How did the great transition from fish to tetrapod occur?

Answers

Answer 1
The transition occurred gradually over time, so there are many intermediate forms.
Answer 2

"The great transition from fish to tetrapods, which marks one of the most significant events in the history of life on Earth, occurred during the Devonian period, approximately 360 to 390 million years ago. This transition involved a series of evolutionary steps that allowed aquatic creatures to adapt to life on land.

Here is a simplified explanation of the process:

1. Lobe-finned Fish: The ancestors of tetrapods were lobe-finned fish (sarcopterygii), which had fleshy, lobed fins containing bones and muscles. These fins were precursors to the limbs of tetrapods.

2. Adaptations for Aquatic Life: Initially, these lobe-finned fish developed adaptations for living in shallow, oxygen-poor waters. These adaptations included the ability to gulp air directly into their lungs, which were evolving from the swim bladders that helped with buoyancy.

3. Evolution of Limbs: Over time, the lobed fins of these fish began to elongate and develop joints, allowing for a range of movements. This was advantageous for moving through dense vegetation and navigating the complex environments of shallow waters.

4. Breathing Air: The development of lungs and the ability to breathe air were crucial for survival in habitats where water may have been low in oxygen or prone to drying up.

5. Transition to Land: As these fish ventured onto land, possibly to find new resources or escape predators, their fins continued to evolve into sturdy limbs capable of supporting their weight and allowing them to move on solid ground.

6. Skeletal Changes: Significant changes in the skeletal structure occurred to support the body against gravity and to facilitate movement on land. These changes included a stronger backbone, modified skulls, and limbs with digits.

7. Reproductive and Respiratory Adaptations: To reproduce on land, these early tetrapods needed to lay eggs that could survive out of water or give birth to live young. Additionally, their respiratory systems had to become more efficient at extracting oxygen from the air.

8. Early Tetrapods: The first true tetrapods, such as *Acanthostega* and *Ichthyostega*, had limbs with digits, but they still retained many fish-like characteristics, indicating they were adapted to both aquatic and terrestrial environments.

9. Diversification: Once the basic tetrapod body plan was established, these creatures began to diversify, leading to the wide variety of tetrapods we see today, including amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

The transition from fish to tetrapods was a complex process that involved many incremental changes over millions of years. Fossil evidence, such as the discovery of *Tiktaalik roseae*, has provided critical insights into this pivotal period in evolutionary history, bridging the gap between fish and the first land-dwelling vertebrates."


Related Questions

What was the caste system? How did the caste system affect society?

please help ASAP

25 points

Answers

a caste system is a class structure that is determined by birth. it means that in some societies if your parents are poor, your gonna be poor too.
It is a system that is determined by your parents. This is like if your parents are poor, most likely you will too. If your parents are rich, then you will be most likely rich. I hope this helps!

In the years 1840-1850, which northeastern state has the largest white population

Answers

It used to be NYC for how much withe's

describe West african society before the Atlantic slave trade. What were the society's strenghts and weaknesses?

Answers

The West African society before the Atlantic slave trade is narrowed to the coasts and rivers, with war in order to control their places. The lower areas of the Congo River have lower people as a exchange. During that time the pygmy were considered as slaves. There is also lack of dietary protein and sometimes cannibalism is adept by the people.

Prior to the Atlantic Slave Trade, West Africa was home to prosperous empires rich in resources, with advanced skills in metalwork and textiles. The society's strengths included intricate social, technical, and agricultural systems. However, the onset of the Atlantic Slave Trade resulted in a devastating loss of population, which undermined the existing societal structures.

West African society before the Atlantic Slave Trade was characterized by a variety of kingdoms and empires, such as the Ghana and Mali Empires, which were prosperous due to abundant natural resources like gold, salt, and ivory. These commodities were pivotal in trade, leading to great wealth in the region. However, slavery was also present, typically as a result of warfare between groups. The capture and use of slaves for labor, including building infrastructure and mining, were common.The strengths of pre-Atlantic Slave Trade West African societies included advanced metallurgy and metalwork, developed weaving and textile production, and agricultural expertise. These skills, along with complex social and political structures, contributed to the stability and prosperity of the region.Nevertheless, the societies also faced weaknesses, exacerbated by the introduction of the European-dominated Atlantic Slave Trade. The subsequent loss of population due to enslavement led to a breakdown of kinship networks and the loss of skilled laborers and craftsmen. This resulted in weakened societal structures and undermined economic and cultural development.

In the 1920s, how did most national leaders hope to go about avoiding war?

A. By joining The world court.
B. By winning the arms race.
C. By avoiding close interaction with other nations .
D. By forcing Europe to disarm .

Answers

C) by avoiding close interaction with other nations
a?
i think cause everyone else was saying c

How did John Winthrop change the government of Massachusetts?

Answers

He developed a form of government compatible with Puritan beliefs. This form of government was a theocracy. Hope this helps :)

What economic system is commonly called a free enterprise system

Answers

Capitalism. However this is inaccurate, as monopolies are as capitalist as you can get and yet are antithetical to the idea of free enterprise.

Answer:

Capitalism

Explanation:

Capitalism is generally believed to be a free enterprise system. This means that the business carried out within capitalism is unconstrained from government regulations and other similar limits. Instead, it is solely regulated by the demands of the market (supply and demand). However, no country's economy is truly free of all constraints, as all governments impose some rules on enterprise in order to prevent massive inequality and other negative social consequences.

Why is the land of israel called a "testing ground of faith?"?

Answers

its called that way because there are 3 major religions that share it and all are tested by each other

The international organization known as ______ was formed to combat the threat of Communism in Europe
(1)-SEATO
(2)-NATO
(3)-Warsaw pact

Answers

Hello!

I believe the correct answer for the blank would be: (2) NATO.

I hope my answer helped you! :)

NATO is the right answer. NATO began to take form in the Treaty of Brussels of 1948 as a defensive pact between France, the U.K., Netherlands and Luxemburg against the Soviet threat, but even so the weakened european countries were still threatened by the USSR, by 1949 negotiations between the countries and the U.S. made the pact into a full alliance with the North Atlantic Treaty, called North Atlantic Treaty Organization under the goal, as stated by the organization's first secretary, to "keep the russians out, the americans in and the germans down".

I'm Wilsons fourteen points the main goal of removing German troops from occupied lands was to
A. establish France and English as the new European superpowers
B. devastate Germany's economic system
C. gain support for the league of nations
D. restore dignity and independence to those countries

Answers

In Wilson's Fourteen Points, the main goal of removing German troops from occupied lands was to
restore dignity and independence to those countries. I hope this helps :)


The correct answer is Option D) restore dignity and independence to those countries.

Wilson's fourteen points the main goal of removing German troops from occupied lands was to restore dignity and independence to those countries.

The Fourteen points were proposed by the United States President Woodrow Wilson outlining the principles of Peace that the United States government would use to secure negotiations in World War I.

The United States was a late entrant to the World War I and had previously tried to distance itself from the European war. However, as the War become more international, the United States was dragged into the war when Germany began assaulting trading ships between Europe and North America.

Eventually, as the United States sided with the Allies, it was a major contributor towards the allied advance in Europe and had a significant say.

compare and contrast the consequences of adopting a new religion for the kingdoms on mali and axum ?

Answers

Relations between Aksum and the Byzantine Empire, the foremost Christian power, were significantly harmed by the spread of Islam in Egypt and the Levant.

What are the consequences of adopting the Axum and Mali religions?

Axum was among the few Christian states in the globe at the time it became the first state in Africa to make Christianity its official religion.

In the year 312 AD, Roman Emperor Constantine accepted the religion. Around the eastern Mediterranean region, there were numerous additional little Christian states.

The Mali Empire placed a high value on Islam. Despite having converted to Islam, the Manassas, or monarchs, did not compel their subjects to do the same.

The majority of people followed a form of Islam that combined regional customs with Islamic principles. Most of Mali's emperors after Sundjata, the empire's founder, were Muslims.

Muslims were carried into the world by traders, who also brought new religious beliefs.

The Muslim conquests exacerbated the isolation of the church in Aksum, even while communication with specific Christian communities in Egypt and other countries remained.

Check out the link below to learn about Axum and Mali religion;

https://brainly.com/question/12109684

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What is the hardest part of being a teenager now essay?

Answers

the hardest part would be the puberty or voice changing or maybe the awkward part of being a teen in general maybe the acne or other moles you might get...

Answer:

the hardest part of being a teenager is balancing school, work, homework and trying to have fun at the same time. This gives many teenagers these days anxiety and depression.

Explanation:

what happened during the period known as the hellenistic age?

Answers

A new Greek culture spread throughout the lands Alexander had conquered.

What effect have televised presidential debates had on election outcomes?

Answers

Televised presidential debates have an impact on the outcome of the elections by changing the opinions of the voters. Before every election there are individuals who is not sure for whom to vote, televised presidential debates are good opportunities for the presidential candidates to change voters' opinion in their favor with strong arguments against their oppositions.

In what way was the tang military in china similar to that of islamic forces?

Answers

The Tang military in China and that of Islamic forces both relied upon pastoral nomadic soldiers from the Inner Afro-Eurasian steppes. The many trans-ecological exchanges mediated by the Silk Roads linked all regions of the Afro-Eurasian landmass, from its agrarian civilizations to its many stateless communities of woodland foragers and steppe pastoralists, into a single system of exchanges that is several millennia old.


Local Babylonian merchants traveled by foot, selling goods to people in local villages. What types of goods did these merchants trade and why?

Answers

As Mesopotamian trade developed, merchants even set up trade emporiums in other regions and cities.
They traded Grains, Meat , and Fish. They traded these goods because they did not have many natural resources so they had to trade with neighboring resources in order to have everything they needed to live.

The vihuela's popularity could not reach all of europe because

Answers

Sanitation improved, grain improved, and the civilization of potatoes grew 

Answer:

The Vihuela was developed in Spain in 16th century, at the same time the lute emerge as the favorite instrument of the aristocracy in nearly all of Europe which Spain did not favor much because they saw the lute as an instrument associated with the Moors. However, they appreciated the lute music script so they searched to find an instrument that could perform the same as a lute. The Spanish aristocrats took the Guitarra and added six double strings and it was enlarged and gave it to a new form from the older one played by the commons in Spain.

Which statements are true of ancient roman religion? select all that apply.
A. romans believed in many gods and goddesses, such as Zeus and Hera.
b. romans built family shrines to ancestral ghost
c. romans held public feasts and festivals to celebrate their duties
d. romans worshiped through rituals in front of city temples

Answers

If it's multiple choice question, I'd go with these two:
b. romans built family shrines to ancestral ghost
d. romans worshiped through rituals in front of city temples

I believe the answer is:

b. romans built family shrines to ancestral ghost

Most shrines usually built specifically to worship one specific god, and there is a couple of shrines that are built as a place of worship for all Gods. The Gods that worshipped in these shrines were similar to the Gods introduced by ancient greek

d. romans worshiped through rituals in front of city temples

During the worshipped, people on the cities are invited to came to the temples just like a national ceremony that we used to see on modern day celebration.

why do you think Theodore Roosevelt's Square Deal was appealing to Americans at the turn of the century?

Answers

I think that most Americans were in favor of the square deal because it aimed for consumer protection and worked to protect parks and natural resources within the United States.

Answer:

When Theodore Roosevelt took the oath of office in September 1901, he presided over a country that had changed significantly in recent decades. The population of the United States had almost doubled from 1870 to 1900 as immigrants came to U.S. cities to work in the country's burgeoning factories. As the United States became increasingly urban and industrial, it acquired many of the attributes common to industrial nations—overcrowded cities, poor working conditions, great economic disparity, and the political dominance of big business. At the turn of the twentieth century, Americans had begun to look for ways to address some of these problems. As chief executive, Roosevelt felt empowered by the people to help ensure social justice and economic opportunity through government regulation. He was not a radical, however; TR believed that big business was a natural part of a maturing economy and, therefore, saw no reason to abolish it. He never suggested fundamentally altering American society or the economy to address various economic and social ills. In fact, he often stated that there must be reform in order to stave off socialism; if government did not act, the people would turn to more extreme measures to seek remedies. In addition, TR was a politician who understood the need to compromise in order to implement his ideas. Coming into office following William McKinley's assassination, Roosevelt pledged to maintain the fallen President's policies so as not to upset the nation in a time of mourning. And even when he began to chart his own course, Roosevelt knew that he had to work with congressional Republicans to get the G.O.P. nomination for President in 1904.

Explanation:

Which of the spanish, french, or english explorers after columbus do you think was the most important? why do you think so?

Answers

Importance Yes, Admiration NO. Hernán Cortés, a Spanish conquistador, was important because he was given eleven ships and about six hundred men to take to the coast of Mexico and to set up a trading post. He was one of the biggest cases of exceeding expectations in history. He and his small force conquered the mighty Aztecs withs military ability, diplomatic talent, relentless determination, and ruthlessness. Genocide is abhorrent in all its forms. 

Final answer:

Spanish explorers like Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro had a profound impact on the expansion of Spain's empire and its culture. They sought gold, glory, and the spread of Catholicism, with their conquests leading to significant wealth and the integration of new territories into the Spanish realm.

Explanation:

Assessing the impact of the various explorers after Columbus involves a consideration of their contributions to the expansion of empires, the spread of culture, and the implications of their discoveries. Spanish explorers, particularly Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro, were instrumental in the immense territorial and cultural expansion of the Spanish Empire. Their conquests in Central and South America led to significant wealth and status for Spain, and integrated new lands and peoples into the Spanish realm. The actions of these explorers were driven by the desires for gold, glory, and the expansion of Catholicism, as well as the pursuit of personal honor and hereditary privilege.

Examining the importance of Spanish exploration, it's clear that it had a profound effect on the expansion of Spain's empire and the development of Spanish Renaissance culture. These explorations were deemed critical by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella for two main reasons: they wanted to expand Catholicism and to gain a commercial advantage over Portugal. The Treaty of Tordesillas, which awarded vast territories to Spain and Portugal, catalyzed the exploration and colonization efforts and shaped the geopolitical landscape of the New World.

Therefore, considering their lasting impact on the course of world history, it is arguable that the Spanish explorers after Columbus, such as Cortés and Pizarro, may be considered the most important for their role in the transformation of the Americas, which included the establishment of long-lasting colonies and the integration of New World riches into the European economy.

based on source 1, how describe the different aspects of a medieval manor

Answers

The way that the medieval christian church both limited and protected women was by allowing them to hold positions of great responsibility as abbesses of convents. The only options that a women had in the medieval period were to marry or to become a nun. If they became nuns, they would have to live behind the wall of a monastery, living a life of contemplation, prayer and work.

Within the context of the national banking act of 1863, explain what is meant by a dual banking system.

Answers

Refers to the parallel state and federal banking systems that co-exist in the United States.

How do you think life along the Nile River might have been different if it did not flood regularly.

Answers

If it weren't for flooding, the soil near the river would not be as fertile as it was thanks to the Nile River flooding. Thus, people who lived near the river wouldn't be able to farm as effectively as before which would affect their economy and rate of survival quite drastically. For growth and development of a community, it is important that the soil be fertile, which usually happens when a river floods.

What action affected the second Bank of the United States after Jackson's reelection?

Answers

The correct answer is Jackson Removed the Bank's federal fund and placed them in statebanks.

What new project requires 100 million high-tech sensors?

Answers

The planlt valley community

Answer:  The correct answer is : PlanlT Valley Project

Explanation:  The PlanIT Valley project of the Living PlanIT team will deploy 100 million sensors in 17 km2, in order to seamlessly integrate and connect a whole city with wireless sensor networks. There are currently architects who are analyzing the construction of cities through the software industry.

The first anglo trader that traveled overland to california was

Answers

Jedediah Smith who was an explorer of the Rocky Mountains and a pioneer. He was the first anglo to go across the Mojave Desert into California. He along with his companions were also the first to the Sierra Nevada along with the Great Basin Desert. 

Why does martin luther king use chiasmus in his letter from birmingham jail?

Answers

King and his supporters had been labeled as extremists. By using chiasmus ("So the question is not whether we will be extremists, but what kind of extremists we will be"), King manages to turn the attack upside down, appropriating the term instead of rejecting it. His point is that there is nothing wrong with being an extremist for love. Jesus was also such an extremist.

By the way, chiasmus is a figure of speech in which two clauses are presented in their regular order, and then reversed. 

how does madison justify the new central government envisioned in the constitution?

Answers

According to Madison, he justified the new central government that was stated in the Constitution by pointing out that the new central government had a check and balance of power. The new central government was a model for modern democracy which consisted of three separate government bodies that would check and balance each other so that none will abuse power. If all three powers of the government abuse the power, then the people themselves will have the right to overthrow the government through impeachment or revolt. 

Madison justifies the new central government envisioned in the Constitution through several key arguments presented in the Federalist Papers, particularly in Federalist No. 10 and Federalist No. 51.

In Federalist No. 10, Madison addresses the problem of factions, which are groups of citizens with interests contrary to the rights of others or the interests of the community as a whole. He argues that a large republic would be less prone to the dangers of factionalism than a small one. In a large republic, there would be a greater number of factions and interests, making it more difficult for any single faction to dominate. This diversity would help protect the public good and prevent tyranny by a majority faction.

Madison also introduces the concept of an extended republic, where the size and diversity of the nation would serve as a safeguard against the tyranny of the majority. He posits that in an extensive republic, it would be harder for factions to form a majority to oppress minority groups. The larger the sphere of government, the more likely it is that a variety of interests and opinions will be represented, thus promoting a more balanced and moderate legislation.

In Federalist No. 51, Madison further elaborates on the separation of powers and the system of checks and balances that would be inherent in the new Constitution. He explains that the division of government into separate branches—legislative, executive, and judicial—with each branch having the ability to check the others, would prevent any one branch from gaining too much power. This structure would ensure that the government could control the governed, but also that it would be controlled itself.

Madison's arguments are rooted in the idea that human nature includes a variety of interests and passions that can lead to conflict. The new central government, with its system of checks and balances and its large, diverse republic, would be best suited to manage these conflicts and protect individual rights while promoting the common good.

In summary, Madison justifies the new central government by emphasizing the benefits of a large and diverse republic to mitigate the effects of factionalism, and by advocating for a separation of powers with checks and balances to prevent the concentration of power and protect against tyranny. These principles are foundational to the structure and function of the United States government as outlined in the Constitution.

In what 1972 cases did the court rule that an attorney must be provided in all criminal cases where the penalty includes imprisonment?
a. gideon v. wainwright
b. strickland v. washington
c. burger v. kemp
d. argersinger v. hamlin

Answers

The answer is Gideon v. Wainwright

The 1972 case that ruled an attorney must be provided in all criminal cases where the penalty includes imprisonment is Argersinger v. Hamlin.

In the 1972 case of Argersinger v. Hamlin, the Supreme Court ruled that an attorney must be provided in all criminal cases where the penalty includes imprisonment. While the earlier case of Gideon v. Wainwright in 1963 guaranteed the right to counsel for felony cases, it was Argersinger v. Hamlin that extended this principle to any criminal case where imprisonment could be imposed, ensuring that even those accused of misdemeanors would not be jailed without the benefit of legal representation.

WILL MAKE FIRST RIGHT ANSWER BRAINLIEST!

Select all that apply. The Egyptians modified the chariot in what two ways?

-moved the axle to the rear of the platform
-made them of lightweight tin
-added extra wheels
-made them out of wood and leather

Answers

moved the axle to the rear of the platfrom
made from wood and leather

Answer:

The correct answers are: "moved the axle to the rear of the platform" and "made them out of wood and leather".

Explanation:

In ancient Egypt, the chariot was a type of carriage used for military purposes and also used by the elite and royalty for hunting purposes. The Egyptians modified the chariot by moving the axle to the rear of the platform which reduced friction and gave support to the chariot since it rested in the axle. Also, Egyptians made the chariot out of wood and leather, particularly the axle were made out of wood and the rim of the wheels was made out leather.

Why was there a movement to establish community mental health centers in the 1960s?

Answers

There was a movement because the movement believed that social integration and inclusivity was important for those who have mental health issues and that alienating them or abandoning them does not do good to anyone. This is why they started placing an emphasis on community acceptance instead of treatment.
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