Fifteen-year-old spencer wants to be allowed to drive the family car, even though he does not yet have a driver's license. when his parents ask him why he thinks he should have driving privileges, he answers, "i know other kids who do it, and it's just stupid that i have to wait another three months until i turn 16." this is an example of what kind of thinking?
Spencer's desire to drive without a license exhibits egocentrism and a lack of formal operational thought, where he fails to consider the consequences and legality of his actions. He also lacks the experience-based practicality of postformal thought, which typically develops later in life and involves making decisions factoring in what is likely to happen.
The kind of thinking exhibited by fifteen-year-old Spencer, who wants to drive the family car without a driver's license, can be characterized by a few key psychological concepts. One such concept is egocentrism, which is typical of adolescent thinking wherein teenagers may have difficulty differentiating between their own perspective and that of others, leading them to make statements like 'other kids do it, so why can't I?' Additionally, Spencer's reasoning reflects a lack of formal operational thought, a stage of cognitive development where individuals are able to think abstractly and consider the potential consequences of their actions. This stage generally develops around the age of 11, but it takes time to fully mature, as observed in younger adolescents compared to adults in their late 30s. In this case, Spencer is also demonstrating a lack of postformal thought, which involves practical decision-making based on experience and understanding the difference between what is possible and likely.
Spencer's argument lacks the experience-based practicality that an adult might show in the same situation. Instead of understanding the legal and safety reasons for why he must wait to drive, he appeals to what he perceives as an unfairness, based on anecdotal evidence rather than logical reasoning or consideration of the potential risks involved. In Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the ability to think logically and evaluate the likelihood of different outcomes — a characteristic of postformal thinking — usually develops later in life.
Saul admits that he conforms so as to be liked by others. this is known as
Answer:
Normative Social Influence
Explanation:
Saul admits that he conforms so as to be liked by others. this is known as Normative Social Influence.
What is Normative Social Influence?
The act of conforming to a social norm in order to fit in and be part of a group is known as normative social influence. They act in this way because it is socially beneficial or because they want to avoid social rejection (such being made fun of for not "fitting in").
Peer pressure, or the urge to fit in and "belong," is an illustration of normative social influence. Simply said, you follow the rules of a group to ensure that you are accepted and protected from scorn for being an outsider.
Normative influence describes the fact that people occasionally alter their behavior, attitudes, or values in an effort to win the approval and respect of others. As a result, people become more conformist, changing their words or behavior to match what they see.
Thus, Normative Social Influence.
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The use of the generic "man," "he," and "his" are examples of _____.
It is an example of non-gender free. It is because in order for it to be classified as a gender free word, or for it to be considered to be one, it has to have no connection in regards to a specific gender.
While bev was hypnotized, her therapist suggested that during the next several days she would have a strong desire to eat well-balanced meals. the therapist was apparently making use of?
How was the time period in which Freud lived significant to the shaping and sharing of his ideas? Site 1: "Sigmund Freud: A Brief Biography"
Answer:
In the period of time in which Freud lived, technology and science still did not generate enough knowledge to clarify all doubts about the human mind. This lack of information influenced Freud to study, formulate and share his ideas about psychoanalysis.
Explanation:
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) was a neurologist physician and important Austrian psychologist. He was considered the father of psychoanalysis, which influenced considerably on Contemporary Social Psychology.
Since childhood he has been a brilliant student. At the age of 17, he joined the University of Vienna in Medicine. During his college years, he became fascinated by research conducted in the physiological laboratory led by Dr. E. W. von Brucke.
After graduating, Freud realized that the knowledge he had gained during college and research was insufficient to explain a few points about the human mind. This lack of information sharpened Freud's appeal to research and influenced him to find the answers to the doubts about the human mind.
The generativity versus stagnation developmental crisis occurs during the
The structure of the national legislature under the Articles of Confederation was a ______________________ legislature.
a.
unicameral
b.
bicameral
c.
None of these
d.
two house
Of nearly 1 billion adults worldwide who are illiterate two-thirds are women.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Got it right on edge
The government accountability office provides oversight powers for
Which theory states that people follow individual psychological motifs in relating to a love partner?
The theory that states that people follow individual psychological motifs in relating to a love partner is the styles of love in which is the theory of Lee. This theory focuses more on psychological motifs when an individual is involved with love or when relating his or her partner.
Lawrence hospital divided the market into groups of patients with different characteristics, needs, and wants, and behaviors. this activity is called
One example of an illicitly-manufactured amphetamine is
According to the authors of your text, once participants in milgram's studies delivered the first shock to the learner, this created internal pressure to obey. this dissonance made it more difficult later for participants to
Which developmental psychologist believed that cognitive development is a result of social interactions in which children learn through guided participation and working with mentors to solve problems?
The correct developmental psychologist who believed that cognitive development is a result of social interactions in which children learn through guided participation and working with mentors to solve problems is Lev Vygotsky.
Lev Vygotsky was a pioneering psychologist who introduced the concept of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), which is the difference between what a learner can do without help and what they can achieve with guidance and encouragement from a skilled partner. According to Vygotsky, cognitive development occurs as children interact with others, particularly with more knowledgeable others, such as parents, teachers, or peers. Through these interactions, children are able to move from what they can do on their own to what they can do with assistance, thus advancing their cognitive abilities.
Vygotsky emphasized the importance of social and cultural factors in cognitive development. He argued that children learn through participating in activities that are just beyond their current level of independent performance, with the support of someone more knowledgeable. This process of ""scaffolding"" allows children to build on their existing knowledge and skills, gradually becoming capable of performing tasks independently.
In contrast to Jean Piaget's theory, which focused on the stages of cognitive development that children go through individually, Vygotsky's theory highlights the essential role of social interaction in the development of cognition. Vygotsky's ideas have had a significant impact on educational practices, emphasizing the importance of collaborative learning and the role of teachers as facilitators who guide students through the learning process.
How do pips mixed feelings about joe's visit reveal an inner conflict?
Answer:
In chapter 24 of Great expectations, Pip presented a mixed emotions on Joe's visit. Pip acknowledged that he has strong ties with Joe but he is not happy to introduce him to Bentley. He does not wanted to highlight his humble beginnings in front of people. Hence, a contrast of feelings and meanness despite having strong ties with Joe advocates mixed feelings of Pip.
Explanation:
Pip wanted to keep Joe away from him by paying money and was mean about his present reputation. However, he was also keen to impress Joe when he visits him by showing him his grandeur. He chose good food for dinner and lighted fire to make him comfortable. He also hired a servant boy to make Joe's stay extravagant.
When Joe visited Pip, both of them were uncomfortable and preoccupied. Pip was suffering from an inner conflict about whether to meet Joe wholeheartedly or keep him at a distance.
Egyptians used a different alphabet than people from Mesopotamia. Identify and describe the alphabets used by both ancient civilizations.
Answer:
Egyptians used the Hieroglyphics as the alphabet, and in Mesopotamia, it was used the Cuneiform alphabet.
Explanation:
In some respects the writing in Egypt and Maesopotamia is similar. Both are based on a phonetic alphabet and do not mark the vowels in the word. However, they have their differences.
In Egypt we have the famous hieroglyphics, a system based on small icons that are associated with figures of reality and that make their sense from the relation between the enunciation of terms and the name of the being that appears as an image. Meanwhile, the mesopotamian cuneiform is composed of less delimited figures, going through a process of abstraction of the figures and basing the marking of writing on three wedge shapes (the vertical, the horizontal and the open).
Megan reaches into ned's pocket and takes his wallet—without his consent and without his immediate awareness. unlike robbery, picking pockets does not involve
Imagine you have a problem to solve that has some similarities to problems you have previously solved. if focusing on the similarities leads you relatively quickly to a solution, you would be benefiting from the ____ heuristic; on the other hand, if focusing on the similarities prevents or slows your finding a solution, you would be hindered by the ____ barrier to problem-solving.
What are the three major career fields in the landscape profession?
Define local culture and popular culture. in what ways do local and popular culture interact
Answer:
.
Explanation:
One conclusion that may be drawn about the certainty of the judgments made on both sides of the o.j. simpson murder trial (the african-american perspective that focused on the behavior of the los angeles police department and the white perspective that saw the case as one of spouse abuse and double murder) is the extent to which evidence from the opposing perspective was ignored or dismissed. this neglect of contradictory information is evidence of __________ in decision-making.
The neglect of contradictory evidence during the O.J. Simpson trial demonstrates 'confirmation bias,' where people prefer information that supports their beliefs, influenced by racial prejudice and stereotypes.
Explanation:The neglect of contradictory information in decision-making during the O.J. Simpson murder trial highlights a phenomenon known as confirmation bias. This bias refers to the tendency of people to favor information that confirms their existing beliefs or hypotheses, thereby dismissing evidence that may contradict these beliefs. In the context of the trial, different racial perspectives led to varying interpretations of the evidence, with some African-Americans focusing on the Los Angeles Police Department's behavior, viewing it as indicative of systemic bias, while some white audiences saw the case primarily as an instance of spouse abuse and double murder. This divergent viewpoint showcases how strongly racial prejudice and stereotypes can influence one's perception of justice and fairness within the criminal justice system.
When child culture conflicts with adult morality, children will:?
Children's responses to conflicts between child culture and adult morality vary with their developmental stage. They move from reflecting adult influences towards shaping their own moral understanding. The interaction between culture and their evolving moral reasoning plays a critical role in this process.
When child culture conflicts with adult morality, children's responses may vary based on their stage of moral development. Piaget described younger children as showing moral heteronomy, where they are more likely to be influenced by adults' probing questions, whereas older children may adhere firmly to their initial positions. Furthermore, children develop moral reasoning over time. Initially, they might simply mirror adult behaviors, but as they grow, they strive to construct their own understanding based on their experiences. This suggests a move towards moral autonomy, where children stand by their beliefs even when challenged by adult moral perspectives.
Cultural norms and the pressures from the social environment can influence these conflicts. For example, if a child faces a moral dilemma involving both honesty and loyalty to a friend, they may need to consult with adults to navigate the competing moral principles, illustrating the influence of culture and morality in their decision-making process. Kohlberg's theory expands on this by stating that if they fail to reach a conventional stage, where societal rules are followed for their moral correctness, children might engage in harmful behavior, guided instead by either formal rules or by consideration of personal relationships. Turiel's work indicates that children differentiate between social conventions and moral rules, with moral rules being understood as universal truths like the idea that causing harm is wrong.
It is evident that as children grow, they develop moral judgments that can be influenced by, but ultimately distinct from, those of adults. This can lead to conflicts between child culture and adult morality, wherein children might display resistance, withdrawal, or even regression to earlier behaviors depending on the developmental stage they are in and the context of the moral conflict.
Why do scatterplots of summary statistics show less scatter than those of individual observations?
Compare and contrast generalization and specialization
Comedian-writer mark malkoff reported that his fear of flying faded after he faced his fear and lived on an airplane for 30 days. his reduction of fear best illustrated the process of
Final answer:
Mark Malkoff's reduction of fear after living on an airplane for 30 days best illustrates the process of exposure therapy. Exposure therapy is a technique in behavioral therapy that helps individuals overcome fears or anxieties by gradual exposure to the feared object or context without any danger.
Explanation:
Exposure therapy is grounded in the principles of conditioning where the subject is exposed to the fear-inducing stimuli in a controlled manner until the fear responses are extinguished. In Mark Malkoff's case, his constant exposure to the environment of the airplane allowed him to confront his fear directly. Over time, this reduced his anxiety, as his brain learned that the stimulus (plane travel) was not harmful and ceased responding with fear. This technique relies on the psychological concepts of habituation and classical conditioning, where the subject learns to disassociate the stimulus from the fear response. As he lived on the airplane without negative consequences, his fear faded, demonstrating how exposure therapy utilizes the body's own mechanisms to overcome irrational fears.
A family in which at least one partner has children from a previous marriage is known as a:
what can be assumed about East Asian countries with a high literacy rate
the population lives and works in urban areas.
the population has a comfortable standard of living among the middle class.
the country has an agricultural based economy.
the country has strong public schooling.
Dani wants to measure the volume of a pebble. Which tool will give the most accurate measurement
It is actually a Graduated Cylinder on the Test
A less brutal approach to justice and punishment in the eighteenth century is associated with
What population shift has taken place in present-day mexico and where is this most apparent?