{{FIFTY POINTS}} could someone help me place five birds on a cladogram, and explain why you put them where you did?
Answers
Answer:
In the cladogram, I've put the pelican further away from the other birds Because it has a different order that the birds .The other birds are in order "Passeriformes" and the pelican is in order"Pelecaliforms"
(Refer to the attachment)
In constructing a cladogram for five birds, we utilize cladistics to group birds based on shared characteristics and common ancestry.
When placing five birds on a cladogram, one would begin by identifying shared characteristics that define different clades. Cladistics is the method used for this purpose, which sorts organisms into groups called clades based on common ancestry. In constructing a cladogram, we would start with the most recent common ancestor and work our way outwards, placing species that share more recent ancestors closer together on the cladogram.
To exemplify, consider birds A, B, C, D, and E. Let's say birds A and B share a very recent common ancestor indicative of a specific adaptation, such as elongated beaks for accessing deep nectar sources. They would be placed as sister species. Birds C, D, and E might possess another shared trait, such as similar migratory patterns, suggesting that they diverged from a different common ancestor more recently than the split between A/B and C/D/E. Therefore, C, D, and E would be grouped together, with lines spreading out to depict their divergence based on the order in which their unique traits emerged.
The explanations for placing each bird where it is on the cladogram come from a thorough understanding of their evolutionary relationships, informed by morphological, genetic, and behavioral data. In the context of placing reptiles and birds in the same clade, this is based on significant evidence indicating that birds evolved from reptilian ancestors. This is why in phylogenetic classification, birds are included in the same clade as modern reptiles.
Related Questions
Thyroid-stimulating hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to secrete sex hormones. true or false
Answers
Answer:
False
Explanation:
The thyroid gland cannot secrete sex hormones lol
To protect endangered species from becoming extinct, it’s highly recommended to raise the animals in protected areas such as zoos and wildlife sanctuaries. Although this step could protect them, what challenges do the animals face when these methods are used?
Answers
Zoos might help in protecting endangered species from extinction but trapping and keep them in unnatural environment is bad for their health as they limited space to roam around which leads to shorter life expectancy at times.
Challenges of animals in zoo :-Zoos are problematic from ethical point of view. Animals living in unnatural environment shows alteration in their behavior and such conditions may develop serious mental issues in them. Many times staff in wildlife sanctuaries aren't trained this leads to lack of individual treatment of animal. Most of the zoos doesn't really care about animals they use animals for profitable purposes. Zoos might not able to protect endangered species if the conditions are poor there too.
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Which of the following describes the difference in stimuli required to detect a difference between the stimuli?A. just noticeableB. signal detectionC. subliminalD. top down
Answers
Answer:
A. Just noticeable
Explanation:
examines our psychological experiences of physical stimuli. ... the just noticeable difference between two stimuli - the minimum amount of change required for a person to detect a difference. The louder or heavier or more of something that is occuring, the bigger the difference will need to be in order to detect it.
What compound provides the reducing power for the calvin cycle reactions?
Answers
Answer=ATP
(Chemical energy)
The compound NADPH provides the reducing power for the Calvin cycle reactions in photosynthesis. It facilitates the conversion of the three-carbon compound, 3-PGA, into another similar compound called G3P. ATP in conjunction with NADPH helps in conversion of atmospheric carbon dioxide into carbohydrates.
Explanation:The compound that provides the reducing power for the Calvin cycle reactions is NADPH (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate). During the Calvin cycle, NADPH uses its stored energy to convert the three-carbon compound, 3-PGA, into another three-carbon compound called G3P which is reduction reaction. In the various stages of the Calvin cycle namely fixation, reduction, and regeneration, NADPH plays a pivotal role in helping these reactions to proceed by providing the necessary electrons.
Easy to understand yet detailed example would be the energy input required for six turns of the Calvin cycle, this includes 12 ATP and 12 NADPH molecules in the reduction step and 6 additional ATP molecules in the regeneration step. This dataset explains how important NADPH is for the functioning of the Calvin cycle.
Another significant compound involved is ATP. Together ATP and NADPH convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into carbohydrates using their energy and reducing power.
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Where does glycolysis take place in eukaryotic cells
Answers
Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of nearly all living cells. It's an anaerobic process that breaks down glucose to extract energy for cellular metabolism. Glucose enters the cell through secondary active transport and facilitated diffusion via GLUT proteins.
Explanation:Glycolysis, which is the first step in the breakdown of glucose to extract energy for cellular metabolism, occurs in the cytoplasm of cells. This process is a key component of cellular metabolism in nearly all living organisms, including both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Glycolysis does not use oxygen directly and is therefore termed anaerobic. In eukaryotic cells, the cytoplasm, the region outside the organelles but within the cell membrane, is where glycolysis occurs.
Glucose, which provides most of the energy for living cells, enters these cells in two main ways. One is via secondary active transport, which occurs against the glucose concentration gradient. The other involves a group of integral proteins known as GLUT proteins, or glucose transporter proteins. These transport proteins enable facilitated diffusion of glucose into the cells.
The near universal occurrence of glycolysis in life forms — from simple bacteria to complex human cells — hints that this biochemical process appeared early in the evolution of life and has been preserved due to its fundamental role in cellular energy production.
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Which type of leukocyte produces antibodies
Answers
Answer:
Lymphocyte, specifically, B-lymphocytes
Explanation:
Lymphocytes are a kind of white blood cells, or leukocytes. They are divided into two categories, which are B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes.
B-lymphocytes are the ones that produce antibodies and each b-lymphocyte produce a specific antibody. They are triggered by antigens that are specific to them, which stimulates the production of plasma cells, which are responsible for producing antibodies.
The type of leukocyte that produces antibodies is called a B-lymphocyte or B cell.
B cells are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune response. When the body is exposed to foreign substances, such as pathogens or antigens, B cells can recognize these molecules and produce antibodies to neutralize them.
When a B cell encounters an antigen that matches its specific receptor on its surface, it becomes activated. The activated B cell undergoes a process called clonal expansion, where it divides and produces many identical daughter cells called plasma cells. Plasma cells are responsible for the production and secretion of antibodies.
Therefore, B cells produce antibodies.
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Gene expression is the process whereby genetic information in the cell is used to produce proteins. This is referred to as the central dogma. Match the descriptions of the components of gene expression with the correct terms.
A.The molecule that carries information from the DNA specifying a polypeptide to ribosomes.
B. The synthesis of an RNA copy of a gene.
C. The synthesis of a specific sequence of amino acids on a ribosome.
D. A molecule found in the nucleus of cell that contains the cell's genome.
E. A molecule made of amino acids that correspond to the genetic information in a structural gene.
DNA
TranscriptionmRNA
Polypeptide
Translation
Answers
A. mRNA
B. Transcription
C. Translation
D. DNA
E. Polypeptide
Transcription is the creation of an RNA from a DNA template. The mRNA carries genetic information to ribosomes for translation, where a specific sequence of amino acids, forming a polypeptide, is constructed. The DNA in the nucleus of the cell holds the information for these processes.
Explanation:The process of gene expression involves several key steps and components:
Transcription refers to the synthesis of an RNA copy of a gene (B).mRNA, or messenger RNA, is the molecule that carries information from the DNA specifying a polypeptide to ribosomes (A).Translation is the synthesis of a sequence of amino acids on a ribosome based on the information conveyed by the mRNA (C).DNA is the molecule found in the nucleus of a cell containing the cell's genome. It is the blueprint for building the body's proteins (D).A Polypeptide is a molecule made of amino acids that correspond to the genetic information in a structural gene. These polypeptides fold into complex shapes to form proteins (E).Learn more about Gene Expression here:https://brainly.com/question/33276216
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The function of the ciliary escalator is to
Answers
The ciliary escalator removes foreign particles and mucus from the respiratory system.
It is a respiratory tract process that aids in the removal of inhaled particles and mucus from the airways.
The ciliary escalator is made up of cilia, which are small hair-like structures that line the respiratory epithelium.
The cilia beat in unison, resulting in a wave-like action. Mucus, trapped particles, and bacteria are moved upward, away from the lungs, by this action.
Thus, by promoting the evacuation of undesirable particles and mucus, the ciliary escalator plays an important function in maintaining the cleanliness and health of the respiratory system.
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A group of organisms that changes over time is said to
Answers
Answer:
The answer is evolution.
A group of organisms that changes over time is said to evolve. Evolution refers to the process where a group of organisms undergoes gradual changes over time, usually leading to species diversification and often increasing complexity.
Explanation:A group of organisms that changes over time can be said to evolve. This relates to the biological concept of evolution. Evolution is the process where an entity, usually a group of living organisms, undergoes gradual changes over time, leading to species diversification and often increasing complexity. For instance, over time, due to natural selection, a group of organisms might develop new abilities or physical characteristics that help them to survive and reproduce better in their environment.
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Animals have a variety of adaptations,including trachea and gills, which allow this key process to occur. Which provides the molecules necessary for cellular respiration and efficient ATP synthesis?
Answers
Which is what the trachea and gills do, by exchanges gases with the environment
Answer:
Gas exchange
Explanation:
Trachea and gills are part of the respiratory system in organisms. These structures serve in gas exchange. The process of gas exchange removes carbon dioxide and allows oxygen gas to enter the body.
Aerobic cellular respiration is the efficient process of ATP synthesis as it produces the maximum number of ATPs by complete oxidation of nutrients. The process of aerobic cellular respiration needs the presence of oxygen.
Hence, Animals have a variety of adaptations, including trachea and gills, which allow gas exchange to occur. Gas exchange provides the oxygen necessary for cellular respiration and efficient ATP synthesis.
in what age range and development area do individuals begin to have a stronge sense of identity and individualism?
age range. type answer her.
development area. type answer here.
Answers
Answer:
age range is between 3-6
Explanation:
by this age, human children are opinionated, discovering their own talents, and have a good sense of who they will become as adults.
Answer:
13-19 years old.
Adolescence.
Explanation:
Adolescence (13-19 years of age) is the age group where the individual has a great psychological development and begins to build his own image, creating his identity, changing the relationship with his parents, creating a strong individualism that will be totally connected to a proper and fickle identity.
This strong sense of indivudualism and the search for identity is generally the main factor in the malaise and the feeling of not fitting into the society that adolescents feel during this phase of psychological development.
PLEASE HELP! Dolphins and porpoises are closely related species. Name three pieces of evidence for evolution you could look at that would support this claim:
Answers
Answer:
Both the porpoise and dolphins are categorized in similar mammalian order Cetacea. Both exhibit streamlined body, their hindlimbs are vestigial, forelimbs got modified into flippers, and both primarily eat fish.
The porpoises and dolphins are evolutionarily closely associated as both are toothed whales, in comparison to another group of Baleen whales. All the individuals of Cetacea are the progenies of terrestrial ungulates. The primitive ancestors first originated into the sea about fifty million years ago, and about 35 million years ago, there took a partition in the two distinct lines, of these the toothed whales established a strong sense of echolocation.
Answer:
They have very similar anatomy.They are both of the order Cetacea and are toothed whales.
They both eat primarily the same diet of fish.
Learning that is not directly and immediately observable is called __________
Answers
is the answer for apex
You need to connect your doorbell. You should select the wire that will a) accept the flow of electrons, b) resist the flow of electrons, c) accept the flow of protons, d) resist the flow of protons
Answers
I hope this helps :)
What type of bonds link individual amino acids together?
Answers
Answer:
peptide bonds
Explanation:
Amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds. A peptide bond is formed in a condensation reaction between the amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) groups of two amino acids, releasing a molecule of water. This process repeats to form a protein.
Explanation:Amino acids are linked together through particular types of bonds known as peptide bonds. In the process of protein formation, each amino acid is brought together with the next through a successive series of these bonds. Essentially, the amine group (-NH2) of one amino acid and the carboxyl group (-COOH) of a second amino acid gets connected in a condensation reaction and forms a peptide bond. In this process, a molecule of water is released.
Example
For example, if you are trying to link the amino acid glycine with another amino acid, like alanine, a peptide bond would form between the carboxyl group of glycine and the amine group of alanine. This results in the creation of a short protein chain or peptide.
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In a series of experiments, Griffith infected mice with nonvirulent R-strain bacteria and highly virulent S-strain bacteria. Heat-killed S bacteria were nonvirulent. However, the nonvirulent heat-killed S bacteria and the nonvirulent R bacteria together produced a virulent mixture. What did this demonstrate?
A. The molecules present on the outside of bacteria determine whether it's virulent or nonvirulent.
B. A transforming principle in the S bacteria allowed the nonvirulent R strain to become virulent.
C. The translation of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and DNA is important in determining bacterial virulence.
D. The S-strain bacteria had not been killed completely.
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is B.A transforming principle in the S bacteria allowed the nonvirulent R strain to become virulent.
Explanation:
In the transformation experiments, conducted by Fredrick Griffith in 1928, he observed that heat-killed S-strain bacteria injected into mice did not kill them. When he injected a mixture of heat-killed S and live R-bacteria, the mice died. He concluded that the R-strain bacteria had somehow been transformed by the heat-killed S-strain bacteria. This occurred perhaps due to absorption of some transforming principal or substance by rough type bacteria from heat killed smooth bacteria. It had enabled the R-strain to synthesize a smooth polysaccharide coat and become virulent. This must be due to the transfer of the genetic material. However, the biochemical nature of genetic material was defined not from his experiments.
Answer:
the correct answer is :
B. ( A transforming principle in the S bacteria allowed the nonvirulent R strain to become virulent.)
Explanation:
According to Griffith's experiment, he used two strains of (Streptococcus pneumoniae ) which is bacteria infect mice causing pneumonia.
First strain: type |||-S (Smooth) bacteria, this bacteria is virulent, it has the ability to kill mice because it covers itself with smooth polysaccharide capsule that resist the immune system of mice, and this ability is according to the genetic traits inside its DNA.
Second strain: type ||-R (Rough) bacteria, this bacteria is non-virulent, it doesn't have this protective capsule so the immune system can resist it and it can't kill the mice on their own.
Steps of experiment :
Griffith killed the |||-S. by heat The remains of killed |||-S where added to the ||-R. bacteria He injected the mice with this mixture of ( heat-killed |||-S and ||-R )Observation:
The mice all died, However the virulent |||-S strain bacteria killed by heat
Conclusion:
The DNA of the |||-S strain bacteria survived the heat and transformed to ||-R, this means somehow, type |||-S bacteria still alive inside the type ||-R.This process called transforming principle, that allowed the nonvirulent R strain to become virulent.When Mendel crossed true–breeding pea plants that have inflated pods (PP) with those that have constricted pods (pp), it was observed that F1 offspring had a genotype of Pp. What would their phenotype be?
Answers
Answer:
constricted pods
Explanation:
the genotype would have the dominant phenotype with PP even though the recessive is included. The recessive is controlled or taken over by the dominant allele.
Answer:
What are the two phases of speciation?
(A) geographic isolation and variation
(B) adaptation and reproductive isolation
(C) adaptation and variation
(D) geographic isolation and reproductive isolation
ANSWER (D) geographic isolation and reproductive isolation
Explanation:
In 1953, Miller and Urey constructed an experiment that attempted to mimic the conditions leading to the formation of biomolecules on early Earth.
Part A: Construct a hypothesis statement that Miller and Urey might have made prior to conducting their experiment. Use an “if, then” format to write your statement. (1 point)
Part B: Describe in detail their experiment. Include what they used to simulate the conditions of early Earth, and what their results were. (3 points)
Answers
Answer:
A// If early conditions of primeval earth had ammonia, methane, hydrogen in its atmosphere, then it is possible that amino acids such as glycine, α-alanine, and β-alanine may have been spontaneously formed from chemical reactions spurred by energy from lightning.
Their hypothesis was that the early conditions of primeval earth favored the spontaneous formation of organic molecules, from inorganic precursors, that may have been the origin of life. This theory is called abiogenesis.
B//Miller Urey put methane, ammonia, hydrogen gases in a glass flask and a pool of water at the bottom of the glass flask. The flask was heated moderately to simulate the hot conditions then. Sparks were also occasionally induced in the flask to mimic lighting. The flask was then cooled slowly to simulate cooling of earth over time.After one day, they found the presence of some amino acids (glycine, α-alanine and β-alanine) was discovered in the water in the flask
Explanation:
^
Answer:
part a:If early conditions of primeval earth had ammonia, methane, hydrogen in its atmosphere, then it is possible that amino acids such as glycine, α-alanine, and β-alanine may have been spontaneously formed from chemical reactions spurred by energy from lightning.
Their hypothesis was that the early conditions of primeval earth favored the spontaneous formation of organic molecules, from inorganic precursors, that may have been the origin of life. This theory is called abiogenesis.
part b:Miller Urey put methane, ammonia, hydrogen gases in a glass flask and a pool of water at the bottom of the glass flask. The flask was heated moderately to simulate the hot conditions then. Sparks were also occasionally induced in the flask to mimic lighting. The flask was then cooled slowly to simulate cooling of earth over time.After one day, they found the presence of some amino acids (glycine, α-alanine and β-alanine) was discovered in the water in the flask
Explanation:
Explain three primary ways in which organisms depend on each other (symbiotic relationships)
Answers
Commensalism
Parasitism
Mutualism
8. What's the waste product of electrons and pyruvate combining in fermentation? A. Sulfuric acid B. Oxalic acid C. Citric acid D. Lactic acid
Answers
Answer:
Lactic acid
Explanation:
Fermentation may be defined as the breakdown of glucose molecule in the limited supply of oxygen with the help of microorganisms.
Pyruvate molecules and electrons waste product combine together in fermentation to yield lactic acid and two molecules of ATP. The transfer of electron from NADH to pyruvate molecule generates the lactic acid.
Thus, the correct answer is option (D).
Answer:
D. Lactic acid
Explanation:
Unlike a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell does not have
a. a cell membrane.
b. cytoplasm.
c. a nucleus.
d. DNA.
Answers
Prokaryotic cells, unlike eukaryotic cells, do not have a nucleus. They do however, have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and DNA, which are common features in all cells. option c.
Explanation:Unlike a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell does not have a nucleus. Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, are the simplest form of living organisms and they don't contain a nucleus to store their genetic material, while eukaryotic cells - such as human cells - contain a nucleus where the DNA is housed. Both cell types indeed have a cell membrane and cytoplasm. These common features are fundamental to cell existence and function. Therefore, the answer to your question is option c. a nucleus.
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Which if the following best describes why invertebrates isn’t considered a scientifically valid word when classifying animals
Answers
Answer:
I believe the answer is b.
Explanation:
All invertibrates share one charistic in common, they have no backbone.
Answer:
The correct answer is option D.
Explanation:
Invertebrates don’t have a common similarity in an anatomical structure that all have. They are different in their structure so they should not be grouped into one group.
All different groups of invertebrates have a different type of symmetry, composition, and anatomically different but there is not a common character except the fact that no one has vertebra.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
The study and manipulation of DNA on a molecular level is known as
a. biochemistry.
b. molecular genetics.
c. evolution.
d. genomes.
Answers
The study and manipulation of DNA on a molecuLar level is known as MolecuLar genetics. Thus the answer is C, Molecular genetics.In the field of biology and genetics, molecular genetics focuses on the study of the structure and function of genes at a molecular level.
What force draws the matter in an interstellar cloud together to form a star?
Question 4 options:
electric
gravity
magnetism
friction
Answers
Answer:
Gravity draws the matter in an interstellar cloud together to form a star.
Answer:
Option B, Gravity
Explanation:
Due to gravity, the matter with in the interstellar cloud collate together to form star.
A star form when the interstellar gas or dust (molecular dust) comes closer to form dense part under the influence of their own gravity. The core of a gas cloud is dense and hence it collapse first to form clump and then the outer gas collide to form more clumps. These clumps then get collate and get converted into protostars and later turn into fully developed star.
Hence, option B is correct
The part of the brain involved in controlling the body's overall reaction to stress is the
Answers
I think is the hypothalamus- pituitary-adrenal.
Can anybody help me with this? A single egg is a(n): It's not ovary. ovary ova ovum yolk
Answers
The egg cell, or ovum (plural ova), is the female reproductive cell (gamete) in oogamous organisms.
There is a liquid capsule inside a cup full of liquid. The cup full of liquid has salt in it and the liquid capsule has no salt in it. In which direction will the solvent flow? A. The salt does not have to move B. From the capsule to the larger cup C. Equally between the capsule and the cup D. From the larger cup to the capsule
Answers
Because of permeation, the salt will flow equally between the capsule and the larger cup in its quantity.
Hope this helps!
Answer:
The correct answer will be option- D.
Explanation:
The movement of solute, as well as solvent particles, depends on the concentration gradient of solute particles. The permeability of the membrane allows the movement of solute particles from higher concentration to lower concentration through osmosis.
In the given question, the capsule contains low solute concentration while cup water contains high solute concentration. As the solute particles move from the low concentration (capsule) to high concentration (cup water) therefore the water will move from the cup water to the capsule.
Thus, option-D is the correct answer.
Where are many natural gas drill sites located?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Did you mean the United States? If you did then Texas Oklahoma and California are the most likely places you would find Natural Gas. Natural Gas and Oil do go together and those states were where the major oil finds were.
Why is a mushroom considered a heterotroph
Answers
Answer:
D.) It obtains nutrients from it's environment.
Explanation:
Answer:
A mushroom is considered a heterotroph because it gets it's nutrients from the outside environment.
Explanation:
hope it helped!
Which of the following galaxies do not have a regular structure? A. Spiral galaxies B. Elliptical and barred spiral galaxies C. Irregular galaxies D. Irregular and elliptical galaxies
Answers
Answer:
Correct answer is C. Irregular galaxies
Explanation:
An irregular galaxy is a galaxy which does not have a well-defined structure and is not identical to an elliptical or a spiral galaxy. Irregular galaxies do not fall into any class of the galaxies having a distinct size and shape.
These galaxies are rich in dust and gas and do not have a smooth appearance. They appear rough and chaotic in structure when observed through a telescope. Furthermore, these are the type of galaxies which are still not fully understood by the astronauts.
Answer:
C Irregular Galaxies :)
Explanation:
Unlike Spiral & Elliptical galaxies, an Irregular galaxy does not have a defined shape/structure. Basic astronomy. 100%.