Periodicity is best defined as:
the fact that elements increase in atomic mass in a regular way
the repeating nature of physical and chemical properties with atomic numbe
the regular growth of atomic size with atomic mass
the consistent decrease of nuclear charge with atomic mass
the repeating nature of atomic nuclear structure

Answer:

As the description in the question shows, Kaley is taking careful and regular measurements. Hence, her experimental method is correct.

Kaley has also developed a hypothesis and the experiment she conducted is also valid hence there is no problem in these steps.

There is no mistake being done by her in depicting the results of the experiment.

Hence, the only thing which we can say is missing from the experiment is the past researches which scientists might have made on this topic.

Explanation:

Answer:

Through conduction from magma to water and rocks

Explanation:

The core of the Earth is extremely hot, just about 10,800 °F or 6,000 °C. The heat from the core is then transferred to the magma, which heats up the rocks and water through convection. When the magma is heated up, it tends to rise and it heats up the water deep in the ocean and the rocks in the lithosphere. The water also brings in the warmth through convection.

Note: The other choices also show how thermal energy is transferred from the sun and not the Earth's core.

Answer: it's c, give the other person brainliest for that highly coveted crown

Explanation:

Answer:

Examples: Si, B, Ge, Sb, Ga

Explanation:

The majority of elements in the periodic table are classified as either a metal (a species that can lose electrons to become a cation) or a non-metal (a species that can gain electrons to become an anion).

However, there are several atoms which are considered to be metalloids. Metalloids are elements which possess properties that resemble both metals and non-metals. Examples of metalloids would be: silicon (Si), boron (B), germanium (Ge), antimony (Sb), gallium (Ga).

Since metalloids have properties of both metals and non-metals, they are widely used in semiconductors, as they might both donate and accept electrons in their shells.

A metalloid is an element that exhibits properties characteristic of both metals and nonmetals. Examples include boron, silicon, and germanium. They are often semiconductors, exhibiting physical properties of metals and chemical properties of nonmetals.

A metalloid is an element that possesses properties characteristic of both metals and nonmetals. This group includes elements like boron, silicon, and germanium, among others. Metalloids are often semiconductors, meaning they conduct heat and electricity better than nonmetals but not as well as metals. Some exhibit specific physical properties of metals, like being shiny and malleable, while concurrently displaying chemical properties of nonmetals, such as being bad conductors of heat and electricity in their pure forms.

For example, boron (from Group 13 of the periodic table) is a metalloid. While it tends to form covalent bonds like nonmetals, it also exhibits semiconducting properties. Additionally, the oxides and hydroxides of certain members of Group 13 (like aluminum and gallium) can exhibit both acidic and basic behaviors, which is characteristic of both nonmetals and metals.

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Answer:

Q = -200 cal

Explanation:

Given data:

Calories lost = ?

Mass of water = 10 g

Initial temperature = 80°C

Final temperature = 60°C

Solution:

Specific heat capacity of water is 1 cal/g.°C

Formula:

Q = m.c. ΔT

Q = amount of heat absorbed or released

m = mass of given substance

c = specific heat capacity of substance

ΔT = change in temperature

ΔT = T2 - T1

ΔT = 60°C- 80°C

ΔT = -20°C

Q = m.c. ΔT

Q = 10 g. 1 cal/g.°C. -20°C  

Q = -200 cal

Answer:

Below.

Explanation:

True:

A piece of gold is made only of gold atoms.

Untrue:

Protons have negative charges ( they are positive).

All molecules are compounds . (Oxygen gas O2 is a molecule but not a compound as the 2 atoms are the same).

Compounds have the same properties as the elements they are made from.

Answer:

The percentage composition of the compound is 81.72% of C and 18.28% of H.

Explanation: Percentage composition is the percentage by mass of each element in a compound. It is the ratio of an amount of each element to the total amount of individual elements in a compound, which is then multiplied with 100.

Since the compound above contains only carbon and hydrogen, we will have to find the sum of their masses.

Given 36.03g of Carbon and 8.06g of hydrogen,

36.03g + 8.06g = 44.09g of the compound

%composition= gram of element/gram of compound × 100

%C = 36.03/44.09 × 100

%C= 0.8172 × 100

℅C= 81.72%

Likewise for H

%H= 8.06/44.09 × 100

%H= 0.1828 × 100

%H= 18.28%

Therefore, the compound can be said to contain 81.72% of C and 18.28% of H

Answer:

20.0 mol

Explanation:

The balanced chemical equation is already given for this process. According to the corrected balanced chemical equation, carbon dioxide reacts with 2 moles of lithium hydroxide to produce 1 mole of lithium carbonate and 1 mole of water:

[tex]2 LiOH(aq)+CO2 (g)\rightarrow Li_2CO_3 (aq)+H_2O (l)[/tex]

Notice that the problem states that 20.0 mol of carbon dioxide react completely. This implies that carbon dioxide is the limiting reactant. According to the balanced chemical equation, 1 mole of carbon dioxide produces 1 mole of lithium carbonate (pay close attention to the coefficients in the balanced chemical equation).

This means if we have 20.0 mol of carbon dioxide, we can produce a maximum of 20.0 mol of lithium carbonate.

Final answer:

Twenty moles of CO₂ react with lithium hydroxide to produce twenty moles of lithium carbonate, provided there is excess LiOH.

Explanation:

Reaction of CO₂ with LiOH

When carbon dioxide (CO₂) reacts with lithium hydroxide (LiOH), lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃) is produced along with water (H₂O). According to the balanced chemical equation CO₂(g) + 2LiOH(s) → Li₂CO₃(s) + H₂O(l), one mole of carbon dioxide reacts with two moles of lithium hydroxide to produce one mole of lithium carbonate. Therefore, for the complete reaction of 20.0 moles of CO₂, a total of 20.0 moles of lithium carbonate would be formed, assuming that there is excess LiOH present.

Answer:

x=-8

Explanation:

First you move the -6 over to the -10 (which makes the -6 a 6)

Then you solve -10+6=-4

Then do -4 times 2 which equals 8

HOPE THIS HELPS

Answer:

Every chemical equation adheres to the law of conservation of mass, which states that matter cannot be created or destroyed. Therefore, there must be the same number of atoms of each element on each side of a chemical equation.

Answer:

C bc it is

Explanation:

C IS GOOD ANSWER

The photosynthesis is a chemical reaction because the reactants are compounds. Hence option C is correct.

Chemical reaction is defined as a procedure that results in the chemical conversion of one group of chemicals into another. Reactants are substances that are present at the beginning of a chemical reaction. A substance that remains after a chemical reaction is complete is known as a product.

Photosynthesis is defined as the method used by plants, algae, and some microorganisms to produce sugar and oxygen from sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water. It is a process that only happens in plants that contain the chlorophyll, a green pigment used in food preparation. Photosynthesis is primarily used to convert solar energy into chemical energy, which is then stored for use at a later time.

Thus, the photosynthesis is a chemical reaction because the reactants are compounds. Hence option C is correct.

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Answer:

Normal fault

Reverse fault

Strike slip fault

Explanation:

Did the assignment.

Normal Fault, Reverse Fault, and Strike-Slip Fault are the three types of faults in geology related to plate tectonics.

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Answer: 5

Explanation: nitrogen has atomic number of 7 and its electronic configuration is 2, 5.

5 is the number of electrons in the outermost shell

Heat from the Earth's core and radiation from the Sun is transferred to the surface of the Earth by conduction. Contact of the atmosphere with these warm surfaces transfers thermal energy, which then heats up the rest of the air through convection

Earth is heated through radiation, which involves the absorption of solar energy by the Earth's surface and its re-emission as infrared radiation. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap some of this infrared radiation, keeping the Earth warm.

How Earth is Heated through Radiation:

The Earth is primarily heated through the process of radiation, which is the transfer of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves. This energy comes from the Sun, which emits solar radiation due to nuclear fusion reactions occurring in its core. As this solar radiation travels through space, it reaches Earth where it is absorbed by the surface, warming it. The Earth's surface then re-radiates this energy as infrared radiation, a form of thermal energy.

While some of the infrared radiation escapes into space, a significant portion is trapped by greenhouse gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane present in the Earth' surfaces.

Earth maintains a balance of temperature by radiating back into space an equivalent amount of energy that it receives from the sun. However, this balance can be affected by the concentration of greenhouse gases, which can enhance the warming effect and cause climate change.

Answer:

449.1 g

Explanation:

The second law of thermodynamics states that heat flows from hotter objects to colder ones. Assuming that [tex]Q_1 = 150,000 J[/tex] is the heat given off by a substance in order to melt the ice, we also need to introduce the equation representing the melting of ice:

[tex]Q_2 = \Delta H^o_{fus} m_{ice}[/tex]

Since energy is conserved, the heat given off should be equal to the heat gained:

[tex]Q_1 = Q_2[/tex]

So that the equation becomes:

[tex]\Delta H^o_{fus} m_{ice} = Q_1[/tex]

The enthalpy of fusion of ice is equal to:

[tex]\Delta H^o_{fus} = 334 J/g[/tex]

From here, rearrange the equation for the mass of ice:

[tex]m_{ice} = \frac{Q_1}{\Delta H^o_{fus}} = \frac{150,000 J}{334 J/g} = 449.1 g[/tex]

Answer:

Explanation:

Data Given:

volume of SO₂ = 48.6 L

mass of H₂SO₄ = 200 g

balance equation = ?

theoretical yield = ?

percent yield = ?

Solution:

Part 1:

first we have to write a balance equation for the reaction

SO₂ gas react with water (H₂O) and excess oxygen

The balanced equation is as under

                       2SO₂ +  O₂ + 2H₂O  -----------> 2H₂SO₄

Part 2:

Now we have to find theoretical yield

First look at the balance reaction

                        2SO₂ +  O₂ + 2H₂O  -----------> 2H₂SO₄

                        2 mol                                         2 mol

2 moles of SO₂ give gives 2 moles of H₂SO₄

Now calculate volume of 2 moles of SO₂ and mass of 2 moles of H₂SO₄

volume of 2 moles of SO₂

Formula used

                 volume of gas = no. of moles x molar volume . . . . . . (1)

molar volume of SO₂= 22.4 L/mol

Put values in above formula (1)

                 volume of gas = 2 mol x 22.4 L/mol

                 volume of gas = 44.8 L

volume of 2 mole of SO₂ = 44.8 L

Now,

Find mass of 2 mole H₂SO₄

Formula Used

            mass in grams = no. of moles x molar mass . . . . . . . (2)

molar mass of H₂SO₄ = 2 (1) + 32 + 4(16)

molar mass of H₂SO₄ = 98 g/mol

put values in equation 2

        mass in grams = 2 mol x 98 g/mol

        mass in grams = 196 g

mass of 2 mole of H₂SO₄ = 196 g

** So,

Now we come to know that

44.8 L of SO₂ gives 196 g of H₂SO₄ then how many grams of the H₂SO₄ will be produced by 48.6 L of SO₂

Apply unity Formula

               44.8 L of SO₂ ≅ 196 g of H₂SO₄

               48.6 L of SO₂ ≅ X g of H₂SO₄

Do cross multiplication

                g of H₂SO₄  = 196 g x 48.6 L / 44.8 L

                g of H₂SO₄  =  213 g

So that is why the theoretical yield of H₂SO₄ is 213 g

Theoretical yield of H₂SO₄ = 213 g

Part 3

Calculate Percent Yield:

Formula used for this purpose:

             percent yield = actual yield /theoretical yield x 100 %

Put value in the above formula

           percent yield = 200 g/ 213 g x 100 %

          percent yield = 94 %    

So percent yield of H₂SO₄ = 94 %    

Final answer:

Option A represents a pseudo-noble-gas electron configuration because it has a filled d-subshell along with filled s and p subshells in the highest principal energy level, resembling noble gas stability.

Explanation:

The question 'Which of the following is a pseudo-noble-gas electron configuration?' refers to a special type of electron configuration where an atom has a filled d-subshell in addition to filled s and p subshells in its highest principal energy level, mimicking the stability of a noble gas configuration without actually having a complete octet in the valence shell.

Option A (1s22s22p63s23p63d10) is indeed a pseudo-noble-gas electron configuration because the d sublevel is completely filled along with the s and p sublevels of the third energy level. However, this type of configuration is often seen in cations of transition metals, where the atom has more d-electrons and has lost the ns electrons.

This configuration imitates the stability of a noble-gas, but does not conform to the 'octet rule', as it has 18 electrons in the outermost shell instead of 8, thus it is called a 'pseudo-noble-gas' configuration.

Answer:

5.3

The next one is 11

Explanation:

To determine the pH of a 0.050 M HCN solution, we can use the given Ka value and the equilibrium expression for the acid dissociation reaction. By assuming that the concentration of H+ ions and CN- ions will be equal, we can solve for the concentration of H+ ions and calculate the pH.

To determine the pH of a 0.050 M HCN solution, we need to use the given Ka value and the equilibrium expression for the acid dissociation reaction:

HCN(aq) ↔ H+(aq) + CN-(aq)

The equilibrium constant expression is Ka = [H+][CN-]/[HCN]. Since the initial concentration of HCN is given as 0.050 M, we can assume that the change in concentration of HCN will be small when it dissociates. Therefore, we can neglect x in the denominator and write the equilibrium expression as Ka = [H+][CN-].

Given that Ka = 4.9 x 10-10, we can assume that the concentration of H+ ions and CN- ions will be equal since HCN is a weak acid and does not dissociate completely. Therefore, [H+] = [CN-].

Let x be the concentration of H+ and CN- ions. Then, according to the equilibrium expression, [H+] = x and [CN-] = x.

Substituting these values into the equilibrium expression, we have:

4.9 x 10-10 = (x)(x)

Solving for x gives x = 7.0 x 10-6 M. Since [H+] = x, the pH of the solution is equal to the negative logarithm of x:

pH = -log(7.0 x 10-6) ≈ 5.16

Answer: (A) and (D)

Options (A) and (D) represent beta decay.

Explanation:

It is very simple to find  beta decay in a nuclear reaction. In beta decay , neutron breaks down into a proton and an electron. After that electron is emitted from the nucleus,while proton remains inside nucleus. The resulting daughter nuclei will have one more proton and one less neutron.

Answer:

A and D

Explanation:

I just took a test an got it right.

Answer:

time for NO₂ to diffuse = 90 s

Explanation:

Data Given:

Amount of O₂ gas transferred = 80 cm³

time of O₂ gas to diffuse = 50s

Amount of NO₂ gas transferred = 120 cm³

time of NO₂ gas to diffuse = ?

Solution:

As we know

  rate of diffusion = Amount of gas transferred / time . . . . . . . (1)

we also know that Graham's Law is

  rate of diffusion gas A/rate of diffusion gas B = [tex]\sqrt{mB/mA}[/tex] . .  . (2)

where

mA = molar mass of gas A

mB = molar mass of gas B

combine both equation 1 and 2

(Amount of gas A transferred / time for gas A) / (Amount of gas B transferred / time for gas B) =  [tex]\sqrt{mB/mA}[/tex] . . . . . . . . (3)

we can write equation 3 for oxygen and nitrogen (iv) oxide

(Amount of gas O₂ transferred / time for gas O₂) / (Amount of gas NO₂ transferred / time for gas NO₂) =  [tex]\sqrt{m NO₂/mO₂}[/tex] . . . . . . . (4)

Put values in equation equation 4

(80 cm³/50 s) / (120 cm³ / time for NO₂) = [tex]\sqrt{46 g/mol/32 g/mol}[/tex]

(1.6 cm³/s)/(120 cm³ / time for NO₂) = [tex]\sqrt{1.44}[/tex]

(1.6 cm³/s) / (120 cm³ / time for NO₂) = 1.2

Rearrange the above equation

time for NO₂ = 1.2 /(1.6 cm³/s) x 120 cm³

time for NO₂ = 90 s

So,

time for NO₂ to diffuse = 90 s

Answer:

its answer A....that's the answer is

[tex]7 \times 10 ^ - 7[/tex]

Explanation:

The visible light spectrum is the section of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum that is visible to the human eye. Essentially, that equates to the colors the human eye can see. It ranges in wavelength from approximately 400 nanometers (4 x 10 -7 m, which is violet) to 700 nm (7 x 10-7 m, which is red).

Answer: it’s A

Explanation:

Answer:

15500

Explanation:

1 kg = 1000000

so, 0.0155 kg × 1000000

To convert 0.0155 kilograms to milligrams, we multiply by 1,000,000, giving us 15500 milligrams.

To convert kilograms (kg) to milligrams (mg), we need to know the relationship between these units. There are 1,000,000 milligrams in a kilogram, so you can convert kg to mg by multiplying the number of kilograms by 1,000,000.

In your particular case, you want to convert 0.0155 kg to mg. So, you would perform the following operation:

0.0155 kg * 1,000,000 = 15500 mg

So, 0.0155 kg is equivalent to 15500 mg.

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Answer: The mole ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen is 3 mole: 1 mole, 3:1

Explanation:

•Mole ratios are determined using the coefficients of the substances in the balanced chemical equation. •Each coefficient represents the number of mole of each substance in the chemical reaction.

•The mole ratio can be determined by first writing out a balanced chemical equation for the reaction.

For this reaction the balanced chemical equation is

N2(g) + 3H2(g) ----> 2NH3(g)

1mol:3mol : 2mol

From the equation we can see that 1 mole of N2(g) reacts with 3 moles of H2(g) or 3 moles of H2(g) react with 1 mole of N2(g) to produce 2 moles of NH3(g).

Therefore, the mole ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen is 3 mole: 1 mole, 3:1

The mole ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen is. 3:1

In the balanced chemical equation [tex]\( \text{N}_2 + 3\text{H}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{NH}_3 \),[/tex] the coefficients represent the stoichiometric amounts of each substance involved in the reaction. The coefficient of [tex]\( \text{N}_2 \)[/tex] is 1, indicating that 1 mole of nitrogen reacts. The coefficient of [tex]\( \text{H}_2 \)[/tex] is 3, indicating that 3 moles of hydrogen react.

To determine the mole ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen, we compare these coefficients directly. The mole ratio of hydrogen x[tex]\( \text{H}_2 \)[/tex] to nitrogen [tex](\( \text{N}_2 \))[/tex]  in the reaction [tex]\( \text{N}_2 + 3\text{H}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{NH}_3 \)[/tex] is [tex]\( \frac{3 \text{ moles H}_2}{1 \text{ mole N}_2} \)[/tex], simplifying to [tex]\( \\3:1} \).[/tex]This ratio shows that for every 1 mole of nitrogen consumed, 3 moles of hydrogen are required according to the stoichiometry of the reacti

.

Answer:

The boiling  point of a 8.5 m solution of Mg3(PO4)2 in water is 394.91 K.

Explanation:

The formula for molal boiling Point elevation is :

[tex]\Delta T_{b} = iK_{b}m[/tex]

[tex]\Delta T_{b}[/tex] = elevation in boiling Point

[tex]K_{b}[/tex] = Boiling point constant( ebullioscopic constant)

m = molality of the solution

i = Van't Hoff Factor

Van't Hoff Factor = It takes into accounts,The abnormal values of Temperature change due to association and dissociation .

In solution Mg3(PO4)2 dissociates as follow :

[tex]Mg_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}\rightarrow 3Mg^{2+} + 2 PO_{4}^{3-}[/tex]

Total ions after dissociation in solution :

= 3 ions of Mg + 2 ions of phosphate

Total ions = 5

i = Van't Hoff Factor = 5

m = 8.5 m

[tex]K_{b}[/tex] = 0.512 °C/m

Insert the values and calculate temperature change:

[tex]\Delta T_{b} = iK_{b}m[/tex]

[tex]\Delta T_{b} = 5\times 0.512\times 8.5[/tex]

[tex]\Delta T_{b} = 21.76 K[/tex]

Boiling point of pure water = 100°C = 273.15 +100 = 373.15 K

[tex]\Delta T_{b} = T_{b} - T_{b}_{pure}[/tex]

[tex]T_{b}_{pure}[/tex] = 373.15 K[/tex]

21.76 = T - 373.15

T = 373.15 + 21.76

T =394.91 K

Answer:

The mass of solid with density 14.2 g/cm3 and volume 350 cm3 is 4.97 Kg.

Explanation:

Formula for density is given below :

[tex]density = \frac{mass}{volume}[/tex]

[tex]volume = 350 cm^{3}[/tex]

[tex]density = 14.2 g/cm^{3}[/tex]

Insert the values in the formula

[tex]14.2 = \frac{mass}{350}[/tex]

on cross multiplication :

[tex]mass = density\times volume[/tex]

[tex]mass = 14.2\times 350[/tex]

[tex]mass = 4970 g[/tex]

1 g = 0.001 Kg

[tex]mass =4970\times 0.001 Kg[/tex]

mass = 4.97 Kg

Note : Check the units of volume and density carefully

When atoms gain electrons they have more electrons, so they increase their size due to the energy levels, orbitals, etc. Those are the atoms that form negative ions. (Non Metals)

When atoms loose electrons and form positive ions they loose components and energy levels. Therefore they decrease their size.

The only one here who forms negative ions is Bromine (Br) that forms Bromide (Br-1)

So it will be answer B) Br

Answer:

Latitude: [tex]30\° N[/tex]

Longitude: [tex]45\° W[/tex]

Explanation:

Lets begin by explaining the meaning of latitude and longitude as geogrephical coordinates:

Latitude is the angular distance between the equatorial line, and a specific point on the Earth. It is measured in degrees and is represented according to the hemisphere in which the point is located, which can be north or south latitude.  

In this sense latitude [tex]0\°[/tex] refers to the equatorial line that divides the Earth in two hemispheres (North and South).

Longitude represents the specific east–west position of a point on the Earth's surface, being longitude [tex]0\°[/tex] the prime meridian or Greenwich meridian.

So, according to the figure, where the model of the Earth is divided by latitude lines separated by [tex]10\°[/tex] and the longitude lines separated by [tex]15\°[/tex]; we only have to count the lines from the equator to the line where the point A is, and count the lines fromo the Prime meridian to the line where point A is located.

Hence, point A location is:

Latitude: [tex]30\° N[/tex]

Longitude: [tex]45\° W[/tex]

Answer:

The order would be: X-Rays, Visible Light, and Infrared Waves.

X-Rays have the shortest wavelength out of all three, then Visible Light, and Infrared Waves have the longest wavelength of the three.

Explanation:

So basically, the LONGER the wavelength, the lower the energy. and the SHORTER the wavelength, the higher the energy. For example, Radio waves are the WEAKEST out of all the types of waves because they have the LONGEST wavelengths. Gamma Rays are the STRONGEST out of all the types of waves because they have the SHORTEST wavelengths. So Radio Waves have the lowest energy, and Gamma Rays have the highest energy.

Here is a list of all the types of waves in order from shortest wavelength to longest wavelengths:

Gamma Rays (Shortest Wavelengths, High Energy), then X-Rays would be the second strongest, then Ultraviolet waves, then Visible Light, then Infrared waves, then Microwaves, and lastly Radio Waves (Longest Wavelengths, Low Energy).

Answer:

X rays < red visible < infrared  

Explanation:

According to your picture, gamma rays have the shortest wavelength and radio waves have the longest.

Thus. the order of wavelengths is

X rays < red visible < infrared

Sodium forms a variety of compounds with different anions, including Sodium Chloride (NaCl), Sodium Oxalate (Na₂C₂O4), Sodium Sulfate (Na2SO4), and Sodium Phosphate (Na3PO4) among others, always ensuring charge neutrality.

Sodium, being in the first group of the periodic table, forms a +1 cation. It can combine with other ions to form a variety of compounds, remaining electrically neutral in all cases. For instance, with the chloride ion (Cl-) which is a monatomic anion, sodium forms Sodium Chloride, NaCl. Another combination is with the polyatomic ion Oxalate (C2O4²-), forming Sodium Oxalate or Na₂C₂O4, taking into account that the ratio of Na+ to C2O4²- is 2:1 to ensure neutrality. It's important to mention that while the empirical formula (NaCO2) simplifies this ratio, the accepted formula for sodium oxalate is Na₂C₂O4 which accurately represents the compound's polyatomic anion.

Sodium can also form compounds with other polyatomic ions, such as sulfate (SO4²-), forming Sodium Sulfate, or Na2SO4. Another example is sodium phosphate (Na3PO4), where three sodium ions combine with one phosphate ion (PO4³-) to maintain charge neutrality.

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Answer:

The variation in attraction of some atoms causes hydrogen bonding

Explanation:

Hydrogen bonding is caused by the tendency of some atoms in molecules to attract electrons more than their accompanying atom.

This gives the molecule a permanent dipole moment, it makes it polar, so it acts like a magnet and attracts the opposite end of other polar molecules.

What is hydrogen bonding?

A hydrogen bond is a partial intermolecular bonding interaction between a lone pair on an electron rich donor atom.

To calculate the number of litres of ammonia produced when 28.0 grams of nitrogen is consumed, we can use stoichiometry and the ideal gas law at STP. We find that approximately 44.77 litres of ammonia are produced.

To calculate the number of litres of ammonia produced, we need to use stoichiometry and the molar mass of nitrogen. The balanced equation for the reaction is:

N2 + 3H2 --  2NH3

From the equation, we can see that for every 1 mole of nitrogen, 2 moles of ammonia are produced. We can use the molar mass of nitrogen to convert grams to moles:

= 28.0 g × (1 mole N₂/28.01 g)

= 0.9996 moles N₂

Since the ratio is 1:2, we can calculate the moles of ammonia produced:

0.9996 moles × (2 moles NH₃/1 mole )

= 1.9992 moles NH₃

Finally, we can use the ideal gas law to convert moles of ammonia to liters at STP:

= 1.9992 moles × (22.4 L/1 mole)

= 44.77 L

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The volume of ammonia produced from 28.0 grams of nitrogen, first convert the nitrogen mass to moles, then use the stoichiometry of the balanced equation and the ideal gas law to find that 44.8 liters of ammonia are produced.

The amount of ammonia are produced when 28.0 grams of nitrogen is completely consumed, we need to use stoichiometry and the ideal gas law. The balanced chemical equation for the formation of ammonia (NH₃) from nitrogen (N₂) and hydrogen (H₂) is: N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) → 2NH₃(g)

First, convert the mass of nitrogen (N₂) to moles: Molar mass of N₂ = 28.0 g/mol

28.0 g N₂ × (1 mol N2 / 28.0 g N₂) = 1 mol N₂

According to the balanced equation, 1 mole of N₂ produces 2 moles of NH₃.

Therefore, 1 mol N₂ will produce: 2 mol NH₃

At standard temperature and pressure (STP), 1 mole of any gas occupies 22.4 liters.

Thus: 2 mol NH₃ × 22.4 L/mol = 44.8 liters of NH₃

Therefore, 44.8 liters of ammonia are produced when 28.0 grams of nitrogen are completely consumed.