Answer:
Natural Gas
Explanation:
Naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas are popularly referred to as natural gas or fossil gas. It components include majorly methane gas, other higher alkanes, little percentage of CO₂, N₂, H₂S (hydrogen sulfide) etc. They are produced as a result of exposure of plant and animal matter to intense heat and pressure under the surface of the Earth over millions of years.When fossil gas/natural gas are burned, they release no sulphur content and there is usually a higher net energy yield than other fossil fuels.
Natural gas is a non-renewable hydrocarbon used as a source of energy such as electric generation, fuels for vehicles etc due to their higher net energy yield.
In which set of elements would all members be expected to have very similar chemical properties? A) O, S, Se B) S, Se, Si C) Na, Mg, K D) Ne, Na, Mg E) N, O, F
Answer: option C) Na, Mg, K
Explanation:
Similar chemical properties are expressed by elements found in the same or close groups. There are Seven (7) groups in the Periodic table.
Of all the options, ONLY sodium Na, Magnesium Mg, and Potassium K, are located in closely together with SODIUM and MAGNESIUM being in the Same period, while SODIUM and POTASSIUM are placed in the same Group 1.
Therefore, Na, My, and K are most similar in chemical properties
Answer:
O,S,Se
Explanation:
If an atom has an electron configuration of 2.8.2, what will it be most likely to bond with? A. One fluorine atom B. Two chlorine atoms C. None of these D. One arsenic atom
Answer:
B. Two chlorine atoms
Explanation:
This electronic configuration shows that the given atom is magnesium.
Electronic configuration of magnesium:
Mg¹² = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s²
There are two valance electrons of magnesium that's why it would react with two atoms of chlorine. Chlorine is present in seventeen group. It has seven valance electrons. It required just one electron to get complete octet. While magnesium needed to lose two electrons to get complete octet. That's why two chlorine atoms bonded with one magnesium atom. Thus both would get complete octet.
Mg + Cl₂ → MgCl₂
When an antimicrobial agent permanently denatures proteins thus preventing renaturation to their native states it is considered: Select one: a. bacteriostatic b. bacterial lysis c. an inhibitor of growth d. bactericidal
Answer:
The correct option is d, bactericidal
Explanation:
Antimicrobial agent that kill bacteria are called bactericidal and hence, prevents the growth of bacteria.
Antimicrobial agent that slows the growth of the bacteria called bacteriostatic.
Bactericidal and bacteriostatic are types of antibiotics.
Bactericidal antibiotics act by inhibiting cell wall synthesis. Penicillin, cephalosporins, vanomycin, etc are some of bactericidal antibiotics.
Carbohydrate loading is used to __________. Carbohydrate loading is used to __________. oxidize lactic acid maximize glycogen storage reduce lactate accumulation maximize creatine phosphate storage
Carbohydrate loading, otherwise known as carb loading is the process of adjusting one's nutrition to maximize the amount of carbohydrate (in form of glycogen) stored in the body. It is a strategy that is usually utilized by athletes to increase endurance during competition and by healthcare professionals when prepping patients for some specific surgeries.
A typical carb loading regime requires increased intake of high-carb diets and temporary reduction in physical activities although this might not be the case at the initial stage depending on the type of carb loading. The different types that exist include;
Classic 6-day6-dayClassic 3-dayModified 3-day1-dayThe ultimate aim of carb-loading regime is to make more fuel (in the form of glycogen) available during exercises or athletic events.
The correct option is to maximize glycogen storage in the body.
Carbohydrate loading is a strategy used to maximize glycogen storage in muscles and liver, primarily used by endurance athletes to enhance performance. It doesn't oxidize lactic acid, reduce lactate accumulation, or maximize creatine phosphate storage.
Explanation:Carbohydrate loading is a strategy used by endurance athletes, such as marathon runners, to maximize the storage of glycogen in the muscles and liver. Glycogen is the main way the body stores glucose for later use. Its primary role is to provide energy for muscles during physical activity. Carbohydrate loading occurs when athletes increase the amount of carbohydrates in their diet and decrease exercise in the days leading up to an event. This process helps to maximize the body's energy reserves during endurance events to improve performance.
It's important to note that it doesn't oxidize lactic acid, reduce lactate accumulation or maximize creatine phosphate storage. These are related to different processes in the body. Oxidizing lactic acid and reducing lactate accumulation are associated with lactate threshold and aerobic/anaerobic metabolism, while maximizing creatine phosphate storage relates to the body's short-term anaerobic energy system.
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Do you know what each item in the central hazardous waste storage area is for?
Answer:
- Bucket liner: a second layer of protection in the hazardous waste containers; they should be sealed with a knot.
- Hazardous bucket label: identifies facility and waste information and must be placed on used hazardous waste containers.
- Zip-tie tags: these are used to close and label bucket liners.
- Chemical bags: plastic bags used to store hazardous waste. They have a zip-type closure and should only store one hazardous waste item.
- Hazardous waste management chart: a job aid which displays how to determine a spill category and how to store hazardous waste until it is picked up.
Explanation:
Hello,
Hazardous waste is a type of waste that could be harmful for the health or the environment . Such waste could exhibit the following threats: ignitability , reactivity , corrosivity and toxicity
Hazardous wastes may be found in gaseous, liquid or solid forms. They can not be disposed of by typical methods like other by-products of our daily life. Based on the physical state of the waste, treatment and solidification processes might be required.
For the given options on the attached picture, each items match as follows:
- Bucket liner: a second layer of protection in the hazardous waste containers; they should be sealed with a knot.
- Hazardous bucket label: identifies facility and waste information and must be placed on used hazardous waste containers.
- Zip-tie tags: these are used to close and label bucket liners.
- Chemical bags: plastic bags used to store hazardous waste. They have a zip-type closure and should only store one hazardous waste item.
- Hazardous waste management chart: a job aid which displays how to determine a spill category and how to store hazardous waste until it is picked up.
Best regards.
How many grams of sucrose would you add to water to make a total of 2.4 L of 14 % solution (mass per volume)? Make your answer's precision to one decimal place
Answer:
336.0 g
Explanation:
The definition of concentration by percentage in mass per volume can be expressed as:
% m/v = mass Sucrose (in g) / Volume of Solution (in mL) * 100
The problem gives us the concentration and the volume, so we solve for grams of sucrose:
2.4 L ⇒ 2.4 * 1000 = 2400 mL
14 % = mass Sucrose / 2400 mL * 100
mass Sucrose = 336.0 g
(b) Provide one set of acceptable quantum numbers for each of the valence electrons in sulfur.
Answer:
The valence electrons of sulphur are 3s2 3p4
Explanation:
The one set if quantum numbers for the 3s electrons
n=3, l=0, m=0, ms=±1/2
One set of quantum numbers for the valence electrons in 3p sublevel
n=3, l=1, m=-1,0,1, ms=±1/2
Explain how the charges of Group A metal and nonmetal ions are related to their positions in the periodic table.
Answer:
See explanation below
Explanation:
In the old nomenclature,.the periodic table is classified like this:
IA, IIA, IB, and such.
New nomenclature only name it like the number of columns the periodic table has, like group 1, 2, 3, 4 and so....
Now using the old nomenclature, the groups with the "A" are:
Group 1: group IA
Group 2: IIA
Group 13 - 18: IIIA - VIIIA
These last groups are the non metal elements.
Now according to this, the relation is pretty easy to explain. Any element of group IA, IIA or IIIA when they lose electrons for any reason, they will always form cations, in other words, positive charges, and the number of these charges is equal to their group number, for example, if you take Sodium (Na) which is in group IA, and lose electrons, it's ion is Na+1 (the plus 1, is equal to the number of it's group). Same thing happen with an element of group IIA like Calcium, when it loses electrons, it becomes Ca+2.
On the other hand, any element of group IVA through VIIIA, which are the non metals, the charge of it's respective ion, is always determined substracting 8 from the group where they are. For example, if we take Carbon, which is in group IVA (Group 14), if we substract 8 from 4, we'll have -4, so it's charge would be -4.
In the case of Fluorine (Group VIIA), if we substract 8 from 7, we have -1, so the charge of fluorine is -1.
This is the relation between the charges of group A metals and non metals ions.
Final answer:
The charges of Group A metals and nonmetals correlate with their group number in the periodic table because elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons, determining their ion charges.
Explanation:
The charges of Group A metal and nonmetal ions are related to their positions in the periodic table due to the consistent number of valence electrons in each group. For instance, all alkali metals in the first column have a +1 charge when they form ions, because they each have one valence electron they tend to lose. Similarly, alkaline earth metals in the second group have a +2 charge due to their two valence electrons. On the other side of the table, the halogens in the next-to-last column form ions with a -1 charge because they have seven valence electrons and need only one more to achieve a full octet. This pattern continues with elements moving closer to the noble gases gaining a larger negative charge equivalent to the number of groups they are located to the left of the noble gases. It's important to note that this trend is less predictive for transition metals, which can exhibit variable charges not directly predictable from their location on the periodic table.
Can someone help me with this ASAP
Answer:
Correct answer - B
Explanation:
Radioactive decay is the process of in which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting ionize particles and radiation transforming the parent nuclide atom into a different atom called daughter nuclide.
Nuclear equation that show the atomic number and mass number of every particle which are involved in the radioactive decay.
The given nuclear reaction is as follows.
[tex]^{11}_{6}C\rightarrow ^{11}_{5}B+^{0}_{1}e[/tex]
Therefore,Correct answer - B
Carbon disulfide is prepared by heating sulfur and charcoal. The chemical equation is
[tex]S_2 (g) + C (s) \rightleftharpoons CS_2 (g)[/tex]; [tex]K_c[/tex] = 9.40 at 900 K
How many grams of CS₂ (g) can be prepared by heating 15.5 mol S₂ (g) with excess carbon in a 8.30 L reaction vessel held at 900 K until equilibrium is attained?
Answer:
1067 g
Explanation:
The equilibrium occurs when the velocity of the formation of the products is equal to the velocity of the formation of the reactants in a reversible reaction. The equilibrium constant, Kc, is calculated for a generic reaction:
aA + bB ⇄ cC + dD
[tex]Kc = \frac{[C]^c*[D]^d}{[A]^a*[B]*b}[/tex]
Those concentrations are a simplification of the activity of the compounds. Solids and water have activity equal to 1, so they're not placed in the equation. For the reaction given, let's do an equilibrium chart, knowing that the concentration is the number of moles divided by the volume:
[S₂]initial = 15.5/8.30 = 1.8675 M
S₂(g) + C(s) ⇄ CS₂(g)
1.8675 0 Initial
-x +x Reacts (stechiometry is 1:1)
1.8675 - x x Equilibrium
Thus
Kc = x/(1.8675-x)
9.40 = x/(1.8675-x)
x = 17.5545 - 9.40x
10.40x = 17.5545
x = 1.6879 M
Then, the number of moles of CS₂ formed is the concentration multiplied by the volume:
n = 1.6879*8.30
n = 14.01 mol
The molar mass of it is 76.14 g/mol, and the mass is the molar mass multiplied by the number of moles:
m = 76.14*14.01
m = 1067 g
Arrange the following aqueous solutions, each 10% by mass in solute, in order of decreasing boiling point: glucose (C6H12O6), sucrose (C12H22O11), sodium nitrate (NaNO3).
Answer:
NaNO₃ > C₆H₁₂O₆ > C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
Explanation:
Boiling-point elevation is defined as the phenomenon where boiling point of a liquid will be higher when another compound is added, meaning that a solution has a higher boiling point than a pure solvent. The formula is:
ΔT = k×m×i
Where k is ebulloscopic constant of the solvent, m is molality of solution in moles of solute per kg of solution and i is Van't Hoff factor (1 in glucose and sucrose and 2 in sodium nitrate).
Molality is proportional to moles of solute. As the solutions have the same concentration in mass, the lowest molar mass of solute, the highest boiling point elevation.
Molar mass of glucose is 180,2 g/mol; sucrose 342,3 g/mol and sodium nitrate 85 g/mol.
As sodium nitrate has the lowest molar mass and a Van't Hoff factor of 2, its solution will have the highest boiling point, then will be glucose (In order to its molar mass), and the lowest boiling point will be sucrose. Thus, in order of decreasing boiling point:
NaNO₃ > C₆H₁₂O₆ > C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
I hope it helps!
The aqueous solutions arranged in order of decreasing boiling point are: sodium nitrate (NaNO3), sucrose (C12H22O11), glucose (C6H12O6).
The boiling point of a solution is affected by the presence of solute particles, which leads to boiling point elevation. This phenomenon is known as colligative property, which depends on the number of particles in the solution rather than the nature of the particles. The more particles dissolved in a solvent, the greater the boiling point elevation.
For ionic compounds like sodium nitrate (NaNO3), when dissolved in water, they dissociate into their constituent ions. Sodium nitrate dissociates into two ions, Na^+ and NO3^-. Therefore, for a 10% by mass solution of sodium nitrate, there will be more particles in the solution compared to non-electrolytes like glucose and sucrose, which do not dissociate into ions in solution.
Glucose (C6H12O6) and sucrose (C12H22O11) are both non-electrolytes and will not dissociate into ions when dissolved in water. However, sucrose has a larger molar mass compared to glucose. Since the solutions are 10% by mass, this means that there will be fewer sucrose molecules per unit mass compared to glucose molecules. Consequently, the solution with sucrose will have fewer particles than the solution with glucose.
Therefore, the solution with sodium nitrate will have the highest boiling point due to the greatest number of particles, followed by the sucrose solution, and finally, the glucose solution will have the lowest boiling point due to the least number of particles.
In summary, the order of decreasing boiling point is:
1. Sodium nitrate (NaNO3) solution
2. Sucrose (C12H22O11) solution
3. Glucose (C6H12O6) solution"
What is the relationship between the frequency of electromagnetic waves and their wavelengths? A. As frequency increases, wavelength gets shorter. B. As frequency decreases, wavelength gets longer. C. As frequency decreases (or increases), wavelength gets longer (or shorter). D. A and B
Answer:
D. A and B
Explanation
as frequency is inversely proportional to wavelength. formula for calculating wavelength is
wavelength = wave velocity/frequency.
as wavelength is inversely proportional so increase in wavelength will cause decrease in frequency and vice versa . so A and B are the right answer.
Answer:
A and B
Explanation:
For an electromagnetic wave, the relationship between frequency and wavelength is given by:
[tex]\lambda\times\nu=c[/tex]
where [tex]\lambda[/tex] is wavelength
[tex]\nu[/tex] is frequency
and c is speed of light.
From the formula we can say that frequency is inversely proportional to the wavelength as speed of light is a constant.
Hence
As frequency increases wavelength gets shorter.As frequency decreases wavelength gets longer.According to atomic theory:
a. the nucleus is positively charged.
b. the nucleus contains both charged and uncharged particles.
c. the electrons contribute very little to the total mass of the atom.
d. the electrons are located in the atomic space outside the nucleus.
e. all of these
Answer:
e. all of these
Explanation:
Let us check all the given options one by one:
a.The nucleus is positively charged.
Yes it is correct since nucleus contain protons and neutrons and protons are positively charged.
b.The nucleus contains both charged and uncharged particles.
Yes because protons are positively charged and neutrons are neutral in nature.
c.The electrons contribute very little to the total mass of the atom.
Yes we know all the mass of the atom is considered in center and mass of electron is negligible as compared to protons and neutrons.
d.The electrons are located in the atomic space outside the nucleus.
Yes, its a known fact.
e. All of these.
Since , all given options are correct .
Therefore , option e. is right .
Which oxidized compounds can be used as final electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration
Answer: Any of these can be used: sulphur, sulphate, fumarate or nitrate
Explanation:
Final answer:
In anaerobic respiration, various oxidized compounds like nitrate, ferric iron, sulfate, carbonate, and fumarate can act as final electron acceptors.
Explanation:
The compounds that can serve as final electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration include various oxidized inorganic and organic molecules. Notable ones are nitrate, ferric iron, sulfate, and carbonate. Certain organic compounds such as fumarate can also act as electron acceptors.
Anaerobic cellular respiration enables all the organisms to generate energy in environments lacking oxygen. The amount of ATP produced through this process is less than in aerobic respiration since oxygen is the most efficient electron acceptor. The final electron acceptor used influences the total ATP yield.
A mixture contains only NaCl and Al2(SO4)3. A 1.45-g sample of the mixture is dissolved in water, and an ex- cess of NaOH is added, producing a precipitate of Al(OH)3. The precipitate is filtered, dried, and weighed. The mass of the precipitate is 0.107 g. What is the mass percent of Al2(SO4)3 in the sample?
Answer:
The mass percent of aluminum sulfate in the sample is 16.18%.
Explanation:
Mass of the sample = 1.45 g
[tex]Al_2SO_3+6NaOH\rightarrow 2Al(OH)_3+3Na_2SO_4[/tex]
Mass of the precipitate = 0.107 g
Moles of aluminum hydroxide = [tex]\frac{0.107 g}{78 g/mol}=0.001372 mol[/tex]
According to reaction, 2 moles of aluminum hydroxide is obtained from 1 mole of aluminum sulfate .
Then 0.001372 moles of aluminum hydroxide will be obtained from:
[tex]\frac{1}{2}\times 0.001372 mol=0.000686 mol[/tex]
Mass of 0.000686 moles of aluminum sulfate :
= 0.000686 mol × 342 g/mol = 0.2346 g
The mass percent of aluminum sulfate in the sample:
[tex]=\frac{ 0.2346 g}{1.45g}\times 100=16.18\%[/tex]
The mass percent of Al2(SO4)3 in the sample is approximately 16.14%. This was determined by calculating the number of moles of Al(OH)3 in the precipitate, inferring the number of moles of Al2(SO4)3 in the original sample, and then calculating the mass percent using these values.
Explanation:To calculate the mass percent of Al2(SO4)3 in the sample, the first step is to calculate the molar mass of Al(OH)3 and Al2(SO4)3. The molar mass of Al(OH)3 is approximately 78 g/mol and that of Al2(SO4)3 is about 342 g/mol. Now, let's calculate the number of moles of Al(OH)3 in the precipitate using the formula: moles = mass of substance/molar mass. this results in 0.107 g/78 g/mol = 0.00137 mol.
In the chemical reaction of Al2(SO4)3 with NaOH, each mole of Al2(SO4)3 produces 2 moles of Al(OH)3. Thus, the number of moles of Al2(SO4)3 in the original sample is 0.00137 mol/2 = 0.000685 mol. Now, convert this mole value into mass using the equation: mass of substance = moles * molar mass. this results in 0.000685 mol * 342 g/mol = 0.234 g.
Finally, calculate the mass percent of Al2(SO4)3 in the original sample using the formula: mass percent = (mass of component / total mass)*100%. This results in: (0.234 g / 1.45 g) * 100% = 16.14%. Therefore, the mass percent of Al2(SO4)3 in the sample is approximately 16.14%.
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Hydrazine, N2H4, may react with oxygen to form nitrogen gas and water.N2H4(aq) + O2(g) -> N2(g) + 2H2O(l)If 3.95 g of N2H4 reacts and produces 0.550 L of N2, at 295 K and 1.00 atm, what is the percent yield of the reaction?
Answer: The percent yield of the reaction is 18.7 %
Explanation:
Calculating the theoretical yield:To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation:
[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex]
Given mass of hydrazine = 3.95 g
Molar mass of hydrazine = 32 g/mol
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]\text{Moles of hydrazine}=\frac{3.95g}{32g/mol}=0.123mol[/tex]
The given chemical equation follows:
[tex]N_2H_4(aq.)+O_2(g)\rightarrow N_2(g)+2H_2O(l)[/tex]
By Stoichiometry of the reaction:
1 mole of hydrazine produces 1 mole of nitrogen gas
So, 0.123 moles of hydrazine will produce = [tex]\frac{1}{1}\times 0.123=0.123mol[/tex] of nitrogen gas
Calculating the experimental yield:To calculate the moles of nitrogen gas gas, we use the equation given by ideal gas, which follows:
[tex]PV=nRT[/tex]
where,
P = pressure of the nitrogen gas = 1.00 atm
V = Volume of the nitrogen gas = 0.550 L
T = Temperature of the nitrogen gas = 295 K
R = Gas constant = [tex]0.0821\text{ L. atm }mol^{-1}K^{-1}[/tex]
n = number of moles of the nitrogen gas = ?
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]1.00atm\times 0.555L=n_{N_2}\times 0.0821\text{ L atm }mol^{-1}K^{-1}\times 295K\\\\n_{N_2}=\frac{1.00\times 0.555}{0.0821\times 295}=0.023mol[/tex]
Calculating the percentage yield:To calculate the percentage yield of nitrogen gas, we use the equation:
[tex]\%\text{ yield}=\frac{\text{Experimental yield}}{\text{Theoretical yield}}\times 100[/tex]
Experimental yield of nitrogen gas = 0.023 moles
Theoretical yield of nitrogen gas = 0.123 moles
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]\%\text{ yield of nitrogen gas}=\frac{0.023}{0.123}\times 100\\\\\% \text{yield of nitrogen gas}=18.7\%[/tex]
Hence, the percent yield of the reaction is 18.7 %
Answer:
The percent yield of the reaction is 18.45 %
Explanation:
The reaction is:
N₂H₄(aq) + O₂(g) → N₂(g) + 2H₂O(l)
Ratio between hydrazine and N₂ is 1:1, so 1 mol of hydrazine produces 1 mol of N₂
The molar mass of hydrazine is 32 g/m
The moles we used are : mass / molar mass hydrazine
3.95 g / 32 g/m = 0.123 moles
So, in the 100 % yield reaction, we will produce 0.123 of gas.
Let's apply the Ideal Gases law to find out, the moles of gas that have been produced.
0.550L . 1 atm = n . 0.082 . 295K
(0.550L .1atm) / 0.082 . 295K = n
0.0227 mol = n
So, to find out the percent yield of the reaction we finally make a rule of three
0.123 moles ___ 100 %
0.0227 moles ____ 18.45 %
What is the mass of an original 5.60-gram sample of iron-53 that remains unchanged after 25.53 minutes?(1) 0.35g
(2) 1.40 g(3) 0.70 g
(4) 2.80 g
Answer:
(3) 0.70 g
Explanation:
Half life of iron-53 = 8.5167 minutes
[tex]t_{1/2}=\frac {ln\ 2}{k}[/tex]
Where, k is rate constant
So,
[tex]k=\frac {ln\ 2}{t_{1/2}}[/tex]
[tex]k=\frac{ln\ 2}{8.5167}\ min^{-1}[/tex]
The rate constant, k = 0.08138 min⁻¹
Time = 25.53 minutes
Using integrated rate law for first order kinetics as:
[tex][A_t]=[A_0]e^{-kt}[/tex]
Where,
[tex][A_t][/tex] is the concentration at time t
[tex][A_0][/tex] is the initial concentration = 5.60 g
So,
[tex]\frac{[A_t]}{5.60}=e^{-0.08138\times 25.53}[/tex]
[tex][A_t]=\frac{5.6}{e^{2.0776314}}[/tex]
[tex][A_t]=0.70\ g[/tex]
Answer- (3) 0.70 g
Answer:
After 25.53 minutes there will remain 0.70 grams of the iron-53 sample. Option 3 is correct.
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Original mass of the original iron sample = 5.60 grams
Half life of iron-53 = 8.5167 minutes
Step 2: Calculate the rate constant
k = (ln 2)/(t1/2)
⇒ with k = the rate constant
⇒ with t1/2 = the half-life time = 8.5167 minutes
k = 0.08139 / min
Step 3: Calculate the mass after 25.53 minutes
At = A0*e^(-kt)
⇒ with At = the amount of iron sample after 25.53 minutes
⇒ A0 = the initial amount of iron sample =5.50 grams
⇒ with k = 0.08139 / min
⇒ with t = the time = 25.53 minutes
At = 5.50*e^(-0.08139*25.53)
At = 0.70 grams
After 25.53 minutes there will remain 0.70 grams of the iron-53 sample
In the viscosity lab, what did you change to test viscosity
A. Friction
B. Gravity
C. Surface area
D. Temperature
Answer:
D. Temperature
Explanation:
Viscosity can be defined as the measure of a fluid's resistance to flow by determing the fluid strain rate produced by a given applied shear stress. Viscosity occurs in liquid by the advent of cohesive forces between the molecules of liquid and also in collision between molecules of gas.
In a Viscosity lab, Temperature change affects the test of viscosity. This is because an increase in temperature leads to increase in rates of molecules interchanging, thus molecules moves faster with higher temperatures.
The aftermath effect of temperature on viscous liquid is to reduce the cohesive force while simultaneously increasing the rate of molecular interchange. Also,according to the kinetic theory of gases, viscosity is proportional to the square root of the absolute temperature.practically, it increases more rapidly.
Answer:
D. Temperature
Explanation:
Viscosity is defined as the resistance of molecular layers to adjacent layers in a fluid. It is also defined as the resistance to overall flow of the fluid.
The viscosity of fluids, depends upon the temperature. It increases with decrease in temperature, due to increase in inter-molecular forces and hence, the resistive force, as well. And for the same reason viscosity decrease with increase in temperature.
Thus, we change Temperature to test viscosity, in viscosity lab.
What are the differences between molecular and ionic crystals? Give an example of each.
Explanation:
Ionic crystals
1. They are formed by electrostatic attraction between the cation and anion.
2. Naturally solid and brittle in nature.
3.Generally good conductors of electricity in moltane state and have high melting and boiling points.
Example: NH4Cl is an inonic compound with NH4^+ being cation and Cl- being anion.
Molecular Solid
1. These are formed by sharing of electrons pair between the atoms. A shared pair of e- is called a covalent bond.
2. Usually not a good conductor of electricity even in melted state.
3. They mostly liquids and gases only a few are solids.
examples , CO, CO2 , H2CO3 , etc.
Molecular crystals consist of molecules held by weak intermolecular forces, leading to low melting points and poor conductivity, as seen in dry ice. Ionic crystals are composed of ions arranged in a lattice, held by strong ionic bonds, contributing to high melting points and electrical conductivity when molten, as exemplified by table salt.
The differences between molecular and ionic crystals are based on their atomic and molecular arrangements, the types of bonds between them, and their physical properties. Molecular crystals are composed of molecules held together by weak intermolecular forces, such as dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces, and hydrogen bonds. These forces are much weaker than the ionic or covalent bonds found in other types of crystals. As a result, molecular crystals generally have low melting and boiling points and are poor conductors of electricity. An example of a molecular crystal is dry ice (solid carbon dioxide).
In contrast, ionic crystals consist of a lattice of alternating positive and negative ions, held together by strong electrostatic forces known as ionic bonds. These crystals often have high melting and boiling points and typically conduct electricity when melted or dissolved in water. A common example of an ionic crystal is table salt (sodium chloride).
. At 400 K, the half-life for the decomposition of a sample of a gaseous compound initially at 55.5 kPa was 340 s. When the pressure was 28.9 kPa, the half-life as 178 s. Determine the order of the reaction.
Answer:
The order of this half-life reaction is zero. This is a zero order reaction.
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
At the pressure P0,1 of 55.5 kPa, the half-life is 340 s
At the pressure P0,2 of 28.9 kPa, the half-life is 178 s
Step 2: Calculate the order
(n-1) = ((log (t1/2P0,1 / t1/2P0,2)) / (log (P0,2 /P0,1)))
⇒ with t1/2P0,1 = the half-life at a pressure of 55.5 kPa = 340 s
⇒ with t1/2P0,2 = the half-life at a pressure of 28.9 kPa = 178 s
⇒ with P0,1 = the pressure of 55.5 kPa
⇒ with P0,2 = the pressure of 28.9 kPa
(n-1) = (log (340/178)) / log( 28.9/55.5)
(n-1) = log (1.91) / log(0.52)
(n-1) = 0.281 / -0.284
n-1 = -1
n = 0
The order of this half-life reaction is zero. This is a zero order reaction.
How much does the air weigh within a column that is 1 square inch in area that extends from sea level all the way to the top of the atmosphere?
Answer:
14.7 lbs
Explanation:
Air pressure is the weight of the air above us. It is approximately 14.7 pounds or lbs per square inch at sea level. It means that an air column weights 14.7 lbs, 1 square inch in diameter, reaching all the way up to the top of the atmosphere.
Answer:
1.03
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Find the mass of 3.60x10^24 atoms of magnesium?
Answer:
The answer to your question is 8.75 x 10 ²⁵ atoms of Magnesium
Explanation:
Data
Atomic mass of Magnesium = 24.31 g
Atoms of magnesium = 3.60 x 10²⁴
Process
Solve this porblem using a rule of three
1 atom of Magnesium --------------- 24.31 g
3.60 x 10²⁴ ---------------- x
x = (3.60 x 10²⁴ x 24.31) / 1
x = 8.75 x 10 ²⁵ atoms
The mass of [tex]3.60 \times 10^{24[/tex] atoms of magnesium is approximately [tex]\( \mathbf{145.33 \, \text{grams}} \).[/tex]
To find the mass of [tex]3.60 \times 10^{24}[/tex] atoms of magnesium, follow these steps:
1. Determine the molar mass of magnesium ([tex]Mg[/tex]):
The atomic mass of magnesium ([tex]Mg[/tex]) is approximately [tex]24.305\ grams \ per \ mole\ (g/mol[/tex]).
2. Convert the number of atoms to moles:
Given the number of atoms [tex](3.60 \times 10^{24}\ atoms)[/tex], we need to convert this to moles using Avogadro's number, [tex]\( N_A = 6.022 \times 10^{23} \)[/tex]atoms/mol.
[tex]\[ \text{Number of moles} = \frac{\text{Number of atoms}}{N_A} = \frac{3.60 \times 10^{24}}{6.022 \times 10^{23}} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{Number of moles} = 5.98 \text{ moles} \][/tex]
3. Calculate the mass:
Now, multiply the number of moles by the molar mass of magnesium to find the mass in grams.
[tex]\[ \text{Mass} = \text{Number of moles} \times \text{Molar mass of Mg} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{Mass} = 5.98 \, \text{mol} \times 24.305 \, \text{g/mol} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{Mass} = 145.33 \, \text{g} \][/tex]
Aluminum sulfide reacts with water to form aluminum hydroxide and hydrogen sulfide. If 10.6 grams of aluminum hydroxide is produced, how many grams of water were reacted?
Answer:
There reacts 7.35 grams of H2O
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Mass of aluminium hydroxide = 10.6 grams
Step 2: The balanced equation
Al2S3(s) + 6H2O(l) → 2Al(OH)3(s) + 3H2S(g)
Step 3: Calculate number of moles Al(OH)3
Moles Al(OH)3 = mass Al(OH)3 / molar mass Al(OH)3
Moles Al(OH)3 = 10.6 grams / 78.00 g/mol
Moles Al(OH)3 = 0.136 moles
Step 4: Calculate moles of H2O
For 1 mol of Al2S3 we need 6 moles of H2O to produce 2 moles of Al(OH)3 and 3 moles of H2S
For 0.136 moles of Al(OH)3 we need 3*0.136 = 0.408 moles of H2O
Step 5: Calculate mass of H2O
Mass H2O = moles H2O * molar mass of H2O
Mass H2O = 0.408 * 18.02 = 7.35 grams
There reacts 7.35 grams of H2O
The volume of a bubble that starts at the bottom of a lake at 4.55°C increases by a factor of 8.00 as it rises to the surface where the temperature is 18.05°C and the air pressure is 0.980 atm. Assuming that the density of the lake water is 1.00 g/cm3, determine the depth of the lake?
Answer:
The depth of the lake is 67.164 meters.
Explanation:
The combined gas equation is,
[tex]\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1}=\frac{P_2V_2}{T_2}[/tex]
where,
[tex]P_1[/tex] = initial pressure of gas in bubble= ?
[tex]P_2[/tex] = final pressure of gas = 0.980 atm
[tex]V_1[/tex] = initial volume of gas = [tex]V[/tex]
[tex]V_2[/tex] = final volume of gas = 8.00 × V
[tex]T_1[/tex] = initial temperature of gas = [tex]4.55^oC=273.15+4.55=277.7 K[/tex]
[tex]T_2[/tex] = final temperature of gas = [tex]18.05^oC=273.15+18.05=291.2 K[/tex]
Now put all the given values in the above equation, we get:
[tex]\frac{P_1\times V}{277.7 K}=\frac{0.980 atm\times 8.00\times V}{291.2 K}[/tex]
[tex]P_1=7.476 atm[/tex]
pressure of the gas in bubble initially is equal to the sum of final pressure and pressure exerted by water at depth h.
[tex]P_1=P_2+h\rho\times g[/tex]
Where :
[tex]\rho =[/tex] density of water = [tex]1.00 g /cm^3=1000 g/m^3[/tex]
g = acceleration due gravity = [tex]9.8 m/s^2[/tex]
[tex]7.476 atm=0.980 atm +h\rho\times g[/tex]
[tex]6.496 atm=h\rho\times g[/tex]
[tex]6.496 \times 101325 Pa=h\1000 g/m^3\times 9.8 m/s^2[/tex]
h = 67.164 m
The depth of the lake is 67.164 meters.
A compound contains 1.10 mol of K, 0.55 mol of Te, and 1.65 mol of O. What is the simplest formula of this compound?
Answer:
[tex]K_2TeO_3[/tex]
Explanation:
Given that:-
Moles of K = 1.10 moles
Moles of Te = 0.55 moles
Moles of O = 1.65 moles
Taking the simplest ratio of the moles of the elements as:-
K : Te : O
1.10 : 0.55 : 1.65
2 : 1 : 3
Empirical formulas is the simplest or reduced ratio of the elements in the compound. So, the empirical formula is:- [tex]K_2TeO_3[/tex]
The simplest formula of a compound that contains 1.10 mol of K, 0.55 mol of Te, and 1.65 mol of O is K2TeO3.
Explanation:The question asks for the simplest formula of a compound that contains 1.10 mol of K, 0.55 mol of Te, and 1.65 mol of O. To find this formula, you need to determine the ratio of the moles of each element in order to use the simplest whole numbers. This is done by dividing the number of moles of each element by the smallest number of moles, 0.55 mol of Te in this case.
So, you have:
K: 1.10/0.55 = 2Te: 0.55/0.55 = 1O: 1.65/0.55 = 3Therefore, the simplest formula for the compound is K2TeO3.
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Liam knows that some of the bubbles in his experiment must be oxygen. He draws an atomic model of the element oxygen. What does he include in his drawing? Select all that apply.
Answer:
8 electrons, 8 neutrons and 8 protons
Explanation:
In chemistry, atomic number can be described as the number of protons in an atom. This number is unique to every element present in the periodic table. The atomic number of the element, Oxygen (O), is 8.
An atom of oxygen will have 8 protons in the nucleus, 8 neutrons present in the nucleus as well as 8 electrons which will orbit around the nucleus. The first shell will have 2 electrons whereas the second shell will have 6 electrons.
A gas mixture of hydrogen, helium and argon was measured to have the following composition. If the gas mixture only contain the above three gases, what is the mass fraction of argon in this mixture?
The mass fraction of argon is calculated by dividing the mass of argon by the total mass of the mixture. The question does not provide specific masses, but the process would involve using provided mass data to calculate the fraction.
Explanation:The question concerns the determination of the mass fraction of argon in a mixture of hydrogen, helium, and argon. To calculate the mass fraction, you need to know the mass of argon in the mixture in relation to the total mass of the mixture. Unfortunately, the mass of argon and the total mass are not provided in the given information. However, if such data were available, the mass fraction of argon would be calculated by taking the mass of argon and dividing it by the total mass of the gas mixture. Remember, the mass fraction is often expressed as a percentage.
For instance, if a sample of this gas mixture weighed 10.0 grams in total and was found to contain 3.0 grams of argon, then the mass fraction of argon would be the mass of argon (3.0 g) divided by the total mass (10.0 g), resulting in a mass fraction of 3.0/10.0 or 30% for argon.
Balance the following equation. Then, given the moles of reactant or product below, determine the corresponding amount in moles of each of the other reactants and products.NH3+O2⟶N2+H2O
a.4molNH3b.4 molN2c. 4.5molO2
Answer:
Option a → 4 mol NH₃
Explanation:
This the unbalanced reaction
NH₃ + O₂ ⟶ N₂ + H₂O
The balanced reaction:
4NH₃ + 3O₂ → 2N₂ + 6H₂O
4 mol of ammonia
3 mol of oxygen
2 mol of nitrogen
6 mol of water
The balanced equation will be "[tex]4NH_3 + 3O_2 \rightarrow 2N_2 + 6H_2O[/tex]". A complete explanation is below.
(a) 4 mol NH₃:
[tex]4 \ mol \ NH_3 (\frac{3 \ mol \ O_2}{4 \ mol \ NH_3} ) = 3 \ mol \ O_2[/tex][tex]4 \ mol \ NH_3 (\frac{2 \ mol \ N_2}{4 \ mol \ NH_3} ) = 2 \ mol \ N_2[/tex][tex]4 \ mol \ NH_3 (\frac{6 \ mol \ H_2 O}{4 \ mol \ NH_3} ) = 6 \ mol \ H_2O[/tex](b) 4 mol N₂:
[tex]4 \ mol \ N_2 (\frac{4 \ mol \ NH_3}{2 \ mol \ N_2} ) = 8 \ mol \ NH_3[/tex][tex]4 \ mol \ N_2 (\frac{ 3 \ mol \ O_2}{2 \ mol \ N_2} ) = 6 \ mol \ O_2[/tex][tex]4 \ mol \ N_2(\frac{6 \ mol \ H_2O}{2 \ mol \ N_2} ) = 12 \ mol \ H_2O[/tex](c) 4.5 mol O₂:
[tex]4.5 \ mol \ O_2 (\frac{4 \ mol \ NH_3}{3 \ mol \ O_2} ) = 6 \ mol \ NH_3[/tex][tex]4.5 \ mol \ O_2 (\frac{2 \ mol \ N_2}{3 \ mol \ O_2} ) = 3 \ mol \ N_2[/tex][tex]4.5 \ mol \ O_2 (\frac{6 \ mol \ H_2 O}{3 \ mol \ O_2} ) = 9 \ mol \ H_2O[/tex]Thus the above equation is correct.
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Scientists have put forth many types of alternative energy, one of which is nuclear power. Some people believe that nuclear power is dangerous even though it produces a lot of energy and is readily available. How would a scientist in support of nuclear power respond to this statement?
Answer:
With the appropriate security measures nuclear power, as well as other energy sources, can be used safely.
Explanation:
Nuclear energy, as well as other energy sources, can be dangerous if we do not take the appropriate prevention and protection measures. Nuclear power has one of the lowest levels of fatalities per unit of energy generated, as well as low levels of air pollution-related deaths and allows the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions compared to other energy sources. Since its commercialization, in the 70s, the number of nuclear power accidents is very low compared to the number of accidents of other energy sources, having that coal mining is the most dangerous energy activity in history.
I think that without the correct security considerations, all the energy sources can be dangerous, but if we take security measures as using protection barriers, controlling the reactivity of nuclear power plant, making regularly quality and prevention test control, as well as other measures, we can have the benefits of the nuclear power without worrying too much for danger.
Therefore, with the appropriate security measures nuclear power, as well as other energy activities, can be used safely.
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How can you tell the difference between an element and a compound
Explanation:
An Element is one and a compound is more than 2elements
Answer:
The difference between an element and a compound is that an element is a substance made of same type of atoms, whereas a compound is made of different elements in definite proportions. Examples of elements include iron, copper, hydrogen and oxygen. Examples of compounds include water (H2O) and salt (Sodium Chloride - NaCl)
Explanation:
Further Differences:
Defintion:
Compound - A compound contains atoms of different elements chemically combined together in a fixed ratio.
Element - An element is a pure chemical substance made of same type of atom.
Representation:
Compound - A compound is represented using its chemical formula that represents the symbols of its constituent elements and the number of atoms of each element in one molecule of the compound.
Element - An element is represented using symbols.
Composition:
Compound - Compounds contain different elements in a fixed ratio arranged in a defined manner through chemical bonds. They contain only one type of molecule. Elements that compose the compound are chemically combined.
Element - Elements contain only one type of atom. Each atom has the same atomic number i.e., the same number of protons in their nucleus.