___________ is defined as the process used to render a surface or product free from viable organisms, including bacterial spores.

3% is how much of Earth's water is usable as a freshwater resource.

A cell that has completed meiosis is called a haploid cell. This process begins with a diploid cell called a primary spermatocyte or oocyte that undergoes two rounds of cell division, producing four haploid cells known as spermatids in males and secondary oocytes in females.

A cell that has successfully completed meiosis, a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, is called a haploid cell. This process starts with a cell called a primary spermatocyte or oocyte, which is diploid, meaning it contains two sets of chromosomes. By the end of meiosis, this cell has undergone two rounds of cell division to produce four haploid cells, which each carry one set of chromosomes. These haploid cells are known as spermatids in males and secondary oocytes in females.

For example, an animal cell with a diploid number of four (2n = 4) proceeds through the stages of meiosis to form four haploid daughter cells. This is important in sexual reproduction, as the combination of haploid cells from two parents during fertilization results in offspring with a unique combination of genes.

If the cell continues through meiosis II after being fertilized, it forms all 46 chromosomes of a human being, half coming from the sperm. This indicates that humans are known as diploid organisms as our body cells (also known as somatic cells) contain two sets of chromosomes.

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Neuroplasticity refers to the brain's ability to modify its structure in response to experiences and environmental interactions. Neural pathways develop and adapt, influencing behavior and cognitive development. This lifelong adaptation involves aspects of epigenetics, which are changes in gene expression due to environmental factors.

The modifiability of the brain's structure in response to environmental experiences is referred to as neuroplasticity. Barraged by experiences and environments, the brain undergoes a process of forming new synapses, cutting off unused ones, and making changes at cellular levels. The interactions between different neural pathways, changes can result in modifications to behaviors, understanding of the world, and cognitive development. The phenomenon of changes in gene expression due to environmental factors, or epigenetics, is another important point to highlight. These changes aren't just limited to early development, but continue throughout life as part of the brain's response to the environment.

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The correct answer is (d) 1.3

Specific gravity can be defined as the ratio of the substance density which has to be compared to the density of a standard usually it is water. If the specific density of water is 1 and the specific density of sulfuric acid is 1.835 which means that sulfuric acid is 1.835 times heavier than water. The electrolyte of a storage battery is a mixture of sulfuric acid and water.The specific gravity of sulfuric storage battery changes with amount of electrical charge.

Hence, by mixing both water and sulfuric acid the specific gravity of automotive battery is kept 1.3 at 80°F.

question 19 = all the molecules are different lengths ( last answer)

question 20 = crossing over

Fats provides the most energy than the carbohydrate and protein.

Fat provides 9 calories per gram.

Carbohydrate and protein both provides 4 calories per gram of it.

Hence, fats provides the most energy of all the macronutrients.

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Producing pheromones is not a predator avoidance mechanism associated with schooling among fish. Schooling fish use tactile and visual signals to coordinate movements and rapidly respond to potential threats.

The predator avoidance mechanism among schooling fish that is NOT associated with schooling is producing pheromones. Schooling is a behavior where fish swim in coordinated patterns providing several advantages for predator avoidance, such as increasing group awareness, confusing the lateral line organ of predators, and creating visual confusion. Schooling fish mainly exchange information through tactile signals and visual signals to maintain their coordinated movement and to respond rapidly to predator threats. Pheromone signals are typically used to communicate information about things like reproductive status or territory, but not typically for the rapid response required for predator evasion in schooling fish.

In an example where animals of the same species exchange information in response to an approaching predator, one animal might detect the predator and send an alarm signal. This could be in the form of a sudden movement, body posture change, or an alarm call that others perceive. This triggers a cascade of responses within the group, where each individual reacts to the information, allowing for rapid collective evasion.

Final answer:

Producing pheromones is not a mechanism of predator avoidance used by schooling fish. Schooling fish use mechanisms like increasing group awareness, confusing predators' lateral line organs, and creating visual confusion to avoid predators. Pheromones are typically used for communication within species rather than for evading predators. Option D.

Explanation:

The correct answer is: Producing pheromones is NOT a predator avoidance mechanism of schooling.

Schooling fish use various mechanisms for predator avoidance, including:

Increasing group awareness: In a school, each fish benefits from the many eyes of the group, which helps in early predator detection.

Confusing the lateral line organ: This organ in predators detects changes in water movement. A mass of schooling fish can create complex water movements that confuse the predator's lateral line system.

Creating visual confusion: The mass movement of schooling fish can create a visual effect that makes it difficult for predators to single out an individual fish.

Pheromones, however, are chemical signals often used for communication between members of the same species, such as sounding an alarm or marking territory, but they are not typically a mechanism used by schooling fish to avoid predators.

In a scenario where animals exchange information in response to an approaching predator, a fish may release alarm substances that trigger a flight response in others. This is an example of pheromone signals inducing a direct biological change in behavior.

Answer:

Its not Hydrosphere

Explanation:

I took the test and got it wrong :(

Answer:

The correct answer would be A.) Environments are always changing.

Natural selection is one of the natural phenomenons which causes the evolution of the organisms.

By this phenomenon, the organisms which are better suited to the changing environment tend to survive and reproduce at a better rate as compared to the organisms which are less adaptive to the environment.

Natural selection mainly depends on the environment (such as temperature, pressure, color et cetera) and thus, it continues to work as the environment keeps on changing.

For example, the temperature and levels of oceans are increasing due to global warming, so, the marine organisms which are better adapted to the changing temperature, pressure, and salinity would survive and reproduce more.

Final answer:

In a eukaryotic cell, the nucleus, ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus work together in sequence to synthesize, fold, modify, and transport proteins to their required locations.

Explanation:

The eukaryotic cell utilizes various organelles to produce, organize, and deliver proteins. Four main organelles are involved in this process:

Nucleus - Contains genetic material (DNA) and operates as the control center for the cell, dictating which proteins need to be synthesized by transcribing DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA).

Ribosomes - Where protein synthesis begins as they translate the mRNA into a polypeptide chain, which will become a functional protein.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) - As mRNA is translated by ribosomes on the RER's surface, the emerging protein is folded and undergoes initial modifications.

Golgi Apparatus - Receives proteins from the RER, processes them further through modifications, and then sorts and packages them into vesicles for transport to their final destinations.

These organelles coordinate in a specific sequence to ensure proteins are efficiently made and distributed where they are needed.

There are several risk factors associated with the development of ovarian cancer including genetic predisposition, reproductive history, age, endometriosis, and hormone therapy. Understanding and mitigating these risks can help reduce the likelihood of developing ovarian cancer.

Identifying risk factors for ovarian cancer is central to understanding how to reduce the chances of developing this disease. Here are five significant risk factors:

Centrioles help create spindle fibers for cell division. So, the answer must be Centrioles.

Final answer:

The changes in the density of the white matter in the corpus callosum during late childhood may underlie advances in cognitive skills.

Explanation:

The changes in the density of the white matter in the corpus callosum during late childhood may underlie advances in cognitive skills. The corpus callosum is a structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain and is responsible for communication between them. As the density of white matter increases in the corpus callosum, there is improved connectivity between brain regions, allowing for more efficient neural communication and information processing.

The right answer is has commercial uses

Five major groups of economically important ferries were found:

*Microbial cell or biomass as a product,

*Microbial Enzymes:

*Microbial metabolites:

*Combined products:

*Vital Transitions:

One of the requirements of the fermentation process is to provide a growth medium, since any microbe requires water supply, oxygen, an energy source, a source of carbon, a source of nitrogen, and micronutrients for growth.

Most of the chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occurs in the small intestine, thanks to enzymes that break down food and villi that maximize nutrient absorption.

Most chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients takes place in the small intestine. The small intestine is where a majority of the digestion takes place because it has enzymes, such as lipases, proteases, and carbohydrates, that break down food into smaller molecules our bodies can use. In addition to this, the small intestine has a massive surface area due to the presence of villi and microvilli which maximize the absorption of nutrients.

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Answer:

Plasma tail

Explanation:

A comet is a body in space which revolves around Sun in elliptical orbit. It is composed of rocks, dust, ice and frozen gases. A comet has mainly three parts:

Nucleus- It is the core of the comet which is solid.

As the comet nears the sun, the frozen gases start sublimating. An atmosphere surrounds the nucleus which is known as coma.

As the comet approaches the sun closely, the coma extends backwards due to solar wind. The solar wind pushes the ionized gases of the comet away from the nucleus. This is known as tail. There are two tails - dust tail and  plasma tail. Plasma tail is composed of ionized gases -heavier than the dust tail and thus lies below it.

Infants need fat because it aids in absorption of several vitamins and also helps the growth and brain to develop.

Infants need fat as it aid in the absorption of the several vitamins. It also helps the brain or the nervous system just to develop them normally. Fats has insulate all the nervous system tissues in the body. Getting enough of this help infants feel full. It is also essential for growth and development.

Liver secretes bile which has been stored in the gall bladder. Bile enters the duodenum just via the bile duct. Bile emulsifies lipids and transforming the large lumps of the lipids into tiny droplets, which has been provide the larger surface area for the digestion. This has been allow the lipid digestion to the proceed more rapidly.

Bile has been contains bile acids, which are the critical for the digestion and the absorption of the fats and fat-soluble vitamins in the small intestine. Many waste products has been including bilirubin, are the eliminated from the body by the secretion just into the bile and elimination in feces.

Therefore, Infants need fat because it aids in absorption of several vitamins and also helps the growth and brain to develop.

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Their gametes do not require water for fertilization to occur. hope this helps

Final answer:

Heat stroke can be recognized by a coach through signs such as extreme confusion, seizures, and dry skin, which are indicative of the body's inability to regulate its temperature. Dehydration plays a critical role in heat stroke, and the condition can lead to long-term health effects. Immediate medical attention is required for someone experiencing heat stroke.

Explanation:

A coach can first recognize heat stroke by signs of central nervous system dysfunction such as extreme confusion, agitation, seizures, and possibly coma or death. Additionally, physical signs such as dry skin due to the absence of sweating, dizziness, trouble breathing, and rapid pulse can be present. These symptoms are serious and indicate that the body's temperature regulation systems have failed. Heat stroke is a life-threatening state where the body's core temperature exceeds 104°F (40°C) and can no longer effectively cool itself down.

Dehydration is a primary factor in heat stroke as it reduces the body's ability to sweat and cool down. When someone is exercising, especially in high temperatures and humidity, they are at risk of heat-related illnesses if they do not adequately hydrate. Continuous exercise could lead to progression from heat exhaustion to heat stroke, requiring immediate medical attention.

It is important to note that heat stroke can result in long-term health effects and has been associated with epigenetic changes, indicating a reduced tolerance for heat in those who have previously suffered from a heat-related illness.

Asp because of ASPARTIC ACID.