How many valence electrons does an iodine atom have

Answer:

65.08 g.

Explanation:

2AlCl₃ + 3Br₂ → 2AlBr₃ + 3Cl₂,

2.0 mole of AlCl₃ reacts with 3.0 mole of Br₂ to produce 2.0 mole of AlBr₃ and 3.0 mole of Cl₂.

n = mass/molar mass = (36.2 g)/(133.34 g/mol) = 0.2715 mol.

Using cross multiplication:

2.0 mole of AlCl₃ reacts with → 3.0 mole of Br₂, from the stichiometry.

0.2715 mol of AlCl₃ reacts with → ??? mole of Br₂.

∴ The no. of moles of Br₂ reacts completely with 0.2715 mol (36.2 g) of AlCl₃  = (0.2715 mol)(3.0 mole)/(2.0 mole) = 0.4072 mol.

∴ The mass of Br₂ reacts completely with 0.2715 mol (36.2 g) of AlCl₃ = no. of moles of Br₂ x molar mass = (0.4072 mol)(159.808 g/mol ) = 65.08 g.

Answer: 65.2 grams

Explanation:

Answer:B 2.92

Explanation: its correct my guy

Answer:

2.83848 grams of [tex]H_{2}[/tex] are produced

Explanation:

Assuming that the reaccions continues until the total consumption of the reagents, it is possible to establish:

1 mol Al = 1 mol [tex]AlCl_{3}[/tex]

2 mol [tex]AlCl_{3}[/tex] = 3 mol [tex]H_{2}[/tex]

Then, by looking at the periodic table, it is possible to know the molar wheigt of the compounds:

1 mol Al = 29.9815 gr

1 mol [tex]H_{2}[/tex] = 2 gr

1 mol  [tex]AlCl_{3}[/tex] = 136.3405 gr

Reeplacing the moles with the respectly wheights of compounds:

29.9815 gr Al = 136.3405 gr [tex]AlCl_{3}[/tex]

      X     gr Al = 129 gr [tex]AlCl_{3}[/tex]

So, 129 grams of [tex]AlCl_{3}[/tex] equals to 28.3673 grams of Al.

Then, following the same line of thought:

29.963 gr Al (2 moles) = 6 gr [tex]H_{2}[/tex] (3 moles)

28.3673 gr Al  = Y gr [tex]H_{2}[/tex]

So, 28.3673 grams of Al equals to 2.8384 grams of [tex]H_{2}[/tex].

Answer:

50. mL

Explanation:

The decay constant here is 0.0607 day⁻¹. The sample will remains 34 days before its 87.5 decays.

Heavy radioactive isotopes undergo decomposition into light nucleus by the emission of charged particles such as alpha or beta particles. The radioactive decay is a first order reaction. Thus, the decay constant k can be written as:

K = 1/t ln (W0/ Wt)

W0 is the initial amount of the sample an Wt be the weight after time t.

K can be related to the half time as follows:

k = 0.693/t1/2.

Given that, half life of the Ra sample is 11.4 days.

k = 0.693 / 11.4

  = 0.0607  day⁻¹.

12.5 % of the sample remains after 87.5 % is decayed. The time take to decay its 87.5 % is :

t = ln (W0/Wt) / k

 = ln (100/12.5) / 0.0607

 = 34.4 days.

Therefore, the sample will remains 34.4 days before  87.5 % of it is decayed.

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Final answer:

Radium-223 will take approximately 11.1 days for 87.5% of the sample to decay, based on its half-life of 11.4 days.

Explanation:

11.1 days

83

Because each nuclide has a specific number of nucleons, a particular balance of repulsion and attraction, and its own degree of stability, the half-lives of radioactive nuclides vary widely. For example: the half-life of 203 Bi is [tex]1.9 × 10^19[/tex] years; 232 Ra is 24,000 years; 222 Rn is 3.82 days; and element-111 (Rg for roentgenium) is 1.5 × 10-³ seconds. The half-lives of a number of radioactive isotopes important to medicine are shown Table 21.2, and others are listed in Appendix M.

Answer:

relative numbers of each molecule or formula unit

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Explanation:

Answer:

Using 1.0 gram of iron oxide.

Explanation:

The concentration of the reactants.

The surface area of the reactants or catalyst.

The amount of the catalyst.

Hydrogen peroxide is the reactant and iron (III) oxide is the catalyst.

Replacing the powdered iron oxide with its cubical crystals:

This will decrease the surface area of the catalyst exposed to the solution, so the rate formation of the products will decrease.

Using 150 cm³ of hydrogen peroxide:

The volume of the reactant does not affect the concentration of the reactants, so changing the volume has no effect on the rate formation of the products.

Removing iron oxide from the reaction mixture:

Removing the catalyst will decrease (may stop) the rate formation of the products.

Using 1.0 gram of iron oxide:

This will increase the amount of the catalyst used, and so it will increase the rate formation of the products.

So, the right choice is:

the rate formation of the products

Answer:C8H10

Explanation:

The greater the number of carbon molecules in the atom, the greater the boiling point

Answer:

Prefix

Explanation:

The prefix of the hydrocarbon name indicates the amount of carbon in the molecule, derived from the longest continuous carbon chain within the compound, according to IUPAC nomenclature.

The part of the hydrocarbon name that tells you the amount of carbon in the molecule is the prefix. The prefix is determined by the number of carbon atoms in the longest continuous carbon chain. For example, the prefix for a hydrocarbon with three carbon atoms would be 'prop' and the full name for an alkane with this number of carbons would be propane. This naming system is part of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) rules for nomenclature, which provides a systematic way to name hydrocarbons and other organic compounds.

Hydrocarbon compounds with different numbers of carbon atoms use specific numerical prefixes such as 'meth-' for one carbon, 'eth-' for two, 'prop-' for three, up to 'dec-' for ten, and beyond. The ending of the hydrocarbon name, such as '-ane', '-ene', or '-ol', indicates the type of hydrocarbon or functional group but does not tell you about the number of carbon atoms.

Concentration of reactant mostly accelerates the rate of a reaction(at a higher concentration, reactants collide more often).

Explanation:

When there is more concentration of reactants then it means there are more number of molecules. Hence, then there will be more number of collisions taking place in the chemical reaction.

As a result, rate of reaction will increase with increase in concentration.

On the other hand, when there is decrease in concentration of reactants then it means less number of reactant molecules are taking part in the chemical reaction.

Hence, there will be less number of collisions between the molecules due to which there will be decrease in the rate of reaction.

Answer:

Explanation:

1) Assume 100 g of substace:

2) Convert the masses in grams to number of moles

Calculations:

3) State the ratio of moles.

Divide the number of moles of each element by the least number of moles:

4) Set the empirical formula:

5) Calculate the mass of one mol of the empirical formula:

6) Calculate how many times the mass of the empirical formula is contained in the mass of the molecular formula:

7) Set the molecular formula:

Multiply each subscript of the empirical formula by the previos ratio: 3

Conclusion: the molecular formula is C₃H₆

Answer:

C₃H₆

Explanation:

Answer:

The answers are...

Explanation:

2 and 4.

Answer:

B- 4 molecules carbon dioxide 4 molecules water

Explanation:

Just took this on edg.

Answer:

Explanation:

Alkaline earth metals are the family of metals that belong to group (column) number 2 in the periodic table.

You can tell the number of valence electrons of the representative elements by the number of column: the ones digit is the number of valence electrons.

This is how this works:

Column number   ones digit     number of valence electrons

1                                  1                  1 (alkali metals)

2                                 2                 2 (alkaline earth metals)

13                                3                 3

14                                4                 4

15                                5                 5

16                                6                 6

17                                 7                 7 (halogens)

18                                 8                 8 (noble gases).

Of course, this is consequence of the electron configurations.

Alkaline earth metals, such as Beryllium and Magnesium, found in group 2 of the periodic table, have two valence electrons that are responsible for bonding.

Alkaline earth metals, which are found in the second group of the periodic table, have two valence electrons. Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom and participate in forming chemical bonds. Examples of alkaline earth metals are Beryllium (Be), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), and Barium (Ba), among others. In all of these cases, they have two electrons in their outer shell, which makes them alkaline earth metals.

For instance, Beryllium (Be) is an alkaline earth metal and it is in the second column (group 2) of the periodic table, this means it has two electrons in its outer shell. These valence electrons are the ones available for bonding with other atoms.

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Answer:

Explanation:

1) Data:

a) n = 0.50 mol

b) V = 500 ml

c) M = ?

2) Formula:

                       M = n / V (liter)

3) Conversion of units:

4) Solution:

Substitute in the formula:

The answer must be reported with two significant figures.

The molarity of the sodium chloride solution is 1.0 M. The molarity is 1.0 M because 0.50 moles of NaCl is dissolved in 0.50 liters of solution, resulting in 1.0 M.

To calculate the molarity of the solution, we use the formula:

[tex]\[ \text{Molarity (M)} = \frac{\text{Number of moles of solute (n)}}{\text{Volume of solution (V) in liters}} \][/tex]

Given that we have 0.50 moles of sodium chloride (NaCl) and the volume of the solution is 500 ml (which is equivalent to 0.5 liters), we can plug these values into the formula:

[tex]\[ \text{Molarity (M)} = \frac{0.50 \text{ mol}}{0.50 \text{ L}} \][/tex]

[tex]\[ \text{Molarity (M)} = 1.0 \text{ M} \][/tex]

Therefore, the molarity of the sodium chloride solution is 1.0 M.

Answer:

A)  the number of electrons in the outer shells.

Explanation:

The Bohr's model of the atoms shows that electrons orbits the nucleus in energy levels that are discrete and quantised. Orbital electrons are pulled by the nucleus. The nuclear pull is strongest on the shells closer to the nucleus and weakest as we reach the outermost sphere.

From this model, we see that chemical properties are governed by how much electrons an atom is ready to lose from its outermost shell in which the energy is the lowest. It is the electrons in the outermost shell or valence shell that determines how atoms would behave chemically.

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Answer:

It seens like B would be the correct answer because the higher you go the less pressure is on the outside.  think of it like a vacuum chamber, when you suck the air out there is less pressure on the inside, therefor if you were to put a balloon inside a vacuum chamber it would have a similar effect to the balloon high in the atmosphere

Explanation:

Answer:B

Explanation:

I did the USA testprep

Two non-metals pair of elements would most likely bond to form a covalently bonded compound.

It is defined as a substance which cannot be broken down further into any other substance. Each element is made up of its own type of atom. Due to this reason all elements are different from one another.

Elements can be classified as metals and non-metals. Metals are shiny and conduct electricity and are all solids at room temperature except mercury. Non-metals do not conduct electricity and are mostly gases at room temperature except carbon and sulfur.

The number of protons in the nucleus is the defining property of an element and is related to the atomic number.All atoms with same atomic number are atoms of same element.Elements combine to form compounds.

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Elements that are likely to form a covalent bond are typically nonmetals with similar electronegativity values, which leads to the sharing of electrons, as exemplified by the bonding of hydrogen and oxygen to form water (H₂O).

The question 'Which pair of elements would most likely bond to form a covalently bonded compound?' falls under the subject of Chemistry. When determining whether a pair of elements will likely form a covalent bond, we consider their electronegativity. Covalent bonds generally occur between nonmetallic elements that have similar electronegativity values, meaning they have a comparable ability to attract electrons.

For example, hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) are both nonmetals and form a covalent bond to create water (H₂O). Another pair of elements that commonly form a covalent bond is nitrogen (N) and hydrogen (H), which combine to form ammonia (NH₃). These elements do not have markedly different electronegativities, which favors the sharing of electrons rather than the transfer of electrons which is characteristic of ionic bonding.

On the other hand, metals and nonmetals such as sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) tend to form ionic bonds, where electrons are transferred from one atom to another, due to their large difference in electronegativities.

Oxygen has a positive oxidation number when combined with fluorine, the most electronegative element, which always has an oxidation number of -1. This is an exception to oxygen's usual -2 oxidation state.

Oxygen will have a positive oxidation number when combined with fluorine. This is because fluorine is more electronegative than oxygen, which is typically seen with an oxidation number of -2, except in this special case as well as in peroxides where it has an oxidation number of -1. Fluorine, the most electronegative element, always has an oxidation number of -1, and it is the only element with which oxygen can have a positive oxidation number.

For example, in compounds like dioxygen difluoride (O2F2), oxygen has a positive oxidation state. This is an exceptional situation, as oxygen usually exhibits a negative oxidation state due to its high electronegativity, only surpassed by fluorine. Remember, the sum of oxidation numbers in a compound must balance out to zero, or the charge of the ion if it is a polyatomic ion.

Answer:

Explanation:

Trick question. The cathode is where the reduction reaction takes place. The reduction reaction is the gain of electrons.

Pb+2 + 2e^- ===> Pb        The eo for that is - 0.126.

The minus sign indicates that the Pb^2+ is not overjoyed at taking on those two electrons. If it had a say in the matter, it would rather be giving up electrons. In other words, it would rather be the oxidizing equation which would look like this

Pb ===> Pb+2 + 2e^- and the oxidizing potential would be eo = + 0.126

That's what moving right and moving left means. If the eo is - then the preferred reaction is the opposite one.

This is a real language problem and if Znk answers you can take his answer to the bank.

Answer:

[tex]\boxed{\text{(b) (ii) 0.34 V}}[/tex]

Explanation:

If electrons flow from Pb to X through the external circuit, the Pb electrode must be the anode.

The standard reduction potential for Pb²⁺ is -0.126 V.

When we write the half-reaction for the oxidation, the standard oxidation potential for Pb must be 0.126 V.

The cell reactions are:

                                                      E°/V  

  Anode: Pb ⇌ Pb²⁺ + 2e⁻           0.126

Cathode: X²⁺ + 2e⁻ ⟶ X                   x

Overall: Pb + X²⁺ ⟶ Pb²⁺ + X     0.47

0.126 + x = 0.47

x = 0.47 – 0.126 = 0.34 V

[tex]\text{The reaction at the X electrode is a reduction,}\\\text{so its standard reduction potential is }\boxed{\textbf{0.34 V}}[/tex]

Answer:

C-14 => N-14 + β⁻

Explanation:

C-14 over time decays by beta emission to N-14. Before decay, C-14 nucleus contains 6 protons and 8 neutrons. It is accepted that a neutron (n°) is composed of 1 proton (p⁺) and 1 electron (e⁻). Beta emission indicates loss/discharge of a high energy e⁻ from the nucleus of C-14 leaving 7 protons and 7 neutrons. The number of protons defines the element, N-14 as a product of the decay process with the β particle (high energy electron) the other. To check, remember, the ∑mass Reactants = ∑mass Products (superscript numbers) and ∑reactant charges = ∑product charges (subscript numbers

₆C¹⁴ => ₇N¹⁴ + ₋₁e°  or, C-14 => N-14 + β

Answer:

Explanation:

1) Data:

a) V = 500.0 ml = 0.500 liter

b) M = 0.100

c) mass = ?

2) Formulae:

a) Molarity: M = n / V

b) Number of moles: n = mass in grams / molar mass

3) Solution

a) M = n / V ⇒ n = M × V = 0.1000 M × 0.500 liter = 0.0500 mol

b) molar mass NaCl = 58.443 g/mol

c) mass = n × molar mass = 0.0500 mol × 58.443 g/mol = 2.92 g

Answer: 2.92 g

Final answer:

To prepare a 0.100 M solution, you will need 2.922 grams of sodium chloride.

Explanation:

To calculate the grams of sodium chloride required to prepare a 0.100 M solution, we need to use the formula:

Molarity (M) = moles of solute / volume of solution (in liters)

First, we need to convert the volume of the solution from milliliters to liters:

500.0 mL = 0.5000 L

Next, we can use the formula to solve for moles of sodium chloride:

0.100 M = moles of NaCl / 0.5000 L

Since the molar mass of sodium chloride (NaCl) is 58.44 g/mol:

moles of NaCl = 0.100 M x 0.5000 L = 0.0500 moles

Finally, we can use the moles of sodium chloride to calculate the grams:

grams of NaCl = moles of NaCl x molar mass = 0.0500 moles x 58.44 g/mol = 2.922 g

Answer:

[tex]\boxed{88 \%}[/tex]

Explanation:

[tex]A = \epsilon cl\\A = -\log T\\\epsilon cl = -\log T[/tex]

ε and l are constants.

If there are two different concentrations of benzene,

[tex]\dfrac{c_{2}}{c_{1}} = \dfrac{\log T_{2}}{\log T_{1}}[/tex]

Data:

c₁ = c₁; c₂ = 0.1c₁;

T₁ = 0.28: T₂ = ?

Calculation:

[tex]\dfrac{0.10c_{1}}{c_{1}} = \dfrac{\log T_{2}}{\log 0.28}\\\\\log T_{2}= 0.10 \times \log0.28 = -0.0553\\\\T_{2} = 10^{-0.0553} = 0.88 \\\\\boxed{T_{2} = \textbf{88 \%}}[/tex]

The best description of the illustration is option C. A mixture made up of different compounds.

The illustration appears to be a mixture made up of different compounds. It contains several distinct shapes, including triangles and circles, which could represent different types of molecules.

Additionally, the colors of the shapes vary, suggesting that they are composed of different elements.

However, based on the visual evidence, it is most likely a mixture of multiple compounds.

Therefore, option C, "A mixture made up of different compounds" is the best description of the illustration.

The correct option is c. A mixture made up of different compounds.

To best describe the illustration, one must understand the definitions of the terms involved:

A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition and distinct properties. It cannot be separated into other kinds of matter by physical methods. Pure substances can be either elements or compounds.

An element is a pure substance that consists of a single type of atom and cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.

A compound is a pure substance composed of two or more elements in a specific ratio and structure, forming a molecule with distinct chemical properties.

A mixture is a combination of two or more different substances (either elements or compounds) that are not chemically bonded and can be present in varying proportions. Mixtures can be either homogeneous (uniform composition throughout) or heterogeneous (non-uniform composition).

Given that the illustration depicts a mixture, it means that the components are not chemically bonded and can vary in proportion. If the mixture is made up of different compounds, it implies that there are multiple substances, each with its own unique chemical composition, mixed together but not reacting to form a new substance. This is consistent with the definition of a mixture made up of different compounds.

Answer:

38.4L

Explanation:

Given parameters of the ethylene gas:

Initial Volume V₁ = 3200L

Initial pressure P₁ = 3atm

Final Volume V₂ = 250L

Final pressure P₂ = ?

We need information about the unknown final pressure.

Based on the given parameters, we can apply Boyle's law. The law states that "the volume of a fixed mass of a gas is inversely proportional as the pressure changes if temperature is constant".

NB: We assume that the torch provides a constant source of heat.

The law is expressed mathematically as:

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

Making the unknown P₂ the subject of the equation gives:

P₂ = P₁V₁ / V₂

P₂ = 3200x3/250

P₂ = 9600/250

P₂ = 38.4L

Pressure of the gas = 38.4L

Using Boyle's Law, we determined that the pressure of ethylene gas will be 38.4 atm when transferred from 3200 L at 3.00 atm to a 250.0 L tank.

To determine the final pressure of the ethylene gas when transferred into a different volume, we can use Boyle's Law.

Boyle's Law Formula

The formula used is :P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

Where:

Rearranging the formula to solve for P₂ :

P₂ = [tex]\frac{P_{1} V_{1} }{V_{2} }[/tex]

Therefore, the pressure of the gas in the 250.0 L tank will be 38.4 atm.

Answer:

Because Greenhouse gases let the sun's light shine onto the Earth's surface, but they trap the heat that reflects back up into the atmosphere. And this way, they act like the glass walls of a greenhouse. This greenhouse effect also keeps the Earth warm enough to sustain life.

Explanation:

Answer:

greenhouse gases trap heat for the earth so if it was unavaible no heat would be conserved

Explanation:

Answer:

C) C₆H₁₂O₆.

Explanation:

Molecular mass = ∑(no. of atoms * atomic mass).

A) CH₂O:

molecular mass = atomic mass of C + 2*atomic mass of H + atomic mass of O = (12.0 g/mol) + (2 * 1.0 g/mol) + (16.0 g/mol) = 30.0 g/mol.

B) C₃H₈O₃:

molecular mass = 3(atomic mass of C) + 8(atomic mass of H) + 3(atomic mass of O) = 3(12.0 g/mol) + 8(1.0 g/mol) + 3(16.0 g/mol) = 92.0 g/mol.

C) C₆H₁₂O₆:

molecular mass = 6(atomic mass of C) + 12(atomic mass of H) + 6(atomic mass of O) = 6(12.0 g/mol) + 12(1.0 g/mol) + 6(16.0 g/mol) = 180.0 g/mol.

D) C₈H₁₆O₈:

molecular mass = 8(atomic mass of C) + 16(atomic mass of H) + 8(atomic mass of O) = 8(12.0 g/mol) + 16(1.0 g/mol) + 8(16.0 g/mol) = 240.0 g/mol.

So, the right choice is: C) C₆H₁₂O₆.

The molecular formula of the compound is the C₆H₁₂O₆. The correct option is C.

The empirical formula of the fructose and the glucose = CH₂O

The molecular mass of the compound = 180.15948 g/mol

The empirical formula mass of the molecule, CH₂O = 12 + 2(1) + 16 = 30 g/mol

The number of empirical formula units =  180.15948 g/mol / 30 g/mol

The number of empirical formula units = 6

The molecular formula of the compound = 6( CH₂O)

The molecular formula of the compound = C₆H₁₂O₆

Therefore, the molecular formula of the compound is C₆H₁₂O₆. The option C is correct.

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Answer:

A sounds like the best answer to me because thermal energy can cool very quickly if its hot

Explanation:

Answer: Option a

Explanation: Thermal energy can be defined as using heat as a form of energy for doing work. It can be used for various processes.

But there is a problem associated with this energy, that is the thermal energy dessipiates very fastly and so it cannot be used as a form of energy for doing work.

It cools down very fastly and so it cannot be used as a source.

Answer:

Explanation:

Chemical reactions follow a path: reactants increase their chemical energies, form activated complexes (transition compounds) until reaching the activation energy, from which the final products are formed.

Catalysts are substances that can change the path of the reactions by lowering the activation energy (first statement is true) and, consequently, speeding up the reaction (third statement is true).

The activation energy is the minimum amount of energy required for the reactants to form the activated complex. So, catalysts, by providing a new path, where the activation energy is lower, manage to incrase the rate of the reaction.

But catalysts, although intervene in the reaction by modifying the way the reactants will react, do not form part of the reactants nor products, so they are not consumed by the overall reaction (second statement is false).

In chemistry, catalysts lower the activation energy thus speeding up chemical reactions, but they are not consumed by the reaction.

The first statement, Catalysts lower activation energy, is true. Catalysts work by providing an alternative reaction pathway with a lower activation energy. This allows the reaction to proceed more rapidly.

The second statement, Catalysts are consumed by the overall reaction, is false. One of the key characteristics of a catalyst is that it is not consumed in the reaction. While it may temporarily bond with reactants during the process, it is released and available to participate in subsequent reactions.

The third statement, Catalysts speed up chemical reaction, is true. By lowering the activation energy, catalysts allows the reaction to occur at a faster rate.

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The chemicals that acid rain contains can have damaging effects on objects like buildings, monuments, statues, and cars.

Its components can make paint to be peel, stone construction appears old, worn down which reduces the architectural value and beauty.

Depending on how acidic the rain is, it can obliterate these constructions to a brutal degree.

First, components like sulfurous, sulfuric and nitric acids mix with air and rain. Then they react with calcite or calcium-based compounds in marble and limestone and dissolve calcite. 

The dry depositions of acidic particles contribute severely to the corrosion of construction materials, building paints, stones like marble, limestones and various type of granites.

Acid rains aggravate the life value of buildings and architectural structures.

Answer:

Sorry but erm was their supposed to be a image attach with it

Explanation:

Answer: options 1 and 4

Explanation: