When you inhale or breathe in air, your diaphragm will contract or tighten and it will move downward. This will result to an increase in space in your chest cavity where your lungs will expand. The intercostal muscles located between your ribs will also help in the enlargement of the chest cavity. When your lungs expand, air will flow through your nose or mouth. The air will travel through your wind pipe and into your lungs. It will pass through your bronchial tubes and it will eventually reach and enters the alveoli or the air sacs.
When you exhale or breathe out on the other hand, your diaphragm will relax and it will move upward into your chest cavity. The intercostal muscles will likewise relax resulting to the reduction of space in the chest cavity. When the space in the chest cavity gets smaller, air that is carrying carbon dioxide will be forced out of your lungs and windpipe and it will eventually go out of your nose or mouth.
In seedcracker finches from cameroon, small- and large-billed birds specialize in cracking soft and hard seeds, respectively. if long-term climatic change resulted in all seeds becoming hard, what type of selection would then operate on the finch population?
list 10 common diseases that can cause a secondary immunodeficiency. Finally, describe some actions that you can take to prevent an immune deficiency
Answer:
(Answers may vary.)
In my research, I found that primary deficiencies are present at birth (congenital). Genetic defects cause these deficiencies. They are rare and occur in infants and children. Secondary immunodeficiencies are caused by environmental factors. Some factors are poor diet and certain medications or diseases. They are more common than primary immunodeficiencies and may develop at any age.
The following common diseases can cause a secondary immunodeficiency:
cancers
HIV infection
hepatitis
burns
diabetes
chronic kidney disease
rheumatoid arthritis
lupus
leukemia
malnutrition
Some actions can prevent an immune deficiency:
Eat a healthy diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables.
Avoid people with infections (such as colds).
Wash your hands frequently.
Obtain adequate sleep (about 8 hours).
Practice safe-sex.
Explanation:
its what the website gave me
A client in preterm labor is to receive a tocolytic medication, and bedrest is prescribed. which position should the nurse suggest that the client maintain while on bedrest?
The key function of bile is to emulsify the dietary fats. this prevents the fats from forming large globs which are not easily accessible by the enzymes.
When our bodies extract energy from food and convert it to a form that our cells can use, how much total food energy is lost as heat? A. 75 percent B. Less than 10 percent C. More than 50 percent D. 20 percent
Answer: Option C
Explanation: The food that is eaten is used in ATP production and rest of it is released in the form of heat. The food that is eaten undergoes the process of cellular respiration.
This process of cellular respiration helps in the breakdown of the glucose into ATP. An average cell uses 40% of the energy for conversion into adenosine triphosphate and approximately 60% of the energy is released in the form of heat.
So, more than 50% of the food energy is lost in the form of heat.
The krebs cycle, named after its discoverer is also called ____ cycle after the molecule that forms once acetyl enters the cycle.
cytosol enters the cycles
Which is the BEST research question for students to ask if they are conducting research on antibodies?
How does the immune system produce memory cells for antigens?
This is the BEST research question for students to ask if they are conducting research on antibodies because the answer to this question must tell about production of B-cells, recognition of antigen, T-helper cells, colony formation, and phagocytosis of foreign antigen, T-killer cells, and all other details which is possible.
Which compounds are referred to as “the building blocks of proteins”? lipids fatty acids amino acids carbohydrates?
Answer:
Amino Acids.
Explanation:
The basic building block of a protein is called an amino acid. There are 20 amino acids in the proteins you eat and in the proteins within your body, and they link together to form large protein molecules
Which enzyme(s) will produce a dna fragment that contains the entire vgp gene (shown in red) and has “sticky ends”?
HindIII and BamHI are the enzymes that will create a DNA fragment that carries the entire vgp gene (shown in red) and has "sticky ends"
Cloning the vgp gene requires an enzyme that has restriction sites on both sides of that gene but not within the gene. Satisfying that requirement are the two enzymes, namely HindIII and BamHI, while at the same time, creates DNA fragments that contain sticky ends. Sticky ends make it possible for the fragments to combine with the DNA of a cloning vector, such as a plasmid
BamH I, on the other hand is a type II restriction endonuclease, having the capacity for recognizing short sequences (6 b.p.) of DNA and specifically cleaving them at a target site.
Water-soluble respiratory irritants affect what part of respiratory system first
Which of the following actions would be most effective in decreasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere while increasing the amount of biodiversity in an area?
Answer:
Planting more trees to absorb more of the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
Why does the treatment of a genetic disease produce only a "phenotypic cure"?
Final answer:
Treatments like gene therapy for genetic diseases such as SCID address the symptoms (phenotype) but often do not change the underlying genetic makeup (genotype). These treatments provide a 'phenotypic cure' by improving the observable characteristics or symptoms, while the genetic mutations are still present in the individual's DNA and can be inherited.
Explanation:
When addressing genetic diseases like Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID), treatments often focus on alleviating or correcting the phenotypic symptoms rather than changing the underlying genetic cause. This is due to the complexity of genetic disorders, which are caused by abnormalities within the genome impacting the normal function of proteins and cells. Current treatments, such as gene therapy, have the potential to insert normal genes into cells that harbor mutations, and while this can mitigate the symptoms or phenotype, it does not alter the patient's germ line and therefore is not a true genetic cure.
This phenomenon is described as a 'phenotypic cure' because the treatments can improve the phenotype—observable characteristics or symptoms of the disease—even though the genotype—individual's genetic makeup—remains unchanged. For single-gene disorders, where a defect in one specific gene can give rise to the disease, gene therapy holds promise. However, for most diseases influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors, predicting inheritance patterns, and addressing genetic disorders, becomes considerably more complex.
Treatments that target symptoms can be effective in improving quality of life and health outcomes. Nonetheless, they do not offer a permanent solution as the individual's DNA, which can be passed to the offspring if the gene is not in the germ line, contains the original mutation. Therefore, until treatments that can safely and effectively alter the germ line are developed and ethically approved, genetic diseases will generally only be treatable at the phenotypic level.
The standard deviation of the tap water data is 1.086. The standard deviation of the salt water data is 1.107. Which explains why the standard deviation is the best measure of variability to use to compare the data?
Answer:
A). Nearly Symmetrical
Explanation:
Don't ask i kno all answers!
The development of pubic hair, though located around the external genitalia, which are involved in reproduction, is still considered
The development of pubic hair in puberty, although near the reproductive organs, is considered a secondary sex characteristic. These are changes that are related to sexual identity and serve auxiliary roles in reproduction, but are not directly involved in the reproduction process.
Explanation:The development of pubic hair during puberty, although it is located near the reproductive organs, falls under the category of secondary sex characteristics. Secondary sex characteristics are physical changes that occur during puberty, which is a stage of development that leads to sexual maturity. These changes are not directly involved in reproduction, but they serve auxiliary roles, and are nonfunctional adaptations related to the sexual identity of an individual.
In both males and females, these changes are triggered by a concerted release of hormones from the hypothalamus (GnRH), the anterior pituitary (LH and FSH), and the gonads (either testosterone or estrogen). The sequence of these events can vary between individuals, but the outcomes are predictable.
Therefore, despite the location of the pubic hair, it is still categorized as a secondary sexual characteristic since it serves an auxiliary role, and is not directly involved in the act of reproduction
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Match the following items.
1. Rr ........ homozygous definition
2. rr .......... homozygous, recessive cell
3. identical alleles .......... homozygous, dominant cell
4. unlike alleles .......... heterozygous, dominant cell
5. RR .......... heterozygous definition
Answer: The correct matching for the given items is as follows-
1) Rr- Heterozygous dominant cell
2) rr- homozygous recessive cell.
3) Identical alleles- Homozygous.
4) Unlike alleles- heterozygous.
5) RR- homozygous dominant.
There are two alternative forms of a gene( also called alleles) that correspond to a particular trait or characteristic of the organism. These are dominant and recessive allele.
Dominant allele is the one that expresses itself and masks the recessive allele. It is represented by capital letter ( like R in this case) whereas recessive allele is depicted by small letter ( like r)
When an individual possesses identical alleles for the trait it is called homozygous. When alleles are not alike that is different then it is called heterozygous.
"A Divine Image" by William Blake Cruelty has a human heart And jealousy a human face, Terror the human form divine, And secrecy the human dress. The human dress is forged iron, The human form a fiery forge, The human face a furnace seal'd, The human heart its hungry gorge.Which literary device is used to compare the "human dress" with "forged iron" in the poem? theme symbolism simile metaphor
the answer is D hope it helps
The division of the nervous system that connects the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body is the __________ system.
Multiplying together the frequencies of independently occurring factors is called the:
Which is a point mutation?
If the dorsal root of a reflex arc controlling arm movement is severed, what part of the nerve pathway will block nerve impulse?
Explain how the diaphragm aids in breathing.
During breathing, the contraction and relaxation movements of the diaphragm aids in breathing.
What is breathing?Breathing is the process by which gaseous exchange occurs between the lungs and the environment.
The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscular structure which aids in breathing by its contraction and relaxation.
The contractions of the diaphragm force air into the lungs while the relaxation of the diaphragm forces carbon dioxide out of the lungs.
Therefore, the contractions and relaxation of the diaphragm aids in breathing.
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Organisms and their nonliving environment are connected.
True
False
When solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach, the condition is known as:?
Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach, the condition is known as, known as "gastroesophageal reflux" or "gastroesophageal reflux disease" (GERD).
It occurs when stomach contents, including both solids and fluids, flow back into the esophagus and sometimes even into the mouth due to a malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter (the muscular ring between the esophagus and stomach) or other factors. This can lead to symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, and a sour or bitter taste in the mouth.
It happens when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) doesn't close properly, allowing stomach contents to flow back into the esophagus and potentially even into the mouth.
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Suppose a segment of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is compared between two similar modern-day species. It is known that this segment of mtDNA changes at a steady rate of one base pair every 4 million years. Compare the sequences of the two mtDNA segments given below.
Species A: GCACTAAGCATCGATTT
Species B: GCACCAGGCACTGGTTC
Use this base principle of molecular clocks to calculate how long ago the two species diverged from a common ancestor.
A) 12 million years ago
B) 8 million years ago
C) 48 million years ago
D) 24 million years ago
Answer: 12 Million Years Ago
Explanation:
1. Base pair mutations × million years = years of evolution
2. Million total years of evolution ÷ # of species (or lineages) = million years of evolution from a common ancestor
1. 6 base pair mutations x 4 million years = 24 million years of evolution
2. 24 million total years of evolution ÷ 2 species = 12 million years of evolution from a common ancestor
24 million years long ago mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of species A having segment GCACTAAGCATCGATTT and that of species B having segment GCACCAGGCACTGGTTC diverged from a common ancestor.
What do you mean by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)?"Mitochondrial DNA is the circular chromosome found inside the cellular organelles called mitochondria."Functions of mitochondrial DNA include- regulation of cellular metabolism and apoptosis(cell death).The mutation in mtDNA is high.What do you mean by diverged?"The situation in which two things become different."The two samples of species are-
Species A - GCACTAAGCATCGATTT
Species B - GCACCAGGCACTGGTTC
There are 6 base pair changes in mitochondrial DNA of both species.
As we know that change in 1 base pair takes = 4 million years
So, the change in 6 base pair takes = 4 x 6 million years
= 24 million years.
Hence, option D. 24 million years ago is correct.
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Some of the most intelligent invertebrates belong which group?
What are the characteristics of life in lithops are succulent plants?
Chromosomes only exist inside gametes true or false
The male human has a sperm cell and the female has an egg cell. The cells from the male and female that combine to form a zygote are called gametes. The human sperm and egg cells each contain 23 chromosomes. . A combination of gametes forms a zygote with 46 chromosomes. The type of cell division that produces gametes with half the normal chromosome number is the meiosis. Meiosis is the type of cell division used in sexual reproduction. It will occur in the testes and ovaries.Chromosomes get shuffled when eggs and sperm are made. Though most adult cells contain two sets of chromosomes, sperm and egg cells are different. These special cells have just one chromosome from each pair. Which chromosome they get from each pair is random, making each sperm or egg cell unique. There is also a bit of mixing before the chromosomes are sorted into individual sperm or egg cells. Chromosomes from each pair in a mother or father, respectively, make contact and exchange pieces of DNA, creating hybrid chromosomes.
What behaviors are observed by the nurse in the client during the latent phase of the first stage of labor? ati?
During the latent phase of labor, the nurse may observe the client experiencing mild contractions, a low backache, emotions of excitement or anxiety, dilatation of the cervix, a bloody show, possible rupture of membranes, and a desire for support.
Explanation:The latent phase is the first phase of the first stage of labor. During this phase, a nurse may observe various behaviors in the client. These can include the client experiencing irregular, but mild contractions starting approximately every 15-20 minutes and progressing to about every 5 minutes. These contractions may be accompanied by a low backache. Emotionally, the client may be excited, anxious or nervous.
The cervix during the latent phase usually dilates from 0 to 3 cm. Some other signs and symptoms may include a bloody show as the cervix begins to change, possible rupture of membranes (water breaking), and the client beginning to seek support due to discomfort associated with contractions.
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Bolide is a large piece os space debris that crashes into a planet
Answer:
The above statement is true
Explanation:
Bolides are the pieces of space debris that are commonly considered as the fireballs. They are very bright and similar to the moon and can cause craters due to impact, but they are rarely found. These bolides usually shatter when they enter a planet's atmosphere. The composition of bolide is still unknown, whether it is an asteroid comprised of only rocks or is a metallic asteroid, but it has the capacity to form big craters due to an impact.
These are comparatively smaller asteroids. Every year about 5,000 bolides fall on earth but are not visible because during the day time it is not so visible due to the sunlight.
Why are leaves green?
a. chlorophyll molecules mainly absorb light in the ultraviolet and red-orange part of the electromagnetic spectrum. chlorophyll does not absorb much green light, which is reflected to our eyes.
b. chlorophyll molecules mainly absorb light in the blue-violet and red-orange part of the electromagnetic spectrum. chlorophyll does not absorb much green light, which is reflected to our eyes.
c. chlorophyll molecules mainly absorb light in the ultraviolet and infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum. chlorophyll does not absorb much green light, which is reflected to our eyes.
d. chlorophyll molecules mainly absorb light in the blue-violet and infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum. chlorophyll does not absorb much green light, which is reflected to our eyes.
e. chlorophyll molecules mainly absorb light in the green part of the electromagnetic spectrum?
Final answer:
Leaves are green because chlorophyll pigments absorb blue-violet and red-orange light but reflect green light. The reflected green light is what we see, which is why plants appear green. Chlorophyll's low absorption in the green spectrum paired with the absorption properties of accessory pigments like carotenoids enables the range of light plants use for photosynthesis. Option B is correct.
Explanation:
The color of leaves is a result of the presence of chlorophyll pigments which absorb light. Leaves appear green because chlorophyll molecules mainly absorb light in the blue-violet and red-orange part of the electromagnetic spectrum (wavelengths in the range of 430-660 nm for chlorophyll A and 450-640 nm for chlorophyll B). These molecules do not absorb much green light, which is reflected to our eyes. Consequently, this reflected green light is what gives plants their characteristic green color.
When it comes to the specifics of why leaves do not absorb green light, it comes down to the absorption spectrum of the chlorophyll molecules. The chlorophyll has high absorbance for blue and red wavelengths and low absorbance for green wavelengths. Plants also have other pigments like carotenoids which absorb in the blue-green to violet range and reflect yellow, red, and orange wavelengths. These accessory pigments help plants absorb a wider spectrum of light for photosynthesis.