Use the D = M/V equation, in which Density can be found by dividing Mass/Volume.
To solve, first find a rectangular prism tub that is filled to a certain level. Next, place the rock inside to find the amount of displacement (or how high the water level goes up.) In this way, you can find the volume of the rock.
Next, solve for the Mass. This can be found by dividing the total weight from the gravitational pull. This would give you the mass.
Finally, to find Density, divide the Mass found with the Volume. This would give you your final answer
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Consider the chemical reaction in equilibrium.
H2 + I2 + heat ⬄ 2HI
What will happen to the chemical equilibrium if the temperature of the system is increased?
A)The direction of the chemical equilibrium will shift to the right, favoring the forward reaction.
B)The chemical equilibrium will not be affected by an increase in temperature. C)The direction of the chemical equilibrium will shift to the left, favoring the reverse reaction.
D) The chemical equilibrium will be lost permanently with a change of temperature.
A) The chemical equilibrium will shift to the right, favoring the forward reaction.
ExplanationThe forward reaction absorbs heat. It is endothermic. Going in that direction will remove heat from the system. The temperature of the system will drop.
The reverse reaction produces heat. It is exothermic. Converting products back to reactants will adds to the heat of the system. The temperature of the system will increase.
By the Le Chatelier's Principle, a system in equilibrium will respond to changes in a way that minimizes their effect.
In this question, the change is an increase in temperature. The system will seek to reduce its temperature. It will favor the forward reaction, which is endothermic and removes heat from the system.
Temperature of the system will decrease. There will be more products and less reactants. The equilibrium will shifts to the left.
The chemical equilibrium will shift to the right, favouring the forward reaction. Hence, option A is correct.
What is chemical equilibrium?Chemical equilibrium is the condition in the course of a reversible chemical reaction in which no net change in the amounts of reactants and products occurs.
The forward reaction absorbs heat. It is endothermic. Going in that direction will remove heat from the system. The temperature of the system will drop.
The reverse reaction produces heat. It is exothermic. Converting products back to reactants will add to the heat of the system. The temperature of the system will increase.
By Principle, a system in equilibrium will respond to changes in a way that minimizes their effect.
In this question, the change is an increase in temperature. The system will seek to reduce its temperature. It will favour the forward reaction, which is endothermic and removes heat from the system.
The temperature of the system will decrease. There will be more products and fewer reactants. The equilibrium will shift to the left.
Hence, option A is correct.
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In Eco Systems what can be helpful or harmful depending on point of view
We can quote many examples for such things which are helpful or harmful depending on point of view or situation or amount etc.
a) Bacteria : they can be helpful for fermentation process used in manufacturing of many useful things (like beverages) and can be harmful as they cause rotting of many useful things
b) Beaver : it is one of the largest rodent on earth. It is harmful as it causes cutting of trees. It lives upon them.
However, it a natural dam builder. It has a tremendous power to swim or float in water.
It can create canals naturally.
But for living purpose it feeds upon trees and cause destruction of trees and thus forest.
In the previous problem, which are the limiting reactants for each reaction? Based on this, calculate the maximum yield of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide when 280 g of black powder is burned.
Final answer:
To determine the limiting reactant, compare the number of moles of each reactant to the stoichiometric ratio in the balanced chemical equation. The reactant with fewer moles is the limiting reactant. Without specific chemical equations or information about the reactants, it is not possible to determine the limiting reactants in the given problem.
Explanation:
The limiting reactant in a chemical reaction is the reactant that is completely consumed, thus limiting the amount of product that can be formed. To determine the limiting reactant, you need to compare the number of moles of each reactant to the stoichiometric ratio in the balanced chemical equation. The reactant with the smaller number of moles is the limiting reactant, and the one with the larger number of moles is in excess.
In the given problem, it is necessary to determine the limiting reactants for the reactions involving black powder. Without specific chemical equations or information about the reactants, it is not possible to accurately determine the limiting reactants and calculate the maximum yield of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide.
Helpppppp what to do
Which subshell is likely to be filled after the rest of the subshells at a particular energy level?
Explain that argon has 18 protons and 18 electrons. There are 2 electrons on the first energy level, 8 electrons on the second level, and 8 electrons on the third energy level. Good luck!
Answer:
The sublayer that is likely to be filled after the rest of the subshells at a specific energy level will be the "s" layer.
Explanation:
The sublayer that is likely to be filled after the rest of the subcases at a specific energy level will be the "s" layer. This is explained by the Pauling diagram.
Linus Pauling Diagram or Electronic Distribution Diagram is a model that assists in the configuration of the electrons of atoms and ions through energy sublevels. This diagram is based on the energy sublevels of the atom to organize the electrons. These are arranged from lowest to highest energy when the atom is in its ground state. The electrosphere of atoms is formed by 7 (seven) electronic layers, represented by the letters: K, L, M, N, O, P and Q. Each layer allows a maximum number of electrons and each layer has a number of sublevels.
The K layer has only one sublevel (s), which allows up to 2 electrons. This sublayer will likely fill after the rest of the subshells at a specific energy level.
scientist have found many marine fossils on the mountain far from any ocean or sea what is the best explanation for these fossils
Final answer:
Plate tectonics and the uplift of mountains due to the movement of Earth's tectonic plates explain the presence of marine fossils found on mountains far from any ocean or sea.
Explanation:
Fossils of marine animals found on mountains far from any ocean or sea can be explained by the concept of plate tectonics. Plate tectonics is the theory that the Earth's outer shell is divided into several plates that move and interact with each other.
Over millions of years, the movement of these plates can cause mountains to form and previously submerged areas to be uplifted. Fossils of marine animals found on mountains suggest that these areas were once underwater and have since been uplifted due to plate tectonic forces.
For example, the presence of marine fossils on the Himalayan mountains is evidence that the Indian subcontinent was once located in the ocean and collided with the Eurasian plate, causing the formation of the Himalayan mountain range. The uplift of the mountains exposed the fossils that were once buried deep in the ocean floor.
In summary, the best explanation for marine fossils found on mountains far from any ocean or sea is plate tectonics and the movement of Earth's tectonic plates.
Which of the following is NOT considered to be a pyroclastic material?
ash
lapilli
cinders
pahoehoe
The correct answer is pahoehoe.
The constituents generated in the volcanic eruptions are known as pyroclastic material. Of the given options pahoehoe is not considered as a pyroclastic material. It is a kind of lava flow of basaltic rock, generally dark-colored with a ropey or smooth surface. It is one of the two prime forms of lava flow discharged from volcanoes of the Hawaiian kind, the other is aa.
Pahoehoe lava is a usual kind of basaltic lava, which cools down producing billowy, smooth, or ropy surfaces. Generally, it is produced by various small breakouts of lava from an over-crusted irregular, inflating flat flow.
Pahoehoe, a type of basaltic lava with a smooth or ropy surface, is not considered a pyroclastic material. Pyroclastic materials are solid substances produced by volcanic eruptions which include ash, lapilli, and cinders.
Explanation:
Pyroclastic material, associated with volcanic eruptions, includes a variety of solid substances. These range from ash, which is the finest material, to lapilli, and cinders, larger and heavier particles. On the contrary, pahoehoe is not included in the category of pyroclastic materials. Instead, pahoehoe is a type of basaltic lava that has a smooth, billowy, or ropy surface. Therefore, pahoehoe is the option that is not considered a pyroclastic material from the choices given.
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Match these items.
1. acid _ H +
2. base _ H 3 O +
3. litmus _ pH 14
4. strong base _ charged particles
5. ions _ OH -
6. hydronium _ indicator
Answer:
An acid would have to contain H+ ions
Hydronium ions are commonly known as H3O+
A strong base will have a pH of 12-14.
Ions are known as charged particles.
Bases contain OH^- ions.
Colored Litmus paper is an indicator.
Fat molecules typically contain long chains of carbon atoms. Animals tend to store fats for use when food resources are scarce. This is an advantage to the animal because
Answer is: much energy can be gained by breaking the bonds between atoms in the fats.
Fat, carbohydrate and protein are the three main macronutrients.
Fat molecules contain chemical energy and they are composed of triglycerides.
Fat is the most energy dense, the most efficient form of energy storage and do not bind water thus do not increase animal body mass.
For example. fat burning in human organism release energy that we use for walking, learning, etc.
The pH scale measures the relative strength of acids or bases in ___________. a Isolation b Metals c Solutions d Hydrocarbons
The substance’s tendency to react with water in step 3 would be placed where on the Venn diagram?
Answer is: step 3 would be placed C.
This is example of chemical change (chemical reaction), because new substances are formed (gas is emitted), the atoms are rearranged.
Physical property can be observed and measured without any changes in molecular composition. The same substance is present before and after the psysical change, just with different form or state of matter.
Chemical reaction: powder + water → new substance + gas.
Answer:
The correct answer is C
Explanation:
why there is not reaction in nac2h3o2(aq)+pb(no3)2(aq)→?
The reaction between NaC₂H₃O₂(aq) and Pb(NO₃)₂(aq) does occur, but the products formed are soluble and therefore do not precipitate out. The equation for this reaction is:.
[tex]NaC2H3O2(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) → Pb(C2H3O2)2(aq) + 2NaNO3(aq)[/tex]
The reaction is a double displacement reaction, where the two reactants exchange ions to form new products. In this case, the lead ion (Pb²+) from Pb(NO₃)₂(aq) replaces the sodium ion (Na+) in NaC₂H₃O₂(aq) to form
[tex]Pb(C2H3O2)2(aq) and NaNO3(aq).Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2NaC2H3O2(aq) → Pb(C2H3O2)2(aq) + 2NaNO3(aq)[/tex]
Since both products, Pb(C₂H₃O₂)₂(aq) and NaNO₃(aq), are soluble in water, they remain in solution and do not form a solid precipitate. Therefore, it may appear that no reaction has occurred.
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what is the relationship between surface area and weathering rate (time)?
A rock's exposure to the weathering elements and its surface area can affect its rate of weathering. Rocks that are constantly bombarded by running water, wind, and other erosion agents, will weather more quickly. Rocks that have a large surface area exposed to these agents will also weather more quickly.
Answer:
The surface area of a rock and the rate of weathering is directly related to one another. When a rock of large surface area is exposed to the atmosphere, then the factors such as rainfall, temperature, wind will affect the rock by weathering and erosion, depending upon the latitude of the area.
In the high latitudinal areas, these fractures in the rocks can trap the water during rainfall, and this water at night freezes as a result of which the volume of water increases by about 9%. Due to this the volume expands and exerts a force that ultimately leads to the weathering of rocks. The surface area when exposed more including these fractures
Due to the frequent changing of the temperature in some regions, the rocks undergo the expansion and contraction process. As a result of which the rock fractures and weathers.
In the tropical region, because of the maximum amount of sunlight and rainfall, the rocks are more prone to weathering. The agents namely wind, water will directly flow over the surface of the rock, thereby breaking down the rock particles. So the rate of weathering (both physical and chemical) is higher when the rock surfaces are highly exposed.
Which of the following is a matter phase in which the molecules are arranged on a matrix and close together a. Gas b. Liquid c. Solid d. All of these
Solid! The molecules in solid matter are arranged closely together and packed quite tightly to maintain a regular shape. Hope this helps!
Answer: Option (c) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
It is known that in a solid, molecules are held together by strong intermolecular forces of attraction. As a result, they are unable to move from their initial place but they can vibrate at their mean position.
Hence, in solid substances the molecules have low kinetic energy.
On the other hand in liquids, the molecules are held by less strong intermolecular forces of attraction as compared to solids. Due to which they are able to slide past each other. Hence, they have medium kinetic energy.
Whereas in gases, the molecules are held by weak Vander waal forces. Hence, they have high kinetic energy due to which they move rapidly from one place to another leading to more number of collisions.
Hence, gases are able to expand more rapidly as compared to liquids.
Thus, we can conclude that out of the given options solid is a matter phase in which the molecules are arranged on a matrix and close together.
Which is also called an alpha particle?
the nucleus of a carbon atom
the nucleus of a nitrogen atom
the nucleus of a hydrogen atom
the nucleus of a helium atom
Answer is: the nucleus of a helium atom.
Alpha particle is nucleus of a helium-4 atom, which is made of two protons and two neutrons.
For example, nuclear reaction:
²³⁴U → ²³⁰X + α (alpha particle).
Alpha decay is radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle (helium nucleus) and transforms into an atom with an atomic number that is reduced by two and mass number that is reduced by four.
a helium nucleus emitted by some radioactive substances, originally regarded as a ray.
Some compounds, like carbon dioxide, are gaseous at room temperature, while others are solid at room temperature. Why is this?
Compounds that are gases at room temperature are covalent bonds (nonmetal + nonmetal).
Final answer:
The state of a substance at room temperature is determined by the strength of intermolecular forces and molecular interactions. Carbon dioxide is a gas at room temperature because of weak intermolecular forces, whereas solids like metals have strong intermolecular forces that give them a definite volume and shape. Compounds exhibit different states under various temperature and pressure conditions.
Explanation:
The physical state of a compound like carbon dioxide at room temperature can be explained by its molecular structure and the interactions between its molecules. Carbon dioxide is a gas at room temperature because the forces between its molecules are relatively weak, allowing them to move freely and occupy the entire volume available to them.
On the other hand, solids at room temperature, such as metals, have strong intermolecular forces that keep their atoms or molecules close together in a fixed, orderly pattern, giving them a definite volume and shape. For a compound to be a liquid at room temperature, its boiling point must be higher than the room temperature, indicating stronger intermolecular forces than gases, but not as strong as solids, thus allowing the molecules to flow while remaining close together.
The state of compounds at room temperature is a significant physical property and is determined by molecular interactions and environmental conditions such as temperature and pressure. All substances can exist in solid, liquid, or gas states under different conditions. For example, carbon dioxide becomes dry ice when cooled to about -78°C, showcasing how temperature changes can alter the state of a substance.
Calcium oxide has a gaint ionic lattice in which there are strong electrostatic
b222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222
Calcium oxide features a giant ionic lattice with strong electrostatic forces of attraction known as ionic bonds, which involve the attraction between cations and anions.
Calcium oxide has a giant ionic lattice in which there are strong electrostatic forces of attraction in all directions. These forces arise because calcium oxide is composed of calcium ions and oxide ions, which are held together by the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. This attraction is referred to as ionic bonding, and it is a type of chemical bond that involves the electrostatic attraction between cations and anions.
In the context of ionic compounds such as calcium oxide, the lattice energy plays a critical role in stability. Lattice energy is the energy required to separate a mole of the solid ionic compound into its gaseous ionic constituents. It's a measure of the strength of the bonds that hold the ionic crystal together, reflecting the electrostatic forces between the ions. In general, a higher charge and smaller ion size result in a larger lattice energy, contributing to greater stability of the ionic crystal.
The complete question is:
Calcium oxide has a giant ionic lattice in which there are strong electrostatic_______________________ of attraction in all directions.
Many ionic and covalent compounds dissolve well in water
Answer is: the attraction between the solute and solvent is about as strong as the attraction between the solvent particles.
For example, dissociation of potassium iodide in water:
KI(aq) → K⁺(aq) + I⁻(aq).
Solvation is the interaction of solvent (water) with molecules or ions (in this example K⁺ and I⁻) in a solute.
Anion I⁻ has negative charge, so positive end (hydrogen atoms) of a water molecul attracts them.
Solvent (usually a liquid, but can also be a solid or a gas) is a substance that dissolves a solute.
when scientists report their results from their scientific investigations, what should scientist include and NOT include in their conclusions? SC.7.N.1.6 science class
Answer:
t should include correct results and not include the falsified results
Explanation:
A mixture of three noble gases has a total pressure of 1.25 atm. The individual pressures exerted by neon and argon are 0.68 atm and 0.35 atm, respectively. Wha t is the partial pressure of the third gas, helium?
This problem can be solved by Dalton's law of partial pressures which states that in a mixture of non-reacting gases, the total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases.
Ptotal = P₁ + P₂ + P₃ + ..... + Pn
Herein, Ptotal = P(Ne) + P(Ar) + P(He)
Ptotal = 1.25 atm, P(Ne) = 0.68 atm and P(Ar) = 0.35
So, P(He) = Ptotal - P(Ne) - P(Ar) = 1.25 - 0.68 - 0.35 = 0.22 atm
Answer:
0.22 atm
Explanation:
took test
The movement of charged particles cannot pass through an electrolyte to produce an electric current.
True
False
The movement of charged particles cannot pass through an electrolyte to produce an electric current.
True
False
FALSE
Final answer:
The statement is false. option B
Explanation:
The statement that the movement of charged particles cannot pass through an electrolyte to produce an electric current is false. In fact, electrolytes are substances that can conduct an electric current when dissolved in water or when melted.
Electrolytes contain free ions that move in response to an electric field, which allows them to conduct electricity. For example, when table salt (sodium chloride) is dissolved in water or melted, it becomes an electrolytic solution with ions that readily move, completing an electrical circuit and allowing the current to flow.
Insulators, such as glass, are materials that do not allow charges to move through them effectively. In substances like solid sodium chloride or pure water, the ions are not free to move, making them poor conductors or insulators. However, when these substances are in the form of an electrolyte, the ions are free and mobile, and thus conductivity is observed.
iron oxide is formed when iron combines with oxygen and air how many grams of Fe2O3 are formed when 33.4 g of Fe reacts completely with oxygen
The balanced equation is
4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) ---> 2Fe2O3(s)
here four moles of Fe will react with O2 to give 2 moles of Fe2O3
mass of Fe reacted = 33.4 grams
moles of Fe reacted = mass of Fe / atomic mass of Fe
moles of Fe reacted = 33.4 / 55.8 = 0.599 moles
moles of Fe2O3 formed = 0.5 X 0.599 = 0.2995 moles
so mass of Fe2O3 formed = moles X molar mass = 0.2995 X 159.69 = 47.83 g
To determine the amount of iron(III) oxide produced, we used stoichiometry to relate the given mass of iron to the mass of Fe₂O₃ produced via the balanced equation, resulting in the formation of 47.76 grams of Fe₂O₃.
The student asked how many grams of Fe₂O₃ are formed when 33.4 g of Fe reacts completely with oxygen. We'll solve this by using stoichiometry based on the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between iron and oxygen:
4 Fe + 3 O₂ arr 2 Fe₂O₃
Firstly, we need to find the number of moles of iron:
Number of moles of Fe = mass of Fe / molar mass of Fe = 33.4 g / 55.85 g/mol
Calculate moles of Fe₂O₃ using the mole ratio from the balanced equation. As per the equation, 4 moles of Fe produce 2 moles ofFe₂O₃ . Therefore, the number of moles of iron will be halved to find the moles of Fe₂O₃.
Finally, convert the number of moles of Fe₂O₃ to grams using its molar mass (55.85 g/mol for Fe and 16.00 g/mol for O, resulting in 159.7 g/mol for Fe₂O₃ ).
Using the above steps, the specific calculations are:
33.4 g Fe / 55.85 g/mol Fe = 0.598 moles Fe
0.598 moles Fe arr 0.598 / 2 = 0.299 moles
0.299 moles Fe₂O₃ × 159.7 g/mol Fe₂O₃ = 47.76 g (rounded to two decimal places)
This means that 47.76 grams of Fe₂O₃ are formed when 33.4 grams of Fe reacts with oxygen.
what property of a mineral is tested when it hits with a hammer and breaks into flat sheets
Hardness is the property being measured.
PLEASE HELP!!
Use the periodic table to identify each of the elements below as an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal.
Rb:
alkali metal
alkaline earth metal
Using the periodic table, the element Rb, Rubidium is a member of the Alkali metal (Group IA) of the periodic table.
The periodic table is a systematic arrangement of elements in order of their atomic number into a set of 8 primary Columns each of which is called a Group and a set of 7 rows each of which is called a Period.
It is evident from the picture attached that Rb is an alkali metal element as it is placed in the group IA of the periodic table (more specifically the period 5).Alkali metals are characterized by the presence of 1 electron in their outermost shell; a state of existence which is evident in Rb (Rubidium).Ultimately, Rb, Rubidium is a member of the Alkali metal (Group IA) of the periodic table.
Other notable group include:
Chalcogens (Group vi) elementsHalogens (Group vii) elementsRead more:
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Box A is pulled 2 meters when a 3-newton force is applied to it.
Box B is pulled 3 meters when a 2-newton force is applied to it. How does the work done on the two boxes compare?
A. More work was done on box A.
B. More work was done on box B.
C. The same amount of work was done on each box.
Answer:
C. The same amount of work is done on each box.
Step-by-step explanation:
The formula for work (w) done is
w = f×d
Box A:
w = 3 × 2
w = 6 J
=====
Box B:
w = 2 × 3
w = 6 J
The same amount of work is done on each box
1. Antoine Lavoisier, a French scientist, established which principle?
a. Mercury and oxygen are nonreactive.
b. An open system is required to observe changes in mass.
c. The total mass of the products of a reaction is always slightly more than the total mass of the reactants.
d. The total mass of the products of a reaction is equal to the total mass of the reactants.
Answer: The correct option is d.
Explanation: Antoine Lavoisier is a french scientist who discovered the role of oxygen in the process of combustion and respiration.
He was famous for the law of conservation of mass.
This law states that the total mass the reactant will equal to the total mass of the products in a chemical reaction.
For example: Combustion of methane
[tex]CH_4+2O_2\rightarrow CO_2+2H_2O[/tex]
Mass of the reactants = [tex][12+4(1)]+[2(32)]=80g/mol[/tex]
Mass of the products = [tex][12+2(16)]+2[2(1)+16]=80g/mol[/tex]
Hence, every chemical reaction will follow law of conservation of mass.
Antoine Lavoisier established the Law of Conservation of Mass, which states the total mass of reactants is equal to the total mass of the products in a chemical reaction.
Explanation:Antoine Lavoisier, a French scientist, is renowned for establishing the Law of Conservation of Mass, which fundamentally states that the total mass of the reactants in a chemical reaction is always equal to the total mass of the products. This principle aligns with the option 'The total mass of the products of a reaction is equal to the total mass of the reactants' (option d). Relating to the conservation of matter, it suggests that matter can neither be created nor destroyed, but only transformed from one form to another. This discovery was groundbreaking and forms a key part of the basis of modern Chemistry.
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how would one express 356,000,000 km in scientific notation?
3.56 times 10^8 i believe is your answer
3.56 × 10^8
1. Move the decimal to the left until it gets to a number below ten
2. Then count the number of times you moved it over
3. Multiply the first number you got (3.56) by 10 to the power of how ever many times you moved the deecjaml over.
It will look like this: 3.56 × 10^8
Make the following conversion. 120 mL = _____ cm³
12.0
1200
120
1.20
Answer: 120
Explanation:
Volume of the gas is defined as the space occupied by a substance. It is expressed in units like [tex]cm^3[/tex], [tex]m^3[/tex] , L and ml.
All these units of volume are inter convertible.
We are given:
Volume of the gas = [tex]120ml[/tex]
Converting this unit of volume into [tex]cm^3[/tex] by using conversion factor:
[tex]1cm^3=1ml[/tex]
[tex]120ml=\frac{1}{1}\times 120=120cm^3[/tex]
Thus the volume in [tex]cm^3[/tex] would be 120.
A substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical or physical means is a what ?
It is a pure substance
26. In dilute nitric acid, HNO, copper metal dissolves according to the following equation: How many grams of HNO, are needed to dissolve 11.45 g of Cu according to this equation?
The correct amount of HNO₃ needed to dissolve 11.45 g of Cu according to the equation is 98.9 grams.
To solve this problem, first, determine the molar mass of copper (Cu) and nitric acid (HNO₃). Copper has a molar mass of 63.55 g/mol, while nitric acid has a molar mass of 63.01 g/mol.
Next, calculate the number of moles of copper present in 11.45 g using its molar mass. This yields approximately 0.180 moles of Cu.
Now, use the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation to find the moles of nitric acid needed.
According to the equation, 3 moles of Cu react with 8 moles of HNO₃. Therefore, the moles of HNO₃ needed would be (8/3) × 0.180 = 0.480 moles.
Finally, convert moles of HNO₃ to grams using its molar mass. This gives 0.480 moles × 63.01 g/mol = 30.245 g.
However, this is the amount needed for 0.180 moles of Cu.
To find the amount needed for 11.45 g of Cu, we use the proportion: (30.245 g / 0.180 mol) × 11.45 g = 192.08 g.
The correct answer is 98.9 grams of HNO₃.
To dissolve 11.45 g of Cu, 31.92 grams of HNO₃ are needed.
Molar Mass Calculation:
Molar mass of Cu = 63.55 g/mol
Molar mass of HNO₃ = 63.01 g/mol
Moles of Copper:
[tex]\[ \text{Moles of Cu} = \dfrac{\text{Mass of Cu}}{\text{Molar mass of Cu}} = \dfrac{11.45 \, \text{g}}{63.55 \, \text{g/mol}} = 0.18 \, \text{mol} \][/tex]
Stoichiometry of the Reaction:
According to the balanced equation:
3 moles of Cu react with 8 moles of HNO₃.
Moles of HNO₃:
[tex]= \dfrac{8}{3} \times \text{Moles of Cu} \\= \dfrac{8}{3} \times 0.18 \, \text{mol} = 0.48 \, \text{mol} \][/tex]
Mass of HNO₃:
[tex]\[ \text{Mass of } HNO_3 = \text{Moles of } HNO_3 \times \text{Molar mass of }HNO_3\\ = 0.48 \, \text{mol} \times 63.01 \, \text{g/mol} \\= 31.92 \, \text{g} \][/tex]