Biology Middle School

Phenotype describes

the genetic makeup of an individual
the actual genes in an individual
the DNA in an individual
the appearance of an individual

Answers

Answer 1

The genetic makeup of an individual


Answer 2
Phenotype = physical ;)

Related Questions

What do equinoxes signify

Answers

the time the sun crosses the plane of the Earth's equator making night and day of approximately equal length all over the earth.

Answer:

Equinoxes are important in marking for change in the season.

Explanation:

The equinox is a marking for change in the seasons. The moment is important because it is the time of year when the day and the night are of almost exactly the same length. It's the starting of autumn or spring, that marks the starting of that season. It takes place twice a year around September 23 and March 21.

Thus, Equinoxes are important in marking for change in the season.

Give the mechanism of control and co-ordination in animals and plants.

Answers

I would say the the mechanism of control and co-ordination in plants and animals is called the Hormonal Feedback Mechanism. Since hormones command many cell functions, they are very important for homeostasis. Hormones control many cell activities, so they are very important for homeostasis or the stable functioning of an organism. These hormones are managed by feedback mechanisms. Such a mechanism feeds back to control its own production. It does this in a continuous loop.

which item is responsible for joining nucleotides to build a new stand of DNA

Answers

The process of joining nucleotides to build a new strand of DNA is carried out by an enzyme called DNA polymerase. DNA polymerase plays a central role in DNA replication, repair, and synthesis during processes like DNA transcription and DNA repair.

During DNA replication, DNA polymerase catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds between adjacent nucleotides, thereby linking them together to form a new DNA strand complementary to the template strand. This process occurs in the 5' to 3' direction, meaning that nucleotides are added to the growing DNA strand at the 3' end.

DNA polymerase requires several components and cofactors for its activity. These include a template DNA strand, a primer (a short strand of RNA or DNA complementary to the template DNA), deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) as substrates, magnesium ions (Mg2+) as cofactors, and other accessory proteins that assist in the replication process.

The mechanism of DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase involves several steps:

1. Initiation: DNA polymerase binds to the primer-template junction, forming a complex known as the DNA polymerase-DNA complex.

2. Elongation: DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the 3' end of the primer strand in a stepwise fashion, using the template DNA strand as a guide. Each incoming nucleotide forms base pairs with the complementary nucleotide on the template strand, and DNA polymerase catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between the 3' hydroxyl group of the last nucleotide in the growing strand and the α-phosphate group of the incoming nucleotide.

3. Termination: DNA polymerase continues synthesizing the new DNA strand until it reaches the end of the template strand or encounters an obstacle. Once replication is complete, the newly synthesized DNA strand dissociates from the DNA polymerase-DNA complex.

DNA polymerases are highly accurate enzymes, with built-in proofreading mechanisms that help to maintain the fidelity of DNA replication by correcting errors in base pairing. However, errors can still occur, leading to mutations. In such cases, other DNA repair mechanisms come into play to correct the errors and maintain the integrity of the genetic material.

In summary, DNA polymerase is responsible for joining nucleotides to build a new strand of DNA during processes like DNA replication, repair, and synthesis. Its ability to catalyze the formation of phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides is essential for the accurate transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next.

The complete question is:

Which item is responsible for joining nucleotides to build a new stand of DNA?

The basic structure of a volcano consists of _____.

Answers

A magma chamber, Central Vent, and Crater



Which of the following techniques is used by researchers to carry out DNA replication in vitro?



Northern blotting



DNA fingerprinting



Polymerase chain reaction

Answers

I believe the correct answer is Polymerase Chain reaction!

c is the answer

plato

which appears to be more dangerous the BRC1 or BRC2 mutation

Answers

Answer:

the answer is Brc2 bc of the changes in the mutation

Explanation:

BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations both increase the risk of certain cancers, primarily breast and ovarian cancer. However, BRCA1 mutations have been associated with a higher risk compared to BRCA2 mutations.

For example, a harmful mutation in the BRCA1 gene is linked to a higher percentage of women developing breast cancer before the age of 70, compared to the general population's risk. Both mutations are crucial in understanding inherited cancer risks.Genetic variations, including mutations in the BRCA genes, can greatly impact a person's susceptibility to specific diseases like breast and ovarian cancer.

How do you get from one unit in the metric system to the next bigger unit?

Answers

Move the decimal point. So, if you have a meter of length, and you need to express that in decameters, move your decimal point one spot to the left and you'll have .1 decagrams, which is your answer.

please HELP im BEGGING You!!!!!

Select 1 of the following sea animal pairs. Describe their symbiotic relationship, and make sure to identify it as one of the three types. NO PLAGIARISM!!!

Sea anemone and clownfish
Cleaner wrasse and any one of many large fish species
Coral and zooxanthellae
Remora and whale shark
Scale worm and seastar
Scallops and sponges
Damselfish and algae
Nematodes and many types of fish

Answers

Hi! 

Coral and zooxanthellae have a mutualistic relationship, where they both benefit. These organisms work together in order to benefit each other and their own survival.
 
The coral provides a safe protective place for the zooxanthellae, so they can perform photosynthesis. =)

what happens when electromagnetic waves strike a rough, dark material?

Answers

When electromagnetic waves strike an obstacle, some of the wave is reflected off the surface of the obstacle, some of the wave is absorbed and some is transmitted through the material. But in the case of dark material, dark colour usually absorb all the waves that hit it, so in this case, the electromagnetic waves will mostly be absorbed by the dark material.

Answer:

A

Explanation:

If we know what type of rock we are examining, we can figure out

how much it weighs
how hard it is
how it was formed
where it was formed

Answers

How it was formed, like most rocks a e formed from volcanoes and some from sand

Given how the process of evolution appears to occur, how might concepts presented in this unit be used to help predict how any given organism might evolve in the future? How might this knowledge lead to human intervention, positive or negative, in that organism’s natural evolutionary process?

Answers

An organism will evolve by natural selection, or the ability to adapt to an environment in the best possible way. For example, if carbon pollution continues to occur on a mass scale, the lungs of many land animals may evolve to filter out carbon from the air they breathe in. With this knowledge, humans may continue to be negligent about the environment. Factories may raise the amount of CO2 they release into the atmosphere at a rate in which evolution of the animals' lungs may not catch up to. This could inevitably lead to the mass extinction of hordes of animals.

Former NFL punter Ray Guy holds the record for the longest hangtime on a punt. If the ball leaves with an upward velocity of 128 ft/s from an initial height of 4 feet, how long will the ball be in the air? Use the formula H= -16t(squared) +128t +4, where h is the height of the ball in feet and t is the time in seconds since it is kicked. Round your answer to the nearest tenth.

Answers

Since we have the formula for height, all we need to do is solve for t when the height of the ball is 0, meaning it is on the ground. The equation is H = -16t^2 + 128t + 4 Substituting H for 0, we get: 0 = -16t^2 + 128t + 4 Now the problem becomes a simple quadratic equation that we can solve using the quadratic formula. The quadratic formula for at^2 + bt + c = 0 is: t = [-b +/- sqrt(b^2 - 4ac)] / 2a Plugging in a, b, and c, we get t = [-128 +/- sqrt(128^2 - 4*-16*4)] / -32 Solving for t, we get t = 8.03, -0.03. Since the time must be positive, the answer is 8.0. The ball is in the air for 8.0 seconds

What would happen if a persons body temperature drop to low or got too high

Answers

They would most likely die or get very sick
Getting too cold can restrict blood circulation and getting too hot you can get a fever and can cause brain damage and you can sweat out many needed chemicals

HELP ME PLEASE!!!!!!

What are the characteristics of life?

Answers

responsiveness to the environment;
growth and change;
ability to reproduce;
have a metabolism and breathe;
maintain homeostasis;
being made of cells; and.
passing traits onto offspring.

Protrusion of the eyes is called exophthalmos. How is it related to thyroid dysfunction?

Answers

It is related to thyroid dysfunction because one main cause of exophthalmos is the thyroid eye disease. It is a condition were the tissues inside the eyeballs would swell due to too much thyroid activity. Exophthalmos is known as proptosis and is a term used for bulging eyeballs. This condition is an autoimmune type and one in every three people would have this condition. It is common for women in their 30s to 50s and for people who smoke. Other causes of this condition are bleeding at the back of the eyes, abnormal shape of the blood vessels and infection of the tissues in the eyes.

Which evidence supports the endosymbiotic theory? Select all that apply. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have a separate, simpler DNA from the nucleus DNA of a eukaryotic cell. These organelles' DNA resembles the DNA of prokaryotic cells. Mitochondria and chloroplasts self-replicate by a cell division process similar to binary fission, which is the way prokaryotes divide. The way mitochondria and chloroplasts synthesize proteins within the eukaryote cell is more similar to prokaryotes than to eukaryotes. There are living examples of prokaryotes, like cyanobacteria, that share similar features with both mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells. Observations of prokaryotic cells engulfing other prokaryotic cells and the engulfed cells becoming the organelles have been recorded.

Answers

All of the above answers support the endosymbiotic theory in some way

Answer:

Which evidence supports the endosymbiotic theory?

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have a separate, simpler DNA from the nucleus DNA of a eukaryotic cell. These organelles' DNA resembles the DNA of prokaryotic cells.

Mitochondria and chloroplasts self-replicate by a cell division process similar to binary fission, which is the way prokaryotes divide.

The way mitochondria and chloroplasts synthesize proteins within the eukaryote cell is more similar to prokaryotes than to eukaryotes.

There are living examples of prokaryotes, like cyanobacteria, that share similar features with both mitochondria and chloroplasts of eukaryotic cells.

Observations of prokaryotic cells engulfing other prokaryotic cells and the engulfed cells becoming the organelles have been recorded.

This is used to track traits within a family line.

A microscope
Punnet square
A pedigree chart
A flow chart

Answers

A pedigree chart is a diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance or phenotypes of a particular gene or organism and its ancestors from one generation to the next. Below is one of the most famous pedigree charts of all time: Queen Victoria's (with the family trait of hemophilia).

Which of the following is a subatomic particle located inside the nucleus of an atom

Answers

Hello. 

The subatomic particles located inside of the nucleus of an atom consist of protons and neutrons.
The nucleus of an atom consists of Protons and Neutrons.

If trees are removed from rainforest what happens to amount of water and oxygen

Answers

well, trees need water to live so they can create oxygen, so one would think that the amount of water goes up and the amount of oxygen goes down
We need trees, that's why it's called a forest. Tress are nature also a natural thing and water and oxygen are also a natural thing that humans need. If trees are removed, then the water from lakes will get dirty, as for the oxygen we need from the tree, we humans need water and oxygen, so trees are needed.


Starch digestion begins in the mouth. What specifically occurs during starch digestion?
A. Specific hormones break down starch into complex starches.
B. Specific hormones break down starch into simple sugars.
C. Specific enzymes break down starch into amino acids.
D. Specific enzymes break down starch into simple sugars.

Answers

Answer: D.Specific enzymes break down starch into simple sugars.

 

Explanation:

The digestion of food in animals and in humans begins with mouth. In the mouth the teeth grind and mix the food contents with the saliva. The saliva is a fluid which contains enzymes such as salivary amylase which breaks down the starch into simple sugar molecules. Hence, facilitates in the digestion process.

Final answer:

Starch digestion begins in the mouth with the enzyme salivary amylase breaking starch down into maltose. This process continues in the small intestine, where pancreatic amylase further breaks it down into glucose or simple sugars.

Explanation:

Starch digestion begins in the mouth where the enzyme salivary amylase, present in saliva, starts the breakdown of starch into maltose, a simpler sugar. This is known as the process of starch digestion. Thus, the correct answer to your question is 'Specific enzymes break down starch into simple sugars' (Option D). Digestion continues in the small intestine where another enzyme, pancreatic amylase, continues this process turning the maltose into glucose, the simplest form of sugar that the body can use for energy.

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What pathway provides the longest-lasting supply of ATP?

Answers

The answer is Aerobic.

Answer:

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Explanation:

Aerobic cellular respiration is the stepwise breakdown of glucose into CO2 and H2O through glycolysis, Kreb's cycle and The released energy is stored in the form of NADH and FADH2. These reducing powers drive the process of oxidative phosphorylation to produce as many as 36-38 ATPs. Hence, aerobic cellular respiration gives a long lasting supply of ATPs.

Identify the type of behavior exhibited in the examples described below. Support each answer with a short explanation. Cuckoos often lay their eggs in the nests of other birds, which raise the young cuckoo as their own. However, as the cuckoo matures, it takes on the behavioral characteristics of its biological parents rather than its surrogate parents.

Answers

It is in the nature of the animal to act as how their biological parents did. Genetically something in the brain keeps the "tradition" ongoing.

wich statement is true?
A) most stars are main sequence
B) very few stars are main sequence stars
C) no stars have made it to the main sequence
D) all stars have made it to the main sequence

Answers

The best answer is A.
About 90% of stars are main sequence.
Final answer:

Most stars are main sequence stars as they spend about 90% of their lifetimes in this phase, which is confirmed by H-R diagram observations.

A is correct

Explanation:

The correct statement regarding the main sequence stars is: A) most stars are main sequence stars. Astronomical data confirms that about 90% of the stars observed in the sky are on the main sequence of an H-R diagram, which makes sense considering that stars spend the majority of their life in this phase, undergoing hydrogen fusion.

This is evidenced by the fact that stars are found in various spectral types ranging from O (most massive and most luminous) to M or L (least massive and least luminous) all aligned along the main sequence, representing different stellar masses.

Science Investigatory Project
Title: The Effectiveness of Citronella as An active ingredient in Mosquito Repellant Soap
give 1 page of introduction and background
give the statement of the problem,formulation of the hypothesis,significance of the study,Scope and delimination of the study, and definition of terms

Answers

 Oil of citronella comes from the lemongrass plant as an extract. As well as for perfume, it  has been found to be an effective repellant to mosquitoes and some other insects like lice. Research has confirmed its' mosquitoe repellant properties. It can also be effective in repelling Aedes aegypti or the dengue fever mosquito.).For maximum effectiveness it needs to be re-applied to the skin every 30-60 minutes. The US EPA confirms that oil of citronella has negligible or nil toxicity in use as a topical insect repellant, and no adverse effects when studied over a 60 year period. if label instructions are followed it is considered safe to people, including children. Citronella is native to tropical regions of Central and South America. The annual world production of oil of citronella is about 4000 tonnes.
The problem could be formulated to determine if oil of citronella ie effective as an insect repellant. The hypothesis would be that when oil of citronella is applied to the human skin, it can effectively repel mosquitoes. Studies have shown that oil of citronella repels mosquitoes and other insects rather than killing them. It was found from studies that it masks scents attractive to insects. As a result, the insects find it hard to find their target to feed on its' blood. Citronella oil is an essential oil extracted from the leaves and stems of  different species of Cymbopogon (lemonrass). 
The significance of these studies is to show that oil of citronella is mostly benign to the skin and also provides an effective repellant to insects including mosquitoes for a 30-60 minute period, thus providing relief to people such as geologists who work in mosquito infested areas like the Canadian Barren Grounds. The scope of these studies was to test for the repellancy of this natural product on key insects such as mosquitoes and lice. The delimination of the study was to mainly apply the oil to human skin and then introduce the mosquitoes and note their reaction to the oil. The term is mainly the definition of the oil above. 

 


Which of the following levels of classification is the least specific?
Domain
Kingdom
Class
Species

Answers

Answer:

The domain is the least specific level of classification.

Explanation:

The levels of classification for life, or taxonomic rank, ordered from least specific to most specific, are:

DomainKingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies

We can remember the sequence of these terms using a mnemonic device (a memorable sentence, in which the first letter for each word corresponds with a level):

Did King Philip come over for gremlin soup?

Domains

There three domains are:

BacteriaArcheaEukarya

Bacteria and archea are both prokaryotes, meaning they do not have a membrane-bound nucleus.

Eurkarya, which includes the animal kingdom (and thus the human species), have a membrane-bound nucleus.

Final answer:

In biological taxonomy, the 'Domain' is the least specific level of classification. It covers a broad range of organisms, while 'Species' is the most specific level, referring to a certain kind of organism.

Explanation:

The least specific level of classification in biological taxonomy is Domain. Here's an explanation to help you understand:

Biology classifies all living things using a hierarchical system starting with the broadest categories and ending with the most specific. The order from least specific (broadest) to most specific (narrowest) is: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species. So, a Domain includes a large number of different organisms, while Species refers to a specific type of organism. For example, in the 'Domain' category, you might have 'Eukarya' which covers all organisms with eukaryotic cells, including plants, animals, fungi, and protists. But in the 'Species' level, you get to a specific type, like 'Homo sapiens' (human beings).

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differentiate between solving a problem with science and a problem without science

Answers

Solving problems with science means that to solve the problem the scientific method is used. This method includes observing, research, hypothesis , test and conclusion with a help of lot high level theory.

Without science there is not strict process to follow in order to resolve the problem end get to a solution.

Answer:

If your using science to sovle problems that means you used scientific method like testing, conclusions, or hypothesis

Explanation:

Solving problems with science means that to solve the problem the scientific method is used. This method includes observing, research, hypothesis , test and conclusion with a help of lot high level theory.

Without science there is not strict process to follow in order to resolve the problem end get to a solution.

Which of these statements best describes the relationship between matter, pure substances, and mixtures?

A. Pure substances can be divided into two groups; matter and mixtures.
B. Matter can be divided into two groups; pure substances and mixtures.
C. Mixtures and matter are two of many different types of pure substances.
D. Pure substances and matter are two of many different types of mixtures.

Answers

A, i think, not too sure 

If we know what type of rock we are examining, we can figure out

how much it weighs
how hard it is
how it was formed
where it was formed

Answers

How it was formed is the answer

A ________ is a model that imitates a real-world situation. What goes in the blank? Please help.

Answers

A simulation is a model that imitates a real-world situation. 

The idea that all living things are made up of cells is considered scientific law. This means the idea

Answers

The idea that all living things are made up of cells is considered scientific law. This means the idea is supported by scientific consensus and a large amount of evidence. The correct option among all the options that are given in the question is the third option or option "C". I hope that the answer helped you.
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