Answer:
see explanation below
Explanation:
In this case, we need to write the overall reaction:
HC₃H₅O₃ + H₂O <-------> C₃H₅O₃⁻ + H₃O⁺
The lactic acid is a weak acid, so, when it dissociates in it's ions, part of the acid is dissociated. This depends of it's Ka to know which quantity was dissociated.
To calculate Ka, let's write an ICE chart first:
HC₃H₅O₃ + H₂O <-------> C₃H₅O₃⁻ + H₃O⁺ Ka = ?
i) 0.045 0 0
c) -y +y +y
e) 0.045 - y y y
Writting the Ka expression we have:
Ka = [C₃H₅O₃⁻] [H₃O⁺] / [HC₃H₅O₃]
Now, to calculate Ka we need the values of [C₃H₅O₃⁻] and [H₃O⁺] in equilibrium. Fortunately, we have the value of the pH, which is 2.63 and with this we can get the value of [H₃O⁺] and then, the value of y. With that value, we replace it in the Ka expression to calculate Ka:
[H₃O⁺] = 10^(-pH)
[H₃O⁺] = 10^(-2.63)
[H₃O⁺] = [C₃H₅O₃⁻] = x = 2.34x10⁻³ M
Now, let's replace this value in the Ka expression:
Ka = (2.34x10⁻³)² / (0.045 - 2.34x10⁻³)
Ka = 1.28x10⁻⁴
b) Now, let's calculate the pH with the obtained value of Ka. We will use the same expression of Ka so:
1.28x10⁻⁴ = y² / (0.045-y)
1.28x10⁻⁴ (0.045 - y) = y²
5.76x10⁻⁶ - 1.28*10⁻⁴y = y²
y² + 1.28x10⁻⁴y - 5.76x10⁻⁶ = 0
From here, we'll use the quadratic equation general formula, for solving y:
y = -1.28x10⁻⁴ ±√(1.28x10⁻⁴)² + 4 * 1 * 5.76x10⁻⁶ / 2
y = -1.28x10⁻⁴ ±√2.31x10⁻⁵ / 2
y = -1.28x10⁻⁴ ± 4.8x10⁻³ / 2
y₁ = 2.34x10⁻³ M
y₂ = -2.464x10⁻³ M
Now, as y₁ is positive this is the value that we will take.
This value would be the [H₃O⁺] in equilibrium.
The value of pH would be:
pH = -log[H₃O⁺]
pH = -log(2.34x10⁻³)
pH = 2.631
According to this value of pH we can actually expect an inprovement in the accuracy, basically because we obtain a value with more significant figures, and this are relationed with accuracy.
At a given temperature, Kc=1.3x10-2 for reaction 1. What is the value of Kc for reaction 2? Reaction 1: begin mathsize 12px style N subscript 2 open parentheses g close parentheses plus 3 H subscript 2 open parentheses g close parentheses rightwards harpoon over leftwards harpoon 2 N H subscript 3 open parentheses g close parentheses end style Reaction 2: begin mathsize 12px style 4 N H subscript 3 open parentheses g close parentheses rightwards harpoon over leftwards harpoon space 2 N subscript 2 open parentheses g close parentheses plus 6 H subscript 2 open parentheses g close parentheses end style
Answer:
See explaination
Explanation:
For a reversible reaction, the equilibrium constant for a backward reaction is reciprocal.
If the coefficients in a balanced equation are multiplied by a factor, n, the equilibrium expression is raised to the nth power.
K' = (K)^n
In the second reaction the value kf n is 2. The first reaction is multiplied by 2.
See attachment for further solution
Answer: -9 8 48 -6
Explanation: trust me
Complete the reaction, which is part of the electron transport chain. The abbreviation FMN represents flavin mononucleotide. Use the appropriate abbreviation for the product. NADH + H + + FMN ⟶ NAD +FMNH_{2} NAD + FMNH 2 The reactant that is reduced is FMN . In complex III, electrons are transferred from coenzyme Q to cytochrome c, which contains iron. QH 2 + 2 cyt c ( Fe 3 + ) ⟶ Q + 2 cyt c ( Fe x ) + 2 H + Determine the oxidation number for iron on the right side of the reaction arrow.
Answer:
Oxidation number of Fe(iron) on right side of reaction arrow = (+2)
Explanation:
NADH+H+ + FMN FMNH2 + NAD+
FMNH2 - Reduced FMN (1,5-Dihydroriboflavin 5'-(dihydrogen phosphate)
The reactant that is reduced is Flavin mononucleotide(FMN)
QH2 + 2cyt c(fe³+) -----------------------> Q + 2Cytc ( fe²+) + 2H+
Oxidation number of Fe(iron) on right side of reaction arrow = (+2)
The equation of the transfer of two electrons from NADH to FMN is given below:
NADH + H⁺ + FMN ⟶ NAD⁺ + FMNH₂
The oxidation number of iron on the right side of the reaction arrow is +2 (Fe²⁺)
In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed from electron carriers such as NADH through various carriers and eventually to oxygen. Water and energy in the form of ATP is produced.
The electron carriers are organized into complexes; Complex I, II, III, and IV
In complex I, also known as NADH Dehydrogenase, electrons are passed from NADH to ubiquinone through an FMN-containing flavoprotein and several iron-sulfur centers.
The equation below shows how two electrons are passed from NADH to FMN:
NADH + H⁺ + FMN ⟶ NAD⁺ + FMNH₂
In complex III, electrons are transferred from coenzyme Q to cytochrome c, a single electron-carrier which contains iron. The equation for the electron transfer is given below:
QH₂ + 2 cyt c ( Fe³⁺) ⟶ Q + 2 cyt c ( Fe²⁺ ) + 2H⁺
In the reaction above, the two electron-carrier ubiquinone transfers its two electrons to two molecules of the one electron-carrier cytochrome c containing iron in the oxidized iron (iii) state, Fe³⁺. The electrons accepted reduces the Fe³⁺ in cytochrome c to Fe²⁺.
Therefore, the oxidation number of iron on the right side of the reaction arrow (reduced cytochrome c) is +2.
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Calculate the number of moles of O2 gas held in a sealed 2.00 L tank at 3.50 atm and 25 ℃.
Answer:
[tex]n=0.286mol[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, we consider oxygen as an ideal gas, for that reason, we use yhe ideal gas equation to compute the moles based on:
[tex]PV=nRT\\\\n=\frac{PV}{RT}[/tex]
Hence, at 3.50 atm and 25 °C for a volume of 2.00 L we compute the moles considering absolute temperature in Kelvins:
[tex]n=\frac{3.50atm*2.00L}{0.082\frac{atm*L}{mol*K}(25+273)K} \\\\n=0.286mol[/tex]
Best regards.
Manganese-58 has a half-life of about 3 seconds. If you have a 90.0 gram sample, how
long would you expect it to take to decay to approximately 1.40 grams?
Answer:
18.018 seconds.
Explanation:
Given that the half life of Manganese, Mn = 3 seconds. The initial sample mass = 90.0 gram, the final sample mass = 1.40 gram.
The general idea to the question is to look for the time it will take to decay from the initial mass that is 90 gram to 1.40 gram.
Therefore, we will be making use of the formula below;
J(t) = J(o) × (1/2)^t/t(hL).
Where t(hL) is the half life, t is the time taken, J(t)= mass after time,t and J(o) is the initial mass. So, let us slot in the values into the equation above.
1.4 = 90 × (1/2)^ t/3.
1.4/90 = (1/2)^t/3.
t/3 = log(0.5) (1.4/90).
+Please note that the 0.5 of the log is at the subscript).
That is the base 0.5 logarithm of (1.4/90) 0.01556 is 6.0060141295.
t = 3 × 6.0060141295.
t = 18.018 seconds.
To find the time it takes for a 90 gram sample of Manganese-58 to decay to 1.4 grams, you need to calculate the number of half-lives by continuously halving 90 until you reach 1.4. Afterwards, multiplying the number of half-lives by the half-life duration (3 seconds) gives the total decay time.
Explanation:This question refers to radioactive decay and the concept of a half-life. The half-life of a substance is the time it takes for half the substance to decay. In the case of Manganese-58, its half-life is approximately 3 seconds.
Looking to find the time it takes for a 90 gram sample to decay to approximately 1.4 grams, this would involve multiple half-lives. You would need to calculate how many half-lives it takes for 90.0 g to become 1.40g. With each half-life, the amount of the original substance decreases by 50%. The answer you will get by dividing 90 by 2 repeatedly until you reach 1.4 shows you the number of half-lives that have passed. Multiply the number of half-lives by the duration of a single half-life (in this case, 3 seconds) to get the total decay time.
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Determine the pH of a 0.188 M NH 3 solution at 25°C. The K b of NH 3 is 1.76 × 10 -5.
Answer:
pH is 8.52
Explanation:
According to the working in the photo
If the age of the middle layer of a rock sample is between 600 million years and 1 billion years, which of the following could be the age of the topmost layer?
200 million year to 550 million years old
A 2.5-liter sample of gas is at STP. When the temperature is raised to 546 K and the pressure remains constant, what will be the new volume of the gas?
Answer:
5L
Explanation:
Please see the step-by-step solution in the picture attached below.
Hope this answer can help you. Have a nice day!
A 2.5 liter sample of gas is STP. When the temperature is raised to 546 K and the pressure remains constant the new volume of the gas will be 5 L.
What is Ideal Gas Law ?The ideal gas law states that the pressure of gas is directly proportional to the volume and temperature of the gas.
PV = nRT
where,
P = Pressure
V = Volume
n = number of moles
R = Ideal gas constant
T = Temperature
What is STP ?STP is Standard Temperature and Pressure. At STP the temperature is 273 K or 0°C and the standard pressure is 1 atm.
Now, according to question the pressure is constant, then
At constant pressure
V ∝ T
[tex]\frac{V_1}{V_2} = \frac{T_1}{T_2}[/tex]
[tex]\frac{2.5\ L}{V_2} = \frac{273\ K}{546\ K}[/tex]
[tex]V_{2} = \frac{546 \times 2.5\ L}{273}[/tex]
V₂ = 5 L
Thus, from the above conclusion we can say that A 2.5 liter sample of gas is STP. When the temperature is raised to 546 K and the pressure remains constant the new volume of the gas will be 5 L.
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A metabolic pathway that ___ (oxidizes or reduces) an energy-rich source to produce ATP from ADP. Electrons are transferred from electron ___ (donors or acceptors) to compounds with a ___ (stronger or weaker) reduction potential. As electrons move through the electron transport chain, ETC, the energy in the electron is used to pump ___ across a membrane. The pumping of these molecules against their concentration gradient is a form of ___ transport. The movement of these molecules back into the cell (down their concentration gradient) releases energy which the cell couples to the formation of ___.
Photosynthesis
Energy in ___ is absorbed by an electron in a photocenter. This energy is converted from light energy into chemical energy into kenetic energy as the energized electron is used in back to back REDOX reaction in the electron transport chain, ETC. The ETC creates ___ which is used by the cell to power the formation of ATP. In ___ (cyclic or noncylcic) the electron returns to the photocenter. In ___ (cyclic or non-cyclic) photosynthesis the electron reduces NADP+ to form ___.
Answer:
see explaination
Explanation:
1. A metabolic pathway that OXIDIZES an energy-rich source to produce ATP from ADP.
Oxidation reactions are exergonic and can be coupled to produce ATP from ADP + Pi
2. Electrons are transferred from electron DONORS to compounds with a STRONGER reduction potential.
Electrons are moved from compounds with low reduction potential to compounds with high reduction potential.
3. As electrons move through the electron transport chain, ETC, the energy in the electron is used to pump PROTONS across a membrane.
In respiration, protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the perimitochondrial space.
4. The pumping of these molecules against their concentration gradient is a form of FACILITATED transport.
Since protons are charged particles, they require a carrier protein for their transport. The movement of these molecules back into the cell (down their concentration gradient) releases energy which the cell couples to the formation of ATP.
6. The energy in PHOTON/LIGHT is absorbed by an electron in a photocenter. This energy is converted from light energy into chemical energy into kinetic energy as the energized electron is used in back to back REDOX reaction in the electron transport chain, ETC.
7. The ETC creates A PROTON GRADIENT which is used by the cell to power the formation of ATP.
8. In CYCLIC ELECTRON TRANSPORT, the electron returns to the photocenter.
9. In NON-CYCLIC photosynthesis the electron reduces NADP+ to form NADPH.
Answer:
Check the explanation
Explanation:
1. A metabolic pathway that OXIDIZES an energy-rich source to produce ATP from ADP.
Oxidation reactions are exergonic and can be coupled to produce ATP from ADP + Pi
2. Electrons are transferred from electron DONORS to compounds with a STRONGER reduction potential.
Electrons are moved from compounds with low reduction potential to compounds with high reduction potential.
3. As electrons move through the electron transport chain, ETC, the energy in the electron is used to pump PROTONS across a membrane.
In respiration, protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the perimitochondrial space.
4. The pumping of these molecules against their concentration gradient is a form of ACTIVE transport.
6. The energy in PHOTON/LIGHT is absorbed by an electron in a photocenter. This energy is converted from light energy into chemical energy into kinetic energy as the energized electron is used in back to back REDOX reaction in the electron transport chain, ETC.
7. The ETC creates A PROTON GRADIENT which is used by the cell to power the formation of ATP.
8. In CYCLIC ELECTRON TRANSPORT, the electron returns to the photocenter.
9. In NON-CYCLIC photosynthesis the electron reduces NADP+ to form NADPH.
Suppose 0.950 L of 0.410 MH,SO, is mixed with 0.900 L of 0.240 M KOH. What concentration of sulfuric acid remains
after neutralization?
Answer:
The remaining concentration of H2SO4 is 0.152 M
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Volume of H2SO4 = 0.950 L
Molarity H2SO4 = 0.410 M
Volume of KOH = 0.900 L
Molarity of KOH = 0.240 M
Step 2: The balanced equation
H2SO4 + 2KOH → K2SO4 + 2H2O
Step 3: Calculate moles
Moles = molarity * volume
Moles H2SO4 = 0.410 M * 0.950 L
Moles H2SO4 = 0.3895 moles
Moles KOH = 0.240 M * 0.900L
Moles KOH = 0.216 moles
Step 4: Calculate the limiting reactant
For 1 mol H2SO4 we need 2 moles KOH to produce 1 mol K2SO4 and 2 moles H2O
The limiting reactant is KOH. It will completely be consumed (0.216 moles).
H2SO4 is in excess. There will react 0.216/2 = 0.108 moles. There will remain 0.3895 moles - 0.108 moles = 0.2815 moles
Step 5: Calculate the concentration of H2SO4 remaining
[H2SO4] = moles / volume
[H2SO4] = 0.2815 moles / 1.85 L
[H2SO4]= 0.152 M
The remaining concentration of H2SO4 is 0.152 M
How many moles of Na are needed to produce 4 moles of NaCl in the
reaction below?
2 Na + Cl2 --> 2 Naci
Select one:
Answer: 4 moles of Na are needed to produce 4 moles of NaCl
Explanation:
The balanced chemical equation is :
[tex]2Na+Cl_2\rightarrow 2NaCl[/tex]
According to stoichiometry :
2 moles of [tex]NaCl[/tex] are formed from = 2 moles of [tex]Na[/tex]
Thus 4 moles of [tex]NaCl[/tex] will be formed from = [tex]\frac{2}{2}\times 4=4moles[/tex] of [tex]Na[/tex]
Thus 4 moles of Na are needed to produce 4 moles of NaCl
How many moles of gold atoms do 4.05×1024 gold atoms constitute?
Answer: There are 6.725 mols
Explanation:
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Student Exploration: Collision Theory Vocabulary: activated complex, catalyst, chemical reaction, concentration, enzyme, half-life, molecule, product, reactant, surface area Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) 1. Suppose you added a spoonful of sugar to hot water and another to ice-cold water. Which type of water will cause the sugar to dissolve more quickly? _________________________ 2. Suppose you held a lighted match to a solid hunk of wood and another match to a pile of wood shavings. Which form of wood will catch fire more easily? ______________________
Answer:
1. Hot water
2. A pile of wood shavings
Explanation:
Sugar can dissolve more quickly in hot water than in cold water because there is more energy in hot water molecules. Because they are moving faster, they have more energy to break the bonds that hold sugar together. There is also more energy available to break the hydrogen bonds that hold water together.
Wood shavings have a greater contact surface than the solid hunk of wood, which is why they have a higher calorific value and then they will catch fire more easily.
Sulfur dioxide and oxygen react to form sulfur trioxide during one of the key steps in sulfuric acid synthesis. An industrial chemist studying this reaction fills a 500. mL flask with 3.7 atm of sulfur dioxide gas and 2.3 atm of oxygen gas, and when the mixture has come to equilibrium measures the partial pressure of sulfur trioxide gas to be 2.2 atm. Calculate the pressure equilibrium constant for the reaction of sulfur dioxide and oxygen at the final temperature of the mixture. Round your answer to 2 significant digits.
Answer:
The pressure equilibrium constant is [tex]K_p = 323[/tex]
Explanation:
From the question we are told that
The volume of the flask is [tex]V = 50 mL = 50 *10^{-3} L[/tex]
The pressure of sulfur dioxide is [tex]P_s = 3.7 \ atm[/tex]
The pressure of oxygen gas [tex]P_o = 2.3 \ atm[/tex]
The pressure of sulfur trioxide at equilibrium is [tex]P_t = 2.2 \ atm[/tex]
The chemical equation for this reaction is
[tex]2 SO_2_{(g)} + O_2_{(g)}[/tex] ⇄ [tex]2SO_3_{(g)}[/tex]
The partial pressure of oxygen at equilibrium is mathematically evaluated as
[tex]P_p__{O}} = P_o - P_t[/tex]
Substituting values
[tex]P_p__{O}} = 2.3 -2.2[/tex]
[tex]P_p__{O}} = 0.1 \ atm[/tex]
The partial pressure of sulfur dioxide at equilibrium is mathematically evaluated as
[tex]P_p__{s}} = P_s - P_t[/tex]
Substituting values
[tex]P_p__{S}} = 3.7 -2.2[/tex]
[tex]P_p__{O}} = 1.5 \ atm[/tex]
From the chemical equation pressure constant is mathematically represented as
[tex]K_p = \frac{[P_t]^2}{[P_p__{o}} ]^2 [P_p__{s}}]}[/tex]
Substituting values
[tex]K_p = \frac{[2.2]^2}{[ 0.1 ]^2 [{ 1.5}]}[/tex]
[tex]K_p = 323[/tex]
Using the appropriate Ksp values, find the concentration of K+ ions in the solution at equilibrium after 600 mL of 0.45 M aqueous Cu(NO3)2 solution has been mixed with 450 mL of 0.25 M aqueous KOH solution. (Enter in M.) (Ksp for Cu(OH)2 is 2.6x10-19).
Now find the concentration of OH? ions in this solution at equilibrium.
Answer:
[K⁺] = 0.107 M
[OH⁻] = 1.13 × 10⁻⁹ M
Explanation:
600 mL of 0.45 M Cu(NO3)2 gives equal mole of Cu²⁺ and (NO₃)²⁻
⇒ 0.45 × 600 × 10⁻³
= 0.27 moles of Cu²⁺ and (NO₃)²⁻
450 mL of 0.25 M KOH gives equal moles of K⁺ and OH⁻
⇒ 0.25 × 450 × 10⁻³
= 0.1125 moles of K⁺ and OH⁻
Now after mixing 0.1125 moles of OH⁻ precipitates 0.05625 moles of Cu²⁺ (because 1 Cu²⁺ needs 2 OH⁻)
Therefore , moles of remaining Cu²⁺ = 0.27 - 0.05625
=0.21375 moles which is equal to :
⇒ 0.21375/(( 600+450))× 10⁻³
= 0.21375/1050 × 10⁻³
= 0.20357 M
Given that :
(Ksp for Cu(OH)2 is 2.6 × 10⁻¹⁹)
We know that , Ksp = [Cu²⁺][OH⁻]²
2.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ = 0.20357 × [OH⁻]²
[OH⁻]² = 2.6 × 10⁻¹⁹/0.20357
[OH⁻] = 1.13 × 10⁻⁹ M
[K⁺] = moles of K⁺ /total volume
[K⁺] = 0.1125 / 1050 × 10⁻³
[K⁺] = 0.107 M
Ice melts into water. The correct equation to calculate the heat of this reaction is
Answer:
The correct equation to calculate the heat of this reaction is:
ΔH = m*s*∆T
Explanation:
During any chemical reaction, heat can either be absorbed from the environment or released to the environment through the reaction. The heat exchange between a chemical reaction and its environment is known as the reaction enthalpy, or H. However, H cannot be measured directly; the change in temperature of a reaction over time is used to find the enthalpy change over time (denoted as ΔH).
In general ΔH = m*s*∆T, where m is the mass of the reactants, s is the specific heat of the product, and ΔT is the change in the reaction temperature.
g Solid sulfur hexafluoride evaporates when heated at atmospheric pressure rather than liquefying. What is the correct name of the type of phase transition that is represented by this process? a) This process is an example of vaporization. b) This process is an example of deposition. c) This process is an example of sublimation. d) This process is an example of freezing. e) This process is an example of condensation.
Answer: c) This process is an example of sublimation.
Explanation:
When liquid is further heated, the molecules gain more kinetic energy and molecules move farther and convert to gaseous state and the process is called vaporization.
Sublimation is a process of converting a substance from solid state to gaseous state without the formation of liquid at constant temperature.
Deposition is a process of converting a substance from gaseous state to solid state without the formation of liquid at constant temperature.
In liquid the particles are loosely packed as the inter molecular forces of attraction are not that strong. As they are cooled, the kinetic energy of the molecules decreases and thus the molecules start getting closer and convert to solid state. The process is called freezing.
Which of the following elements is a transition metal?
Answer:
Scandium
Titanium
Vanadium
Chromium
Manganese
Iron
Cobalt
Nickel
Copper
Zinc
Yttrium
Zirconium
Niobium
Molybdenum
Technetium
Ruthenium
Rhodium
Palladium
Silver
Cadmium
Lanthanum
Hafnium
Tantalum
Tungsten
Rhenium
Osmium
Iridium
Platinum
Gold
Mercury
Actinium
Rutherfordium
Dubnium
Seaborgium
Bohrium
Hassium
Meitnerium
Darmstadtium
Roentgenium
Copernicium
Explanation:
all of those are transition metals lol
Transition metals, located in groups 3-11 of the periodic table, are elements with partially filled d orbitals and variable reactivity. Metals like scandium and iron are very active, while platinum is relatively inert. There are also inner transition metals, which occupy an f orbital and include the lanthanide and actinide series.
Explanation:Transition metals are elements with partially filled d orbitals, located in the d-block of the periodic table. They are characterized by their various reactivity, with metals such as scandium and iron being very active, and metals like platinum being relatively inert. Transition metals are located in groups 3-11 of the periodic table, and include elements like copper, gold, and oxidized iron, among others.
There are also inner transition metals, which are metallic elements where the last electron added occupies an f orbital. They have two series: the lanthanide series, from lanthanum (La) to lutetium (Lu), and the actinide series, from actinium (Ac) to lawrencium (Lr).
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The substance fluorine has the following properties: normal melting point: 53.5 K normal boiling point: 85.0 K triple point: 1.6×10-4 atm, 53.4 K critical point: 55 atm, 144.1 K A sample of fluorine at a pressure of 1.00 atm and a temperature of 90.3 K is cooled at constant pressure to a temperature of 49.3 K. Which of the following are true? Choose all that apply The sample is initially a gas. The liquid initially present will vaporize. The final state of the substance is a solid. One or more phase changes will occur. The final state of the substance is a liquid. Submit Answer
Answer:
The true statements include;
- The sample is initially a gas.
- The final state of the substance is a solid.
- One or more phase changes will occur.
The untrue/false statements include;
- The liquid initially present will vaporize.
- The final state of the substance is a liquid.
Explanation:
A couple pieces of informatton on Fluorine is imitially provided.
The substance fluorine has the following properties: normal melting point: 53.5 K normal boiling point: 85.0 K triple point: 1.6×10-4 atm, 53.4 K critical point: 55 atm, 144.1 K
So, a question is now attached about a sample of Fluorine. A sample of fluorine at a pressure of 1.00 atm and a temperature of 90.3 K is cooled at constant pressure to a temperature of 49.3 K.
We are then told to examine a group of options to find the ones that are correct/apply.
Taking the options one at a time
- The sample is initially a gas.
The initial state of the Fluorine sample has its temperature at 90.3 K, which is above the gas' boiling point. Hence, the sample can be concluded to initially be a gas.
- The liquid initially present will vaporize.
The sample doesn't initially contain liquid. And even of it did, the temperature is cooled, not heated , Hence, this statement is wrong.
- The final state of the substance is a solid.
The sample of Fluorine moves from a temperature higher than boiling point (85.0 K), with the sample in gaseous form, to one that is at a lower temperature (49.3 K) than the gas' normal melting point (53.5 K).
At temperatures lower than melting point, a substance exists in the solid form. Hence, this statement is true. The final state of the substance is solid.
- One or more phase changes will occur.
In moving from 90.3 K to 49.3 K for the sample and passing through the substance's boiling and melting points (85.0 K and 53.5 K respectively) along the way, it is logical to conclude that there would be one or more phase changes will occur. This statement is true.
- The final state of the substance is a liquid.
This is false as we already established that the final state of the substance is a solid. Hence, this statement is false.
Hope this Helps!!!
Final answer:
At 1.00 atm, fluorine starts as a gas at 90.3 K, then condenses to a liquid as it cools, and finally becomes a solid at 49.3 K, indicating that both condensation and freezing phase changes occur.
Explanation:
The substance fluorine has different states at various temperatures and pressures. To determine the state changes of fluorine when cooling from a temperature of 90.3 K to 49.3 K at constant pressure of 1.00 atm, we refer to the given melting and boiling points of fluorine. According to the information:
Normal melting point: 53.5 K
Normal boiling point: 85.0 K
At the starting temperature of 90.3 K and 1.00 atm, fluorine is above the boiling point, so the sample is initially a gas. As the temperature cools to below the boiling point but still above the melting point, any liquid that may be present will not vaporize; instead, the gas will condense to form a liquid. Since the final temperature of 49.3 K is below the melting point of 53.5 K, the final state of the substance is a solid. Throughout this process, one or more phase changes will occur; specifically, the gas will condense to a liquid and then freeze into a solid. Therefore, the final state of the substance will not remain a liquid; this statement is false.
Acid indigestion is sometimes neutralized with an antacid such as magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2). What products will be released when the antacid is mixed with the hydrochloric acid in the stomach
Answer:
Magnesium chloride and water
Explanation:
Mg(OH)₂ + 2HCl ⟶ MgCl₂ + 2H₂O
magnesium chloride water
On average, each person in the industrialized world is responsible for the emission of 10,000 kg of carbon dioxide (CO2) every year. This includes CO2 that you generate directly, by burning fossil fuels to operate your car or furnace, as well as CO2 generated on your behalf by electric generating stations and manufacturing plants. CO2 is a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming.
If you were to store your yearly CO2 emissions in a cube at STP, how long would each edge of the cube be?
Final answer:
To calculate the length of each edge of the cube that would store your yearly CO2 emissions, convert the emissions from kg to metric tons and use the density of carbon dioxide at STP to find the volume. The length of each edge would be approximately 17.9 meters.
Explanation:
To calculate the length of each edge of the cube that would store your yearly CO2 emissions, we first need to convert the emissions from kg to metric tons. Since the average CO2 emissions per person per year is 10,000 kg, this is equal to 10 metric tons (1 metric ton = 1000 kg).
Next, we need to find the volume of the cube. The formula for the volume of a cube is V = s^3, where s represents the length of each edge.
Let's use the given data to solve for s:
CO2 emissions per person per year: 10 metric tons
Density of CO2 at STP: 1.98 kg/m³ (source: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/carbon_dioxide)
Using the density, we can convert the metric tons of CO2 to the corresponding volume in cubic meters:
10 metric tons * 1000 kg/metric ton = 10,000 kg
10,000 kg / 1.98 kg/m³ ≈ 5,051.51 m³
Now, let's solve for s:
s^3 = 5,051.51 m³
s ≈ 17.9 meters (rounded to one decimal place)
Therefore, each edge of the cube that would store your yearly CO2 emissions at STP would be approximately 17.9 meters long.
Which best describes thermal energy?
It is the difference between internal energies of two or more substances
It is the sum of internal energies of two or more substances
O It is the portion of internal energy that can be transferred from one substance to another.
It is the portion of potential energy that can be transferred from one substance to another
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Answer:
It is the sum of internal energies of two or more substances
Explanation:
Answer:
C. It is the portion of internal energy that can be transferred from one substance to another.
Explanation:
the other one was incorrect so this one was what it was
How many molecules are there in 0.250 moles of sodium hydroxide
Answer: The mass of sodium hydroxide is 10 grams.
Explanation: the atomic weight: 39.997 g/mol
Which of the following statements concerning hydrocarbons is/are correct?
1.
Saturated hydrocarbons may be cyclic or acyclic molecules.
2.
An unsaturated hydrocarbon molecule contains at least one double bond.
3.
Ethylenediamine, H2NCH2CH2NH2, is an example of a saturated hydrocarbon.
Answer:
1. Saturated hydrocarbons may be cyclic or acyclic molecules.
2. An unsaturated hydrocarbon molecule contains at least one double bond.
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, hydrocarbons are defined as the simplest organic compounds containing both carbon and hydrogen only, for that reason we can immediately discard the third statement as ethylenediamine is classified as an amine (organic chain containing NH groups).
Next, as saturated hydrocarbons only show single carbon-to-carbon bonds and carbon-to-hydrogen bonds, they may be cyclic (ring-like-shaped) or acyclic (not forming rings), so first statement is true
Finally, since we can find saturated hydrocarbons which have single carbon-to-carbon and carbon-to-hydrogen bonds only and unsaturated hydrocarbons which could have double or triple bonds between carbons and carbon-to-hydrogen bonds, the presence of at least one double bond makes the hydrocarbon unsaturated.
Therefore, first and second statements are correct.
Best regards.
Final answer:
Statements 1 and 2 are correct regarding saturated hydrocarbons being cyclic or acyclic and unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one double bond. Statement 3 is incorrect because ethylenediamine is not a hydrocarbon.
Explanation:
To address which statements concerning hydrocarbons are correct:
Saturated hydrocarbons may indeed be cyclic or acyclic molecules. When cyclic, they have the general formula CnH₂n, such as cycloalkanes, which are saturated compounds. Acyclic saturated hydrocarbons, also known as alkanes, have single bonds only and follow the general formula CHn₂+2.
An unsaturated hydrocarbon molecule contains at least one double or triple bond. Molecules with one or more double bonds are alkenes, with the simplest being ethene (or ethylene), C₂H₄.
Ethylenediamine, H₂NCH₂CH₂NH₂, is not an example of a saturated hydrocarbon. It contains amine groups (NH₂) and therefore is not a hydrocarbon.
Hence, statements 1 and 2 are correct, while statement 3 is incorrect.
As a medication, Chang's doctor prescribed him a drug with serious restrictions. However, Chang started overdosing on it. This act had severe
Implications on his physical and mental state. To which category could this drug belong?
Answer: Schedule (2) two drug
Explanation: Although it’s virtually difficult or impossible to design a set of defining drug classification standards because even experts have struggled on which drugs should be and not be on a particular schedule but drugs are generally categorised based on their abuse rate (misuse and physical dependency) and their medical use. Drugs with no medical use and higher abuse rate which has physical and mental implications are placed under schedule one, drugs with medical use but also higher abuse rate with physical and mental implications are placed under schedule two, drugs with lower or moderate abuse rate are placed under schedule three, drugs with low potential for dependency are place under schedule four and drugs which are mostly use for antidiarrheal, analgesic and antitussive are placed under schedule five.
Chang's drug has medical use because it was prescribed by his doctor, it also has a high abuse rate because he started overdosing on them which led to a severe physical and mental implications.
Therefore Cheng's drugs will mostly likely be categorised as a schedule (2) two drug.
What is the total number of distinct 13C NMR signals that may be observed for the product, methyl-3-nitrobenzoate, and for the reactant, methylbenzoate?What is the total number of distinct 13C NMR signals that may be observed for the product, methyl-3-nitrobenzoate, and for the reactant, methylbenzoate?
Answer:
See explaination
Explanation:
methyl-3-nitrobenzoate = 3-NO2-C6H4-COOCH3
Singlet at 4 ppm = CH3 from ester (COOCH3)
Triplet at 7.6 ppm = Aromatic, H5 proton
Doublet at 8.2 ppm - Aromatic, H4 and H6 protons
Singlet at 8.8 ppm - Aromatic, H2 proton
See attached file for diagrammatic representation and further solution.
Methylbenzoate has 8 distinct carbon environments, therefore it would show 8 distinct 13C NMR signals. Methyl-3-nitrobenzoate, due to its symmetrical structure, has 7 distinct carbon environments, therefore it would show 7 distinct 13C NMR signals.
Explanation:
The product, methyl-3-nitrobenzoate, and the reactant, methylbenzoate, are both organic compounds, and their 13C NMR signals can be determined by the number of carbon environments they have.
Methylbenzoate has 8 distinct carbon environments: benzoate carbon framework (7) + methyl group (1). Hence, in the 13C NMR spectroscopy, methylbenzoate would show 8 distinct signals.
Methyl-3-nitrobenzoate on the other hand, due to the introduction of the nitro group, creates symmetry which changes the carbon environments, thus, it has 7 distinct carbon environments: nitrobenzoate carbon framework (6) + methyl group (1). So, methyl-3-nitrobenzoate would show 7 distinct signals in its 13C NMR spectroscopy.
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A 32.5 g piece of aluminum (which has a specific heat capacity of 0.921 J/g°C) is heated to 82.4°C and dropped into a calorimeter containing water initially at 22.3°C. The final temperature of the water is 24.2°C. Ignoring significant figures, calculate the mass of water in the calorimeter.
Answer:
The mass of water = 219.1 grams
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Mass of aluminium = 32.5 grams
specific heat capacity aluminium = 0.921 J/g°C
Temperature = 82.4 °C
Temperature of water = 22.3 °C
The final temperature = 24.2 °C
Step 2: Calculate the mass of water
Heat lost = heat gained
Qlost = -Qgained
Qaluminium = -Qwater
Q = m*c*ΔT
m(aluminium)*c(aluminium)*ΔT(aluminium) = -m(water)*c(water)*ΔT(water)
⇒with m(aluminium) = the mass of aluminium = 32.5 grams
⇒with c(aluminium) = the specific heat of aluminium = 0.921 J/g°C
⇒with ΔT(aluminium) = the change of temperature of aluminium = 24.2 °C - 82.4 °C = -58.2 °C
⇒with m(water) = the mass of water = TO BE DETERMINED
⇒with c(water) = 4.184 J/g°C
⇒with ΔT(water) = the change of temperature of water = 24.2 °C - 22.3 °C = 1.9 °C
32.5 * 0.921 * -58.2 = -m * 4.184 * 1.9
-1742.1 = -7.95m
m = 219.1 grams
The mass of water = 219.1 grams
To calculate the mass of water in the calorimeter, you equalize the heat gained by the water to the heat lost by the heated aluminum (since energy is conserved). You then rearrange the resulting equation to solve for water mass, substituting the known values into the equation.
Explanation:This question is related to the concept of heat transfer in Physics. Here, we are dealing with a piece of aluminium that was heated and then dropped into a calorimeter with water. We want to find the mass of the water contained in the calorimeter.
The heat lost by aluminum will be the heat gained by the water, so we should equalize the heat gained and lost: (mass of Aluminum)*aluminum heat capacity*(Initial temperature-Final temperature) = (water mass)*water heat capacity*(final temperature-initial temperature).
To find the mass of the water, rearrange the equation to solve for it: Mass_water = (mass of Aluminum * aluminum heat capacity * (Initial temperature - Final temperature)) / (water heat capacity * (final temperature - initial temperature)). Plugging in the known values and working through the math should yield the mass of the water in the calorimeter.
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which molecule is a product of photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide
Sugar
Water
Nitrogen
Consider benzene in the gas phase, C6H6(g)Use the heat of formation, ΔH∘f , values below to answer the questions.
Substance H(g) C(g) C6H6(g) ΔH∘f (kJ/mol ) 217.94 718.4 82.9
Part A
What is the standard enthalpy change for the reaction that represents breaking all the bonds in gaseous benzene, C6H6(g) ?
Express your answer to one decimal place and include the appropriate units.
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Part B
What is the chemical equation for the reaction that corresponds to breaking just the carbon-carbon bonds in gaseous benzene, C6H6(g) ? Indicate the phase of each species in your answer.
Express your answer as a chemical equation including phases.
Answer: 5535.1KJ/mol
Explanation:The equation for breaking of all the bonds in the benzene is written as follows:
C_6 H_6(g) --> 6C(g) +6H (g)
∆H_rxn= ∑moles of product X∆H_PRODUCT -∑moles of reactants x ∆H_REACTANT
={6mols X ∆H_°f(C) + 6mols X ∆H_°f(H)} –{1 mol ∆H_°fC_6 H_6 (g)
={6 X 217.74+ 6X 718.4} – {82.9}KJ/mol
= 5618.04 – 82.9 KK/mol
=5535.1KJ/mol
b) The equation for the breaking of the carbon-carbon bonds in benzene is illustrated below as
C_6 H_6(g) --> 6C---H (g)
A) The standard enthalpy change for the reaction is ; 5535.1 KJ/mol
B) The chemical equation for the reaction that corresponds to breaking just the carbon-carbon bonds is : C₆H₆(g) --> 6C---H(g)
A) The standard enthalpy change for the reaction which represents breaking of all bonds
Reaction equation ; C₆H₆(g) --> 6C(g) + 6H (g)
∆H = ∑ ( moles of product * ∆Hpro ) - ( moles of reactant * ∆H reactant )
= ( 6 * 217.94 + 6 * 718.4 ) – ( 82.9) KJ/mol
= ( 5618.04 ) - ( 82.9 ) = 5535.1 KJ/mol
B) The chemical equation for the reaction that corresponds to breaking the carbon-carbon bonds
chemical equation = C₆H₆(g) --> 6C---H(g)
Hence we can conclude that The answers to your questions are 5535.1 KJ/mol and C₆H₆(g) --> 6C---H(g)
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A sample of hexane (C6H14) has a mass of 0.580 g. The sample is burned in a bomb calorimeter that has a mass of 1.900 kg and a specific heat of 3.21 J/giK. What amount of heat is produced during the combustion of hexane if the temperature of the calorimeter increases by 4.542 K?
A. 8.46 kJ
B. 16.1 kJ
C. 27.7 kJ
D. 47.8 kJ
Answer:
27.7 KJ
Explanation:
Q= mC dT
m= 1900 g+0.580 g= 1900.58 g
Q= (1900.58 g * 3.21 KJ/ gK* 4.542 K)
Q=27710 J= 27.7 KJ
Answer:
C) 27.7 kJ
Explanation:
2. A 47.7 g sample of SrCl2 is dissolved in 112,500.0 g of solvent. Calculate the molality of the
solution.
A. 0.301 m
B. 2.67 m
C. 0.0339 m
D. 3.99 m
Answer:
I have the same question
Explanation: