Proteins and nucleic acids both play vital roles in the structure and function of cells.

Part A: Describe the monomers that make up both macromolecules, in detail. (2 points)


Part B: Compare and contrast the functions of both proteins and nucleic acids in the cell. (2 points)

PLEASE HELP ME

Answers

Answer 1
hi i can only answer A ( this was unit one for me and it was a long time ago lol)

A) proteins are made of the monomer amino acids. to describe it you can talk about how the amino acids are formed. DNA - mRNA( transcription) mRNA- amino acids ( translation) AKA central dogma. and then you could talk about how those amino acids form the 4 different protein structures ( primary , secondary , tertiary, quaternary)
Nucleic acids are made of the monomer nucleotides (cytosine (C), thymine (T), adenine (A), guanine (G)) and this is basically DNA. OR- cytosine (C), uracil (U), adenine (A), guanine (G) which is basically RNA.


Related Questions

how does acid deposition impact aquatic environments?

a. fish do not often die but they do become too full of toxins to be consumed by humans.

b. aquatic environments become temporarily lifeless while new species of fish who can tolerate the acid deposition replenish the stock.

c.fish that absorb the chemicals either die, become sterile or produce mutated offspring, and are too full of mercury to eat.

d. aquatic environments are not directly impacted by acid deposition.

Answers

Your correct answer will be. C. fish that absorb the chemicals either die, become sterile or produce mutated offspring, and are too full of mercury to eat. Because, effects of the acid rain are most clearly seen in aquatic environments, such as streams, lakes, and marshes where it can be harmful to fish and other wildlife.

hope this helps others that come to this question.

Acid deposition impacts aquatic environments because fish that absorb the chemicals either die become sterile. Also, they produce mutated offspring and are too full of mercury to eat.

Further Explanation:

Acid rain includes all types of precipitation with acidic content with a pH value of less than 7. These types of precipitation are harmful to aquatic animals and their infrastructure. Acid rain is the result of the reaction of Sulfur dioxide and Nitrogen oxide with water molecules present in the atmosphere.

Acid deposition is referred to all kinds of precipitation, smog, fog, and mist that have acidic content in it. Deposition can be dry or wet, but in all states, it is hazardous for the environment. The deposition generally has a pH value of less than four and can have pH value as a minimum of 1.5. Sulphuric acid and Nitric acid are two components generally found in the deposition. These acids clog the gills of fish and cause chronic stress. Also, the calcium level because of the acid is lowered and therefore, they are not able to produce the egg.

Learn more:

1. Learn more about abiotic factor https://brainly.com/question/1561256

2. Learn more about cellular respiration https://brainly.com/question/8900186

3. Learn more about primary and secondary succession https://brainly.com/question/4723069

Answer Details:

Grade: High School  

Subject: Biology

Chapter: Environmental studies

Keywords:

Sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide, water, deposition, minimum, molecule, acid rain, smog, fog, mist, precipitation, animal, aquatic environment, pH.

ASAP HELP
This Saudi Arabian man was the organizer of the September 11th attacks and was the head of the Al-Qaeda terrorist group.

Answers

Osama bin laden is the answer and i know its true because he coordinated 911
The answer is Osama bin Laden

Of the biomes listed below, which receives more annual precipitation than the others?A.desertB.arctic tundraC.temperate rainforestD.temperate grassland

Answers

Probably the rainforest, so C :) Hope this helps
It should be C. Temperate Rainforest

Because deserts have the least, then artic tundra then temperate grasslands and then finally rainforest.


Hope I helped

Please make me brainliest

ASAP PLZ!!!!! which of these organisms is most likely 50 meters in size?

A.bacteria

B.tree

C.lizard

D.ant

Answers

I believe it is B. A tree

Why does the code in dna need to be converted again into RNA before proteins can be made

Answers

because RNA is used for making proteins however DNA is used for genetic material So it needs to be converted so it can complete its task of creating proteins.

which statement best defines a cell

Answers

the smallest unit that has the basics of life
the smallest structural and functional unit of a living organism

how would the ecosystem be affected if your top predators were hunted to extinction

Answers

I think it would make things unbalanced, The things they hunted would mass produce and cause havoc. The circle of life reigns true i believe with all living and breathing things. I wish humans would mind their own, and not be greedy. Live and let die

which group of plants lacks true roots, stems, and leaves?

Answers

Examples include mosses and ferns. Mosses lack true roots, stems, and leaves. They can reproduce by means of spores. Liverworts lack true roots, stems, and leaves.

Answer:

Bryophytes (LIverworts, hornworts, and mosses) lack true roots, stems, and leaves.

Explanation:

The bryophyte is slightly differentiated, but they do not have true roots, stems, and leaves. The rhizoids are something similar to roots bryophytes have in their plant bodies.

The main plant body of the bryophytes is more like a thallus. Bryophytes are spore-producing plants that do not have vascular tissue.

Hence, bryophytes are the plants lack true roots, stem, and leaves.

How can the rate of a reaction be increased?

A- lowering the temperature

B- decreasing the amount of reactants

C- having less surface area

D- adding a catalyst

Answers

HI there!

This Answer Can Easily Be Found By Analyzing What Increases the reaction rate.Several factors can increase the rate of a chemical reaction. In general, anything that increases the number of collisions between particles will increase the reaction rate, and anything that decreases the number of collisions between particles will decrease the chemical reaction rate.

INCREASE THE CONCENTRATION OF THE REACTANTS

A higher concentration of reactants leads to more collisions per unit time and leads to an increasing reaction rate.

INCREASE THE PRESSURE OF GASEOUS REACTANTS

Changing the pressure of gaseous reactants is, in effect, changing their concentration. The increased number of collisions caused by a higher pressure generally increases the reaction rate.

DECREASE THE PARTICLE SIZE OF SOLID REACTANTS

Reaction depends on collisions. If a reactant is a solid, grinding it into smaller particles will increase the surface area. The more surface area on which collisions can occur, the faster the reaction.

INCREASE THE TEMPERATURE  

Usually, an increase in temperature causes an increase in the reaction rate. A higher temperature means that the molecules have a higher average kinetic energy and more collisions per unit time. It also increases the number of collisions that have enough energy to cause a reaction to take place.

CHANGE THE SOLVENT

The rate of a chemical reaction depends on the medium in which the reaction occurs. The reaction may go faster in an aqueous solution than in an organic solvent or in a more polar solvent.

ADD A CATALYST

Catalysts lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction and increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. They do this by an alternative mechanism that has a lower activation energy.

Analyzing the answers Given from A-C These answer have something to do with Decreasing. By decreasing The Temperature,Amount of reactants, And having less surface area will only Decrease our reaction rate.

Having this In mind, Our Correct answer is D

Hope this has Helped

-Adan


Answer:

The Answer is D

Explanation:

I did the test please tell me if I am wrong :)

Leonard designed a parallel circuit to light two lightbulbs. But his circuit doesn’t work. Which two items in the circuit must be addressed for the lightbulbs to light as planned?

Answers

There must be 2 resistors for the two lightbulbs and an indicator bulb!

what is a concentration gradient? what does it mean if a molecule diffuses down it's concentration gradient?

Answers

Final answer:

A concentration gradient refers to the difference in the amount of a substance from one area to another. When molecules diffuse down this gradient, they move from a high concentration zone to a lower concentration zone until they spread out evenly, achieving equilibrium.

Explanation:

A concentration gradient in biology refers to the variation in the concentration of a substance within a specific area. This gradient is established when there is a difference in the amount of molecules or ions between two regions. Molecules move from an area where they are in higher concentration to regions of lower concentration, a process known as diffusion.

When a molecule diffuses down its concentration gradient, it moves from an area of high concentration to one of lower concentration. This is a passive process that doesn't require any energy as the molecules are simply spreading out to equalize their concentration. This diffusion continues until the substance is evenly distributed, or equilibrium is achieved, thus eliminating the concentration gradient.

Therefore, the phrase 'diffusing down a concentration gradient' means essentially the same as 'moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration'. Examples of this process include the movement of oxygen molecules from your lungs to your blood and the diffusion of nutrients across a cell's membrane.

Learn more about Concentration Gradient here:

https://brainly.com/question/35962847

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Alcoholic fermentation

A. forms fewer ATP molecules than cellular respiration
B. uses oxygen and ATP molecules as reactants
C. occurs in the muscle cells of animals and humans
D. gives off carbon dioxide and NADH as products

Answers

The answer is A. "forms fewer ATP molecules than cellular respiration" 

Answer:

Option (A).

Explanation:

Alcoholic fermentation may be defined as the biological metabolism that converts the glucose and other sugars into the ATP and ethanol as by product.

The alcoholic fermentation yield less molecules than the aerobic respiration. Only 2 molecules are produced in the alcoholic fermentation whereas 32 molecules of ATP are produced in aerobic respiration. Carbon dioxide is also released in the alcoholic fermentation.

Thus, the correct answer is option (A).  

What can a fossil tell you?
What can a fossil tell us about a rock?

Answers

By studying the fossil record we can tell how long life has existed on Earth, and how different plants and animals are related to each other. Often we can work out how and where they lived, and use this information to find out about ancient environments. Fossils can tell us a lot about the past.

Some animals and plant are only known to us as fossils. By studying the fossil record we can tell how long life has existed on Earth, and how different plants and animals are related to each other. Often we can work out how and where they lived, and use this information to find out about ancient environments.

In order from left to right, to which groups do the chromosomes shown belong?
What is the answer?

Answers

it is to the Karyotyping group.

Answer: D

Explanation:

These chromosomes in anyone's DNA would belong to a NORMAL human.

Which of these creates a nonbiological impact on coral reefs ?

Answers

Humans creates a nonbiological impact on coral reefs.

What are coral reefs?

A coral reef is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals. Reefs are formed of colonies of coral polyps held together by calcium carbonate. Most coral reefs are built from stony corals, whose polyps cluster in groups.

Moreover, coral reefs are under relentless stress from myriad global and local issues, including climate change, declining water quality, overfishing, pollution and unsustainable coastal development.

Therefore, reef corals build homes for millions of species of marine life, they support healthy ocean food webs, and they protect our coastlines.

Learn more about coral reef:

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What are the advantages of having specialized cells? Are there any disadvantages? Explain your answer.

Answers

Having specialized cells means your cells have the potential to become much more complex. They can lead to having complex tissues/organs/organ systems and the categorization of tasks because you're compartmentalizing and dividing the work up within the organism. This means that while some cells can take care of survival tasks, other cells can allow for growth and development of the organism as a whole. In organisms with even more specialized cells, this is seen more! The more specialized the cells, the more complex the organism, and the more the potential for development. You can see this in eukaryotes vs. bacteria, animals vs. plants, even mammals vs. reptiles. Monkeys are much more complex than lizards. Most people would agree that humans are the most complex (they're not "better" they just have more specialized cells). 

Disadvantages: 
A lot of energy is invested in specialization of cells. 
Bacteria, Archer, some protests, etc, don't have specialized cells so they can devote a lot more energy to survival and reproduction. For example bacteria are really, really abundant. They have the highest population out of all the organisms in the world. 

The advantages of having specialized cells include:

The cells become complex and perform specific functionsThere are different tasks which each cell performsIt leads to greater development

The disadvantages of having specialized cells are:

There is need for continuous energy to be usedThe cells cannot survive on their own as they are dependent on each other, etc.

Cell differentiation is the process of cells going from simple cells into more complex ones as their functions change and they become independent of each other.

Read more here:

https://brainly.com/question/20110813

Why doesn’t a 100 year old tree have just an epidermis on its surface

Answers

A 100 year old tree doesn't have just an epidermis on its surface because as the tree grew, it may have developed secondary growth in the stem, forcing other tissue types to the exterior. The tree may also have sustained injuries exposing the interior tissues.

In a hydroelectric power plant, water is stored high above a turbine. As it falls, the water spins the turbine blades to generate electricity. Which form of energy does the stored water have?



elastic potential energy
gravitational potential energy
radiant energy
vibrational energy

Answers

Answer:

Gravitational potential energy.

Explanation:

^_^

What is the function of the Aequorin protein?

Answers

The Aequorin protein is part of the bioluminescent that is a bit different from the norm. It was studied that biolumninescents didn't require oxygen. With the Aequorin, it was found to stably coelenterazine and oxygen; required for it to regenerate and be active. The way that it produces the classic bioluminescent light is when it reacts with Ca2+photoproteins. This is mainly seen within the Aequorin jellyfish.

the process by which the lens adjusts its shape to focus images at various distances on the retine is called ____

Answers

The process by which the lens adjusts its shape to focus images at various distances on the retina is called accommodation.
Accommodation is the process of adjustment of anything, which in this case refers to the lens adjusting in order to provide you with closer or farther images of whatever it is you are watching or observing. 

Answer:

accommodation

Explanation:

What are some of the problems of using fossil fuels?

Answers

They Are Not Reusable , And They Cause Pollution 
Hope This Helps!

Answer:

The problems of using fossil fuels are discussed below.

Explanation:

The problems of using fossil fuels are such as

The lowest energy density of any fossil fuels.High coal cost in transportation due to the bulk of coal.Coal dust is one of the extreme explosion hazards.Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide.It releases dangerous and harmful products by combustion.

Over the past 60 years, the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been continually increasing. Many scientists hypothesize that this increase has led to an imbalance in the carbon cycle and a climatic trend known as global warming.

In which of the following ways could humans help the carbon cycle return to normal?

Answers

Use different sources of energy such as wind, sun, and water

Answer: Scientists at the Mauna Loa observatory in Hawaii say that CO2 levels in the atmosphere now stand at 387 parts per million (ppm), up almost 40% since the industrial revolution and the highest for at least the last 650,000 years.

In the process of Meiosis, chromosomes begin to matxh up in homologous pairs. How would you know if two chromosomes were homologous?

Answers

The size and position of their centres are the same for homologous Chromosomes

What is one major function of the endomembrane system? producing and storing energy, transporting subtances in a cell, manufacturing proteins,directing the cells activites

Answers

One major function of the endomembrane system is transporting substances in and out of a cell.

Which is internal stimulus?
A. an increase in moisture
B. feelings of hunger
C. number of hours of daylight
D. the temperature at night

Answers

Your answer is B. feeling of hunger

Hope that helps
the answer is B. feelings of hunger

This type of physical weathering occurs in places where there is a large change in daily temperatures, and it can lead to the significant stress on the outer layers of the rocks.

Answers

Weathering is process in which the rock breaks down into due to physical and chemical processes. It leads to wearing and tearing in the rocks. Weathering can be of three types physical weathering, chemical weathering and biological weathering.
Thermal stress  weathering or insolation weathering occurs in places where there is a large change in daily temperatures. It causes the peeling off of the outer layer of the rocks.

the answer to the question is thermal expansion

HELP FILL IN THE BLANK PLEASE.
Skeletal muscles are _____ formed by skeletal muscle tissue, and the tissue is made up of skeletal muscle ______.
A.)cells; organs
B.)organs; cells
C.)cells; organ systems
D.)organ systems; cells

Answers

Final answer:

Skeletal muscles are organs made of skeletal muscle cells, which possess the unique feature of contractility, allowing for voluntary movement and locomotion; they also assist in regulating body temperature.

Explanation:

Skeletal muscles are organs formed by skeletal muscle tissue, and the tissue is made up of skeletal muscle cells. Skeletal muscle tissue is a type of muscle tissue that has the unique ability to contract, or become shorter, enabling the body to move. This tissue is composed of long and cylindrical cells known as myocytes, which are multinucleate (having multiple nuclei). These cells exhibit a striated appearance under a microscope, revealing a regular alignment of the contractile proteins actin and myosin that are responsible for muscle contraction.

Additionally, skeletal muscle tissue is connected to bones, sometimes to the skin, and controls voluntary movement and locomotion. It is called voluntary muscle because it can be controlled consciously. The importance of skeletal muscles extends beyond movement, as they also participate in thermal homeostasis through the generation of heat, especially noticeable when shivering occurs in response to cold temperatures.

6 steps of photosynthesis

Answers

Step 1-Light DependentCO2 and H2O enter the leafStep 2- Light DependentLight hits the pigment in the membrane of a thylakoid, splitting the H2O into O2Step 3- Light DependentThe electrons move down to enzymesStep 4-Light DependentSunlight hits the second pigment molecule allowing the enzymes to convert ADP to ATP and NADP+ gets converted to NADPHStep 5-Light independentThe ATP and NADPH is used by the calvin cycle as a power source for converting carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into simple sugar glucose.Step 6-Light independentThe calvin cycle converts 3CO2 molecules from the atmosphere to glucose
STEP 1. light dependent. CO2 and H2O enter the leaf
STEP 2. light dependent. light hits the pigment in the membrane of a thylakoid, splitting the H2O into O2
STEP 3. light dependent. the electrons move down to enzymes.
STEP 4. light dependent. sunlight hits the second pigment molecule allowing the enzymes to convert ADP to ATP and NADP+ gets converted to NADPH
STEP 5. light independent. the ATP and NADPH is used by the calvin cycle as a power souce for converting carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into simple sugar glucose
STEP 6. light independent. the calvin cycle converts 3CO2 molecules from yhe atmosphere to glucose.
HOPE THIS HELPS!

why can't an organism survive with just fermentation

Answers

An organism may not be able to survive on just fermentation because the fermentation process does not produce very much energy. If an organism were to be able to survive on fermentation alone, the organism would have to be extremely small.

Suggest why there are fewer shire horses today

Answers

Technology is one reason why the shire horse is in decline. With the main job that they did being farmwork, and many of these tasks being taken over by mechanized means, the number of breeders of these horses has declined and the number of horses therefore available has dipped, as well.

Final answer:

The decline in the number of shire horses today can be attributed to the mechanization of farming, urbanization, and the preference for other horse breeds.

Explanation:

The decline in the number of shire horses today can be attributed to several factors. One reason is the mechanization of farming, which has reduced the need for horses in agricultural work. Additionally, the shift towards more urbanized areas has led to a decline in demand for horses in transportation. Lastly, the breeding of other horse breeds that are better suited for specific tasks, such as racing or show jumping, has reduced the popularity and population of shire horses.

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