Final answer:
The plant species with the greatest genetic diversity, which in this case is Genus B, would most likely survive a new disease due to a higher chance of having advantageous traits. Option 3.
Explanation:
If a new plant disease were introduced or if there was a dramatic environmental change, the plant species most likely to have individuals survive the disease would be the one with the greatest genetic diversity. According to the information provided, Genus B has greater genetic diversity compared to Genus A, which means Genus B is more likely to have traits that confer an advantage in a new environment. Moreover, it is suggested that plant species that are pest-resistant such as those that could thrive in warm temperatures may have a better chance of survival in certain climate changes.
Considering the other options provided, such as drought resistance in different climates, these qualities are not directly linked to disease resistance. Therefore, they are less relevant when considering a plant species' ability to survive a new plant disease. Additionally, while Species D may have different feeding habits (according to option d provided), this is less relevant to disease resistance.
Ultimately, the adaptive traits that come with greater genetic diversity can provide a buffer against disease by potentially having various resistance genes and mechanisms. Therefore, species within Genus B with greater genetic diversity would be the most likely to survive a plant disease.
Nitrifying bacteria obtain their chemical energy from: A. the reduction of NO3- to NH4+. B. the formation of NH4+ from N2 gas. C. the oxidation of NH4+ to N2.
Answer:
C. the oxidation of NH4+ to N2.
Explanation:
Nitrifying bacteria are specific types of bacteria that obtain their chemical energy by the oxidation of inorganic nitrogen compounds. The process of nitrification can be divided into two steps:
oxidation of ammonium to nitrite (performed by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria-AOB such as Nitrosomonas)oxidation of nitrite (NO2−) to nitrate (NO3−) performed by nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) such as Nitrobacter.In which procedure are eggs removed and fertilized with sperm outside the body before being transferred to the female uterus?
This procedure is called In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
Explain how human activity and biodiversity affect one another.
Provide both positive and negative examples.
Answer:
The main threats facing biodiversity globally are : destruction,degradation and fragmentation of habitats, reduction of individual survival and reproductive rates through exploitation, pollution. These are all caused by humans burning fossil fuels which causes global warming which menas the ozone layer is starting to get holes in it to let the radiation through which is dangerous
Explanation:
Put the sequence of protein synthesis in the proper order: amino acids bind to each other, the chain lengthens mrna copies dna according to complementary base pairing dna strands unwind and separate trna binds to the corresponding mrna a stop codon is reached, the newly formed protein is released trna binds to the corresponding mrna mrna leaves the nucleus
Answer:
There is no question to this text.
Explanation:
Protein synthesis begins with the unwinding of DNA, followed by mRNA transcription and transportation out of the nucleus. tRNA then binds to mRNA in the ribosome, linking amino acids to form a protein until a stop codon signals its release.
The sequence of events during protein synthesis is intricate and follows a precise order. Once the double helix of the DNA unwinds, the sequence of the gene is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA), which leaves the nucleus and travels to the ribosome. Here, transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, each carrying a specific amino acid, bind to the corresponding codons on the mRNA in the ribosome. As each tRNA brings its specific amino acid, they are linked together forming a growing polypeptide chain. This process continues until a stop codon is reached, signaling the release of the newly formed protein, which will then fold into its functional three-dimensional shape.
DNA strands unwind and separate.
mRNA copies DNA according to complementary base pairing.
mRNA leaves the nucleus.
tRNA binds to the corresponding mRNA.
Amino acids bind to each other as the chain lengthens.
A stop codon is reached, and the newly formed protein is released.
How are microorganisms involved in the movement of nitrogen from the atmosphere to the bodies of other organisms? Why can’t other organisms just get nitrogen from air?
Microorganisms that are involved in the nitrogen cycle are able to break the triple of elemental nitrogen using special enzymes that they have developed and make ammonium. Other organisms like plants are unable to break the triple bond and therefore rely on these microorganisms so that they can absorb the ammonia
What would you typically see on a beach after winter has ended? Select one: a. Much more sand piled up on the beach. b. Much less sand piled up on the beach. c. The same amount of sand should be at the beach no matter what season it is.
the answer would be (b), do to al the storms and wave heights causing the sand to be pulled offshore
Answer:
The correct answer is option a. "Much more sand piled up on the beach".
Explanation:
Even though for occasional visitors it might seem that beach sand does not move, there is a constant flow of sand between the land and the ocean. Typically, you will see much more sand piled up on the beach after winter has ended. During winter there is much less sand on the beach because winter storms produce high energy waves that pull sand offshore. Once winter has over, the gentle waves of summer carry sand back on to the beach.
When Carolus Linnaeus created his classification system in the 1700s, he sorted organisms based on their physical characteristics. In 1990, Carl Woese and his colleagues introduced a new classification system that sorted organisms into three different domains. Which of the following best explains why this change occurred?
Many of the organisms classified by Linnaeus are extinct, and his classification system was considered outdated.
Linnaeus' classification system did not account for similar organisms being found in different geographic locations.
New genetic research showed that organisms with similar characteristics were not related to each other.
Organisms were discovered that belonged in more than one of Linnaeus' kingdoms, based on physical appearance.
Answer:
New genetic research showed that organisms with similar characteristics were not related to each other.
Explanation:
Linnaeus system of classification was based on morphological features such as the morphology of stamen and carpels. however, with new genetic advancement, it was shown that two morphologically similar organisms may have a separate evolutionary history and were not related to each other. Hence, the three-domain system was introduced to classify organisms based on a large number of features (morphological, biochemical, molecular, etc.)
Enzymes affect the reactions in living cells by changing what?
Answer:
Speed of Biochemical Reaction (Lowering the Activation energy)
Explanation:
Enzymes are catalyst that speeds up the rate of biochemical reaction in living organism. They are protein in nature and they are involved in every process that take place in living organisms such as breaking down of food to building up of protein. In living organism, enzymes speed up the rate of chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy thereby bringing the reactants close to each other and weaken there chemical bonds which will enable the reactions to be faster.
Enzymes affect biochemical reactions in living cells primarily by lowering the activation energy, thereby increasing the reaction rate. They are specific to certain molecules and their activity is influenced by factors including temperature and pH.
Explanation:Enzymes, which are typically proteins, play a crucial role in living cells by affecting the rates of chemical reactions. These are known as catalysts in biochemical reactions. The primary way enzymes affect these reactions is by lowering the amount of energy needed to start them, which is known as the activation energy.
The enzymes' activity can be influenced by factors such as temperature and pH, as well as the concentration of the reactants and the enzyme itself. Each enzyme is specific to its substrate, meaning it only acts on certain molecules within the cell. This precise interaction allows enzymes to speed up vital reactions that need to occur within the cell.
Therefore, the presence and activity of these enzymes ultimately determine which reactions will proceed and at what rates. For example, enzymes like salivary amylase act as catalytic enzymes to affect the rate of digestion in the human body.
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Changes in arterial ph can modify respiration rate and rhythm even when carbon dioxide and oxygen levels are normal. changes in arterial ph can modify respiration rate and rhythm even when carbon dioxide and oxygen levels are normal.
a. True
b. False
Final answer:
The statement is true; changes in arterial pH can modify respiration rate and rhythm even when CO2 and oxygen levels are normal. This is because the body uses chemoreceptors to regulate breathing based on the pH of the blood, to maintain homeostasis.
Explanation:
The statement is true. Changes in arterial pH can indeed modify the respiration rate and rhythm, even when carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen levels are normal. This modulation of respiration is a regulatory mechanism that maintains acid-base balance in the body. The respiratory centers of the brain, stimulated by changes in blood chemistry and pH, govern this process.
Peripheral chemoreceptors located in the aortic arch and carotid arteries sense variations in hydrogen ion concentration, which effectively indicates pH levels. An increase in hydrogen ion concentration (which corresponds to a decrease in pH or a more acidic environment) triggers these chemoreceptors to enhance respiration rate to expel CO2 more rapidly from the bloodstream, consequently elevating the systemic pH.
The body continuously monitors arterial levels of CO2 via modes of feedback control. If there is an excess buildup of CO2 in the blood, which can occur during conditions like strenuous exercise leading to lactic acid production, the respiratory rate increases to balance the increased acid production and avoid acidosis. Entailing respiratory adjustments, this process assists in the stabilization of both CO2 concentration and the pH level.
Genetic drift tends to occur in populations that
Answer:
are reproductively isolated
Explanation:
The genetic drift represents a change in the frequency of an already existing gene variant in a population as a consequence of random sampling of organisms. The offspring would have the genes from their parents, and because the population is limited in numbers and it has been exposed to a new environment, the individuals with advantageous traits will survive and reproduce, while the others will die out gradually. This occurs when a small population of some species is reproductively isolated. The genetic variation is very small because of the small number of individuals, so only certain genes are passed on tot he offspring, thus resulting in gradual changes that will eventually lead to the creation of a separate species.
Genetic drift tends to occur in small populations where random events can cause some alleles to be overrepresented or underrepresented, potentially leading to changes in allele frequency and eventually, gene fixation or loss.
Genetic drift tends to occur in populations that are small. This random change in allele frequencies is due to the fact that the alleles that make it into the next generation are a random sample of the alleles in the current generation. Because population sizes are smaller, some alleles may be over-represented or under-represented by chance, similarly to flipping a coin a few times. This may cause certain alleles to become fixed or disappear entirely in the population.
Specific examples of how genetic drift can occur include natural disasters, like a storm disproportionately affecting certain animals, thus changing the allele frequencies of the surviving population. In cases where breeding is limited to small local populations, the frequency of an allele can begin to drift toward higher or lower values randomly over time.
Genetic drift can significantly affect the genetic structure of populations on islands or in other isolated areas where smaller population sizes are expected and the force of random events is more pronounced.
Which describes an African butterfly species that exists in two strikingly different color patterns?a. sexual selectionb. disruptive selectionc. artificial selectiond. directional selectione. stabilizing selection
Answer:
The answer is b disruptive selection. Hope this helps.
which statement correctly describes the relationship between bones and muscles
a. a muscle can both push and pull a muscle, causing it to move
b. bones can move without the aid of muscles
c. moving a bone back and forth requires the action of at least two muscles
d. a bone needs only one muscle to move it back and forth
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Bones are moved at the joints by muscles. It requires at least two muscles acting antagonistically on the bone to move the joint. When one muscle contracts, the other relaxes. Muscles are attached to bones through tendons. An example is the humerus (bone of the upper arm) is moved at the elbow by the antagonistic action of the biceps and triceps.
What is the function of the conjugation pilus?
Answer:
It is involved in the process of conjugation-exchange of genetic material between two bacteria
Explanation:
Conjugation is one of the ways by which bacteria exchange their genetic material (horizontal gene transfer). Two bacterial cells must physically connect in order to perform the conjugation. The linking occurs through a pilus.
Pilus is an appendage on the surface of bacteria cell and it is also called fimbria. Pilus is filamentous, tubular and composed of oligomeric proteins-pilin.
Donor cell contain pilus that will attach to the recipient bacterial cell and induce the transfer.
The conjugation pilus, also known as a sex pilus, is a hollow tube composed of protein that brings two bacterial cells into contact for the process of conjugation. It enables the transfer of genetic material, usually in the form of a plasmid, from a donor cell (F+) to a recipient cell (F-).
Explanation:Conjugation is a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria where DNA is directly transferred from one cell to another using a conjugation pilus, also known as a sex pilus. The conjugation pilus is a hollow tube composed of protein that brings two bacterial cells into contact for the process of conjugation. It enables the transfer of genetic material, usually in the form of a plasmid, from a donor cell (F+) to a recipient cell (F-).
What caused by greenhouse gases? A. the hole in the ozone layer is decreasing B. global warming C. temperature decrease D. weather patterns remaining stable
Answer:
A the hole in the ozone layer is decreasing
B
Explanation:
This is an active transport mechanism by which cells pump sodium and potassium ions against the concentration gradient.
Answer:
Primary active transport
Explanation:
Primary active transport is the transport in which molecules are moved against their gradient, with direct use of ATP as an energy source. Na/K pump is an example of primary active transport: Na ions are transported out of cell, K ions are moved into the cell. This pumps maintain concentrations of those ions and also creates voltage across the cell membrane, which can be used for the secondary active transport of other molecules (e.g. glucose).
Answer:
sodium potassiom pump
Explanation:
usa test prep
Nephrons located close to the medulla with long nephron loops are called ________ nephrons.
vasa recta
juxtamedullary
Henle
juxtaglomerular
cortical
Answer:
The answer is juxtamedullary nephrons. Hope this helps.
which type of water always has to be treated before it is safe for the environment? Blackwater, brownwater, leachate, graywater
Answer:
I think is is option is Gray Water. I hope this helps and good luck!
Explanation:
Blackwater always requires treatment before being released into the environment because it contains pathogens and organic waste. Wastewater treatment is a multi-step process aimed at making water safe for discharge or reuse. Gray water and leachate also need treatment but have different levels of contaminants compared to blackwater.
The type of water that always has to be treated before it is safe for the environment is blackwater. Blackwater is wastewater that contains biological materials such as feces and urine, therefore it has a high load of pathogens and organic matter. Proper sewage (wastewater treatment) is crucial, as untreated sewage is a significant source of pathogenic diseases and various other pollutants including oxygen-demanding waste, nutrients, and toxic heavy metals.
Resolution of the global water pollution crisis requires sustainable water management practices. The best strategy for preventing waterborne diseases and improving water quality involves advanced wastewater treatment methods. These methods may include a combination of primary, secondary, and tertiary treatments along with disinfection, to make the wastewater safe to discharge into the environment or to be reused in irrigation and other non-potable applications.
Unlike blackwater, gray water from sources like laundry or washing might be reused for purposes such as watering gardens or flushing toilets with less intensive treatment. However, leachate, a liquid that has percolated through solid waste and captured soluble or suspended materials, also requires thorough treatment due to potential contamination.
The diagram below shows the structure of a segment of DNA.
--
Which of the following best describes the component of DNA labeled with an x in the diagram?
A.
a series of codons
B.
nitrogenous bases
C.
chromosome pairs
D.
sugar and phosphate
Answer:
B. nitrogenous bases
Explanation:
Nitrogenous bases are chemical compounds formed by slightly alkaline rings that contain nitrogen. Together with sugar and a phosphoric acid, they make up ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). It is through these nitrogenous bases that the two strands of DNA are linked. This is exactly what we can see in the picture.
There are five types of bases, which are classified into two groups:
Purine or purine nitrogenous bases: adenine (A) and guanine (G); Pyrimidine or pyrimidine nitrogenous bases: cytosine (C), thymine (T) and uracil (U).Pyrimidine bases are derived from pyrimidine and are formed by a ring (hexagonal) of carbon and nitrogen. The purine bases are derived from purine, are larger and have two rings (one hexagonal and one pentagonal) of carbon and nitrogen.
a conservation plan could proceed with a single 20-square kilometer habitat preserve or with two habitat perserves,measuring a total of 20 square kilometers combined. Which perserve format would support more species
Answer:40
Explanation:20+20=40
In a population of squirrels, the allele that causes bushy tails (B) is dominant, while the allele that causes bald tails is recessive (b). If 64% of the squirrels have a bushy tail, what is the frequency of the dominant allele?A. 0.8B. 0.6C. 0.4D. 0.36E. 0.2
Answer: C. 0.4
64% of the population have dominant phenotype which means they’re either BB or Bb. The other 36% of the population have bb genotype. If this population is in equilibrium then f(b)=rad0.36=0.6 and as u know f(b)+f(B)=1. So 1-0.6=0.4.
Hope this helps:))
Final answer:
The frequency of the dominant allele (B) in the squirrel population is 80% or 0.8, determined using the Hardy-Weinberg equation and the given information that 64% of the squirrels have a bushy tail.
Explanation:
If 64% of the squirrels have a bushy tail caused by the dominant allele B, we can use the Hardy-Weinberg principle to find the allele frequencies in the population. In this principle, the equation p² + 2pq + q² = 1 describes the frequencies of the genotypes in a population, where p is the frequency of the dominant allele and q is the frequency of the recessive allele. Since only the recessive phenotype can be identified with certainty (bb), we must first find the frequency of the recessive genotype. The square root of the percentage of squirrels with bald tails (which is 100% - 64%, or 36%) gives us q² = 0.36, so q = 0.6. Using p + q = 1, we can calculate that p = 1 - q = 1 - 0.6 = 0.4. However, this solution is incorrect based on the given information that q² = 0.04, which indicates a typo in the original question. Correctly taking the square root of q² (0.04) gives q = 0.2. We then find the frequency of the dominant allele (p) with p = 1 - q = 1 - 0.2 = 0.8. Therefore, the frequency of the dominant allele B is 0.8 or 80% in the gene pool.
Which of the following is most directly responsible for the coupling of excitation to contraction of skeletal muscle fibers?Acetylcholine.Action potentials.Calcium ions.Sodium ions.
Answer:
Calcium ions
Explanation:
The excitation-contraction coupling process is the process by which the electrical activation of muscles (the depolarization of the action potential) leads to the activation of contraction.
An action potential in the skeletal muscles or muscle excitation leads to Ca release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum via calcium channel protein. Released Ca regulates the contraction of the muscle.
which statement correctly describes the immune system of a person with aids
it uses only the humoral response
it has many memory cells
it has more antibodies than it can use
the number of helper t cells is low
Answer:
im new so i will try my best
Explanation:
it uses only the humoral response
Answer:
The number of helper T cells is low
Explanation:
AIDS is caused by HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) that targets the helper T cells of the host's immune system. Lower count of helper T cell due to presence of HIV in body makes the AIDS patients susceptible for other infections. Hence, the immune system of AIDS patients is weakened due to absence of sufficient count of helper T cells.
Green plants need light in order to survive. Structures in the leaves absorb light, which in turn, helps plants make their own food.
Under which color of light will plants be least likely to make food?
red
blue
orange
green
Answer:
The correct answer is the green light.
Explanation:
Plant themselves have a green color pigment in their leaves called chlorophyll which absorbs visible light.
Pigments absorb mostly the red and blue color light and reflect green light. This the reason why plants appear green to us and least likely to make food. Most of the autotrophs contain this green pigment.
Thus, the correct answer is the green light.
green light is the correct answer....hope this helps :))))
Suppose a rock on Earth is dropped in a vacuum and has an initial speed of 0 m/s. What is the rock's speed after 2 seconds, in m/s?
Answer:
Explanation:
There are many different equations which can be used to find acceleration, time, velocity, distance, etc. However, there are three variables we need to take into consideration for this question, initial velocity, acceleration due to gravity, and time.
The equation acceleration= velocity/time, can be used, and we need to remember that on Earth, acceleration due to gravity is calculated to be 9.8 m/s².
So using the equation:
a= v/t
v= a x t
v= (9.8 m/s²) x (2 s)
v= 19.6 m/s
What are cells where the genetic material is contained in membrane-bound nuclei?
Answer:
Eukaryotic cells
Explanation:
There are two main types of cells among living organisms:
Eukaryotic cell (plants, animals, fungi) which is more compound, conntains nucleus with genetic material in it, membrane-bound organelles (mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes etc). Because of their complex structure, the process within such cells are often more comlex then those in prokaryotes. Eukaryotic organisms are usually multicellularProkaryotic cell is simple cell found in Archea and Bacteria kingdom. It doesn't have nucleus neither membrane-bound organelles. Genetic material of these cell is located within the cytoplasm together with proteins and metabolites. First living cell was prokaryotic cell. Organisms that are prokaryotic are usually unicellular.which type of limiting factor does the seasonal drought in the serengeti plains affect
Seasonal drought impacts a density-independent limiting factor within the Serengeti. Such factors which tend to be physical or chemical i.e abiotic affect the survival of a species irrespective of the population size. This can result in major behavioral changes like migration in search for food and water.
Explanation:The seasonal drought in the Serengeti plains affects a type of limiting factor known as density-independent regulation. These factors typically abiotic in nature influence the survival and mortality of a population regardless of its density. In the Serengeti ecosystem this might mean that during periods of drought, animals such as Wildebeests migrate to follow the rainfall in search of food no matter the size of the population. This is an example of wildlife responding to the availability of food and water, a limiting factor that changes based on seasonal weather patterns, irrespective of the number of individuals in the animal population.
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How is a species added to the endangered species list?
A species is added to the endangered list when the numbers of the species decrease drastically, making the species dangerously close to getting extinct
How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis related?
Answer:
Products of photosynthesis are used in cellular respiration
Explanation:
Photosynthesis is a process performed by the plants (also some algae and bacteria) in which the energy of sunlight is transformed into chemical energy usable by those plants. Necessary components of this set of reactions are sunlight, water and CO2, while resulting products are glucose and oxygen. Products of photosynthesis are then used in the metabolic processes known as cellular respiration. During the cellular respiration, glucose and oxygen are used for the production of ATP, CO2 and water. Cellular respiration is performed in mitochondria of all living organisms.
Photosynthesis occur in the chloroplast, membrane organelles with photosynthetic pigments (such as chlorophyll).
How did the agricultural revolution lead to an increase in human population numbers? How did the agricultural revolution lead to an increase in human population numbers? The shift from a nomadic lifestyle to settling down on farms led to people producing more food to meet their nutritional needs, and therefore, having more children. Farming allowed for the discovery of pesticides, which allowed for better food production. The discovery of medicines, such as antibiotics, allowed us to live longer. Industrialization and manufacturing allowed us to produce more food.
Answer:
The shift from a nomadic lifestyle to settling down on farms led to people producing more food to meet their nutritional needs, and therefore, having more children.
Explanation:
The agricultural revolution is in many ways the most important turning point in the development of the humans. The humans saw the potential in some of the wild crops and that they can cultivate them. In order to do so, the people had to settle and create farmlands, and so they did. For the first time the people started to produce their own food, and not just that they were producing, but it was in such a high amount that they were able to have food for the whole year and more. This resulted in a gradual increase of the human population, as the worry about food was no longer there, the people had shelters and were living in larger groups so they were protected from predators, and they were not risking and losing their lives while hunting larger animals. As the populations were growing, the settlements that had tens or hundreds of people started to grown, and they gave birth to the first towns and cities.
The Agricultural Revolution led to an increase in human population numbers by providing more abundant and reliable food sources through the domestication of plants and animals, technologically advanced farming practices, and creating food surplus that allowed larger family sizes and socio-economic developments.
Explanation:The Agricultural Revolution, a shift from nomadic hunting and gathering to settled farming, played a pivotal role in increasing human population numbers. In essence, the development of agriculture leads to various socio-economic changes that spurred exponential population growth.
One significant transformation was the domestication of plants and animals, which provided more abundant and reliable food sources. Regions across the globe including the Near East, China, Sub-Saharan Africa, Mesoamerica, South America, independently developed unique types of domesticated plants based on their natural vegetation. For instance, grains like wheat and barley were cultivated in the Near East while maize and rice were grown in Mesoamerica and China respectively.
Similarly, advancements in technology, specifically the invention of the steam engine and agricultural machines, allowed for more efficient farming practices and increased the amount of available resources to sustain human life. The change from subsistence farming to the practice of planting large fields of a single crop substantially improved food production.
Moreover, agriculture gave birth to labour specialization and prompted socio-economic developments. As food surplus was created, not everyone was needed in the fields, therefore, new occupations surfaced and trade systems developed. Furthermore, larger family sizes were sustained by the enhanced food production, which contributed to a dramatic increase in global human population.
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Question 21(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
(12.05 MC)
A suspect is brought in for questioning about a string of burglaries. This same suspect has been questioned by police before for other crimes. After about a half-hour of questioning, the 17- year-old suspect confesses to the crime. What would make you question the accuracy of this confession the most?
The suspect has only been questioned for a short time
The suspect was probably confused about the process
The suspect is under 18 years of age
The suspect wouldn't admit to one crime and not others
The suspect has only been questioned for a short period of time, cuz the second answer, he has been questioned before, the third one doesn’t make sense cuz it’s just age and fourth doesn’t make sense
Answer:
C - The suspect is under 18 yrs of age
Explanation:
Confessions after long periods of questioning might be used, however, this was only 30 minutes. The suspect has been questioned previously, so he knows the process. He is in fact under the age of 18, and not considered an adult, and juvenile confessions are commonly false. PLUS - I got it right on the test!