Dalton described the relationship between atoms and elements in terms of the composition of elements and the combination of atoms to form compounds.
Explanation:Dalton described the relationship between atoms and elements in the following way:
An element is always made up of one kind of atom. Each element is composed of atoms that have the same number of protons.Atoms are made up of combinations of elements. Atoms combine with other atoms of different elements to form compounds.Elements are made up of atoms arranged in whole-number ratios. The atoms of different elements combine in fixed ratios to form compounds.Different kinds of atoms always chemically combine to form elements. Atoms of different elements can combine in various ways to form new substances.Learn more about Dalton's atomic theory here:https://brainly.com/question/13157325
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Dalton described elements as being made up of a single, unique type of atom. Atoms of different elements differ in properties. Atoms combine in fixed, whole-number ratios to form compounds.
John Dalton, the English chemist, proposed a theory that is fundamental to understanding chemical elements and atoms. According to Dalton's atomic theory:
Elements are made of extremely small particles called atoms.Atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass, and other properties; atoms of different elements differ in size, mass, and other properties.Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed by chemical means.Atoms of different elements combine in fixed, small, whole-number ratios to form compounds.Hence, Dalton described the relationship between atoms and elements by stating that each element is composed of one kind of atom unique to that element, which can combine to form more complex structures.
Manganese nodules are considered a valuable resource from the ocean floor because they are abundant and contain not only manganese but also?
Answer: iron (oxides of iron)
Explanation: manganese nodules usually contain layers of iron and manganese oxides in a concentric arrangement and are called polymetallic nodules.
A student obtains a mixture of the chlorides of two unknown metals, X and Z. The percent by mass of X and the percent by mass of Z in the mixture is known. Which of the following additional information is most helpful in calculating the mole percent of XCl(s) and of ZCl(s) in the mixture?
Answer:
the Molar masses of Z and X
Explanation:
The percent by mass of X states how many grams of X are in 100 grams of the mixture. Then, we know how many grams of X, Z (we also know its percent) and of Cl ( = 100 - X % - Z %). Taking 100 g of the mixture as a base, we have:
x grams of X
z grams of Z
y grams of Cl
With the molar masses of Z and X (and of Cl) we can transform all masses into moles and then compute the mole percent of XCl(s) and of ZCl(s) in the mixture
From the given information:
The percent by mass of X = KnownThe percent by mass of Z = KnownThe percentage mass is given as the mass of the element which is divided by mass of compound multiplied by 100.
it is estimated using the formular:
[tex]\mathbf{percentage \ mass = \dfrac{\text{mass of element in 1 mole of compound}} { \text{mass of 1 mole of compound}} \times 100}[/tex]
From there;
The mole percentage is determined, which is the ratio of moles in a substance (element or compound) divided by the total amount of the mixture.
Using the formula:
Mole percentage = mole fraction × 100
Since the mole fraction is not given, it can be estimated as well by using the formula:
[tex]\mathbf{Mole\ fraction = \dfrac{\text{No of moles of a component} }{\text{total number of moles of the compound}}}[/tex]
Eventually; To determine the unknown number of moles, we will need the value of their respective molar masses(i.e. for X and Z) by using the formula:
[tex]\mathbf{Number \ of \ moles = \dfrac{Mass}{Molar \ Mass}}[/tex]
In conclusion, the additional information required in calculating the mole percent of XCl(s) and ZCl(s) in the mixture is the molar mass of X and Z.
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A block weighing 8.5 N requires a force of 2 Nto push it along at constant velocity.What is the coefficient of friction for thesurface?
Answer:
The coefficient of friction of the surface μ = 0.235
Explanation:
Values of the given variables:
Weight of block = 8.5 N
Pushing force F = 2 N
velocity = constant
Solution:
Newton's Second Law of motion states that acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the force applied
F = m a
Since v =constant, a = 0. Thus
Net force Fnet = 0.
Now F_net is the sum of the pushing force and the frictional force along the horizontal, which opposes the motion:
Fnet = Fpushing - Ffrictional_force
Given that Fnet = 0, Fpushing = Ffrictional_force. and Ffrictional_force = 2 N
Equation of friction is given by
Ffrictional_force = μ*W
2 = μ*8.5
μ = 2/8.5 = 0.235
The coefficient of friction for the surface is approximately 0.235.
Explanation:The coefficient of friction can be determined using the equation:
frictional force = coefficient of friction × normal forceGiven that the weight of the block is 8.5 N, and the force required to push it at constant velocity is 2 N, we can determine the normal force as follows:
normal force = weight of the blocknormal force = 8.5 NSubstituting the values into the equation:
2 N = coefficient of friction × 8.5 NSolving for the coefficient of friction:
coefficient of friction = 2 N / 8.5 Ncoefficient of friction ≈ 0.235Therefore, The coefficient of friction for the surface is approximately 0.235.
If a proton and an electron are released when they are 5.50×10−10 mm apart (typical atomic distances), find the initial acceleration of each of them.
Answer: The initial acceleration of the proton = (4.56 × 10^23) m/s2
The initial acceleration of the electron = (8.36 × 10^26) m/s2
Explanation: The force of attraction between the proton and electron can be computed using the statements of Coulomb's law which state that the force of attraction between two charged particles is directly proportional to the product of the two charges and inversely proportional to the square of their distances apart.
F = (Kq1q2)/(r^2) where K = (9 × (10^9) Nm(C^-2))
But q1 is the charge on a proton = (1.6 × (10^-19)) C
q2 is charge on an electron = -(1.6 × (10^-19)) C
r = (5.50 × (10^-10))mm = (5.50 × (10^-13))m
Computing all that, F = 0.0007616529 N = (7.62 × 10^-4) N
But the force of attraction is converted to that required for motion when they're released.
F = ma.
For proton, m = (1.67 × 10^-27) kg
a = F/m = 0.000762/(1.67 × 10^-27) = (4.56 × 10^23) m/s2
For electron, m = (9.11 × 10^-31) kg
a = F/m = 0.000762/(9.11 × 10^-31) = (8.36 × 10^26) m/s2
QED!
Final answer:
The initial acceleration of a proton and an electron, when released 5.50×10−10 mm apart, can be found using Coulomb's law and Newton's second law. The electrostatic force is first calculated using the charge of the particles and the separation distance, then divided by their respective masses to find their accelerations.
Explanation:
To calculate the initial acceleration of a proton and an electron when they are 5.50×10−10 mm apart, we use Coulomb's law which states that the electrostatic force (F) between two charges is proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. The formula is F = k × (q1 × q2) / r2, where k is the electrostatic constant (8.99×109 N×m2/C2), q1 and q2 are the charges of the proton and electron, and r is the separation distance. The acceleration (a) of each particle can then be found using Newton's second law (F = m × a), by dividing the electrostatic force by the mass (m) of the proton or electron respectively.
For a proton, the charge is +1.602×10−19 C and mass is 1.67×10−27 kg. For an electron, the charge is −1.602×10−19 C and mass is 9.11×10−31 kg. The initial acceleration for each particle can be calculated by using their respective masses and the electrostatic force derived from Coulomb's law.
A sample of argon gas has a volume of 500 mL at a pressure of 1.5 atm. If the pressure is increased to 4.0 atm, the new volume is given by
Answer:
187.5 mL
Explanation:
From the question we are given;
Initial volume of the gas, V₁ = 500 mLInitial pressure of the gas, P₁ = 1.5 atmNew pressure of the gas, P₂ = 4.0 atmWe are required to determine the new volume of the gas;
We are going to use Boyle's law of gases.
According to Boyle's law, the volume of a fixed mass of a gas and pressure are inversely proportional at a constant absolute temperature.That is;[tex]P\alpha\frac{1}{V}[/tex]
[tex]P=\frac{k}{V}[/tex]
At different pressures and volume with constant temperature, then
[tex]P_{1}V_{1}=P_{2}V_{2}[/tex]
Rearranging the formula;
[tex]V_{2}=\frac{P_{1}V_{1}}{P_{2}}[/tex]
Thus;
[tex]V_{2}=\frac{(500mL)(1.5 atm)}{4.0 atm}[/tex]
[tex]=187.5 mL[/tex]
Thus, the new volume of the gas is 187.5 mL
Answer:
1.5x500
————-
4.0
Explanation:
The removal of silver tarnish from silverware using aluminum foil and a solution of electrolyte is an example of
A) oxidation of aluminum metal.
B) reduction of silver ions.
C) an electrochemical cell.
D) all of the above
Answer:
The answer is C. An electrochemical cell.
Explanation:
The aluminum ion react with the sulfide to form aluminum sulfide.
Hydrocarbons, compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen, are important in fuels. The heat of combustion of cyclopropane, C3H6, is 499.8 kcal/mol. Write a balanced equation for the complete combustion of cyclopropane. How much energy is released during the complete combustion of 497 grams of cyclopropane? kcal
Answer:
The complete combustion of cyclopropane is:
2C₃H₆ + 9O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O
5914.3kcal are realeased in the combustion of 497 g of cyclopropane
Explanation:
Heat of combustion = 499.8 kcal/mol
This data means that 1 mol of C₃H₆ release 499.8 kcal.
Let's convert the mass to moles (mass / molar mass)
497 g / 42g/mol = 11.83 moles
Let's make a rule of three:
1 mol ____ 499.8
11.83 moles _____ (11.83 .499.8)/1 =5914.3kcal
The balanced equation for the complete combustion of cyclopropane:
C3H6 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 3H2O
5748.7 kcal of energy is released during the complete combustion of 497 grams of cyclopropane.
The heat of combustion of cyclopropane is -499.8 kcal/mol, which means that 499.8 kcal of heat is released when 1 mole of cyclopropane is combusted.
To determine how much energy is released during the complete combustion of 497 grams of cyclopropane, we first need to determine the number of moles of cyclopropane in 497 grams.
The molar mass of cyclopropane is 42.08 grams/mol, so 497 grams of cyclopropane is equal to 497 / 42.08 = 11.5 moles of cyclopropane.
The energy released = (number of moles of cyclopropane) * (heat of combustion per mole of cyclopropane)
= 11.5 moles * 499.8 kcal/mol
= 5748.7 kcal
Therefore, 5748.7 kcal of energy is released during the complete combustion of 497 grams of cyclopropane.
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(a) How many moles of CO2 contain 2.42 ✕ 1024 molecules?
WebAssign will check your answer for the correct number of significant figures. [blank] mol CO2
(b) What number of moles is equivalent to 6.23 ✕ 1021 atoms of Hg?
WebAssign will check your answer for the correct number of significant figures. [blank] mol Hg
Please fill in the blanks
When calculating the number of moles of CO₂ and Hg, we have:
a) There are 4.02 moles of CO₂ in 2.42x10²⁴ molecules.
b) There are 0.010 moles of Hg in 6.23x10²¹ atoms.
a) The number of moles of CO₂ that are in 2.42x10²⁴ molecules can be calculated with Avogadro's number (N = 6.022x10²³)
[tex] n = \frac{1 mol}{6.022 \cdot 10^{23} \:molecules}*2.42 \cdot 10^{24} \:molecules = 4.02 moles [/tex]
Hence, the number of moles of CO₂ is 4.02.
b) To find the number of moles of Hg equivalent to 6.23x10²¹ atoms, we need to use Avogadro's number:
[tex] n = \frac{1 mol}{6.022 \cdot 10^{23} \: atoms}*6.23 \cdot 10^{21} \: atoms = 0.010 moles [/tex]
Therefore, the number of moles of Hg is 0.010.
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Which of the following pairs of substances best illustrates the law of multiple proportions?
Answer:
Answer:
Which of the following pairs of substances best illustrates the law of multiple proportions?
A. H2 and O2
B. NO and NO2
C. P2O5 and PH3
D. CaCl2 and CaBr2
B. NO and NO2
best shows the law of multiple proportions.
Explanation:
Which of the following pairs of substances best illustrates the law of multiple proportions?
A. H2 and O2
B. NO and NO2
C. P2O5 and PH3
D. CaCl2 and CaBr2
B. NO and NO2
best shows the law of multiple proportions.
law of simple multiple proportions. Law of multiple proportions, states that when two elements react with oneaother to form more than one compound, the weights of one element that combine with the fixed weight of the other element are in small whole number ratios.
Here Nitrogen, N which is fixed combines with Oxygen in two compounds in ratios 1 to 1 and 1 to 2
Dead space is the portion of the respiratory system that: Select one: A.. must be filled with air before gas exchange can take place. B. contains no alveoli and does not participate in gas exchange. C. includes the alveoli and capillaries surrounding the alveoli. D. receives oxygen but is unable to release carbon dioxide.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Dead space is the volume of sir in the body which is inhaled but it does not takes part in the gaseous exchange this is because it does not contains alveoli.
Not all the air that is inhaled inside the body is used in the process of respiration.
The dead space in the lungs is the region which helps in conducting airways, the air is not perfused to the alveoli.
Dead space is the portion of the respiratory system that contains no alveoli and does not participate in gas exchange. Therefore, option B is correct.
The respiratory system is a complex network of organs and tissues involved in the process of respiration.
Dead space refers to the portion of the respiratory system where there is no gas exchange occurring. It includes areas such as the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles, which do not have alveoli. In these regions, the primary function is to conduct air to and from the alveoli, but no actual gas exchange occurs.
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Broad-spectrum pesticides: kill beneficial organisms in addition to the targeted pest. are readily broken down into safe materials such as water and CO2. are ineffective.
Answer:
kill beneficial organisms in addition to the targeted pest
Explanation:
The use of pesticides have emerged as one of the main options used in the control of invertebrate pests in different parts of the world. Organophosphate is the mostly used form of pesticide in places like Australia. There have been reported issues of crops losses from the incidences of pests, despite the increase in the use of pesticides. Broad spectrum pesticides end up kill non-target invertebrate species together with the insects and mites they are out to eliminate
Lead has a density of 11.34 g/ml where as mercury has a density of 13.6 g/ml. If 1 kg of each were placed in buckets of water which one would displace more water?
Biological oxidation-reduction reactions always involve:
a. direct participation of oxygen.
b. transfer of electron(s).
c. mitochondria.
d. transfer of hydrogens.
e. formation of water.
Answer:
b. transfer of electron(s).
Explanation:
An oxidation-reduction also called a redox reaction is a
chemical reaction in which electrons are transferred of between two species of reactants. It is a chemical reaction where the oxidation number of an atom, ion, or molecule, increases or decreases by losing or gaining electrons
Biological oxidation-reduction reactions always involve transfer of electrons.
Oxidation involves loss of electrons in which the matter then becomes
positively charged . On the other hand, reduction involves the gain of
electrons and the matter becomes negatively charged.
Oxidation-reduction(Redox) reactions is an important aspect of reactivity of
elements. Atoms begin to react when movement of electrons occurs which
gives rise to their loss and gain.
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If 0.255 moles of AgNO₃ react with 0.155 moles of H₂SO₄ according to this UNBALANCED equation below, how many grams of Ag₂SO₄ could be formed? AgNO₃(aq) + H₂SO₄ (aq) → Ag₂SO₄ (s) + HNO₃ (aq)
After balancing the chemical equation, we determine the limiting reactant, which is H₂SO₄ in this case. This produces 0.155 moles of Ag₂SO₄. When converted to mass, this is approximately 48.33g of Ag₂SO₄.
Explanation:To answer this question, we first need to balance the chemical equation. The balanced equation is: 2 AgNO₃(aq) + H₂SO₄ (aq) → Ag₂SO₄ (s) + 2 HNO₃ (aq).
From the balanced equation, we can see that 2 moles of AgNO₃ react with 1 mole of H₂SO₄ to produce 1 mole of Ag₂SO₄. Thus, the mole ratio of AgNO₃ : H₂SO₄ : Ag₂SO₄ is 2:1:1.
Given that we have 0.255 moles of AgNO₃ and 0.155 moles of H₂SO₄, it’s clear that H₂SO₄ is the limiting reactant as it produces fewer moles of Ag₂SO₄ (based on the stoichiometric ratios). Therefore, 0.155 moles of Ag₂SO₄ will be formed.
To convert this to grams, we multiply by the molar mass of Ag₂SO₄, which is 311.8 g/mol: 0.155 moles * 311.8 g/mol = 48.33 grams of Ag₂SO₄ can be formed.
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To calculate the grams of Ag2SO4 formed, we first determine the limiting reactant from the balanced equation and then convert the moles of the limiting reactant to grams using its molar mass, resulting in 48.329 grams of Ag2SO4.
The question asks how many grams of Ag2SO4 could be formed when 0.255 moles of AgNO3 reacts with 0.155 moles of H2SO4. To solve this, we must balance the chemical equation and determine the limiting reactant.
First, we balance the equation:
2 AgNO3(aq) + H2SO4 (aq) → Ag2SO4 (s) + 2 HNO3 (aq)
With this balanced equation, we see that two moles of AgNO3 are needed to react with one mole of H2SO4. Since we have 0.255 moles of AgNO3 and 0.155 moles of H2SO4, H2SO4 is the limiting reactant. The mole ratio of H2SO4 to Ag2SO4 is 1:1, therefore 0.155 moles of Ag2SO4 will be formed.
To find the mass of Ag2SO4 formed, we use its molar mass (311.8 g/mol):
0.155 moles × 311.8 g/mol = 48.329 grams of Ag2SO4.
If an aqueous solution of lead(II) nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) is mixed with an aqueous solution of potassium chloride (KCl) the precipitate is:
Answer: lead(II) chloride PbCl2
Explanation:
Pb(NO3)2 + 2KCl —> PbCl2 + 2KNO3
Taking into account the definition of net ionic equation, a precipitate of PbCl₂ is formed when an aqueous solution of lead(II) nitrate (Pb(NO₃)₂) is mixed with an aqueous solution of potassium chloride (KCl) .
The net ionic equation is a chemical equation for a reaction that lists only the species that participate in the reaction.
In other words, an ionic equation is a chemical equation where electrolytes in aqueous solution are written as dissociated ions.
In this case, the balanced equation will be:
Pb(NO₃)₂ (aq) + 2 HCl (aq) → PbCl₂ (s) + 2 HNO₃ (aq)
where (aq) means aqueous and (s) solid.
Taking into account that:
All Cl⁻, Br⁻ and I⁻ salts are soluble. All salts of NO₃⁻, C₂H₃O₂⁻, ClO₃⁻ and ClO₄⁻ are soluble.All Ag⁺, Pb²⁺ and Hg₂²⁺ salts are insoluble.The total ionic equation in separated aqueous solution will be:
Pb²⁺(aq) + 2 NO₃⁻(aq) + 2 H⁺ (aq) + 2 Cl⁻ (aq) → PbCl₂ (s) + 2 H⁺ (aq) + 2 NO₃⁻ (aq)
A spectator ion is an ion that appears both as a reactant and as a product in an ionic equation.
Spectator ions can be either cations (positively charged ions) or anions (negatively charged ions).
When writing a net ionic equation, spectator ions found in the original equation are ignored. Thus, the total ionic reaction is different from the net chemical reaction.
In this case, H⁺ and NO₃⁻ are the spectator ions because they appear unchanged in both the product and the reagent. So these ions cancel out by writing the net ionic equation and you get:
Pb²⁺(aq) + 2 Cl⁻ (aq) → PbCl₂ (s)
Since PbCl₂ is an insoluble salt, it will precipitate.
Finally, a precipitate of PbCl₂ is formed when an aqueous solution of lead(II) nitrate (Pb(NO₃)₂) is mixed with an aqueous solution of potassium chloride (KCl) .
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What is the empirical formula of the carbon sulfide? Express answer as a chemical formula.
Answer:
Empirical formula = C₃S₂
Explanation:
Given data:
Mass of carbon = 44.0 mg (44/1000 = 0.044 g)
Mass of sulfur = 122 mg - 44.0 mg = 78 mg = 78/1000 = 0.078 g)
Empirical formula = ?
Solution:
First of all we will calculate the number of moles.
Number of moles of carbon = mass / molar mass
Number of moles of carbon = 0.044 g/ 12.01 g/mol
Number of moles of carbon = 0.0037 mol
Number of moles of sulfur:
Number of moles = mass / molar mass
Number of moles = 0.078 g/ 32,066 g/mol
Number of moles = 0.0024 mol
Now we will compare the moles:
C : S
0.0037/0.0024 : 0.0024/0.0024
1.5 : 1
C : S = 2(1.5 : 1)
C : S = 3 : 2
Empirical formula = C₃S₂
dvanced treatment of wastewater can include any of the following EXCEPT
1. reverse osmosis.
2. sand and gravel filtration.
3. phytoremediation.
4. charcoal filtration.
Answer:
2. sand and gravel filtration.
Explanation:
Sand and/or gravel filters are made at home usually comprising of a pipe or tub filled with sand and gravel, while the advanced commercial systems usually filters contain other filtration media and processes such as charcoal filtration phytoremediation reverse osmosis
Wet oxidation
Activated sludge systems
Upflow anaerobic sludge
Vacuum evaporation
blanket digestion
Anaerobic filter
Urine-diverting dry toilet
Vermifilter
Activated sludge model
Ethylene (C2H4) burns in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. What is the correct form of the balanced chemical equation that describes this reaction?
Answer:
The answer to your question is C₂H₄ + 3O₂ ⇒ 2CO₂ + 2H₂O
Explanation:
Data
Ethylene = C₂H₄
Oxygen = O₂
Carbon dioxide = CO₂
Water = H₂O
Reaction
C₂H₄ + O₂ ⇒ CO₂ + H₂O
Reactant Element Product
2 Carbon 1
4 Hydrogen 2
2 Oxygen 3
This reaction is unbalanced
C₂H₄ + 3O₂ ⇒ 2CO₂ + 2H₂O
Reactant Element Product
2 Carbon 2
4 Hydrogen 4
2 Oxygen 6
Now, the reaction is balanced
____ are weak bonds that are not strong enough to hold atoms together to form molecules but are strong enough to form bridges between molecules. a. Hydrogen bonds
b. Covalent bonds
c. Ionic bonds
d. Anionic bonds
e. Polar covalent bonds
Answer:Hydrogen bonds
Explanation:
Hydrogen bonds occur between molecules when hydrogen is covalently bonded to a highly electronegative element in each molecule of the compound E.g water. Hydrogen bonds are intermolecular bond forces. They hold molecules of a substance together in a particular state of matter. They do not link atoms together but they form bridges between molecules. Hydrogen bonds exist in liquid, solid and gaseous states of matter.
Hydrogen bonds are weak bonds that form bridges between molecules. They occur when a hydrogen atom is attracted to an atom with a partial negative charge.
Explanation:Hydrogen bonds are weak bonds that are not strong enough to hold atoms together to form molecules but are strong enough to form bridges between molecules. These bonds occur when a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge is attracted to an atom with a partial negative charge.
An example of hydrogen bonding is the bond between water molecules. The partial positive charge of the hydrogen atom in one water molecule is attracted to the partial negative charge of the oxygen atom in a neighboring water molecule, resulting in hydrogen bonding.
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You want to create the effect of the sun shining on the actors in a theater production. What lighting would you use to create this effect?
Answer:
Metal Halide arc lamp
Explanation:
Metal Halide arc lamp:
Metal Halide arc lamps are made for film and television lighting production use in where daylight colour match and a high temporal stability are required, they are also used in solar simulation for testing sunscreens, plastics, solar cells as well as other devices and production materials
Mendeleev organized the elements
a. alphabetically by name.
b. by the number of electrons.
c. by increasing the atomic number and similar properties.
d. by increasing atomic weight and similar properties.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Mendeleev was a Russian scientist. His works provided the framework for the present day periodic table. What Mendeleev did was to arrange the elements in order of their atomic weights.
He however had some gaps in his periodic table. He impressively predicted the elements that would fill in these blank spaces even though they were yet to be discovered as at then.
The combustion of palmitic acid in a bomb calorimeter yields energy in the form of heat released upon oxidation. From a thermodynamic perspective and with respect to the calorimeter experiment, what would you expect the combustion of the same amount of palmitic acid in our body to yield?a. less energyb. more energyc. the same amount of energyd. The calorimeter experiment is irrelevant to the combustion of palmitic acid in the human body.
Answer:
"The same amount of energy" is the combustion of the same amount of palmitic acid in our body to yield.
Explanation:
A bomb calorimeter is an apparatus used to measure the amount of heat out or fascinated by a chemical reaction. This apparatus is airtight and has thermal insulation, which means that the organization doesn't alteration heat with the environments. So, by the variance of the temperature measured on the system (ΔT), the mass of a solution (m) and the specific heat of water (c) it's likely to compute the heat in a reaction that happens in aqueous solution, by the equation below:
Q = [tex]m \times c\times \delta T[/tex]
The heat, or the energy, of the response doesn't depend on where the response is happening, so the sum of energy measured on the bomb calorimeter will be the same in our body.
A white substance melts with some decomposition at 730oC. As a solid it does not conduct electricity, but it dissolves in water to form a conducting solution. With explanation, which type of solid might the substance be?
Answer:
Ionic solid
Explanation:
Ionic solids -
These are the type of solids , which is composed of ions , which are bond by very strong electrostatic force of attraction , are referred to as ionic solids.
And due to very strong force of attraction between the ions , they generally have very high melting point.
When the solid is dissolved in water , the ions gets separate out , and these free ions are capable to conduct electricity , and hence they are very good conductor in molten form , and are insulator in solid form.
Hence , from the given information of the question ,
The correct term is ionic solids.
Titanium (III) chloride, a substance used in catalysts for preparing polyethylene, is made by high-temperature reaction of TiCl4 vapor with H2 :
2TiCl4(g) + H2(g) --> 2TiCl3(s) + 2HCl(g)
a) how many grams of TiCl4 are needed for complete reaction with 155L if H2 at 430 degrees C and 780mmHg pressure?
b) How any liters of HCl gas at STP will result from the reaction described in part (a)?
Answer: a. 1046.98g b. 123.64 L
Explanation:
.a. To determine the mass of TiCl4 needed to complete the reaction with 155 liters of H2 at 430 degree Celsius and 780 mmHg pressure.
First, use the ideal gas equation to determine the number of moles of H2.
PV = nRT
R= 0.082 Latm/molK
Convert Pressure to atmosphere and temperature to kelvin so the units of calculation can be uniform;
1 atm is equals to 760 mmHg so 780mmHg will be (780/760) atm = 1.0263 atm
430 degree Celsius = (430 +273.15) K
= 703.15 K
Therefore, n = PV/RT
= (1.0263*155)/ (0.082*703.15)
= 2.76 of H2 will be needed to complete the reaction
From the chemistry of the reaction, it can be seen that 2 moles of TiCl4 is needed to react with 1 mole of H2.
So for 2.76 moles of H2 , (2*2.76 moles) of TiCl4 will be needed which is equals to 5.52 moles of TiCl4.
The mass of TiCl4 can be calculated using the formular;
Mass = molar mass * number of moles
The molar mass of TiCl4 cab be calculated using the molar mass of each of its element (Ti =47.87 g/mol, Cl= 35.45 g/mol).
The molar mass of TiCl4 = 47.87 + (4*35.35) = 189.67 g/mol
Therefore,
The mass of TiCl4 = 189.67 g/mol * 5.52 mols
= 1046.98 g of TiCl4.
b. The amount of liters of HCl gas to be produced at STP. STP means standard temperature and pressure which is 273.15 K and 1 atm
From the chemistry of the reaction, it can be seen that with 1 mole of H2 is needed to produce 2 moles of HCl.
So for 2.76 moles of H2, (2*2.76 moles) of HCl will be produced which is equals to 5.52 moles of HCl. Therefore, the volume of HCl produced at 430 degree Celsius and 780 mmHg pressure will be;
V = nRT/P
= 5.52* 0.082 *703.15 / 1.0263
= 310.118 L
The combined gas law states that PV/T = constant. Therefore
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
Now using the combined gas law;
P1 = 1.0263 atm, V1 = 310.118 L, T1 = 703.15 K
P2 = 1 atm, V2 =?, T2 = 273.15 k
So,
V2 = (1.0263*310.118*273.15)/ (1*703.15)
= 123.64 L
To find the grams of TiCl4 needed, use the ideal gas law equation and the balanced chemical equation. To find the liters of HCl gas at STP, use the ideal gas law equation and the balanced chemical equation.
Explanation:In order to determine the grams of TiCl4 needed, we need to use the ideal gas law equation: PV = nRT. First, we need to convert the given volume of H2 to moles by using the ideal gas law. Then, we can use the balanced chemical equation to find the ratio of moles of H2 to moles of TiCl4. Finally, we can convert moles of TiCl4 to grams using the molar mass of TiCl4.
To determine the liters of HCl gas at STP, we can use the ideal gas law equation again. We can find the moles of HCl gas produced by using the balanced chemical equation, and then convert the moles to liters at STP using the molar volume of a gas at STP.
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The student measures the actual pressure of the CO2(g) in the container at 425 K and observes that it is less than the pressure predicted by the ideal gas law. Explain this observation.
Real gases do not obey the ideal gas law
The pressure is less than predicted because of the attractive forces between the molecules as well as energy is lost during collision of a real gas
Reason:
The ideal gas equation is given as follows;
P·V = n·R·TThe real gas equation is presented as follows;
[tex]\left[P + \dfrac{a \cdot n^2}{V^2} \right]\cdot \left[V - n \cdot b\right] = n \cdot R \cdot T[/tex]The coefficient +a, is the pressure correction factor, given that the pressure of a real gas is lower than that of an ideal, due to the attractive force that exist between the gas molecules that reduces the number of collisions of the molecules with the container's wall when they attract each other
The collisions that occur in real gas involve energy loss, therefore, the molecules tend to be less activated as predicted by the real gas law
Therefore;
The pressure of the real CO₂ gas is expected to be much lesser than expected and has to be corrected using the correction factor for the value correspond with the predicted value at the given temperatureLearn more here:
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If you start with 10.0 grams of lithium hydroxide and an excess of hydrogen bromide, how many grams of lithium bromide will be produced?
Answer:
grams of lithium bromide produced = 36.2642309286 ≈ 36.30 g
Explanation:
The equation of the reaction is as follows ;
Lithium hydroxide + hydrogen bromide → Lithium Bromide + water
LiOH + HBr → LiBr + H2O
The equation is already balanced
Molecular mass of LiOH = 6.941 + 15.999 + 1.00784
Molecular mass of LiOH = 23.94784 g
Molecular mass of LiBr = 6.941 + 79.904 = 86.845 g
From the equation
LiOH + HBr → LiBr + H2O
23.94784 g of lithium hydroxide produces 86.845 g of lithium bromide
10 g of lithium hydroxide will produce ?
cross multiply
grams of lithium bromide produced = 10 × 86.845/23.94784
grams of lithium bromide produced = 868.45/23.94784
grams of lithium bromide produced = 36.2642309286 ≈ 36.30 g
Solution A is 0.44 M and reacts with 0.11 M of solution B. Assume that the value of x is 0, the value of y is 1, and r is 1.07 × 10⁻¹ /s. Find the rate constant for this reaction.
Final answer:
The rate constant for the reaction is 0.973 L/mol/s.
Explanation:
In the given question, we are provided with the initial concentration of solution A and solution B, as well as the values of x, y, and r. To find the rate constant for this reaction, we can use the rate equation:
rate = k[A]^x[B]^y
Substituting the given values:
0.107/s = k(0.44 M)^0(0.11 M)^1
Simplifying the equation:
0.107/s = k(0.11 M)
Dividing both sides by 0.11 M:
k = 0.107/s / 0.11 M = 0.973 L/mol/s
This triple beam balance is used to measure ________ in grams. A) density B) mass C) volume D) weight
Answer:
B) mass
Explanation:
Triple beam balance -
It is an instrument , which is used for the measurement of the mass , in a very accurate and precise manner .
The error range of this balance is +/- 0.05 gram .
It consists of three beam , of three different sizes , where the difference in the beam shows the difference in the weights and readings .
Hence, from the given statement of the question,
The correct option is B. mass.
This triple beam balance is used to measure mass in grams. Option B.
Functions of the triple beam balanceA triple beam balance is a common laboratory instrument used to measure the mass of an object. Mass is a fundamental property of matter and represents the amount of substance in an object.
The triple beam balance consists of three beams, each with different sliding weights. By adjusting these weights, the balance allows for the measurement of an object's mass in grams.
Mass is distinct from weight, which is the force exerted on an object due to gravity and can vary depending on the gravitational pull.
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Check all that apply.
a. Cathode rays have mass.
b. There are subatomic size particles in an atom.
c. In the atom, the particles of the cathode rays are embedded in a diffuse cloud of positive charge.
d. Matter contains negative charge and by inference positive charge.
e. Particles of the cathode rays are fundamental to all matter.
Answer:
a.Cathode rays have mass.
b.They are subatomic size particles in an atom.
d. Matter contains negative charge and by inference positive charge.
e. Particles of the cathode rays are fundamental to all matter.
Explanation:
The statements above reflect the Thompson model of the atom. Electrons were first known as cathode rays. The Thompson's model viewed the atom as a sphere of negative charges into which positive charges were embedded. This is the plum pudding model of the atom.
A piece of silver with a mass 437 g has a heat capacity of 103.6 J/°C. What is the specific heat of silver?
Answer:
Specific heat of silver is 0.237 J/g°C
Explanation:
To define the heat capacity (c) we have to know that it depends on the amount of mass.
If our system consists of a single substance, we talk about specific heat (C) from the relationship:
c = C. m
103.6 J/°C = C . 437 g
103.6 J/°C / 437 g = C
C = 0.237 J/g°C