False!
Homeostasis is consistently at work in the body. This is because our external environment is always changing and our internal environment (aka our organs) needs to accomodate
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~Just a girl in love with Shawn Mendes
How does a shark's cardiovascular system differ from that of a mammal?
A shark's cardiovascular system flows in one loop, called the double circulatory system. Where as with mammals it is more like a tree, veins branching out from the heart and off other blood vessels.
4. What is Ralph's attitude about Simon?chapter 10 lord of the flies
Ralph’s attitude was that he was reflective and forthright about his actions for the previous night of assisting in the murder of Simon
Btw This Book Is Well..... ugh
1. Imagine that you and your colleagues are working in a lab to develop a protein synthesis system for a new type of synthetic cell. During your brainstorming sessions, you propose that polycistronic mRNA would be much more useful than mRNA that is only translated into one protein. This would allow for multiple proteins necessary for a particular function to be translated together. One of your colleagues says that is a good idea, but if you decide to go with polycistronic mRNA, you’d better make sure to use a prokaryotic translation system. Why might it be problematic to use a eukaryotic translation system with polycistronic mRNA?
Answer:
Eukaryotic translation system couldn't translate polycistronic mRNA into multiple proteins because it requires 5′-cap for the initiation of translation and there is only one 5' cap in polycistronic mRNA
Explanation:
Polycistronic mRNA is found in prokaryotic organisms. Polycistronic mRNA is synthesized during the transcription of prokaryotic operon-structure within prokaryotic genome in which multiple different genes are under the control of one promotor. Polycistronic mRNA might undergo splicing to create monocistronic mRNAs which will be translated separately into few products (proteins).
Final answer:
In a eukaryotic translation system, polycistronic mRNA would be problematic because eukaryotic mRNAs require extensive processing and are typically monocistronic, whereas prokaryotic systems can directly translate polycistronic mRNA due to concurrent transcription and translation in the cytoplasm.
Explanation:
The use of polycistronic mRNA would be problematic in a eukaryotic translation system because eukaryotes typically process monocistronic mRNAs that encode for only a single polypeptide. Eukaryotic mRNAs must undergo several processing steps such as capping, polyadenylation, and splicing before they can be transported out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm for translation. Furthermore, the eukaryotic system does not naturally support the concurrent transcription and translation of mRNA because these processes occur in separate compartments within the cell—the nucleus and the cytoplasm respectively.
In contrast, in prokaryotic cells like bacteria, transcription and translation can occur concurrently in the cytoplasm and the mRNAs do not require the extensive processing that eukaryotic mRNAs do. This allows for polycistronic mRNAs that encode multiple proteins, which are often related in function and regulated together, to be translated efficiently by the prokaryotic ribosomes. These differences are fundamental to why prokaryotic translation systems are compatible with polycistronic mRNA, and why such mRNA would be problematic in eukaryotic cells.
The shorthand used by chemists to denote fatty acids is based on which guideline
Answer:
The first number indicates the number of carbon atoms and the second number indicates the number of double bonds.
You discover a new species of ape that is more closely related to gorillas than to any other species of ape, but walks upright. How would you change the phylogeny below?
a. I would branch the gorilla lineage and add the new species sister to gorillas.b. I would not change the phylogeny at all because only molecular data are considered when studying evolutionary relationships.c. I would not change the phylogeny at all until a fossil of the new species is found because fossil evidence is a required component of the data set.d. I would group gorillas with humans based on the synapomorphy (shared trait) of upright stance.
Answer:
a
Explanation:
According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, individuals who survive are the ones best adapted for their environment. What is survival due to?
Answer:
adaptations, heritable traits that help them survive and reproduce in their environment (have the highest fitness)
Explanation:
According to Darwin's theory of evolution, natural selection is the main mechanism. Darwin explains that organisms that have heritable traits that help them survive and reproduce, will be favorable by natural selection. Those favorable traits will enable organism to better adapt to their environment and to pass more genes on to the next generation (offspring).
Organisms adapt to their environment by changing their behavior, structural traits or physiology as a response to environmental change, so that they become well suited to it.
Answer:
variations best suited for the environment
Explanation:
Which best represents the law of conservation of mass?
Answer:
matter can not be created of destroyed but changed
Explanation:
Answer:
The law of conservation of mass states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. This means that the total mass of the reactants must equal the total mass of the products.
Let's consider an example to understand this concept. Suppose you have a chemical reaction where 2 grams of hydrogen gas (H2) react with 16 grams of oxygen gas (O2) to form water (H2O). According to the law of conservation of mass, the total mass of the reactants (2 grams + 16 grams = 18 grams) must be equal to the total mass of the products (18 grams of water).
In this example, the law of conservation of mass is observed because the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products. No mass is lost or gained during the chemical reaction.
In summary, the law of conservation of mass states that the total mass of the reactants in a chemical reaction is equal to the total mass of the products. This law helps us understand that matter is conserved during chemical reactions and provides a fundamental principle in chemistry
Explanation:
Guanine is used as a building block for what macromolecule?
Answer:
Nucleic acids
Explanation:
Nucleic acids are made up of monomers called, nucleotides. These nucleotides are made up of five bases attached to a 5-cabon sugar and phosphate. The five bases that make up nucleotides are guanine, cytosine, adenine, thymine, and uracil.
Nucleic acids are the building blocks of every living thing. An example of a nucleic acid, is DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid. Another would be RNA or ribonucleic acid.
Guanine is a building block for the macromolecules DNA and RNA. It is a type of purine, a nitrogenous base in DNA and RNA. The nucleotide, which comprises of guanine, forms the monomer of these nucleic acids.
Explanation:Guanine is a building block for the macromolecule Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic Acid (RNA). DNA and RNA are key macromolecules in the continuity of life. They carry the genetic blueprint of a cell and instructions for its functioning.
Guanine is categorized as a purine, one of the two types of nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA, the other being pyrimidines. The nucleotide, the monomer of nucleic acids, consists of a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base such as guanine.
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The somatic nervous system can alter the activities of its targets, the skeletal muscle fibers, because A) it is electrically coupled by gap junctions to the muscles. B) its signals bind to receptor proteins on the muscles. C) its signals reach the muscles via the blood.
Answer:
B) its signals bind to receptor proteins on the muscles
Explanation:
Somatic nervous system is together with autonomic nervous system part of the peripheral nervous system. Its role is to control the movements of skeletal muscles which means that this nervous system is under the voluntary control (unlike autonomic which is involuntary nervous system). Somatic system consists of two types of nerves:
sensory or afferent nerves-carry the information from the stimulus detector (receptor) to the central nervous system (CNS)motor nerves (efferent nerves)-carry the information from CNS to the effectors (skeletal muscles).The axons of the efferent nerves form a neuromuscular junction with the effector cells, muscle cells.
Why does a constant growth rate produce a j-shaped curve?
In the hierarchy of levels of gene regulation, in what order do the following levels of regulation take place? (1) post-translational modification(2) RNA processing(3) transcription(4) chromatin remodeling(4)-(1)-(2)-(3)(4)-(3)-(2)-(1)(4)-(2)-(3)-(1)(1)-(3)-(2)-(4)(1)-(2)-(3)-(4)
Answer:
(4)-(3)-(2)-(1)
Explanation:
Gene expression is regulated at many levels:
Chromatin remodeling regulation includes altered histone modifications such as methylation which can regulate gene expression (up or down).Transcription is regulated via transcriptional factors and specificity factors such as repressors and activators.RNA processing can be regulated through the alternative splicing (different introns can be excised and combinations of different exons connected)post-translational modification refers to modification of proteins after being synthesized.Which cell organelle is the site of cellular respiration
Answer:
Mitochondria is the site of cellular respiration.
The mitochondrion is the cell organelle where cellular respiration occurs, producing ATP, the cell’s main energy-carrying molecule, by utilizing glucose and oxygen, and releasing carbon dioxide as a waste product.
Explanation:The organelle that is the site of cellular respiration is the mitochondrion (mitochondria, plural). Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse or energy factories of both plant and animal cells. They are responsible for the creation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the main energy-carrying molecule for the cell. ATP stores the cell's short-term energy, which is used in various cellular processes. During cellular respiration, glucose and other nutrients are metabolized to produce ATP while using oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide as a byproduct. Therefore, each exhaled breath contains carbon dioxide generated from these cellular reactions in the mitochondria, indicating their essential role in energy production and respiration.
Mitochondria are oval-shaped, double-membrane organelles that have their own DNA and ribosomes, reflective of their prokaryotic ancestry, supported by the endosymbiotic theory. Their inner membrane folds, known as cristae, and the mitochondrial matrix play distinct roles in cellular respiration, including the Krebs Cycle and the electron transport chain.
For which of the following processes can dideoxyribonucleotides be used?
A) separate DNA fragments
B) produce cDNA from mRNA
C) sequence a DNA fragment
D) visualize DNA expression
Answer:
Sequence a DNA fragment.
Explanation:
Dideoxyribonucleotides may be defined as the DNA molecule that lacks hydroxyl group at 2 and 3 position of the pentose sugar. These molecule are important in the molecular biology.
The sequencing of a DNA fragment means to determine the sequence of the nucleotides in a DNA molecule. The dideoxyribonucleotides is used to tag the target DNA fragment and known the sequence of the target DNA molecule.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C).
Dideoxyribonucleotides are used in the process of sequencing a DNA fragment, primarily through a technique known as the Sanger method.
Explanation:Dideoxyribonucleotides are primarily used in the process of sequencing a DNA fragment. This is done through a method known as the Sanger method, or dideoxy sequencing. In this process, dideoxyribonucleotides, which are nucleotides lacking a 3' hydroxyl group on the sugar moiety, are incorporated into the growing DNA chain during replication. This leads to termination of the chain, as further nucleotides cannot be added without this hydroxyl group. By using dideoxyribonucleotides tagged with different fluorescent markers, one can determine the sequence of the fragment by looking at the terminal nucleotide on each of the replicated strands.
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What is the term for a change in the relative frequencies of alleles in a population over several generations?
Answer:
Microevolution
Explanation:
Change in allele frequencies through time occurs via evolutionary mechanisms: mutation, natural (and artificial) selection, genetic drift, gene flow (migration).
Macroevolution also represents the change in allele frequencies but on larger time scale: while microevolution is at species level, macroevolution refer to all levels above species.
The term for a change in the relative frequencies of alleles in a population over generations is evolution. This can be due to various phenomena like genetic drift, which is random, and natural selection, which leads to advantageous changes.
Explanation:The term for a change in the relative frequencies of alleles in a population over several generations is known as evolution. In population genetics, evolution specifically refers a change in the frequency of an allele. Consider the ABO blood type system, the frequency of an allele, IA, is the number of copies of that allele divided by all the copies of the ABO gene in the population. Change in these frequencies over generations signify evolution. Additionally, allele frequencies can also change due to other phenomena like genetic drift and natural selection.
Genetic drift represents random changes to allele frequencies in a population, not due to any specific advantage, but often due to chance. For example, by chance, some individuals have more offspring than others, leading to a higher frequency of their alleles in the next generation.
Natural selection, on the other hand, leads to changes in allele frequencies that provide a survival or reproductive advantage in the current environment. For instance, if a particular allele confers a trait that increases survival or reproduction, its frequency will increase over generations.
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Osmosis is often viewed incorrectly as a process driven directly by differences in solute concentration across a selectively permeable membrane. What really drives osmosis?
The difference in water concentration across a selectively permeable membrane.
Osmosis is driven by the difference in water potential across a selectively permeable membrane. The movement of water also depends on the pressure potential and the concentration of solute inside and outside of the cell.
Explanation:Osmosis is primarily driven by the difference in water potential, not the difference in solute concentration, across a selectively permeable membrane. Water potential is the potential energy of water in a system compared to pure water, which allows movement across a cell membrane. This movement also depends on the pressure potential, and the concentration of solute in both the extracellular and intracellular space. Maximizing water potential causes water to flow from regions of high water potential (low solute concentration) to areas of low water potential (high solute concentration), until equilibrium is reached.
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Pelvic inflammatory disease salpingitis and endometriosis can lead to _______________ pregnancy
Answer:
Pelvic inflammatory disease salpingitis and endometriosis can lead to ectopic pregnancy.
Researchers may control factors that might influence a dependent variable by means of
A) random assignment.
B) replication.
C) naturalistic observation.
D) operational definitions.
Answer:
A) random assignment.
Explanation:
Random assignment is a technique used in experiments and it refers to putting a subjects of experiment into different experimental groups by chance (random). This is the best way to ensure that differences between formed groups are due to experimental treatment and to avoid experimenter bias.
Final answer:
Researchers can control factors influencing a dependent variable using random assignment in experimental research to ensure groups are equivalent and to allow for causal conclusions.
Explanation:
Researchers may control factors that might influence a dependent variable by means of random assignment. This is an essential component of experimental research, which involves the manipulation of an independent variable and the measurement of a dependent variable. The use of random assignment helps to create initial equivalence between the groups, thereby allowing researchers to draw causal conclusions from the experiment. For instance, when participants are randomly assigned to two groups, such as Group A and Group B, the idea is that, before the experimental manipulation takes place, each group is on average equivalent to the other on every possible variable which could include factors like parental discipline style, peer relationships, hormone levels, diet, and more. By controlling these variables, any observed changes in the dependent variable are more likely attributed to the independent variable's influence rather than other external factors.
Did alleles for drug resistance occur in bacterial populations that afflict humans, prior to the widespread use of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture?
Answer:
Yes, drug resistance existed before, but it increased after the widespread use of antibiotics
Explanation:
Drug resistances in bacteria usually occurs as a consequence of mutation. Individuals that carry the resistance mutation survive even after the treatment with antibiotics. So, these mutations are advantageous for bacteria and thus, become favourable by natural selection (natural selection is evolutionary mechanism which favours traits of an organism that help him survive and reproduce). Resistant bacteria that survived after the use of antibiotics had the favuoruable trait (resistance) by natural selection.
Bacteria can even transfer drug-resistance to other bacteria via the process of conjugation, transducton or transformation.
Jordan spills water on the pavement. He notices that water transitions from a liquid state to a vaporous state after some time. Which process is this called?
Answer: Evaporation?
Explanation:
don't quote me on it but I think that is the process. But again I could be wrong
Water becoming vaporous (aka gas) is called evaporation.
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if a nonnative species is introduced into an ecosystem . how might the biodiversity or health of the ecosystem change? why
PLZ HELP
What structure connects the two hemispheres of the brain
Answer:
The corpus callosum.
Explanation:
The cerebellum structure consists of two halves. The right and the left. This is connected to the corpus callosum that contains a lot of nerves
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is the Corpus callosum.
What is the Corpus callosum?The corpus callosum is a large white matter tract that connects the two hemispheres of the brain. It allows us to perceive depth and enables the two sides of our brain to communicate.The main function of the corpus callosum is the communication between the two hemispheres, the different parts of the corpus callosum connect similar areas of each hemisphere.Hence, the structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is the Corpus callosum.
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explain why living organisms contain more hydrogen atoms than any other atoms, yet 65% of a typical organism’s mass is oxygen
Answer:
The living organism contain more hydrogen atoms than other atoms because it is bounded with oxygen to form H2O and Oxygen has 16 times the mass than the hydrogen.
Explanation:
As we know oxygen is the most abundant molecule in human body (65%). Human body has approximately 60% of water which is composed by hydrogen and Oxygen. Other than that most of the important biological molecules like fats, carbohydrates and DNA contain hydrogen as crucial part of the structure. So hydrogen atoms are found more abundantly than other molecules.
Hydrogen is the most abundant atom in living organisms due to its light weight and its role in forming the backbone of many biological molecules, but oxygen accounts for the most mass because each atom is much heavier than a hydrogen atom. Oxygen, despite being fewer in number, contributes significantly to organisms' mass due to its high atomic weight. Both obey the same chemical and physical laws critical for life.
Explanation:Living organisms are predominantly made up of four key elements: hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), and carbon (C). Hydrogen is the most abundant on an atom count basis because it is the lightest atom and forms the backbone of many biological molecules like water (H2O) and organic compounds. However, while hydrogen atoms are the smallest and lightest atoms, oxygen is the heaviest among these. A single oxygen atom weighs about 16 times more than a hydrogen atom. Therefore, even though there might be fewer oxygen atoms, their cumulative mass contributes much more to the total mass of a living organism.
All elements, regardless of their abundance, obey chemical and physical laws whether they are part of the living or nonliving world. Hydrogen forms the backbone of hydrocarbons, the organic molecules that form the basis for biochemistry. Compounds found in living organisms are often rich with hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen, which are critical for the development of molecular species necessary for life.
For example, water (H2O) is a commonly known compound that forms from the chemical bonding of two hydrogen atoms with an oxygen atom. Water makes up a significant part of an organism's mass and plays a critical role in biological functions. Structurally, oxygen has a higher electronegativity making it hold on to the shared electrons more tightly, giving oxygen a partial negative charge and hydrogen a partial positive charge. These polar bonds allow water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules, including other water molecules.
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What starts the light reaction of photosynthesis? A. Water from the roots travel to the leaves. B. Light strikes the chloroplast. C. Light strikes the mitochondrion. D. A period of darkness precedes.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Photosynthesis can be explained as the method through which most plants, some bacterias, a few protistans and algae prepare their food by utilizing light energy obtained from the sun.
In plants, the photosynthesis process starts with the absorption of sunlight through chlorophyll present in the chloroplast organelles. The method proceeds by the production of glucose with the help of absorbed sunlight, water and carbon dioxide, which later leads to the production of ATP(energy).
Therefore, the correct answer is "Option B".
B. Light strikes the chloroplast starts the light reaction of photosynthesis.
The light reaction of photosynthesis is the first stage of the photosynthetic process, where light energy is converted into chemical energy. This reaction takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells, specifically in the thylakoid membranes.
When light strikes the chloroplast, it is absorbed by chlorophyll and other pigments located in the thylakoid membranes. This light energy is then used to excite electrons within the chlorophyll molecules, raising them to higher energy levels.
The excited electrons are then passed through a series of electron carriers in the thylakoid membrane, creating an electron transport chain. As the electrons move through this chain, their energy is used to pump protons (H+) from the stroma (the fluid-filled space within the chloroplast) into the thylakoid lumen (the interior space of the thylakoid). This creates an electrochemical gradient across the thylakoid membrane, with higher proton concentration in the lumen than in the stroma.
The potential energy stored in this proton gradient is used to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through chemiosmosis, a process that couples the movement of protons back into the stroma with the synthesis of ATP.
Simultaneously, the light energy also drives the splitting of water molecules (photolysis) in the thylakoid lumen, releasing electrons, protons, and oxygen. The oxygen is released into the atmosphere as a byproduct, while the electrons and protons are used to replace the ones lost in the electron transport chain.
In summary, the light reaction of photosynthesis is initiated when light strikes the chloroplast and is absorbed by pigments, leading to the excitation of electrons and the generation of high-energy intermediates necessary for the synthesis of ATP and the release of oxygen.
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What is the monosaccharide that results from the complete hydrolysis of amylose
Answer:
The monosaccharide that results from complete hydrolysis of amylose is GLUCOSE.
Explanation:
Amylose is a crystalline form of starch, it is made up of linear polysacharride chains that are joined together by mean of alpha 1, 4 glycosidic bonds. Hydrolyisis refers to the breaking down of a substance into its basic units. The basic unit of amylose is glucose, that is, amylose is made up of long chains of glucose. Therefore, when amlyose is hydrolyze, the monosaccharide that will result from the hydrolysis reaction is glucose.
This is what happens during digestion; when consumed starch is acted upon by amylases (enzymes that act on amylose) it is broken down into glucose, which can be used by the body for generation of energy.
Natural selection is based on the idea that as an environment changes, an individual's genetic makeup will change suddenly to suit the new environment.
What behavior does the texas horned lizard use to protect itself?
Answer:
Squirting blood from its eyes
Explanation:
The Texas horned lizard is a small lizard that is a prey animal to numerous animals, be it hawks, bobcats, coyotes, even mice. This has made this lizard to go to extremes when it comes to defense mechanisms. Its most famous defense mechanism is the squirting of blood with terrible taste through its eyes. It usually targets the mouth of the predator, and the predator gets confused and tries to shake off and whip its mouth, giving the lizard enough time to run to safety. The Texas horned lizard doesn't use this tactic always though, but only for certain predators, mostly the canids like the coyote and felids like the bobcat. This lizard has many more defense mechanisms and it uses them specifically for certain types of predators. It has excellent camouflage, often having the same color as objects that can not be eaten, it has spikes on its upper body and on its sides. It is able to run away from slower predators, to puff up or to stretch its ribs in order to not be swallowed, can stand still for very long time. All in all, this tiny creature is a master of defense mechanism.
The Texas horned lizard uses blood shooting and body puffing behaviors for protection.
Explanation:The Texas horned lizard uses various behaviors to protect itself. One of its primary defense mechanisms is its ability to shoot blood from its eyes as a deterrent to predators. This blood contains chemicals that are foul-tasting to predators and can cause irritation or even temporary blindness. Another behavior it employs is its ability to puff up its body and extend its spiky scales to appear larger and more intimidating, similar to how a porcupine uses its quills for defense.
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What are the benefits of the scrotum being located outside of the body?
It keeps the testes at a lower temperature so sperms don’t die
Which of the following is true of integral membrane proteins? A) They lack tertiary structure. B) They are loosely bound to the surface of the bilayer. C) They are usually transmembrane proteins. D) They are not mobile within the bilayer. E) They serve only a structural role in membranes.
Answer:
C) They are usually transmembrane
Explanation:
Integral membrane proteins (intrinsic protein) are known to be a type of membrane protein that is attached permanently to the biological membrane. Also, they are made up of significant proteins that are encoded in the genome of the organism. Furthermore, trans-membrane proteins allow the transportation of specific substances across the membrane and they undergo significant changes in order to move substances across or through the membrane.
The true statement of integral membrane proteins is they are usually transmembrane proteins.
The correct option is C.
What is integral membrane proteins?
A membrane protein that is permanently connected to the biological membrane is known as an integral membrane protein (IMP).
All transmembrane proteins are not IMPs.
They help in transduction of energy and movement of molecules across cell and organelles.
Thus, the correct option is C, They are typically transmembrane proteins.
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Some students are instructed to put a celery stalk in a red dye solution for a lab activity. First the students carefully cut the bottom of the stalk with a scalpel. Then they put the stalk in the beaker with the solution and place the beaker on a shelf in the lab room. The next day they check the stalk and make observations. The students note that the leaves at the end of the stalk have changed color from green to red. The students cut across the celery stalk and use a hand lens to see that the small tube openings along the edge of the celery stalk are also red. The cross section is shown below. How do the plant systems work together to make this movement of liquid possible?
Answer:
the liquid runs up from floema tubes and it goes down from ksilema tubes
The water is taken out by the plants through the xylem in the plants and they are taken upside by the various parts of it though as well.
What is the exact order of the water transport through the plants ?In this way the water that gets flowed in the plants is taken by the roots and then the xylem.
The direction of xylem transport is upwards and unidirectional and that is the same with the dye as well in which the liquid has come up in the leaves. The process has been like that the color show in it is because of the xylem transport.
Water is passively though transported into roots and then into xylem. The forces of the cohesion and the adhesion cause water molecules to form the column in xylem and then the water moves from xylem into mesophyll cells later evaporates from surfaces and leaves plant by the diffusion through stomata.
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In an experiment, a scientist makes a radioactively labeled probe using yeast dna. she then discovers that the probe hybridizes to a small segment of dna isolated from a fruit fly. what can she conclude from her results?
a. the fruit fly recently ate yeast for dinner.
b. a fruit fly might share at least one gene with a yeast cell.
c. a fruit fly accidentally wandered into the test tube containing the probe.
d. the scientist is unlikely to become a tenured professor at her university.
Answer:
B) A fruit fly might share at least one gene with a yeast cell.
Explanation:
Final answer:
The conclusion that the fruit fly and yeast might share at least one gene is based on the hybridization of the probe with the fruit fly's DNA, indicating sequence similarity between them. So the correct option is b.
Explanation:
In an experiment where a scientist discovers that her radioactively labeled probe using yeast DNA hybridizes to a small segment of DNA isolated from a fruit fly, she can conclude that the fruit fly might share at least one gene with a yeast cell. This conclusion is based on the principle that the probe would only hybridize with complementary sequences, which suggests that there is a sequence similarity between the yeast DNA in the probe and a segment of the fruit fly's DNA. This similarity may indicate that they have at least one gene in common, which could be due to conserved genetic sequences across different species that reflect a shared evolutionary ancestry or similar biological functions.