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What your cells have to help overcome a problem of high activation energy are called enzymes. Enzymes are proteins that lower the activation energy of a reaction. In doing this, enzymes increase the rate of a reaction, helping it to occur faster. However, enzymes are not consumed in a reaction; they simply help it to occur.

Enzymes make things easier for your cells to work properly and help chemical reactions occur. There are hundreds of different kinds of enzymes in your cells, which all participate in different types of reactions. Enzymes can break molecules apart, build or add molecules, and even rearrange them.

In lowering the activation energy of a reaction, enzymes decrease the barrier to starting a reaction. It's important to note, however, that the change in energy remains the same between the start and end of a chemical reaction.

Enzymes are catalysts, they decrease activation energy to speed up reactions

the answer is neurotransmitters

neurotransmitters cause the transfer of an impulse from one nerve fiber to another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or some other structure.

Answer:

1-Carbon dioxide reacts with five carbon compound.

2-Formation of an unstable 6-carbon compound.

3-Formation of a stable 3-carbon compound.

4-Use of ATP to from a high energy 3-carbon compound.

5-Formation of glucose, which leaves the chloroplast.

6-Use of enzyme and ATP to from 5-carbon compound.  

Explanation:

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Answer: The answer is D: a digestive system with a single opening.

Cnidarians and flatworms have a digestive system with a single opening.

Explanation: Cnidarians are species of aquatic animals. They are mostly marine organisms that live in both marine and freshwater where they get food. Their respiration and digestion takes place through one orifice and a body cavity.

Flatworms are simple soft-bodied invertebrate animals. Their bodies are not divided into segments.  Flatworms depend on a large surface in order to allow oxygen and nutrition to diffuse into their bodies. They have a digestive system with a single opening. Their habitation are  in marine, freshwater, and damp terrestrial environments.

Flatworms and cnidarians both have a digestive system with a single opening, hence option D is correct.

Aquatic animal species include cnidarians. They are mostly marine species that feed on both freshwater and saltwater. Through one orifice and a bodily cavity, they breathe and digest food.

Simple soft-bodied invertebrates with flat bodies are flatworms. There are no separate parts to their bodies.  For oxygen and food to permeate into the bodies of flatworms, a sizable surface is necessary.

They have a single entrance in their digestive system. They live in areas with saltwater, freshwater, and moist land.

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B) Leech. Parasitism is when one organism benefits off another while that organism is harmed. Another example of parasitism is a flea on a dog or cat.

Answer:

B) leech

Explanation:

The feeding adaptations of leech best represents parasitic way of life. Leeches are invertebrate animals and the phylum to which they belong is Annelida and their subclass is Hirudinea. Leeches have an anticoagulant named as heparin which they inject in the body of the host on which they feed upon. Heparin does not let the blood of the host coagulate and in this way they keep sucking the blood of host organism. Leeches are parasitic because they get benefited out of the host without benefiting the host by any means.

i believe its b, dry and sandy

The answer is D.) because it has to be, because if the criniod swept onto shore it has to shallow

E) All of the answers are correct.

Ion channels are proteins located in the membrane that allow ions to pass through the channel pore. Ion channels can be classified (by what opens and closes the channels) into few groups:

• Voltage-gated channels-open and close in response to membrane potential

Examples: Voltage-gated proton channels, Voltage-gated sodium channels, Voltage-gated potassium channels

• Ligand-gated (neurotransmitter) or ionotropic receptors (ligand binds to extracellular domain of the receptor

Examples: "nicotinic" Acetylcholine receptor, ionotropic glutamate-gated receptors

• Lipid-gated- lipid molecules bind to the  transmembrane domain of the channel

Example: Inward-rectifier potassium channels

• Light-gated channels-like rhodopsin channel that is directly opened by photons

• Mechanosensitive (e.g. stretch, pressure) ion channels.

It shows lack of precision due to a physical obstacle like shaky arms.

Answer:

Lack of​ precision

Explanation:

Precision is a term used to describe a situation that is close to a correct measurement, but does not correctly measure that measurement. In addition, for a situation to be precise, it is necessary that this situation be repeated and that every repetition shows the same result.

If a situation is repeated and shows different results, it means that this situation is lacking in precision. An example of this can be seen in the question above where a sniper shoots towards a target, does not hit the target and his shots hit places with different distances. You can see a representation of this in the figure below.

The catalytic converter

Catalytic converters, preheated to maximize their efficiency, are the devices used to clean exhaust gases in cars by converting carbon compounds to carbon dioxide and reducing nitrogen oxides.

The device used to clean exhaust gases before they exit the car's tailpipe is called a catalytic converter. Catalytic converters are used in automobiles to reduce the amount of toxic emissions produced by burning gasoline in internal combustion engines.

They work by utilizing a carefully selected blend of catalytically active metals to effect complete combustion of all carbon-containing compounds to carbon dioxide while also reducing the output of nitrogen oxides. This is achieved through two processes, one that involves adding more oxygen to the molecule and the other that removes it.

To maximize efficiency, most catalytic converters are preheated by an electric heater even before the automobile exhaust is hot enough, ensuring that the metals in the catalyst are fully active and able to perform the necessary reactions.

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***see attached pic***

Final answer:

Frost wedging, also known as freeze-thaw weathering, is the type of physical weathering caused when water freezes in the cracks of rocks, expanding and breaking the rock apart.

Explanation:

The type of physical weathering caused by the expansion of water is called frost wedging or freeze-thaw weathering. This occurs when water permeates cracks in rock or soil and then freezes, expanding and exerting a force that can fragment the rock. In the broader context of thermal stress, many materials, including water, expand when heated and contract when cooled. Water is unique in that it expands upon freezing, which is essential to the process of freeze-thaw weathering.

Examples of thermal stress impacts include roadways buckling due to a lack of sufficient expansion joints, and biological cells rupturing when foods are frozen. Conversely, large forces can result if materials that tend to expand on heating are restrained, potentially causing them to deform or break their container.

Global warming leads to higher temperatures which can cause plants to lose CO₂ faster and close their stomata to conserve water, impacting photosynthesis negatively. Drought conditions, increasing respiration rates, and less water for NADPH formation further compound these effects. Overall, climate change presents complex challenges to the photosynthesis process and ecosystem health.

Global warming affects photosynthesis in multiple ways. With an average temperature increase of 3-5°C, as expected due to global warming, photosynthesis may be affected due to the balance of photosynthesis and respiration in plants. While initial growth enhancement is predicted due to plants acclimating to warmer temperatures, factors such as an increase in respiration rates, especially under conditions of drought and stress, may diminish this benefit.

Moreover, plants may lose CO₂ more rapidly as gases diffuse faster in higher temperatures. On hot, dry days, plants conserve water by closing their stomata, which also reduces CO₂ intake, potentially slowing the Calvin cycle and affecting the photosynthesis process negatively. Additionally, with less water available, the formation of NADPH, crucial for photosynthesis, may also be impeded.

The increased concentration of carbon dioxide due to the greenhouse effect and the reduction of forests, which plays a role in removing CO₂ from the atmosphere, also contribute to the complexity of the impact on photosynthesis in the face of global climate change. These changes in global climate carry mixed effects on plant growth and agriculture, influencing not only photosynthesis but also the overall health of ecosystems.

But carnivorous plants often live in "awful", nutrient-poor places. In other words, very nutrient scarce environments where they're very boggy, so most of the nutrients have probably been leached away by water. As a result, the soil is so poor that many of those trace elements that keep plants growing normally, just aren't available in appreciable amounts. So the plants need to look to the air to obtain that nutrition and they do it by catching insects because if they catch an insect, insects have got lots of iron, they've got lots of proteins, they've got lots of other micronutrients in them that the plants have adapted and evolved to make use of, and to supplement the poor source of things that are coming in through the soil.

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Tissues make up organs

Answer: organs

Explanation: If we take into consideration the structure of the human body we can say that the cells are the smallest biological units. A combination of cells form tissue. The different organs of the body are made of tissue and a group of organs is an organ system. So, a structure made up by a combination of tissues is an organ.

Meiosis. But more specifically: Anaphase I.

I think you meant ALS

I think this statement is true.

But recent discoveries, have brought to light new human remains (some of the oldest) in Morocco, on the "other side of Sahara".

Answer:

The population of big fish would increase.

Explanation:

As small fish increase, more food for bigger fish will increase, so bigger fish will naturally navigate to the lake.

The correct answer is - D- for the feature they blow from.

The breezes have all sorts of names, most of which tend to be derived from the feature they flow from. Lot of winds are named after the side of the world that they come from, so there's easterlies, westerlies, northern winds, southern winds. Some are maned after a river, as they flow along side it, like Vardarec. Some may be named after a mountain, or just have a name similar to a mountain, like mountain wind, forest wind, gorski vetrec.

Some winds, on the other hand, have names that describe their force, especially that goes for the strong ones, like bura along the Croatian coast on the Adriatic Sea.

Thinner outer layer

Answer:

thicker inner layer

Explanation:

The dermis is the thickest layer of the skin that is found below the epidermis and above the hypodermis and it gives strength to the skin. Also, it provides protection against trauma. According to this, the answer is that the dermis is the thicker inner layer of the skin.

The correct answer is: C) shortening of microtubules

Chromosome movement is possible thanks to changes in microtubule length. Several types of microtubules are involved. First, during the anaphase kinetochore microtubules shorten and consequently the chromosomes move toward the spindle poles. Then the astral microtubules that are anchored to the cell membrane pull the poles further apart. At the end of anaphase, the interpolar microtubules slide past each other and that additionaly separate the chromosomes.

In mitosis and cell division, the movement of chromosomes during anaphase would mainly be affected by a drug that prevents the shortening of microtubules as they are responsible for the movement of chromosomes to the cell poles.

The movement of chromosomes during anaphase during mitosis and cell division would be most affected by a drug that prevents the shortening of microtubules (option C).

During anaphase, sister chromatids separate and move towards the opposite poles of the cell. This process is facilitated by the shortening of microtubules which are attached to the kinetochores of the sister chromatids, pulling them apart.

If a drug prevented this shortening, the chromosomes would have difficulty separating and moving to the cell poles during anaphase.

The movement of chromosomes during anaphase in mitosis is primarily facilitated by the shortening of microtubules. During anaphase, the microtubules attached to the kinetochores of the chromosomes pull them towards opposite poles of the cell. If a drug prevents the shortening of microtubules, it would impair the movement of chromosomes and lead to abnormal cell division.

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where the abcd at idk but here some help

Typically, the goal of PCR is to make enough of the target DNA region that it can be ... by gel electrophoresis, or cloned into a plasmid for further experiments. ... are used in each PCR reaction, and they are designed so that they flank the target .... copies of a DNA sequence that we can see or manipulate that region of DNA.

For example, it might be a gene whose function a researcher wants to ... Typically, the goal of PCR is to make enough of the target DNA region that it ... Like other DNA polymerases, Taq polymerase can only make DNA if it's ... determines the region of DNA that will be copied, or amplified, by the primers she or he chooses.

1. After 10 cycles, there would be 1024 DNA molecules, after 20 cycles there would be 524288 molecules, and after 30 cycles there would be 536,870,912 molecules. 2. The amplified DNA strands have the same sequence as the original DNA strands, but the length is different. 3. After 30 cycles, only approximately 0.0000015% of the DNA in the test tube would be like the original DNA strand.

1. The number of double-stranded DNA molecules after each cycle of amplification in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be calculated by multiplying the number of molecules from the previous cycle by 2. In this case, after 3 cycles, there are 8 molecules. So, after 10 cycles, there would be 8 x 2⁷ molecules (2 raised to the power of 7) which is equal to 1024 molecules. Similarly, after 20 cycles, there would be 8 x 2¹⁹ molecules which is equal to 524288 molecules, and after 30 cycles, there would be 8 x 2²⁹ molecules which is equal to 536,870,912 molecules.

2. The amplified DNA strands would have the same sequence as the original DNA strands since PCR duplicates the DNA template. However, the length of the amplified DNA strands would be different, as each cycle of amplification doubles the number of DNA molecules.

3. After 30 cycles, only a fraction of the DNA in the test tube would be like the original DNA strand. To calculate the percentage, we can divide the number of molecules of the original DNA strand (8) by the total number of molecules after 30 cycles (536,870,912) and multiply by 100. This would result in approximately 0.0000015% of the DNA being like the original DNA strand. The remaining 99.9999985% would be similar to the target segment.

PCR requires two primers, one for each strand of the original DNA, to target the specific region of interest. Using only one primer would not allow specific amplification of the target DNA, as the polymerase would randomly bind to any available single-stranded DNA molecule and amplify it.

4. When primers complement each other and create a DNA product, it becomes challenging to distinguish between the DNA that originated from the target DNA and the DNA created through primer complementation. This can lead to false amplification results and difficulties in accurately determining the amplification of the target DNA.

5. To ensure that only the DNA product from the target DNA is observed, you can add a control sample that lacks the target DNA. This control sample should contain all the PCR components, including the primers, except for the target DNA. By comparing the amplification results of the control sample with the target DNA sample, you can confirm that the DNA product observed is specific to the target DNA.

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Osteoarthritis is also known as degenerative joint disease. Rheumatoid arthritis on the other hand, is an autoimmune disease in which your own immune system attacks your own tissues, in this case, your joints. This causes chronic inflammation, painful swelling, and and can lead to joint deformity.

Answer:

Because the immune system considers the healthy tissue to be a foreign invader, every time the body regenerates the tissue, it will attack it again. Over time, there is greater tissue loss, which causes symptoms to worsen.

Explanation:

PLATO answer

The five major classes of the artropods are:

- Insects;

Ex: ants; locusts;

Can be eaten. They contain lot of protein, and are easy to digest, especially if cooked.

- Crustaceans;

Ex: crabs; shrimps.

Can be eaten. They are a very popular dish around the world. the human body digests them without any problem, and they are very healthy.

- Centipedes;

Ex: scolopendra; stone centipedes;

Can not be eaten. They contain strong toxins and chemicals that the human body can not process.

- Millipedes;

Ex: julida; polydesmida;

Can not be eaten. As the centipedes, they too contain toxins and chemicals that are not good for the human body.

- Arachnids;

Ex: tarantula; wold spider;

Can be eaten. When cooked, they are easy to digest, and in general the human digestive system doesn't have problems with them.

Your answer would be C. Chordata.

The phylum Chordata includes both invertebrate and vertebrate groups.  The correct answer is C.

Chordates are characterized by the presence of a notochord, a hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post A tail at some stage of their development.

Therefore, the correct option is C.

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Answer:

Coracobrachialis  is the first muscle that gets innervation. it is involved in the flexing of shoulder and its adducts at the glenohumeral point. It does not cross elbow joint that's why it has no function there.

Brachialis is the essential versatile flexor of elbow joint. It originates at the upper arm almost mid of humerus, from the distal portion and inserts on ulna. that is why it can not have any kind of influence on shoulder.

The brachialis does not act on the shoulder because it is located deep to the biceps brachii and only provides power in flexing the forearm. Meanwhile, the Coracobrachialis is responsible for the flexion and adduction of the arm at the shoulder joint and doesn't extend to the elbow joint.

The reason why the brachialis does not act at the shoulder and the coracobrachialis does not act at the elbow joint is because of their location and function in the musculoskeletal system. The brachialis provides additional power in flexing the forearm and is located deep to the biceps brachii, meaning it doesn't cross the shoulder and therefore doesn't have a functional impact on that joint. Similarly, the coracobrachialis is responsible for the flexion and adduction of the arm at the shoulder joint, but it doesn't extend to or have a direct effect on the elbow joint.

It's important to note that muscles can only contract, so they occur in pairs. For instance, in the arm, the biceps brachii is a flexor and helps close the limb, while the triceps is an extensor that opens the limb.

In this configuration, which is typical of skeletal muscles, bones, and joints, each muscle has a specific role and area of operation based on its attachment to the skeleton and the functionalities it provides.

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The answer is d I hope this helps

Newton's third law is accurately described by 'For every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force,' illustrating the mutual interaction between two objects where forces are applied.

The correct answer that accurately describes Newton's third law is D: For every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force. This law highlights the interaction between two objects: when one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object simultaneously exerts a force back on the first object of equal magnitude but in the opposite direction.

Newton's third law can be observed in various everyday scenarios, such as when you push against a wall, the wall pushes back against you with the same force. This law is an essential principle in understanding the nature of forces and how they interact to produce motion or maintain the status quo.

Final answer:

During the gastrula stage of embryo development, the opening called the blastopore becomes the mouth in protostomes.

Explanation:

During the gastrula stage of embryo development, the cuplike opening, known as the blastopore, differentiates into either the mouth or anus, depending on the type of organism. In protostomes, this opening develops into the mouth, with the second opening becoming the anus. On the contrary, in deuterostomes, the blastopore becomes the anus, and the mouth develops at the opposite end of the gut. Given these patterns of development, the correct answer to the question, "During the gastrula stage of embryo development, the cuplike opening becomes the mouth in _[blank]_." is protostomes.

Because they think that they are too humble to kill hosts. They think, "We will let Steve Harvey live."