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Answer:

The overall purpose of the light-dependent reactions is to convert solar energy into chemical energy in the form of NADPH and ATP. This chemical energy will be used by the Calvin cycle to fuel the assembly of sugar molecules.

Explanation:

Answer: Lactic acid fermentation

Explanation:

The lactic acid fermentation can be defined as the process by which sugar is being converted into lactic acid.

There is no emission of carbon dioxide during the whole process. In case of curd formation. The bacteria convert the milk into curd and provides it a sour taste.

It is converted by help of bacteria known as Lactobacillus acidophillus. This method is very frequently in many of food processing industry.

Answer:

Urban sprawl has caused a lot of damage to ecosystems and the environment. Since the owl ecosystem is in question, the following two effects are seen-

1. Loss of food

2. Loss of habitat

Explanation:

Urban sprawl is the process by which urbanization is taking place by destroying forests and constructing buildings and cities. The owl is a nocturnal bird that sleeps during the day and preys at night. The owl feeds on small rodents, grasshoppers, snakes etc. They live in trees, farmlands, prairie, etc.

If the forests are cut, the trees where the owls reside will be lost. They will become homeless and will have to move elsewhere to find food.

Since they feed on rodents, these rodents hide in the grass and under the trees. If the grass and trees are destroyed to make roads and buildings, the owl will remain hungry and will eventually die if it does not relocate.

Answer: the type of composting in which some species of earthworms are used to enhance the process of organic waste conversion and produce a better end product it is the process of utilizing microorganism and earthworms

Final answer:

Vermin composting is the biological process that uses worms and micro-organisms to break down organic waste into nutrient-rich compost, with various organisms interacting within this ecosystem.

Explanation:

Vermin composting, also known as vermicomposting, is the process of using various species of worms, such as red wigglers or earthworms, to decompose organic food waste, turning it into a nutritious soil amendment known as vermicompost. This composting process involves both physical and chemical decomposition facilitated by the worms and an array of micro-organisms. A compost pile may exhibit heat due to the exothermic reactions of decomposition, and sometimes interesting organisms such as slime molds can be found growing on compost.

Some complex ecosystems, like those in an underground garden, could involve organisms like fungi interacting with leaf litter and waste to create food sources, such as the nodular proliferations used by certain ants. The resulting compost is rich in nutrients, improving soil structure and fertility when applied to gardens and crop fields. This kind of composting not only recycles waste but also reduces landfill use and enhances plant growth.

Answer:

Evolutionary process could cause several species to evolve into several hundred species

Explanation:

Being an evolutionary process, it gives rise to new species in more numbers. It is caused because of mutation upon a certain population for a long time. Various other mechanism can also lead to speciation. Another thing is also responsible for it that is genetic drift which leads to random ups and down in the population frequencies. That is helpful in evolution of several other species. Natural selection is also an factor for large evolution and species formation

Answer:

The organism to have maximum energy would be the algae since ii will be at the lowest level. so the answer is 'B'.

Explanation:

The pyramid of energy shows the flow of energy from one trophic level to other. The lowest trophic level is occupied by the producers. In this case algae acts as the producer. Krill acts as the primary consumer, followed by leopard seal as the secondary consumer and finally killer whale as the tertiary consumer. The lowest trophic level contains maximum energy.

As we go upwards, only 10% of the energy gets transferred to the next trophic level.

Final answer:

The organism occupying the level on an energy pyramid with the most energy is typically a producer. In the provided options, option b. algae, as a producer, would have the most energy available to it.

Explanation:

The organism that would occupy the level on an energy pyramid with the most energy is typically a producer. In an energy pyramid, energy decreases as it moves up each level, starting with the most energy at the base with producers and the least energy at the top with apex predators. Therefore, in the options provided, option b. algae, being a producer, would occupy the level with the most energy. Organisms like krill are primary consumers and eat producers like algae. Small fish are secondary consumers and eat primary consumers like krill. Seals are tertiary consumers and would feed on secondary consumers like small fish. Apex predators, such as killer whales, occupy the highest trophic level and would therefore have the least amount of energy available to them in the energy pyramid because of energy loss at each trophic transfer.

Answer:

b

Explanation:

Answer:

Controlled experiment

Explanation:

A controlled experiment is a type of experimentation that is done under controlled conditions. The procedure entails changing or manipulating one (sometimes more than one) variable or factor at a time, but keeping everything else the same between the groups.

This is done to ensure that the factor or variable they are testing is what elicits any changes in the subject. One group is always kept in normal or standard conditions, to serve as a base line to compare to.  

Answer:Chemical Composition

Explanation:

none of the others make even the simplest of sense.

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Enzymes are proteins functioning as catalysts that speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy. A simple and succinct definition of an enzyme is that it is a biological catalyst that accelerates a chemical reaction without altering its equilibrium.

Answer:

The process in which two chromosomes exchange DNA during prophase of meiosis is called HOMOLOGOUS RECOMBINATION

Explanation:

This process occur in the prophase 1 of meiosis where DNA exchange occurs

Answer:

A

Explanation:

The data shows us the bubbles produced per minute when the light source is at different distances away from the plant. The closer the light source is to the plant, the greater the light intensity. In the table, there are a larger amount of bubbles produced the closer the light source is to the plant. Therefore, the data supports that the higher the light intensity, the more gas produced by the plant, i.e. option A

The data does not tell us anything about water uptake by the plant (as in B). The data also does not tell us anything about the energy required for photosynthesis (as in C), or how much carbon dioxide is needed (as in D).

Answer:

Hi!

The answer is (C) Both (a) and (b)

Explanation:

Drug Metabolism:

Glutathione Conjugation:

Glutathione is a tripeptide found in most tissues, particularly in the liver. It performs important detoxification functions for all cells. The enzyme, glutathione S-transferase conjugates glutathione with drug intermediates to form a drug-glutathione conjugate. This conjugate can easily be excreted through bile or urine.

Amino acid Conjugation:

This is an important reaction in xenobiotic biotransformation; particularly for xenobiotics with carboxylic group or an aromatic hydroxylamine groups. Drug intermediates combine with glycine or glutamine to form an amino acid conjugate.

Explanation:

B. Hypothesis

A scientist comes up with a hypothesis which is a testable explanation for the phenomenon or what’s occurring

A prediction of the outcome is usually made based on the hypothesis...

Further Explanation:

Scientific investigations usually begin with observations. These are typically something that would catch the researcher’s attention. Then, the scientist comes up with a hypothesis which is a testable explanation for the phenomenon or what’s occurring a prediction is usually made based on the hypothesis.

A prediction of the outcome is usually made based on the hypothesis, after which it is tested via an experiment. The scientist then use the results to make new hypotheses or predict certain outcomes.

Learn more about the scientific method at brainly.com/question/5096428

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Question 1:

Answer:

The "first line of defence" in innate immunity is "Physical and chemical barriers".

Explanation

"Physical and chemical barriers" is first line of defence includes  that are  ready to defend the living organism's body from infection at any time . These barriers include your skin, cilia, tears, urine flow, mucus, stomach acid, friendly bacteria and white blood cells . Skin acts as a mechanical barrier as it does not allows all the organism to pass through it unless the skin is cut or open. Similarly mouth eyes, and nose are also the ways through with the disease causing organism can enter the body. The micro-organisms that entered through these pathways are trapped either in saliva or mucus and swallowed and later either killed in the stomach or flushed out via the urine. If this first line of defence is broken or damaged, the second line of defence inside our body will be activated.

Question 2:

Answer:

Histamine kinins, and interleukins are examples of inflammatory mediators.

Explanation:

Inflammatory mediators are identified in inflammatory bowel disease IBD.These mediators play an vital role in the clinical and pathologic characteristics of the disorders. Cytokines, that are released by macrophages in due to antigenic stimuli, are binded different receptors and produce endocrine, autocrine and paracrine effects.  Interleukins are a subset of a large group of 'cellular messenger molecules' called cytokines that modulates the cellular behaviour. Interleukins are not stored within cells like cytokines but they are released immediately, in response to a stimulus. Once an interleukin has been secreted, it moves to the target cell and binds to it through a receptor molecule on the surface of the cell . This interaction triggers a sequence of  signals in the target cell that ultimately leads to the alteration in the behaviour of the cell.

In a direct democracy, power is inherited rather than allocated through elections.

Answer: Option A

Explanation:

Direct democracy means where the citizens can participate in making decisions. Here citizens possess the right to vote against issues instead of a candidate or party. Here everyone has the right to take decisions. It’s a participatory kind of democracy where the decisions are affected by the people.

If a group is affected because of an issue they can directly apply for a recall. Here the direct interaction of people plays a vital role. In most countries this direct democracy is not in practice as it was outsmarted by bunch of elites who wanted to monopolize power.

Answer:

0

Explanation:

The parent plants are each heterozygous for round seeds and heterozygous for wrinkled seeds. Each parent contributes one allele to the offspring plant. As such, the only possible genotype of all offspring plants would be Rr (which would have round seeds as round seeds allele is dominant). Hence, no offspring can have wrinkled seeds.

Answer: 0%

Explanation: The parent plants are each heterozygous for round seeds and heterozygous for wrinkled seeds. Each parent contributes one allele to the offspring plant.

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Answer:

Hello!

The answer is D) Homeostasis

Explanation:

Homeostasis:

The regulation of a cell or an animal's internal environment in response to fluctuations in the external environment is called homeostasis.

Homeostasis is crucial to maintain an optimum environment for cell structures to work effectively.

In this case, the jackrabbiit's circulatory system is responding to fluctuating temperatures. In hot days, the body is at risk of heating up above optimum temperature which could hamper body functions. Therefore, the blood flow to the ears is increased to facilitate heat loss.

In cold temperatures, the blood flow to the ears is decreased to conserve heat for vital body organs. The blood flow is directed to the core of the body to protect the heart, lungs, liver and brain.

Final answer:

The jackrabbit's circulatory system adapts to temperature changes by regulating blood flow to its ears, directly relating to homeostasis, which maintains a stable internal environment in varying temperatures.

Explanation:

The jackrabbit's circulatory system facilitates the regulation of body temperature, a phenomenon known as homeostasis. On hot days, vasodilation occurs, increasing blood flow to the jackrabbit's ears where heat can be dissipated through radiation and evaporative cooling. Conversely, on cooler nights, vasoconstriction minimizes blood flow to the ears to conserve body heat. This pattern directly relates to homeostasis because it is a way for the organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite the varying external temperatures.

Answer:

The answer is: A. They belong to the same group of the periodic table.

Explanation:

Chemical properties of an element are determined by the number of electrons in its valence shell; also known as its electronic configuration. Elements that belong in the same group of the periodic table possess similar chemical properties due to similarity in the number of valence electrons.

Answer:

The 2 ways abiotic factors affect biotic factors are as follows:

Explanation:

Abiotic Factors:

All non-living factors that is present or influences an ecosystem. Abiotic factors determine the dynamics of an ecosystem such as the terrain, the atmosphere as well as the inhabitant flora and fauna. Water, sunlight, oxygen, temperature, and soil are all abiotic factors.

Biotic Factors:

All living factors in an ecosystem i.e. the plants and animals.

Lets analyze all the options:

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Animals absorb carbon and energy by eating plants or other animals.

Answer:

This very long molecule of DNA is called chromosome.

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation: rnvnuvibleruvbvuheowibvuivwencjerijedneieru freck you

Answer:

Lining up of chromosomes in the cell .

Explanation:

Prophase begins with the Thickening of chromosome. Chromosomes are clearly visible inside the nucleus. each chromosome splits longitudinally to form two chromatids.

The centriole in the centrosome of animal cell divides into two. The centrosphere set the centrioles free. Centrioles develop very fine eye-lash like thread called aster rays. the two asters start moving towards the opposite poles. By the end of prophase they reach at the opposite poles.

Answer:

It is difficult to eliminate a recessive allele that expresses a detrimental trait because the carriers are usually asymptomatic & the disease is not phenotypically expressed until it is present as a homozygous pair.

This has been one of the many challenges of Eugenics.

Explanation:

Answer:

1) vacuole= ur school canteen (if u hve one)

2) chloroplast = ur science teachers

3) lysosomes= ur MATH TEACHER!!!!!!!!! lol

4)NUCLEUS=UR PRINCIPAL'S OFFICE

5)Golgi body = ur school bus

6) cell wall= guards at ur school

I think it’s c

Primarily, lactic acid fermentation differs from ethyl alcohol fermentation in that lactic acid, rather than ethanol, is the resulting by-product. When exposed to oxygen, lactic acid molecules break down into carbon dioxide and water.

Answer:

Surface processes related to the effects of wind are called EROSION

Explanation:

Erosion is the removal of top soil, dissolved minerals, rocks from one location to another