Factor a producer must consider when decidinghow many workers to hire

Answers

Answer 1

The factor that a producer must consider when it comes to deciding of how many workers that he or she needs to hire is in regards with the production of the products being produced and the time in which he or she needs to estimate how the produce takes time to be produced.


Related Questions

What is a major difference between strategic philanthropy and cause-related marketing?

Answers

Strategic philanthropy is connected to an entire organization
Cause-related marketing is connected to a specific product and marketing problem

Suppose a lab group reports a percent yield of 90% of salt. what is a possible explanation for the "missing" product? do not consider calculation mistakes; think about the procedure used.

Answers

If salt is being produced by mixing two ionic compounds, it is possible that the missing yield could be a result of a spill, inaccuracies in measurement while completing the experiment, or it is even possible that some of the reactants remained un-reacted once the experiment had been completed.

Final answer:

Percent Yield in Chemistry measures reaction efficiency. Impurities or incomplete reactions can lead to a percent yield exceeding 100%. Understanding the factors affecting percent yield is crucial in analyzing reaction outcomes.

Explanation:

Percent Yield is the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield, expressed as a percentage, indicating the efficiency of a chemical reaction.

When a lab group reports a percent yield of 90% for salt, a possible explanation for the 'missing' product could be that impurities in the measured product may have caused its mass to appear higher than it would be if pure.

Another reason for a percent yield exceeding 100% could be incomplete reactions, side reactions, or losses during purification processes that lead to the actual yield being higher than the theoretical yield.

The ________________ party tends to garner much of its support from small business owners and corporations.

Answers

the answer is republican and if you have any other questions just message me and plz give me brainliest 

Which controls almost all of the media industry?

Answers

A few large companies 

This question is incomplete. Here is the complete question:

Which controls almost all of the media industry?

a few large companies

small broadcasters

government agencies

innovative entrepreneurs

Answer:

The correct answer is a few large companies.

Explanation:

If we pay attention to the media around us, we can see that there is no single company that dominates it, but rather it is a few large companies that control this market.

This means that this group of companies continuously compete with each other so as not to let any of the others get all the attention.

This type of structure is called oligopoly. As mentioned before, only a few companies participate in an oligopoly, since if there were many, what each company does would have no impact on what the others do. And this is not the case of the media industry, since there are not many companies dedicated to this. Therefore, larger companies must constantly compete with each other to prevent others from being more successful.

Given this information, we can say that the correct answer is option C.

When serving a lemon drop shot, what do you give the customer?

Answers

Final answer:

A lemon drop shot is an alcoholic beverage served chilled with vodka, lemon juice, simple syrup, and usually with a sugar-rimmed glass and a lemon slice.

Explanation:

When serving a lemon drop shot, which is a type of alcoholic beverage, the customer is typically given a shot that involves a mixture of vodka, lemon juice, and simple syrup. Some establishments might also rim the glass with sugar for an additional touch of sweetness. The tradition is to serve the shot chilled, with a sugared rim, and often accompanied by a lemon slice on the side. This provides a balance of sweet and tart flavors, which is the hallmark of this popular cocktail.

The study of the climate and its variability, including long-term weather patterns over time and space and the controls thereof is

Answers

Climatology is the study of climate and its variability over time and space. This differs form meteorologist who study weather in the short term, often looking to predict weather out no further than 7-10 days.

​in a _____ system, the distinction blurs between input, output, and the interface itself.

Answers

User centered systems

The correct answer would be, User Centered Systems.

In a User Centered System, the distinction blurs between input, output and the interface itself.

Explanation:

User Centered Systems are the systems that involves inputs, processes, outputs and Interface.

In a User Centered System, User's demands, characteristics, environment, tasks, workflow of a product, processes, etc are given ultimate importance and attention at every stage of the system design.

Many users work with a mix of inputs, processes, outputs, data queries, etc to perform day to day activities. The tasks or activities require interaction with the systems on regular basis, so User interface is a vital element in a system design phase.

Learn more about Systems at:  

brainly.com/question/14802838

#LearnWithBrainly

Compare and contrast spatial distribution population density and population growth rate

Answers

spacial distribution population density is measuring the settlement patterns of populations whereas the population growth rate measures the speed at which the population increases. One has to do with geographical patterns and the other has to do with birth-rate and death-rate. Both are measuring populations.

While spatial distribution explains how individuals are arranged in an area, population density measures how crowded a population is, and the growth rate indicates how the population size changes over time.

To understand the dynamics of populations, it's essential to differentiate between spatial distribution, population density, and population growth rate. Here's a detailed comparison:

Spatial Distribution: This refers to how individuals of a species are spaced within an area. The patterns can be random, uniform, or clumped. These patterns indicate the social interactions, territoriality, and resource distribution of a species.Population Density: This is the number of individuals per unit area or volume. It provides insights into how crowded the population is, which can affect birth rates, death rates, and the availability of resources. For example, high population density often leads to resource scarcity.Population Growth Rate: This measures how the number of individuals in a population increases or decreases over time. Factors influencing this rate include birth rate, death rate, immigration, and emigration. A high growth rate suggests a thriving population, while a low or negative rate may indicate environmental strain or social issues.

Additionally, these concepts relate to several key areas:

Means of Dispersal: Dispersal mechanisms like wind, water, and animal movement are crucial for population density as they determine how far and wide individuals spread.Migration: Migration significantly affects population density and growth by adding or removing individuals from a population, which can lead to changes in resource availability and social structure.Growth Patterns: Examples include exponential (J-curve) and logistic (S-curve) growth, with the logistic growth incorporating carrying capacity representing the maximum population size that the environment can sustain long-term.

How are dividing fractions used in real life?

Answers

Art Projects

Have you ever made a collage as a group, or painted a wall for a community project. Whenever you do something like that you are given a certain piece to do. This is division. When divided the workload becomes easy and light and when working together side by side, you are learning valuable people skills.

The _____ of a company is an operating committee responsible for determining the salaries, bonuses, and perks for the ceo and other senior executives.

Answers

Compensation Committee. They are responsible for determining things like salary, performance, bonuses, and all the things you listed. 

Which of the following are NOT deducted on a typical paystub:
A Sales tax
B Social security tax
C State income tax
D Medicare tax

Answers

The correct answer is A. sales tax.

First of all, we need to determine what a paystub is. It is actually just another way to say paycheck, or the money you receive from your employer for the work you've performed during the previous month.

However, there are some taxes that are deducted from your paycheck before you actually receive it - these taxes include social security tax, state income tax, as well as Medicare tax. What they don't include is sales tax - which is a tax you pay when you buy something.

1. Why do you think people are so interested in forensic science?

2. How are fingerprints analyzed?

3. How does real fingerprint analysis differ from the fingerprint analysis shown on television programs such as CSI?

4. Are you surprised to learn that fingerprint analysis is actually subjective, not objective?

5. What is the only forensic evidence that experts agree to be 100 percent accurate?

6. Who decides whether expert witnesses can testify in court?

7. Are you surprised to discover how easy it is to become certified as a forensic scientist?

8. After viewing the video, how do you feel about the validity of forensic science?

Answers

Why do you think people are so interested in forensic science? People are interested in it because it is everywhere. And the CSI shows really hype the job up

How are fingerprints analyzed? First the fngerprint collected at the crime scene is searched ±or unique characterisTcs like ridges, loops, and whirls. ²hose prints are then compared to a known print. And once the examiner believes there is enough points o± similarity he declares it a match.

How does real fingerprint analysis differ from the fingerprint analysis shown on television programs such as CSI? Machines do not make the match people do.

Are you surprised to learn that fingerprint analysis is actually subjective, not objective? Yes I didn’t think so much human judgment went into it I thought it was like we got your fngerprint and beep boo boop beep we put it into the computer it fnds a match and there is no room ±or error it is 100 percent

What is the only forensic evidence that experts agree to be 100 percent accurate? The only forensic evidence that experts agree to be 100 percent accurate would be the crime being committed in court, in front of the judge and jury.

Who decides whether expert witnesses can testify in court? The judge will decide that. Lawyers for each side will submit lists of witnesses to the judge and each other and the judge will decide.

Are you surprised to discover how easy it is to become certified as a forensic scientist?

After viewing the video, how do you feel about the validity of forensic science? I think that people are so interested in forensic science because of the increased number of television programs that depict aspects of forensic science careers.

The example of having two equal lines of checkers and then increasing the spacing of checkers in one line and asking which live has more checkers is meant to test for

Answers

This example is meant to test for what is called the conservation of numbers. This concept was first discovered by Piaget, and it means that there is a moment when an individual (in this case, a child) realizes that space or mass does not equal the amount of something. In this situation, a child would realize that there are the same amount of checkers in each line regardless of how long one line is compared to the other.

Final answer:

The example of changing checker spacing to test which line has more checkers deals with the concept of conservation in psychology, a key principle in cognitive development indicating that children begin to understand quantity invariance around ages 7 to 11.

Explanation:

The question you've asked refers to a concept tested in psychology related to visual perception and cognitive development. Specifically, this example is used to test for conservation, which is the understanding that quantity does not change despite changes in shape or arrangement. This concept is often part of developmental psychology studies, such as those by Jean Piaget, who found that the ability to understand conservation develops in children usually around the ages of 7 to 11. In the example given, two equal lines of checkers are presented, and then the spacing of checkers in one line is increased. Children who have not yet developed conservation may mistakenly believe that the longer line has more checkers, as they base their judgment on the line length rather than the number of checkers.

Which term refers to a compensation plan that includes traditional pay, job design, career development, and recognition?

Answers

There are 6 different types of compensation plans and benefits:

1.      Straight Salary Compensation

2.      Salary plus Commission

3.      Commission Only

4.      Territory Volume Compensation Plans

5.      Profit Margin/Revenue Based Compensation Plans

6.      Residual Commission

The one includes traditional pay, recognition, job design, and career development is the straight salary compensation. 

The van der waals equation is a modified version of the that takes into account both the

Answers

Answer:
The van der Waal's equation is a modified version of the ideal gas law that accounts for the volume of gas molecules and the attractive forces between molecules.

Details:
The ideal gas law is
pV = nRTwherep = gas pressure
V = volume
n = moes
T = temperature
R =  the gas constant

The van der Waal equation corrects the volume from V to (V - nb) , and corrects p to (p + (n²a)/V²).
b = volume occupied by gas molecules
a and b are determined experimentally.


Is the use of a mobile device and its location to check into locations such as businesses and entertainment venues, find friends and their locations, and receive rewards and take advantage of "specials" based on location?

Answers

most likely unless you are looking globally, then yes, all of thos are dependent on location as it will try to find whats closest to you

Most likely the answer is yes

The primary purpose of measuring the overall level of prices in the economy is to
a. allow for the measurement of gdp.
b. allow consumers to know what kinds of prices to expect in the future.
c. allow for the comparison of dollar figures from different points in time.
d. allow for the comparison of dollar figures from the same point in time.

Answers

It is (c) allow for the comparison of dollar figures from different points in time.

Final answer:

The primary purpose of measuring the overall level of prices in the economy is to allow for the comparison of dollar figures from different points in time. Economists use index numbers to measure the price level rather than the dollar value of goods because index numbers provide a standardized way to compare prices over time.

Explanation:

The primary purpose of measuring the overall level of prices in the economy is to allow for the comparison of dollar figures from different points in time. Economists use index numbers to measure the price level rather than the dollar value of goods because index numbers provide a standardized way to compare prices over time without being influenced by changes in the overall level of prices. For example, if the price level increases by 3% in a year, index numbers will reflect this increase, allowing economists to compare dollar figures from different points in time more accurately.

Jane must do a system each evening to copy and archive computer data that could be used if a compromise occurs

Answers

Jane must do a system each evening to copy and archive computer data that could be used if a compromise occurs. The process that Jane makes is referred to as back up. Back up process is the process of copying and archiving computer data so that the duplicate files can be used to restore the original data if a compromise occurs. 

How much automation used to be in restaurant in 1950s?

Answers

I'm sorry but I don't know the answer.

I think Google would help you!

The sources of grievances in the workplace generally involve:

Answers

The sources of grievances in the workplace generally involve the following factors such as the;

-          Promotions

-          Layoffs

-          Overtime rules

These factors affect the employees in which causes grievances because of certain scenarios affecting this factors involve in the workplace.

Primary causes of conflict at work and the relationship between miscommunication and conflict explained.

Primary causes of conflict at work can include disputes not being resolved, frustration, stress spreading to others, problems in the economy like loss of jobs and rising economic inequality. Miscommunication can exacerbate conflict by leading to misunderstandings, lack of clarity, and perception of unfairness.

Denial of due process in meetings, meal breaks, sick leave, and unfair rostering practices can also fuel grievances. Additionally, procedural justice plays a crucial role as seen in experiments where fairness of procedures impacted behavior in the workplace.

Candice’s first job was at the grocery store making deli food. While in culinary school, she worked part time in a restaurant kitchen, and after finishing school, she found a position as a head chef. With her growing experience and advanced education, Candice has been able to _____

Answers

Making deli cuisine at a grocery shop was Candice's first job. She had a part-time job in a restaurant kitchen while she was in culinary school, and after she graduated, she was hired as a head chef.

The correct phrase is to climb the corporate ladder.

What is required to get up the corporate ladder?

From the lowest paid with the fewest responsibilities to the best paid with the most, there is a graduation of jobs within an organization or specialized profession: An individual with a good work ethic should advance in their field.

Simply put, "climbing up the company ladder" refers to professional development. For instance, you might have started out in business as a sales representative. As time goes on, you can be promoted to shift manager, shop manager, and regional manager.

In order to go up the corporate ladder, one level must be abandoned. The conventional organizational structure of a corporation is a pyramid, with many low-level workers doing essential functions at the base.

For more information about Candice’s grocery refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/17184521

#SPJ5

Candice’s first job was at the grocery store making deli food. While in culinary school, she worked part-time in a restaurant kitchen, and after finishing school, she found a position as a head chef. With her growing experience and advanced education, Candice has been able to move up the career ladder.

A person with a strong work ethic ought to advance in their career.

Why is it important to have a second career choice?

Your goals and tastes may have changed over time fairly naturally as you gathered experience. With a second career, you have the chance to choose a different path in life that takes into account everything you've discovered about yourself in the professional world.

The characteristics of your personality and the level of happiness you want to derive from your employment are two of the most important factors to take into account. An outgoing person enjoys engaging with others and finds fulfillment in jobs that include a lot of socializing.

Learn more about the career ladder here:

https://brainly.com/question/27719816

#SPJ2

Efforts by the federal reserve bank (the fed) to control the money supply and interest rates are known as:

Answers

Efforts by the federal reserve bank to control the money supply and interest rates are known as monetary policies.
Final answer:

The Federal Reserve Bank's efforts to control the money supply and interest rates are known as monetary policy. Open market operations and quantitative easing are two tools used by the Fed for this purpose.

Explanation:

The efforts by the Federal Reserve Bank (the Fed) to control the money supply and interest rates are known as monetary policy. The most common tool used by the Fed for this purpose is open market operations, which involve buying or selling U.S. Treasury bonds to influence the quantity of bank reserves and interest rates. Another tool used is quantitative easing, which involves the purchase of long-term government and private mortgage-backed securities to stimulate aggregate demand.

Learn more about Monetary policy here:

https://brainly.com/question/32175013

#SPJ2

The growing number of individuals who work at temporary or part-time jobs are known as _____ workers. short term contingent job share leased

Answers

Contingent workers. Contingent workers are used to fill in when companies see an increase of production or projects. They are considered contingent because they are contingent on staying on as a regular full time worker. Workers should be aware when the production or projects end, they will be released from their work.

An economy starts off with a gdp per capita of $5,000. how large will the gdp per capita be if it grows at an annual rate of 2% for 20 years? 2% for 40 years? 4% for 40 years? 6% for 40 years?

Answers

Final Answer:

After 20 years at an annual growth rate of 2%, the GDP per capita would be approximately $6,090. After 40 years at the same rate, it would be around $7,384. At a 4% annual growth rate for 40 years, the GDP per capita would be about $14,877. Finally, at a 6% annual growth rate for 40 years, the GDP per capita would be approximately $26,531.

Explanation:

Economic growth can be calculated using the formula:

[tex]\[ \text{Future GDP per capita} = \text{Initial GDP per capita} \times (1 + \text{Growth Rate})^\text{Number of Years} \][/tex]

For a 2% growth rate over 20 years:

[tex]\[ \$6,090 = \$5,000 \times (1 + 0.02)^{20} \][/tex]

For a 2% growth rate over 40 years:

[tex]\[ \$7,384 = \$5,000 \times (1 + 0.02)^{40} \][/tex]

For a 4% growth rate over 40 years:

[tex]\[ \$14,877 = \$5,000 \times (1 + 0.04)^{40} \][/tex]

For a 6% growth rate over 40 years:

[tex]\[ \$26,531 = \$5,000 \times (1 + 0.06)^{40} \][/tex]

These calculations show the compounding effect of annual growth rates on GDP per capita over time. A higher growth rate leads to a significantly larger GDP per capita due to the compounding nature of economic growth. It demonstrates the importance of sustained economic development and the long-term impact it can have on a nation's prosperity.

The share of gni (gross national income) accounted for by the tertiary sector is ______________ in developed countries, when compared to developing countries

Answers

The answer is high in developed countries and remains to grow. The tertiary sector is the one of the three economic sectors of the three-sector theory. The other two sectors are secondary sector or manufacturing and the primary sector or the raw materials. The tertiary sector contains the manufacture of services as an alternative of end products. Services consist of responsiveness, information, knowledge, access, discussion, and affective labor. 

Myofilaments represent which organizational level of anatomy?

Answers

Myofilaments represent CHEMICAL level of organizational anatomy.

There are six levels of organization in anatomy such as chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, system level and organismal level. Myofilaments are the filaments of myofibrils that are present inside the muscle cells. These are chemical level of organization because these are proteins either myosin or actin. 
Final answer:

Myofilaments, which include actin and myosin, represent the smallest organizational level in muscle tissue. They combine to form myofibrils, these form muscle fibers, and then fascicles.

Explanation:

In the context of muscle anatomy, the term myofilaments refers to the smallest components of muscle tissue, including actin and myosin, which are vital to muscle contraction. These myofilaments are organized into a structure called a sarcomere, which is considered the smallest contractile unit of a muscle.

The organization level, from smallest to largest, is as follows: myofilament (filament), myofibril, muscle fiber, fascicle. Each increasing level of organization involves a greater number of bundled units. For example, myofilaments assemble to create myofibrils, multiple myofibrils come together to form a muscle fiber, and groups of muscle fibers are bundled into fascicles.

Learn more about myofilaments here:

https://brainly.com/question/36246145

#SPJ6

20 points
Jordan carries out various administrative duties of the courts. The duties include receiving, filing, maintaining, and safeguarding court records, issuing processes, entering judgments and orders, and managing finances. Which role does Jordon perform in the courtroom?
A)court reporter
B)court clerk
C)bailiff
D)judge

Answers

The best answer is B)court clerk. 

The court clerk is responsible for several administrative duties, such as those described above, and also taking oaths of all relevant parties in a court case. 

In a computer program, ____ can enforce a division of labor.

Answers

Hello

In a computer program, functions can enforce a division of labor.

Good luck!

What program begins with a thirteen-week reintegration treatment program that attempts to improve offenders' basic socialization skills, to stop their use or abuse of drugs, and to provide them with employment and/or an educational opportunity?

Answers

This kind of program could be like rehabilitation such as may be provided in a half-way house for people coming out of jail which is designed to help the ex-prisoners to stop the use of illicit drugs, improve socialization skills and find meaningful employment so they can get back on their feet again. Where I live in the province of BC in Canada, it is law that a person can not be barred from employment if his offence was not related to his/her work. 
Final answer:

The program that fits the description is rehabilitation.

Explanation:

The program that begins with a thirteen-week reintegration treatment program that attempts to improve offenders' basic socialization skills, stop their use or abuse of drugs, and provide them with employment and/or an educational opportunity is called rehabilitation.

A business owner makes 1000 items a day. each day he/she contributes 8 hours to produce those items. if hired, elsewhere he/she could have earned $250 an hour. the item sells for $15 each. production does not stop during weekends. if the explicit costs total $150,000 for 30 days, the economic profit for the month equals:

Answers

Accounting profit = total revenue - explicit cost

Total revenue = 1000 * 30 * 15 = 450,000

Explicit cost = 150,000

Accounting profit = 450,000 – 150,000 = 300,000


therefore, The economic profit for the month is 300,000

Other Questions
Why did the Second Continental Congress create a weak central government under the Articles of Confederation? Question 2 options: to run the independent states with limitless power to copy the government after that of Great Britain to stop abuse of power and tyranny by the central government to expand the taxation powers of the central government How did the Industrial Revolution change the lives of working people?A. Owners wanted more skilled workers.B. People were given higher wages.C. Workdays were not as long.D. Machines took over many jobs. What is one way that microorganisms can be beneficial to humans?A) Microorganisms cause disease. B) Microorganisms decompose wood. C) Microorganisms decay tooth enamel. D) Microorganisms are used to produce foods. x+3(x+1)=103 please help me. Carol perceived a neigh of releif when the horse was unhitched from the heavy sleigh. Which underlined word is misspelled? A. sleigh B. perceived C. neigh D. releif The linear function c = 2 y + 29 models the average cost of a haircut in a certain city, where c, is the average price of a haircut y years after 1995. find the slope for the model. then describe what this means in terms of the rate of change in the average cost of a haircut over time Describe the conditions that Continental soldiers faced during their winter at valley forge Which choices will help you cut back on expenses so that you can spend more money on promotions or advertising? Check all that apply.Move to a higher-rent building.Use less-expensive ingredients.Look for discounted or used machines.Hire a young employee at minimum wage Hire a manager to help the business grow Which sentence is written in a passive voice1. Rust had ruined the little red wagon.2. A siren cut the nights silent 3. The photographs had been taken by a friend of my grandfathers4. Wispy clouds floated in a clear blue sky Suppose for some firm that average total cost is minimized at q1 units of output. for a monopolistically competitive firm in long-run equilibrium, q1a. exceeds the level of output at which there is a point of tangency between the demand curve and the average total cost curve.b. exceeds the level of output at which marginal revenue equals marginal cost.c. is also the level of output at which marginal cost equals average total cost.d. all of the above are correct. __________ gathers information about competitors that allows managers to anticipate competitors' actions rather than merely react to them. Jaime has two fractio} , thns, 3/18 and 13/15 at he needs to compare. He knows he will not be able to tell which is bigger until they have been rewritten with the same denominator. Which of the following shows both of these fractions rewritten with their least common denominator? Find the value of the variables. 15 PTS!!{-12 -w^2} { 2k -81 } = {2f 3 } {-14 3 }I NEED YOUR HELP!! PLS! PLS! This is a matrix question. There are only two matrices, just in case you dont know what the question is. Pls find the variable values. HURRY BEST ANSWER GETS BRAINLIEST Which statement describes the movement of water when a cell shrinks and shrivels due to osmosis?A.Water went into the cell because the concentration of water inside the cell was lower than the concentration outside the cell.B.Water went out of the cell because the concentration of water inside the cell was higher than the concentration outside the cell.C.The cell membrane used energy to move water into the cell through passive transport.D.The cell membrane used energy to move water out of the cell through passive transport. What is the difference between kinetic and potential energy? what is the difference between kinetic and potential energy? kinetic energy is stored energy and has the capacity to do work; potential energy is expressed through motion. kinetic energy may eventually become potential energy, but potential energy cannot become kinetic energy. kinetic energy and potential energy are synonymous; they are defined as the capacity to do work, actively putting matter into motion. kinetic energy is energy in action, while potential energy is stored energy? Modern medical science contributed to all of the following significant demographic effects EXCEPT: A medicine has increased total fertility in industrialized societies B Modern medicine has resulted in a decrease in infant mortality C Modern medicine has resulted in an increase in life expectancy D Modern medicine has decreased fertility rates in traditional societies E Modern medicine has decreased total fertility rates in industrialized societies In the following conversation, which group discussion technique does Ramona most clearly demonstrate?RAMONA:So we've all just read Tim Johnson's biography on the 1950s actress Molly May. Now let's chat! Emily, what did you think of the reading? EMILY:I wasn't a huge fan. RAMONA:Can you point to anything specific that you did not like? A.Asking a forced-choice question B.Asking questions to keep things moving C.Asking research questions to generate leads D.Asking a rhetorical question A man stands out at the end of the diving board, which is supported by two springs a and b, each having a stiffness of k = 15 kn/m. in the position shown the board is horizontal. if the man has a mass of 40kg, determine the angle of tilt which the board makes with the horizontal after he jumps off. neglect the weight of the board and assume it is rigid. There is only room for one more person in the backseat of the car _____ my aunty is too fat. In north which group was most likely to face conscription into the military Steam Workshop Downloader