How does oxygen and nutrients reach the deeper zones?

Answers

Answer 1
The amount of OXYGEN dissolved in ocean waters quickly decreases with depth
to reach a minimum at around 1000 m of depth.
phytoplanktonic organisms produce enormpus amounts of oxygen through photosynthesis.
But oxygen is also used up very quickly by animals that live in the water:
at depth (beyond the photic zone, around 100 m)
oxygen can not be produced (lack of sunlight) and whatever amount is present is rapidly consumed:
as a consequence, oxygen is quickly depleted below 100 m
in the Bathypelagic and the Abyssopelagic zones there are less and less consumers, so oxygen is not used up at the same rate it is in surface waters.
In shallow waters there is plenty of sunlight, and as a consequence
nutrients are depleted pretty quickly by the abundance of marine life.
As soon as we move below the photic zone, where animal life decreases significantly,
nutrients start to increase again, reaching a maximum by the base of the Mesopelagic zone,
essentially in coincidence with the oxygen minimum.
Past that point, nutrients decrease very slowly because only few organisms live there.
At these depths, organisms are not very abundant because of the harsh conditions for life we encounter here:
they can survive, with no light at all and under enormous hydrostatic pressure,
only because of the presence of oxygen brought at depth by deep currents (which are, again, density-driven)
and of the slightly increased amounts of nutrients.
This diagram shows the variations of oxygen and nutrients (here represented by the phosphate ion) with depth in ocean waters.
surface-water circulation
Surface-water circulation is wind-driven: the wind drags the surface waters of Earth's oceans in gigantic gyres
centered in the northern and southern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and in the southern Indian Ocean.
These gyres rotate clockwise in the northern hemisphere and counter-clockwise in the southern hemisphere (Coriolis effect).
We have already seen that surface-water circulation is wind-driven.
Deep-water circulation instead is density-driven
This means that differences in water density cause motion of water masses at depth.
Density (mass over volume) changes with changing salinity and temperature of the ocean:
higher salinity implies higher density (and viceversa)
while higher temperatures imply lower density.
Tropical waters are warmer than polar waters because of more intense solar radiation around the equator:
as long as surface waters are warm, they can never sink to the bottom of the ocean.
Surface waters can only sink to the bottom when their density is the same or higher than that of deep waters.
This happens for instance in the North Atlantic ocean, where the formation of ice pack
causes a very cold water mass to slightly increase its salinity (and hence its density);
and all around Antarctica, where the extremely cold temperatures create similar conditions.
In the figure, pink indicates warm waters, while blue indicates cold waters.
while darker pink indicates waters that are always warm (tropical waters, between about 30°N and 30°S).
Light blue indicates the North Atlantic Deep Water, a very dense body of water that sinks to the bottom
but is still less dense then the Antarctic Bottom Water (in darker blue)
a higher amount of solar radiation reaches Earth around the equator,
where temperatures are on average higher than at higher latitudes.
We would expect that higher temperatures in ocean waters would cause
a greater amount of water evaporation, and therefore an increase in ocean salinity.
But when we observe salinity variations, we notice that the higher values
are found around 23° of latitude instead.
This occurs because of the high level of precipitation in equatorial areas, where rain water dilutes the salinity of the ocean.
Areas around the tropics, up to 30° N and S, are extremely dry (that is where most of Earth desert are found).
While the heat is still enough to cause substantial evaporation,
precipitation is extremely scarce or absent.
The consequence is an increase in salinity at these latitudes (known as the tropics).
The density of the ocean water is affected mainly by its temperature and its salinity.Temperature and salinity vary consistently with latitude only at the surface.At depth they remain essentially constant, and as a consequence the density too does not change much.In this graph we can see how density of the ocean waters,when measured at low latitudes (solid red line) increases quickly between ca. 100 m and 1000.This vertical interval of rapid density increase is defined as the pycnocline.where mixing with the atmosphere occurs.Below the mixed layer we distinguish between upper and deep waters: the Upper water coincides with the pycnoclineand is found above what is called the Deep water, where conditions are more stable

Related Questions

screaming into a pillow would be reflection, refraction, or absorption

Answers

This would be an example of absorption because the pillow absorbs the noise. Reflection would be if the pillow returned the noise at you, and refraction would be if it moved the noise to a different direction.
this would be an example of absorption.

what is the electron structure of sodium

Answers

the electron structure of sodium is [Ne] 3s1
Sodium is a high reactive element that contains a symbol Na and atomic number 11. Since Sodium contains 11 electrons, its electron structure will be 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1. The structure of an atom shows the order of its electrons located around the nucleus.

The lantern fish is a marine animal that has the unique ability to produce its own light. Why would these organisms most likely be found in deeper ocean zones?

There is less light in deeper ocean zones.
It is cooler in deeper ocean zones.
There is more pressure in deeper ocean zones.
There is less oxygen in deeper ocean zones.

Answers

These creatures use this ability to attract others to hunt them.
In depth of ocean where there's no light they are attractive to prey.
on the other hand in that depth there is less hunters to compete with them,so they can use from this talent to provide their food.

Answer:

The correct answer is first statement.

Explanation:

The lanternfish refers to a fish that thrives in deep-water and has got its name due to the tendency to generate light. The light is produced by the small organs called photophores. Within the photophore, a chemical reaction occurs that produces light and the whole process is termed as bioluminescence. Due to less light in deeper water zones, these fishes are found there as they possess the tendency to generate their own light. These fishes are basically found in the disphotic or in the twilight zone.

Where does carbohydrate production occur in a chloroplast

Answers

carbohydrates form in the stroma

Answer:

in the stroma

Explanation:

apex

conversion of glucose units into starch
conversion of fructose and glucose units to form sucrose
conversion of cellulose into glucose units

Answers

The question says: which of these processes is an example of hydrolysis?
From the option given above, the correct option is: CONVERSION OF CELLULOSE INTO GLUCOSE UNITS.
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction which involves the break down of a compound into smaller units as a result of reaction with water.
If cellulose is broken down through hydrolysis it will yields glucose.
Final answer:

The question discusses the biochemical processes of the conversion of glucose into starch, fructose and glucose into sucrose, and cellulose into glucose.

Explanation:

The processes described involve the conversion of different types of sugar units. Firstly, the conversion of glucose units into starch occurs in plants as a means to store excess glucose produced during photosynthesis. This involves linking glucose molecules together to form a polysaccharide starch. Secondly, the conversion of fructose and glucose units to form sucrose is another common biochemical process. Sucrose is a disaccharide made by combining a glucose unit and a fructose unit. Lastly, the conversion of cellulose into glucose units represents the breakdown process where organisms, especially those living in the gut of animals, can convert cellulose back into glucose for their energy needs.

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Why does salt melt frogs

Answers

Frogs have very moist skin, when the come in contact with the salt it burns the frog and quickly dehydrates the frog and can result in death for the frog.
Final answer:

Salt doesn't melt frogs; this is a misunderstanding relating to its effect on ice, where it lowers the freezing point. In a biological sense, salt can harm amphibians like frogs through osmosis by dehydrating their tissues. Understanding biological responses to chemical cues can be studied using controlled experiments.

Explanation:

Salt does not literally 'melt' frogs. The confusion might stem from the way salt can affect ice and living tissue. When salt is used on icy roads, it works by lowering the freezing point of water, causing ice to melt at lower temperatures. This is due to the salt disrupting the orderly arrangement of water molecules in ice, making it harder for water to remain solid. The salts commonly used are rock salt (NaCl) and calcium chloride (CaCl2).

In the biological context, if we consider how salt affects amphibians like frogs, the concept of osmosis is key. Frogs, being amphibians, have semi-permeable skin that allows for the passage of water and certain solutes. If a frog were to come into contact with a highly concentrated salt solution, it would lead to dehydration of its tissues due to water moving out of its cells to balance the salt concentration, which could cause harm to the frog.

Experimental Design in Biology

In biology, experiments such as the one involving salamanders described above can help us understand animal behavior in response to chemical cues. To test if frogs use chemical detection for predator avoidance, a similar setup could be used where water containing chemicals from predatory fish is introduced to a frog's environment, and the frog's behavior is observed for any changes indicating detection of the predator.

Which of the following is not true of reproduction in a pine tree? A) the polloen tube contains two diploid sperm. B) the zygote grows into the embryo.

Answers

B. is not true so that is your answer.

Which term means "spying”? tension escalated divided espionage

Answers

Definition of espionage: the practice of spying or of using spies, typically to obtain political or military information.
ANSWER: espionage

Definition of espionage: the practice of spying or of using spies, typically to obtain political or military information.

Which of the following occurs during photosynthesis? A. CO2 is used to produce water B. CO2 is absorbed by mitochondria C. CO2 and H2O are converted to carbohydrates D. CO2 and H20 are combined into carbonic acid

Answers

C. CO2 and H20 are converted to carbohydrates 
The answer is C.) C0₂ and H₂0 are converted to carbohydrates.

The potato weighs 7.95 oz. how many calories is her potato?

Answers

175 plus whatever Barbara chooses to put on it.

a living thing which carries out the seven life processes

Answers

Final answer:

An organism is a living thing that carries out the seven life processes: order, sensitivity or response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development, regulation, homeostasis, and energy processing. Each of these processes is fundamental to life and is demonstrated by all forms of living beings, from single-celled organisms to complex multicellular beings.

Explanation:

A living thing that carries out the seven life processes is typically referred to as an organism. These life processes include order, sensitivity or response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development, regulation, homeostasis, and energy processing. All organisms, from single-celled bacteria to complex multicellular humans, exhibit these fundamental characteristics that define life.

For example, organisms maintain order by having well-organized, structured bodies and cellular systems. They show sensitivity by responding to changes in their environment. Organisms also reproduce to propagate their species, grow and develop from immature stages to mature forms and perform regulation and homeostasis to maintain a stable, internal environment. They also engage in energy processing to carry out life activities.

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The theory of biological evolution has never been demonstrated by using the scientific method? True or false?

Answers

i think the answer is true

The number of trout in a lake drops when the lake is polluted. The trout population later increases, but the allele frequency is different than it was before the pollution. What type of situation is this?

Answers

The fish adapted to the polluted water, so it's a form of evolution

Answer:

The process that occurred in the lake is natural selection. In the presence of an external environmental influence such as the pollution, only the trouts that were fit to survive or in other words those that have the alleles that help in adapting to the new conditions live and increased in numbers. In such a case, one can say the fittest of the organisms survived and the corresponding allelic frequency in that population increased over time. The organisms carrying the other alleles died due to pollution and hence the overall frequency of alleles change.

Describe how scientific law is like societal law

Answers

The law describes phenomenas.
The scientific law is a statement- description of an observed natural phenomena that is based on repeated experimental observations.
The social laws on the other hand are common agreements between people that may exist. They are also obtained from observations.
The difference is that scientific law exist and societal laws may exist.

Which bases are found in a strand of DNA

A. Thymine, guanine, cytosine, uracil

B. Guanine, cytosine, uracil, adenine

C. Cytosine, glycine, adenine, thymine

D. Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

Answers

The answer is choice D.
The answer is d hope this helps 

Which of the following levels of organization is the smallest? Kingdom Species Family Genus

Answers

The correct answer is: [B]:  "species" .
__________________________________________________
Note:
__________________________________________________
In sequential order, from largest to smallest:

"Kingdom --> Phylum ---> Class ---> Order --> Family --> Genus --> Species".
__________________________________________________
Note:  This is one of the many "mnemonic devices" used to remember this sequential order:

"Kings Play Chess On Fine Grained Sand."
__________________________________________________________

Making an educated guess on the results of an experiment based on your observations in the hypothesis is called making a

Answers

It is called making a PREDICTION.
Prediction refers to an act of forecasting about a particular matter. In scientific investigation, to predict means you are explaining what is going to be the likely results of the experiment which you are about to carry out. Your prediction might be wrong or right.

on what does the allelic frequency in a population depend

A:Gene Pool
B: Ancestors
C: Gene Flow
D: Genetic Drift

Answers

the correct answer would be D my friend had this same question on FLVS and this was correct :) 

Answer:

( D) Genetic Drift is a correct answer

Explanation:

Allele frequency in a population depend on Genetic Drift because:

Due to Genetic Drift allele frequencies is changed within a population by the error in the sampling, It results in a large change in the populations within a short period.

Allele frequency is used to measure the relative frequency of different alleles of the particular gene in the population.

Which of the following is not part of the cell theory?

All cells come from other cells.

All organisms are made of cells.

Cells are responsible for body movement.

Cells are the basic unit of life.

Answers

cells are responsible for body movement is not apart of the cell theory

An individual cell is able to make copies of its genetic information but it's unable to produce encoded proteins. this indicates a possible problem with the

Answers

This indicates a possible problem with the ribosome of the cell. Ribosomes in cells are responsible for translation the genetic codes in mRNA to appropriate proteins with the help of tRNA. mRNA, rRNA, tRNA and ribosome work together during protein synthesis to produce chains of amino acids that are linked together by polypeptide bonds.

Almost all animals except _____ have either radial or bilateral symmetry.

sponges
tunicates
clams
insects

Answers

Almost all animals except sponges have wither radial or bilateral symmetry.
Sponges :)  They have an asymmetrical body. 

When water percolates through the ground where does it go?

A. It becomes runoff

B. It evaporates

C. It enters and aquifer

D. It condenses

Answers

When water percolates (or move downward) through openings in soil, it enters and replenishes aquifers under the ground. 
C. It enters an aquifer


Why are decomposers important?
 

They break down dead and decaying organic material.

They return nutrients and elements to a usable form in the environment.

They consume the most energy of all the trophic levels.

Both A & B are correct.

Answers

Both A and B are correct. 

Which of the following is a subatomic particle located inside the nucleus of an atom

Answers

Hello. 

The subatomic particles located inside of the nucleus of an atom consist of protons and neutrons.

Protons and neutrons are the subatomic particles located inside the nucleus; electrons, which are the smallest and negatively charged, orbit outside the nucleus.

Protons carry a positive electric charge and, along with the neutral neutrons, they provide most of the mass of the atom. The electron, which is the smallest of the three types of subatomic particles and carries a negative charge, is found outside the nucleus. Electrons orbit the nucleus in various shells and subshells and contribute to the atom's overall size.

Commensalism is when one organism ________ and the other is ___________.

benefits; harmed
benefits; unaffected
benefits; helped
benefits; hurt

Answers

benefits; unaffected

The tropopause is _____.

Answers

the distance between the troposphere and the stratosphere 

Going upward from the surface, it is the point where air ceases to cool with height, and becomes almost completely dry. More formally, the tropopause is the region of the atmosphere where the environmental lapse rate changes from positive, as it behaves in the troposphere, to the stratospheric negative one. Following is the exact definition used by the World Meteorological Organization:

The boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere, where an abrupt change in lapse rate usually occurs. It is defined as the lowest level at which the lapse rate decreases to 2 °C/km or less, provided that the average lapse rate between this level and all higher levels within 2 km does not exceed 2 °C/km.[1] for example

Explain how the water cycle functions because of change in matter.

Answers

molecules are formed

The water cycle, fundamental for life on Earth, operates through changes in the state of water. Powered by the sun, water changes between solid, liquid, and gas phases through evaporation, condensation, sublimation, and precipitation.

Matter, including water, undergoes cycles involving changes in state on Earth. The water cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle, efficiently recycles water, which is a process that has maintained the presence of water on Earth for billions of years. In the water cycle, changing states of water play a crucial role as water transitions between being a solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (water vapor).

Physical processes such as evaporation and sublimation cause water to change from liquid to gas and from solid directly to gas, respectively. These processes are driven by the sun's energy, which heats the water on Earth's surface, leading to these state changes. Another process, condensation, turns water vapor back into liquid water to form clouds. This liquid or frozen water falls back to Earth as precipitation (rain or snow), completing a portion of the cycle. Water can then infiltrate into the ground or become surface runoff, flowing back into oceans and lakes, where it can once again evaporate or sublimate, repeating the cycle.

The continuous recycling of water through these physical processes ensures that it remains available as a vital resource for all living organisms, supporting diverse biological and ecological functions.

what is the electromagnetic spectrum?

Answers

The most basic answer is that the electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all the wavelengths (frequencies) of electromagnetic radiations. It basically describes the range of light in our universe.

Visible light is the only part of the EM spectrum we can see, but there are many kinds of invisible light waves. There are seven kinds of wavelengths in the EM spectrum: radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray, and gamma. Radio waves have the lowest frequency, and therefore have the largest wavelengths, which means that gamma rays have the highest frequencies and smallest wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum. 

The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all the wavelengths (frequencies) of electromagnetic radiation.

What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

A group of electromagnetic waves that travel at the speed of light and are produced by sources of the electromagnetic field is known as electromagnetic radiation.

We can only see a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum (EM spectrum), although there are many other types of invisible light waves.

The electromagnetic spectrum (EM spectrum) has seven different wavelength types: radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray, and gamma.

Therefore, in the electromagnetic spectrum, gamma rays have the greatest frequencies and smallest wavelengths since radio waves have the lowest frequency and consequently the biggest wavelengths.

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A rare form of mineral that is usually very clear and brightly colored

Answers

An uncommon and clear splendidly hued mineral is known as a gemstone. The variety frequently results from minor components inside the mineral.

Models incorporate emeralds (green from chromium) and amethysts (purple from iron). Gemstones, similar to precious stones and emeralds, are exceptionally valued for their lucidity and energetic varieties, which result from explicit minor components inside the minerals. For instance, emeralds get their green tone from limited quantities of chromium, while amethysts are purple because of the presence of iron. Notwithstanding, variety alone can be questionable for distinguishing proof in light of the fact that numerous minerals can show a large number of varieties in view of their pollutions.

Complete question as follows:

A rare form of mineral that is usually very clear and brightly colored  is known what ?

NEED Answer ASAP!!

which answer correctly compares the krebs cycle and the electron transport chain?
A. both are aerobic and focus on breaking down organic molecules.
B.both occur in the mitochondria and result in producing more ATP.
C.both are anaerobic and occur inside the mitochondria.
D. both occur in the cytoplasm and result in producing more ATP.

Answers

B. both occur in the mitochondria and result in producing more ATP.

Both the processes takes place in mitochondria and result in producing more ATP. The correct option is B.

What is mitochondria?

Mitochondria are bilayer cell organelles that produce the majority of the chemical energy required to power the cell's biochemical reactions (mitochondrion, singular).

The mitochondrial energy is stored in a small molecule known as adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

Mitochondria convert chemical energy from food in the cell to energy usable by the host cell by using oxygen available within the cell.

The process is known as oxidative phosphorylation, and it occurs within mitochondria.

The Krebs cycle and electron transport chain processes occur in mitochondria and result in the production of more ATP.

In turn, ATP serves as the primary energy source for the majority of biochemical and physiological processes, including growth, movement, and homeostasis.

Thus, the correct option is B.

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