How many grams of aluminum hydroxide is in 4.41 mol of Al(OH)^3?

Answer:

[tex]\boxed{ \text{21 mol}}[/tex]

Explanation:

(a) Balanced equation

You haven't given the complete reaction, but we can use a partial equation so long as Cl is balanced.

3Cl₂ + … ⟶ 2FeCl₃ + …

(b). Calculation

You want to convert moles of FeCl₃  to moles of Cl₂

The molar ratio is 3 mol Cl₂:2 mol FeCl₃

[tex]\text{Moles of Cl$_{2}$} =\text{14 mol FeCl$_{3}$} \times \dfrac{\text{3 mol Cl$_{2}$}}{\text{2 mol FeCl$_{3}$}} = \text{21 mol Cl$_{2}$}\\\\\text{You need }\boxed{ \textbf{21 mol of Cl$_{2}$}}\text{ to form 14 mol of FeCl$_{3}$}.[/tex]

Answer:

Chemical change

Explanation:

Chemical changes occur through chemical reactions. In a chemical reactions, reactants combines together and gives new products.  Chemical change is a kind of change in which new products are formed as a result of different bond combinations. They are often associated with the evolution and use of energy.

Chemical changes are not easily reversible and they require a considerable amount of energy. Examples of chemical changes are combustion, rusting of iron, precipitation e.t.c.

Answer:

[tex]\boxed{_{84}^{210}\text{Po} \longrightarrow \, _{82}^{206}\text{Pb} + \,_{2}^{4}\text{He}}[/tex]

Explanation:

The unbalanced nuclear equation is

[tex]_{84}^{210}\text{Po} \longrightarrow \, ? + \,_{2}^{4}\text{He}[/tex]

It is convenient to replace the question mark by an atomic symbol, [tex]_{x}^{y}\text{Z}[/tex], where x = the atomic number, y = the mass number, and Z = the symbol of the element .

Then your equation becomes

[tex]_{84}^{210}\text{Po} \longrightarrow \, _{x}^{y}\text{Z} + \,_{2}^{4}\text{He}[/tex]

The main point to remember in balancing nuclear equations is that **the sums of the superscripts and the subscripts must be the same on each side of the equation**.  

Then

84 = x + 2, so x = 84 - 2 = 82

210 = y + 4, so y = 206

Element 82 is lead, so the nuclear equation becomes

[tex]\boxed{_{84}^{210}\text{Po} \longrightarrow \, _{82}^{206}\text{Pb} + \,_{2}^{4}\text{He}}[/tex]

When 210Po undergoes alpha decay it emits an alpha particle (2 protons and 2 neutrons). As a result its atomic number decreases by 2 and mass number decreases by 4 transforming it into the element Lead (Pb).

When an atom of 210Po undergoes alpha decay, it emits an alpha particle, which consists of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. This results in a reduction of the atomic number by 2 and the mass number by 4. The atomic number specifies the identity of an element, so when 210Po (Polonium with atomic number 84) loses 2 protons the resulting atomic number is 82, which corresponds to the element Lead (Pb). Hence after the emission of an alpha particle from a 210Po atom, the resulting element is lead (Pb).

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Answer:

Explanation:

Inertiness of the noble gases refers to their lack of reactivity, i.e. the stability provided by a full valence electron shell.

The noble gases are He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rd, and, the most recently discovered, Og.

They are located in the last column (18) of the periodic table.

Then, when you do the electron configuration of the noble gases, you find they have the outermost prinicpal energy level full. These are their electron configurations using the abbreviated form:

Being their valence orbitals full, these elements will not be very likely to exchange or share electrons, which is the reason of their inertness.

This does not mean that they do not react at all. Xe and F (the most reactive nonmetal) form some compounds.

The inertness of noble gases is due to their full outer electron shells, resulting in high ionization energies and low electron affinities which make them resistant to forming chemical bonds.

The inertness of the noble gases is fundamentally due to their electronic configuration. Noble gases like helium, neon, argon, etc., all have their outer shell completely filled, usually achieving what is known as a full octet for elements beyond helium. This stable configuration of ns²p⁶ (where 'n' is the principal quantum number) in the valence shell means that they have high ionization energies, making it very difficult for these atoms to lose an electron. Similarly, their electron affinity is very low, as any gained electron would have to enter a higher energy level, making the binding of an extra electron quite weak. Consequently, noble gases are resistant to forming chemical bonds and are unreactive under normal conditions, aside from heavier noble gases like xenon that can form compounds under specific, high-energy conditions.

Answer:

Explanation:

Ionic compounds, such as covalent ones, have zero net charge; this is, they are neutral.

Substances with net positive charge are cations and substances with net negative charge are anions.

The charges in the ionic compound calcium flouride are distributed in this way:

So, a two positve charge, from one calcium ion, is equal to two negative charges, from two fluoride tions, yielding a zero net charge.

Answer:

Fluorine > Selenium > Arsenic > Potassium > Argon

Explanation:

Electron affinity describes the ability or readiness or tendency of an atom to gain an electron.

The higher the value, the higher the tendency. Electron affinity depends on the on the nuclear charge and atomic radius. When nuclear charge is more, electron affinity is high, when atomic radius increases electron affinity reduces.

Noble gases such as Helium, Neon, and Argon would have 0 affinity for electrons because of their stable electronic configuration. From the list, Ar is the least in terms of electron affinity.

Potassium is a metal with large electropositivity which describes the tendency of an atom to lose electrons. Potassium would readily lose electrons instead of gaining.

Between Arsenic and Selenium: Arsenic belongs to group V and Selenium group VI. The two elements both belong to period IV on the periodic table. Across a period, electron affinity increases due to increase in nuclear charge. Therefore, Selenium would have a greater electron affinity compared to Arsenic.

Fluorine has the highest electron affinity of all. It needs just an electron to complete its octet.

The ordering from highest to lowest electron affinity among Fluorine, Selenium, Arsenic, Potassium, and Argon is likely Fluorine > Selenium > Arsenic > Argon > Potassium. This ranking considers each element's tendency and willingness to accept an additional electron to form a negative ion.

The question asks to rank Fluorine, Selenium, Arsenic, Potassium, and Argon by electron affinity. Electron affinity refers to how readily an atom accepts an additional electron to form a negatively charged ion, with a more negative EA value indicating greater attraction for the incoming electron.

Starting with Fluorine, with an electron affinity (EA) of -322 kJ/mol, which has a high electron affinity due to its atomic number (nine) and seven electrons in its valence shell, making it highly likely to bond with other atoms. However, its small valence shell size (n = 2) causes significant repulsion with other electrons already present.

Next is Argon, a noble gas that generally exhibits low electron affinities due to fully-filled valence orbitals, meaning they don't tend to attract additional electrons. Potassium and other alkali metals traditionally have very low (positive or close to zero) electron affinities since they prefer to lose an electron to achieve a stable electron configuration.

Lastly, nonmetals like Selenium and Arsenic, usually have higher electron affinities since they're more likely to gain an electron to complete their valence shells. Based on the trends in the periodic table, the rank from highest electron affinity to lowest would most likely be: Fluorine > Selenium > Arsenic > Argon > Potassium.

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Answer:

1.5 atm.

Explanation:

where, P is the pressure of the gas in atm.

V is the volume of the gas in L.

n is the no. of moles of the gas in mol.

R  is the general gas constant,

T is the temperature of the gas in K.

(P₁V₁T₂) = (P₂V₂T₁)

P₁ = 3.65 atm, V₁ = 22.4 L, T₁ = 22°C + 273 = 295 K,

P₂ = ??? atm, V₂ = 57.4 L, T₂ = 38°C + 273 = 311 K,

(P₁V₁T₂) = (P₂V₂T₁)

∴ P₂ = (P₁V₁T₂)/(V₂T₁) = (3.65 atm)(22.4 L)(311 K)/(57.4 atm)(295 L) = 1.5 atm.

Final answer:

Using the combined gas law, the new pressure of the nitrogen gas after it is expanded to 57.4 L and heated to 38
°C is approximately 1.267 atm.

Explanation:

To calculate the new pressure of the nitrogen gas after expansion and heating, we can use the combined gas law, which is an amalgamation of Boyle's, Charles', and Gay-Lussac's laws:

P1V1/ T1 = P2 V2/ T2,

where P1 and P2 are the initial and final pressures, V1 and V2 are the initial and final volumes, and T1 and T2 are the initial and final temperatures in Kelvin. Applying the given values:

P1 = 3.65 atm

V1 = 22.4 L

T1 = 22 °C + 273 = 295 K

V2 = 57.4 L

T2 = 38 °C + 273 = 311 K

By plugging these values into the combined gas law, we can solve for P2:

3.65 atm 22.4 L / 295 K = P2  57.4 L / 311 K

Now solve for P2:

P2 = (3.65 atm 22.4 L / 295 K) (311 K / 57.4 L)

After calculating, the final pressure P2 is found to be approximately 1.267 atm (when rounded to three significant figures).

Answer:

37.98 kPa.

Explanation:

where, P is the pressure of the gas in atm.

V is the volume of the gas in L.

n is the no. of moles of the gas in mol.

R  is the general gas constant,

T is the temperature of the gas in K.

(P₁V₁) = (P₂V₂)

P₁ = 101.3 kPa, V₁ = 1.5 L,

P₂ = ??? kPa, V₂ = 4.0 L.

(P₁V₁) = (P₂V₂)

∴ P₂ = (P₁V₁)/V₂ = (101.3 kPa)(1.5 L)/(4.0 L) = 37.98 kPa.

Answer:

After measuring the solute, Carl should first dissolve the solid in a small amount of DI water before diluting to the total volume.

Explanation:

To ensure that all the solute dissolves in the solution, first dissolve the solid in less than the total volume of solution needed.

Molarity is the moles of solute dissolved in 1 liter of the solution.

1 M NaCl solution is 1 moles of NaCl in 1 L of the solution.

Here the solute is NaCl and its molar mass is 58.44 g/mol. So measuring out 58.44 g of NaCl gives 1 moles of NaCl. Carl then added water to bring the volume up to 1 Liter. Carl's lab technique is correct.

Answer: D. with the others in the car

In the frame of reference when you look at others riding with you in the car, they look motionless but yet are moving. If we look at a moving car from outside of the car, it appears in motion. Now if you happen to be running at the same speed as the car and you look over it would appear motionless again.

Any questions please feel free to ask. Thanks!

Answer:

The best answer to the question: In what frame of reference would you be at rest while riding in a car, would be, indeed, D: the others in the car.

Explanation:

The reason for this being the correct answer comes mostly from the way that our brains perceive movement, or rest, depending on the motion, or state of movement, of others and of things. In this case, we are being to ask when we would perceive ourselves to be in a state of rest while being inside a moving vehicle, relative to other subjects and objects around. Since the car is moving, if the person looks out the window towards people on the streets, or a child pulling a wagon, or a bridge over a highway, the perception will be that I am moving, relative to the others, and therefore, I am not at rest. But in the moving vehicle, with others in the same state as I am, those people are static and so am I, and therefore I can assume that in this frame of reference, I am at rest while riding a car.

Answer:

B

Explanation:

The equilibrium expression is

[products]/[reactants] and each is raised to its molar coefficient.

So:

[H2}^2[O2]/[H2O]^2

Answer:

Explanation:

This table shows how the electron configurations of the representative groups can be compared.

Group        last shell of the electron configuration

1                 n s¹

2                n s²

13               n s² p¹

14               n s² p²

15               n s² p³

16               n s² p⁴

17               n s² p⁵

18               n s² p⁶

That means that, for example, that the electron configurations of all the elements of the group 17, halogens (F, Cl, Br, I, At, Ts) terminate is n s² p⁵, where n is the principal quantum number (main energy level), which may take the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7.

And this structure shows the reason behind the similarity of the chemical properties of the elements within a group, given that the outermost electrons, i.e the valence electrons, are which mostly participate in the chemical reactions.

For the gropus 3 trhough 12, the metal transitions, the comparison must include the filling of the orbitals d and f.

Answer:

spectator ions

Explanation:

Ions that are present before and after a neutralization reaction are known as spectator ions.

Spectator ions, such as Ca²+ (aq) and NO3⁻ (aq), do not take part in chemical reactions and remain unchanged before and after the reaction. They are essential for maintaining charge neutrality but can be omitted in net ionic equations.

Ions that are present before and after a neutralization reaction are known as spectator ions. These ions, such as Ca²+ (aq) and NO3⁻ (aq) in a given equation, do not take part in the chemical reaction and remain in solution unchanged. Spectator ions are essential for maintaining charge neutrality but are not involved in the formation of the products of the reaction. In writing net ionic equations, spectator ions can be omitted to simplify the representation of the reaction.

Half-life it tells you about the amount of time needed that half of the quantity of an isotope to disintegrate.

For carbon-14, assuming that the daughter isotope is a stable one and does not disintegrate further, you have:

parent isotope           daughter isotope             years

100%                            0%                                     0

50%                             50%                                  5,730

25%                             75%                                  11,460

Answer:

(B) 73.0 hours.

Explanation:

So, the half-life of 201Tl when its concentration is 0.0136 M is (B) 73.0 hours.

Answer:

\boxed{\text{52.9 kJ/mol}}

Explanation:

To solve this problem, we must use the Arrhenius equation:

[tex]\ln \dfrac{k_{2}}{k_{1}} = \dfrac{E_{a}}{R}\left(\dfrac{1}{T_{2}} - \dfrac{1}{T_{1}}\right)[/tex]

The activation energy depends on the starting temperature, so, let's assume that

T₁ = 25 °C = 298.15 K

T₂ = 35 °C = 308.15 K

k₂/k₁ = 2

This gives

[tex]\ln \dfrac{k_{2}}{k_{1}} = \dfrac{E_{a}}{R}\left(\dfrac{1}{T_{2}} - \dfrac{1}{T_{1}}\right)\\\\\ln \dfrac{2}{1} = \dfrac{E_{a}}{8.314}\left(\dfrac{1}{308.15} - \dfrac{1}{298.15}\right)\\\\\ln 2 = \dfrac{E_{a}}{8.314}\left(3.3540 \times 10^{-3} - 3.2452\times 10^{-3}\right)\\\\8.314 \ln 2 = E_{a}\left(1.088 \times 10^{-4}\right)\\\\E_{a} = \dfrac{8.314 \ln 2}{1.088 \times 10^{-4}}\\\\E_{a} = 5.29 \times 10^{4}\text{ J/mol}\\\\E_{a} = \boxed{\textbf{52.9 kJ/mol}}[/tex]

Answer:

The answer is A.

Explanation:

The force exerted by the car is more than the force exerted by the snowball.

Answer:

In the given case, the force applied by the car is equivalent to the force applied by the snowball. According to Newton's third law of motion, when an object employs a force on the other object, then the other object applies an equivalent and opposite force on the first object, and the law also considers that the two forces are also similar in magnitude and are opposing in direction.  

In the mentioned question, it is considered that the force is applied by the snowball on the car, thus, it can be termed as the action force. Thus, the force employed by the car on the snowball is the reaction, and according to Newton's third law, the two forces are similar in magnitude, and thus, the force applied by the car is equivalent to the force applied by the snowball.  

Answer:

(B) 73.0 hours.

Explanation:

So, the half-life of 201Tl when its concentration is 0.0136 M is (B) 73.0 hours.

Lactic acid fermentation occurs in human muscle cells.

In human muscle cells, lactic acid fermentation This typically happens when there is an insufficient oxygen supply, particularly during high-intensity activities causing muscle fatigue. The process involves a chemical reaction where pyruvic acid is converted into lactic acid, with the help of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase.

The type of fermentation that occurs in human muscle cells is lactic acid fermentation. This process typically happens when there's an insufficient oxygen supply, particularly during strenuous physical activities leading to muscle fatigue. The chemical reaction of lactic acid fermentation is Pyruvic acid + NADH ↔ lactic acid + NAD+, catalyzed by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase.

When oxygen is present, pyruvic acid is used in aerobic respiration. In the absence of oxygen, it is converted into lactic acid via lactic acid fermentation. This conversion recycles the enzyme NAD+ from NADH, allowing glycolysis to continue and facilitate high-intensity energy output in short bursts. Lactic acid produced must be removed from the muscles through blood circulation and transported to the liver for further metabolism.

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Answer:

[tex]\boxed{\text{245 mL}}[/tex]

Explanation:

You are diluting the LiNO₃ solution, so you can use the dilution formula.

c₁V₁ = c₂V₂

Data:

c₁ = 5.2 mol·L⁻¹; V₁ = ?

c₂ = 1.7 mol·L⁻¹; V₂ = 750 mL

Calculations:

(a) Convert millilitres to litres

[tex]\text{750 mL} \times \dfrac{ \text{1 L}}{\text{1000 mL}} = \text{0.750 L}[/tex]

(b) Calculate the volume

5.2V₁ = 1.7 × 0.750 = 1.275

[tex]V_{1} = \dfrac{1.275}{5.2} = \text{0.245 L} = \text{245 mL}\\\\\text{You must use } \boxed{\textbf{245 mL}} \text{ of the 5.2 mol/L NaOH.}[/tex]

Answer:

Na⁺, A³⁻

Explanation:

For easy calculation, let's say you have mixed 1 L of each of these solutions to make 4 L total.

Citric acid (H₃A) has three acidic hydrogens.

The equilibria are

1. H₃A + H₂O ⇌ H₃O⁺ + H₂A⁻;   pKₐ =    3.08

2. H₂A⁻ + H₂O ⇌ H₃O⁺ + HA²⁻; pKₐ =    4.44

3. HA²⁻ + H₂O ⇌ H₃O⁺ + A³⁻;    pKₐ =   5.40

4. A³⁻ + H₂O ⇌ OH⁻ + HA²⁻ ;    pKb  =  8.60

5. 2H₂O ⇌ H₃O⁺ + OH⁻;           pKw  = 14.00

Now, we adjust to pH 9.

Let's look at the weakest acid (Equation3),

pH = pKa + log([A³⁻]/[HA²⁻])

9 = 5.40 + log([A³⁻]/[HA²⁻])

log([A³⁻]/[HA²⁻])= 3.6

[A³⁻]/[HA²⁻] = 10^3.6  = 4000

[A³⁻]= 4000[HA²⁻]

In other words, at pH 9, the weakest acid is completely neutralized. Then, the stronger acids are also completely neutralized.

It takes 3 mol of NaOH to neutralize the H₃A, 2 mol of NaOH for the NaH₂A, and 1 mol NaOH for the Na₂HA.

So, 6 mol of NaOH will neutralize the three acids, bring the pH to 9, and make a total volume of 10 L.

The final solution contains the species: H₃A, H₂A⁻, HA²⁻, A³⁻, Na⁺, H₃O⁺, and OH⁻.

Now we must assess their relative amounts.

Na⁺: 6 mol for neutralization + 6 mol in the original solution = 12 mol.  

[Na⁺] = 1.2 mol·L⁻¹

A³⁻: 1 mol from each of the four solutions = 4 mol A³⁻.

[A³⁻] = 0.4 mol·L⁻¹

The other species all have concentrations less than 10⁻⁴ mol·L⁻¹.

The major species are Na⁺ and A³⁻.

Final answer:

The major species in the solution are citric acid, sodium citrate, sodium hydrogencitrate, and sodium dihydrogencitrate.

Explanation:

The major species in the solution after combining equal volumes of 1 M solutions of citric acid, sodium citrate, sodium hydrogencitrate, and sodium dihydrogencitrate, and adjusting the pH to 9.5 using 1 M NaOH, are:

These species are formed based on the acidic and basic properties of the compounds involved.

Answer:

The nuclear equation that represents the fusion of two H-2 atoms to form He-3 and one neutron is:

Explanation:

In a nuclear reaction the nuclides are represented with the chemical symbol preceded by a superscript that represents the mass number (number of protons plus neutrons) and a subscript that represents the atomic number (number of protons).

H-2 is the isotope of hydrogen with 1 proton and 1 neutron, so it is represented as:

He-3 is the isotope of helium with 2 protons and 1 neuron, so it is represented as:

The neutron is represented as:

With that, you represent the nuclear equation for the fusion of two H-2 atoms to form He-3 and one neutron as follows:

The clue is to check the balance of both mass numbers and atomic numbers:

Answer:

25

I hope this helps

20 moles of O2 are consumed if 20 moles of SO2 are produced.

The mole, is the SI base unit of amount of substance. The quantity amount of substance is a measure of how many elementary entities of a given substance are in an object or sample.

1) Balanced chemical equation:

S + O₂ → SO₂

2) Mole ratios:

1 mol S : 1 mol O₂ : 1 mol SO₂

3) Proportion:

1 mol SO₂ / 1 mol O₂ = 20 mol SO₂ / x

4) Solve for x:

x = 20 mol SO₂ × 1 mol O₂ / 1 mol SO₂ = 20 mol O₂.

The answer is 20 moles.

Learn more about balanced chemical reaction, refer:

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Answer:

RNA

Explanation:

DNA would not contain Uracil

Enzyme is different

Amino acids would be made up of codons

exothermic reaction because the energy absorbed during breaking the bonds of the reactants is less than the energy realised

The reaction is a exergonic reaction.

An exergonic response is a synthetic response where the adjustment in the free vitality is negative demonstrating an unconstrained response. For procedures that occur under steady weight and temperature conditions, the Gibbs free vitality is utilized though the Helmholtz vitality is utilized for procedures that happen under consistent volume and temperature conditions.  

In exergonic reaction, during bond breakage energy is required whereas the formation of the bond releases energy. Although exergonic responses are said to happen immediately, this doesn't infer that the response will occur at a perceptible rate.

Answer:

Explanation:

Since the living organisms stop the metabolic processes when dye, the age of the fossil is equal to the time the carbon-14 isotope (C-14) has been decaying.

Since the hal-life of the radioisotopes, such as carbon-14, is constant, you know that the amount of carbon-14 remaining reduces to half each time a half-life passes, i.e:

Now, knowing that 70% or 0.7 parts are remaining you can set the equation:

Which means that 0.5156 half-life has elapses, since the fossil started forming.

Since one half-life is 5730 years, the age of the fossil is 0.5156 × 5730 years = 2,948 years, which should be rounded to three signficant figures: 2,950 years.

Answer:

Helium

Explanation:

Final answer:

Helium (He) has the lowest boiling point of all elements, boiling at -269°C because it is light and nonpolar, with weak dispersion forces.

Explanation:

The chemical element with the lowest boiling point is helium (He), which boils at -269°C (-452.2°F). To predict boiling points, consider the intermolecular forces such as electrostatic interactions, polarity, ability to form hydrogen bonds, and molar mass related to London dispersion forces. For nonpolar substances like helium, the lighter the molecule, the lower the boiling point. Therefore, helium, being the lightest and nonpolar, has the lowest boiling point among common elements. The boiling points of nonpolar substances typically increase with molecular mass. The higher the molar mass, the higher the boiling point, like in the case of C60, which is much heavier than helium.

Answer:

Corrosion and dissolution

Explanation:

Acid rain typically can corrode metallic parts of buildings thereby weakening them. Acids can generally affect most compounds in which metals are no exceptions. We find corrugated roofing sheets becoming weaker and less durable as the rain persists. This is due to the acidity of the rain in such an environment.

Acids reacts vigorously with limestone. Limestone can be used in construction works and it is one of the key component of cements. In contact with acid rain, cemented plasters on buildings can be dissolved and rendered weak.

Marble is a metamorphic limestone. It is rich in calcium carbonate. Due to its beautiful nature, it is used in building statues and for a host of stone works. Acid rain can dissolve statues and also make them weak. This reaction defaces them.

A teaspoon of caffeine is NOT deadly as teaspoon of ricin                                                                                                            

Answer:

False.

Explanation:

Powdered caffeine is not as deadly as ricin. Ricin is one of the most highly potent toxins in the world. A teaspoon of purified ricin powder can kill an adult human.

Powdered caffeine, on the other hand, is not as dangerous but it still being more dangerous than drinking a cup of coffee. Because a teaspoon of powdered caffeine is like drinking 28 cups of coffee. It is said than 2 teaspoons are able to kill a human.

I hope this answer helps you.