small but diverse group at the base of a hillside (location B). If surveyed after several generations, one would expect that the population in location A would likely still be large and diverse due to its initial larger size providing more genetic variation and resilience despite the losses incurred by the mudslides. However, the population at location B, being smaller and more vulnerable to the vicissitudes of genetic drift and bottleneck events, would likely have reduced genetic diversity. Natural selection could favor different adaptations in each group based on the distinct environmental conditions and resources available post-storm.
Thus, the most plausible outcome would be that the population in location A would be large and diverse, retaining many of its alleles in similar frequencies, while the population in location B would have reduced genetic diversity. This scenario aligns with principles of allopatric speciation and the effects of genetic drift, which are heightened in smaller populations.
can someone help me with this biology please
try C
hope this helps
List possible causes of the decline of European honey bee populations in the United States.
The following are the possible causes of the decline of the European honey bee populations in the United States:
1. The increase in the use of herbicides and pesticides that honeybees ingest at the time of their daily pollination rounds are blamed largely, of this the main concern is the use of the class of pesticides known as neonicotinoids.
2. The populations of bees may also be susceptible to other factors like the recent enhancement in the atmospheric electromagnetic radiation as a consequence of the growing numbers of wireless communication towers and cell phones.
3. Another factor like global warming may be increasing the growth rates of pathogens like viruses, mites, and fungi, which are known to affect the bee colonies.
1. Compare and contrast a food chain and a food web.
2. Explain the purpose of the arrows.
flow velocity measures the mass of a liquid true or false
false i believe lol
I finished the test and it is false
N the savanna, a lion would be the ____________ while the water buffalo would be the
The answer is Predator and prey
Which statement about bacterial cell walls is false?
a) Cell walls provide the cell with a degree of physical protection from the environment.
b) Cell walls prevent cells from dying in hypertonic conditions.
c) Cell walls prevent cells from bursting in hypotonic environments.
d) Bacterial cell walls are similar in function to the cell walls of many protists, fungi, and plants.
e) Bacterial cell walls differ in molecular composition from plant cell walls.
The false statement about bacterial cell walls is the cell wall prevents cells from dying in hypertonic conditions. So, the correct option is B.
What do you mean by Hypertonic solution?It is a type of solution in which the concentration of solute is higher as compared to the concentration of solvent (water).
The bacterial cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan that provides rigidity to the cell wall. The cell wall is present outside the cell membrane. A hypertonic solution possesses a higher concentration of solute and a lower concentration of water (solvent) in a cell. This results in a movement of water out of the cell through a process of osmosis. Due to semi-permeable in nature, the cell wall still not be able to prevent the amount of water loss from the cell. This leads to a scarcity of water inside the cell leads to dehydration. As a result of this, the cell dies.
Therefore, the false statement about bacterial cell walls is the cell wall prevents cells from dying in hypertonic conditions
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Bacterial cell walls are similar in function to the cell walls of many protists, fungi, and plants.
Explanation:The false statement about bacterial cell walls is d) Bacterial cell walls are similar in function to the cell walls of many protists, fungi, and plants.
Bacterial cell walls are composed of peptidoglycan, which is a unique molecule not found in the cell walls of protists, fungi, or plants. These organisms have different types of cell walls that serve different functions.
On the other hand, options a), b), c), and e) are true statements about bacterial cell walls. They provide physical protection, prevent cell death in hypertonic conditions, prevent cell bursting in hypotonic environments, and differ in molecular composition from plant cell walls, respectively.
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1. Which of the following transport mechanisms utilizes energy?
A. Osmosis
B. Diffusion
C. Facilitated diffusion
D. Endocytosis
This is the average temperature for the entire year at any specific location. This is one of the factors in distinguishing one biome from another.
The correct answer is mean annual temperature.
The mean annual temperature signifies towards the average of the minimum and the maximum temperatures of a year. For this, the mean average of the coldest month of the year is taken and is averaged with the mean average of the hottest month of the year. Mean annual temperature is an essential tool in climatology, which can evaluate the climate change of an area.
True or false?
a. The structural differences between plant and animal cell are the structures found in the plant cells such as the cell wall, chloroplasts and vacuoles.
b. Chloroplasts in animal cells produce the majority of the cells formed from food.
c. The cells use sunlight as their energy source the sunlight it then made into energy in the process known as Photosynthesis.
d. The Cell Wall is the rigid wall surrounding the cell membrane which gives it a stable and protected environment.
e. Vacuoles are large, liquid filled organelles that occupy up to 90 percent of the cells volume and they have one membrane.
f. Their main priority is being a space filler in the cell and they can also fill the digestive functions and are used as storage for nutrients.
A. true
B. False
C. true
D. true
E. true
F. true
The structural differences between plant and animal cells include the presence of the cell wall, chloroplasts, and vacuoles in plant cells. Cells use sunlight as an energy source in the process of photosynthesis. The cell wall provides a stable and protected environment for the cell.
Explanation:a. True. Plant cells have unique structures such as the cell wall, chloroplasts, and vacuoles that are not found in animal cells.
b. False. Chloroplasts are found in plant cells and are responsible for photosynthesis, not food production in animal cells.
c. True. Cells use sunlight as an energy source in the process of photosynthesis, which converts light energy into chemical energy.
d. True. The cell wall is a rigid structure surrounding the cell membrane, providing support and protection.
e. True. Vacuoles are large, liquid-filled organelles with a single membrane and occupy a significant portion of the cell's volume.
f. True. While vacuoles can perform various functions, they often serve as storage for nutrients and fill space within the cell.
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Which of the following statements is true?
Question 5 options:
a. A promoter determines whether a gene is expressed.
b. An expressed gene is turned off.
c. Proteins that bind to regulatory sites on DNA determine whether a gene is expressed.
d. RNA polymerase regulates gene expression.
c. Proteins that bind to regulatory sites on DNA determine whether a gene is expressed. is the answer
Final answer:
The true statement is that proteins binding to regulatory sites on DNA determine whether a gene is expressed. Gene expression is regulated by the combined action of promoters and regulatory proteins, which can be activators or repressors of transcription.
Explanation:
The correct statement among the given options is c. Proteins that bind to regulatory sites on DNA determine whether a gene is expressed. Gene expression is a process where information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product, usually a protein. This process is highly regulated in cells.
Regulatory proteins, also known as transcription factors, are key players in controlling gene expression. They can either activate or repress transcription by binding to DNA regulatory elements near the gene promoters. When these proteins bind as activators, they enhance the interaction between RNA polymerase (the enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template) and the promoter, favoring the initiation of transcription. Conversely, repressor proteins can prevent transcription by blocking RNA polymerase access to the DNA.
A promoter itself is a DNA sequence (a promoter is a specific sequence of DNA nucleotides) where RNA polymerase and associated proteins bind to start transcription. While it plays a role in the expression of a gene, a promoter does not alone determine if a gene is expressed. Instead, it is the combination of the promoter and the regulatory elements that control gene expression.
A man feels anxious and frightened because he senses that someone is following him home. Once he safely reaches home and locks the door, his heart and respiratory rate slow. Which parts of the nervous system were activated during these events, and in which order?
Sympathetic; parasympathetic
Parasympathetic; sympathetic
Sensory somatic; autonomic
Autonomic; sensory somatic
Answer:
The correct answer is Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous system.
Explanation:
The autonomous nervous system is conformed by the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.
The body’s stress response is mediated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system. The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for stressful situations that require an alert state or strength. It is responsible for the neural fight-or-flight response to stress.
In a stressful situation the hypothalamus, which is in charge of the stress response, sends signals to the pituitary gland and the adrenal medulla. The adrenal medulla secretes the neurotransmitters and hormones adrenaline and noradrenalin to the bloodstream. These hormones get the body ready for a response to stress, by increasing heart biting frequency and strength, increasing blood pressure, stimulating respiration, and dilating respiratory tracts.
The parasympathetic nervous system is activated during rest and digestion, and this occurs when the threat factor is over, and the body gets back into a balanced state.
In general, parasympathetic nervous system´s actions are contrary to the sympathetic nervous system. It reduces arterial pressure, respiratory and cardiac frequency, and maintain energy through relaxation and rest.
If a person with O blood type produces offspring with a person with B blood type, then what percentage of their offspring will be type O in the best case scenario? A) 40% B) 50% C) 90% D) 100%
Answer
The correct answer would be B) 50 %.
In humans, the blood group is determined by three alleles [tex]I^{A},I^{B},[/tex] and [tex]i[/tex].
[tex]I^{A} and I^{B}[/tex] are co-dominant whereas [tex]i[/tex] is recessive to other two.
Thus, the genotype of a person with blood group O would be [tex]ii[/tex].
The genotype of a person with blood group B would be either [tex]I^{B}I^{B}[/tex] (homozygous condition) or [tex]I^{B}i[/tex] (heterozygous condition).
The crosses are shown in the image below.
There is only one condition in which the person can have offspring with blood group O that is, when the other parent is [tex]I^{B}i[/tex].
In this condition, the probability of an offspring to have blood group O is 50%.
In other condition, the probability of an offspring to have blood O is 0%.
Answer:
Explanation:
The correct answer would be B) 50 %.
In humans, the blood group is determined by three alleles and .
are co-dominant whereas is recessive to other two.
Thus, the genotype of a person with blood group O would be .
The genotype of a person with blood group B would be either (homozygous condition) or (heterozygous condition).
The crosses are shown in the image below.
There is only one condition in wh
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How many molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) would be produced by five turns of the citric acid cycle?
Considering only citric cycle when the acetyl coA enters into the citric acid cycle the two molecules are formed in a single turn.
In five turns, 10 molecules of carbon dioxide will be produced by five turns of the citric acid cycle.
10 molecules of Carbon-dioxide ([tex]CO_2[/tex]) would be produced by five turns of the citric acid cycle (TCA).
What are Molecules?
A group of two or more atoms forms the smallest identifiable unit into which a pure substance can be divided and still retain the composition and chemical properties of that substance.
The citric acid cycle is a series of reactions that produces 2 carbon-dioxide molecules, one GTP/ATP molecule, and some reduced forms of NADH, [tex]FADH_2[/tex] in one turn of the citric acid cycle.
Therefore, 10 molecules of Carbon-dioxide ([tex]CO_2[/tex]) would be produced by five turns of the citric acid cycle (TCA).
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One's sex is ____ determined; one's gender is ____ determined.
a. culturally; biologically
b. culturally; culturally
c. biologically; culturally
d. biologically; biologically
The answer is
One's sex is biologically determined ;one's gender is culturally determined.
In simple words the answer is C)
Hope it helps
A region in which a layer of limestone close to the surface creates deep valley caverens and sinkholes
What climate conditions occur during La Niña?
stronger prevailing winds and more hurricane activity
warmer Pacific waters and warmer winters
more hurricane activity and warmer Pacific waters
warmer winters and stronger prevailing winds
Answer:
A) stronger prevailing winds and more hurricane activity
Explanation
La Niña is a climate pattern marked by stronger prevailing winds and potentially more hurricane activity. It involves cooler Pacific Ocean surface temperatures and impacts global weather patterns.
Explanation:La Niña refers to a climate pattern that is characterized by stronger prevailing winds and can lead to an increase in hurricane activity. During La Niña, the sea surface temperatures in the Eastern Pacific Ocean are cooler than average, leading to stronger trade winds blowing from east to west. This results in increased upwelling of colder, nutrient-rich waters, affecting weather patterns around the globe. The impact on hurricanes is due to the impact on atmospheric conditions, creating more favorable conditions for their formation and strengthening. It's important to note that La Niña's effects can vary, but typically, it does not lead to warmer Pacific waters or warmer winters.
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Where is the foramen in this diagram of a bone from the vertebral column? a single bone of the vertebral column A. option A B. option B C. option C D. option D
I believe the answer is D.
Answer:
d
Explanation:
got it right
What is the effect of a mutation? Check all that apply. No change to the DNA of the organism positive change to the organism negative change to the organism
Mutations can have no effect, a positive effect, or a negative effect on organisms.
Explanation:A mutation is any change in an organism's DNA nucleotide sequence. It may occur due to an error during DNA replication, exposure to mutagens, or a viral infection. Mutations can have different effects on organisms.
No change to the DNA of the organism: Some mutations are neutral and do not affect the organism's DNA or its proteins.Positive change to the organism: Beneficial mutations increase the fitness of an organism by providing an advantage, such as increased resistance to disease or improved survival in a specific environment.Negative change to the organism: Some mutations can be harmful and negatively impact the organism's fitness, leading to reduced survival or reproduction.It's important to note that most mutations have neither negative nor positive effects on the organism.
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Match term with the best definition or description.
nitrogen-fixing bacteria
- organisms that can transform atmospheric nitrogen into chemical compounds that other organisms can use break down decaying organisms evidence of excessive use of fertilizer decomposers
- organisms that can transform atmospheric nitrogen into chemical compounds that other organisms can use break down decaying organisms evidence of excessive use of fertilizer algal bloom
An abiotic factor affecting the behavior and survival of birds is the A) length of daylight. B) number of carnivores. C) presence of harmful bacteria. D) size of the insect population.
Hi~~
In order to answer this question, you need to know what abiotic factors are! Abiotic refers to anything that is lifeless.
Look at your choices. B, C, and D are answers that contain life. Therefore, the correct answer is A) length of daylight, since it is
That was just a simple explanation.
The central dogma states that information flows from
a.
RNA to DNA to polysaccharides.
b.
DNA to RNA to proteins.
c.
RNA to DNA to proteins.
d.
DNA to polysaccharides to RNA.
B
Information is encoded in DNA, then copied onto RNA during transcription. Then, ribosomes convert the information carried in RNA into a protein, in the process of translation. Also, A and D could be ruled out because DNA and RNA are solely involved with proteins, but polysacchariades are chains of sugars.
Final answer:
The correct answer for the flow of genetic information according to the central dogma is DNA to RNA to protein. The central dogma includes transcription of DNA into RNA, followed by translation of RNA into protein. This principle applies to all organisms, with certain exceptions in viral infections.
Explanation:
The central dogma of molecular biology refers to the process which describes the flow of genetic information within a biological system. The process starts with DNA ( extit{deoxyribonucleic acid}), which undergoes transcription to form RNA ( extit{ribonucleic acid}). Then, RNA is used during translation to create proteins. The steps can be summarized as DNA to RNA to protein. This is the foundational concept of how genetic information is expressed within cells. There are exceptions to this rule, such as some viruses that use reverse transcription to convert RNA back to DNA, but these are special cases.
Reviewing the student's question, the correct answer to the flow of genetic information according to the central dogma is option B, which is DNA to RNA to proteins.
In the case of the virus infecting E. coli, since the DNA of virus A is inserted into the protein coat of virus B, the infected E. coli cells would produce virus particles that have the DNA of virus A and the protein coat of virus B.
A researcher is monitoring a colony of single-celled organisms and notes that the colony is releasing carbon dioxide (CO2) and using up oxygen (O2) in the closed clear glass container in which it is being kept. Which of the following can be assumed about these organisms from these observations? They are releasing energy from organic molecules through aerobic respiration. They are storing energy in organic molecules through photosynthesis. They are releasing energy from organic molecules through anaerobic fermentation. They are storing energy in organic molecules through aerobic respiration.
They are releasing energy from organic molecules through aerobic respiration. In cell respiration, you are releasing energy, and in this case you are releasing energy from organic molecules. Because they are a single-celled organism using oxygen and releasing carbon, the process being used is aerobic respiration.
Answer:
A: They are releasing energy from organic molecules through aerobic respiration. In cell respiration, you are releasing energy, and in this case, you are releasing energy from organic molecules. Because they are a single-celled organism using oxygen and releasing carbon, the process being used is aerobic respiration
The cell mass that develops from the fertilized egg implants itself in the uterine wall during the ____ stage of prenatal development.
a. fertilization
b. fetal
c. embryonic
d. germinal
The fertilized egg, or zygote, implants itself in the uterine wall during the germinal stage of prenatal development. This stage occurs immediately after fertilization and lasts approximately two weeks.
Explanation:The cell mass that develops from the fertilized egg implants itself in the uterine wall during the germinal stage of prenatal development. The germinal stage occurs right after fertilization and lasts about two weeks.
During this stage, the fertilized egg, also known as the zygote, travels down the fallopian tube and implants itself in the uterine wall. This is where it begins to divide and grow into a cluster of cells via a process known as cell division.
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how oxygen and carbon dioxide are produced
Oxygen is produced by trees through photothnthesis and carbon dioxide is prodeced by mammals and other things breathing it out or burning fule.
how do sudden, brief rainfalls damage desert soil
When veiwing a human karyotype to detect genetic disorders, whic situation indicate a genetic problem
There are two scenarios where viewing a karyotype one can detect a genetic disorder.
#1 : When a pair of chromosomes has 3 chromatids
#2 When a pair of chromosomes has 1 chromatids
Precipitation that percolates into the soil becomes..
a. runoff.
b. water vapor.
c. lakes.
d. groundwater.
PLZZ!! ANSWER!!
The following tracking model was created for Hurricane Ike on September 8, 2008.
According to this model, at which point is the storm least likely to make landfall?
Public Domain
Point A
Point B
Point C
Point D
Point C
Hope this helps!
Answer: Option (C)
Explanation: By comparing the current center location and the forecast center location, we can depict that the storm is more likely to travel in the north-western direction affecting the coastal location such as location A, B and D in a vulnerable way.
Location C in comparison to the other location is located at somewhat different place which does not come into the intensive effect of the storm, so this place will have the least chances of getting affected.