Rights stated in English Common Law and the 1776 United States Declaration of Independence. Commonly described as fundamental rights not given or taken by man.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:  Unalienable rights

An added note of explanation:

You'll see both "unalienable" and "inalienable" used in description of these sorts of rights that cannot be taken away because they are not granted by man but are ever human being's natural possession.  In the final version of the Declaration of Independence, the spelling unalienable was used.  That was the copy of the document as transcribed by John Adams, which was used for printed copies to be made.  Thomas Jefferson's original draft used the spelling inalienable.  The two variations of the word were both in use at the time in the 18th century.  Either way, the word means something that cannot be made alien to you -- in other words, something that is naturally your possession and cannot be taken away from you.


Related Questions

PLEASE RESPOND QUICK!!! True or False. Charles V was the king of Spain who sent the Spanish Armada to England.

Answers

True necause defeated the candidacies of Frederick III, Elector of Saxony, Francis I of France, and Henry VIII of England.

It's true because he defeated Fredrick 3rd and was the ruler of the holy land

Criminal Justice.

​The most common sanction for overzealous prosecutors in the United States is:

Answers

the answer is Reprimand & censure

hope it helps! (quizlet helped me alot with criminal justice!)

What was the purpose of the National labor Relations Board?

A. To give a pension to older Americans
B. To look into unfair labor practices
C. To provide public works jobs
D. To improve housing standards

Answers

The National Labor Relations Board is B. To look into unfair labor practices and enforce the US laws on the perpetrators.

~

Question: What was the purpose of the National labor Relations Board?

Answer: To look into unfair labor practices

Explanation: they want to prevent employers from engaging in unlawful acts

question answered by

(jacemorris04)

The first modernist American composer was

Answers

Final answer:

Igor Stravinsky was the first modernist American composer known for his groundbreaking ballet, The Rite of Spring.

Explanation:

The first modernist American composer was Igor Stravinsky. He was a Russian composer best known for his ballet The Rite of Spring. This piece shattered musical traditions and was considered scandalous when it premiered in 1913. Stravinsky's innovative use of scales, notes, and tempos marked a new era in music and solidified his place as a pioneer of modernism.

Which of the following is NOT necessary to categorize an area as a civilization?



Writing system


Surplus of food


Division of labor


Having cities built

Answers

Answer : the correct answer is " Surplus of food ".

Explanation

A civilization by def is any complex society characterized by urban development," when we say urban development we mean having cities built ", social structure imposed by a cultural elite, symbolic systems of communication like writing system and a perceived separation from and domination over the natural environment.

Civilizations are intimately associated with and  defined by other social and politico-economic characteristics, including centralization, the domestication of both humans and other organisms, specialization of labour, cultural ideologies of progress and supremacism, monumental architecture, taxation, societal dependence upon farming and expansionism.

What did Otto Von Bismarck do to help unify Germany?

He sponsored the development of a nationalistic education focusing on the achievements of the German people.

He pushed through laws to forbid foreign immigration to Germany in an attempt to keep the nation ethnic pure.

He helped create wars with neighboring countries to increase national pride among the German people.

He created a military alliance with Austria, the most powerful German nation at the time.

Answers

Answer: He helped create wars with neighboring countries to increase national pride among the German people.

Otto von Bismarck was Minster President and Minister of Foreign Affairs for the Kingdom of Prussia.  He used Realpolitik (reality politics) methods to increase Prussian power and align other German states together with Prussia into the German Empire.  (He then became Chancellor of the German Empire.)  

The main wars that Bismarck provoked in increasing national pride and unity among the German people were the Austro-Prussian War (1866) and the  Franco-Prussian War (1870-71).

Final answer:

Otto von Bismarck used a clever mix of wars, diplomacy, and internal policies to unify Germany and foster nationalistic pride. His policy, known as 'Blood and Iron', involved both warfare and careful political maneuvers, leading to Germany's unification under Prussian leadership.

Explanation:

Otto von Bismarck is known as the architect of German unification. He employed a policy famously known as 'Blood and Iron' which involved wars with neighboring countries. This was a clever diplomatic strategy combined with the use of military force to create a sense of nationalistic pride and unity among the German people.

He manipulated political and diplomatic conditions to provoke wars with Denmark, Austria, and France thereby securing the unification of a loose confederation of German states under Prussian leadership. He then became the first Chancellor of the unified Germany. Furthering unity, he introduced a common currency, standardized weights, and measurements, and promoted a common sense of German nationalism.

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Why did the Continental Congress sell bonds to foreign governments during the American Revolution? A. To help foreign governments clear debts B. To display the colonies' financial power C. To help raise money to finance the war D. To create friendly ties with foreign nations

Answers

The correct option is C. To help raise money to finance the war.

The American Civil War, known as well as the War of the Rebellion or Great Rebellion, was fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865 mainly as a result of the long-standing controversy over the enslavement of black people. Before this American Civil War started the U.S. Government debt was already $64.8 million, and once the war began this debt grew quickly.  

The financial cost of the war was estimated at $5.2 billion consequently, the U.S. Government had to come up with new ways to pay for this expensive war. For this reason in 1862, Congress passed the Legal Tender Act to finance the Civil War.  

The Legal Tender Act allowed the federal government, for the first time in U.S. Government to print paper money that was not backed by an equal amount of gold or silver, which was called greenbacks. As well as selling $500 million in bonds to raise money to finance the war.

Answer:

I think it is C or D

Explanation:

One way Ming Dynasty was able to cause the empire to experience tremendous economic growth was to
A) make an alliance with the Yuan Dynasty.
B) use the navy to establish colonies throughout the Pacific.
C) create a system of roads connecting China with the Middle East.
D) institute land reform and relax trade restrictions with Europeans.

Answers

Answer: D) Institute land reform and relax trade restrictions with Europeans.

Explanation:

In the early Ming, the Hongwu Emperor forced strict restrictions on trade, but by the late Ming, the state relaxed those policies and the Ming dynasty got involved in a flourishing trade with both Europe and Japan.

Since the start of the Ming dynasty, distribution of land to peasants was a key goal, developed through forced migration, public works projects, and the reduction of the demands for forced labor on the peasantry. Some lands were given to young farmers, and it was stated that those who brought unproductive land to cultivation could own it without taxes.

How is Judaism related to Christianity and Islam?
A.
Christianity and Islam share religious traditions and beliefs with Judaism.
B.
Islam was the basis for both Christianity and Judaism.
C.
Christianity was the basis for Islam and Judaism.
D.
The Torah consists of Holy Scriptures from the Qur’an.

Answers

The correct answer is A, "Christianity and Islam share religious traditions and beliefs with Judaism."

Answer:

The correct answer is A, "Christianity and Islam share religious traditions and beliefs with Judaism."

Explanation:

What effect did the Haymarket Riot have on employers? Employers decided that police should not be used to restore order. Employers agreed not to use strikebreakers. Employers grew more suspicious of labor unions. Employers began to strongly support labor unions.

Answers

When the protest in Haymarket Square ended, the police arrived to disperse the crowd. When the police passed a person who was never identified, he threw a bomb at them. The police and possibly some members of the crowd opened fire and there was chaos. Seven policemen and at least one civilian died as a result of the violence that day, and an unknown number of others were injured. As a result of this incident, employers became suspicious of the unions and associated it with violence. The general public shared the same opinion.

Which executive agency would most likely investigate cases of espionage?

the Central Intelligence Agency
the Department of State
the Department of Defense
the Securities and Exchange Commission

Answers

The executive agency that would most likely investigate cases of espionage is the Central Intelligence Agency.

The Central Intelligence Agency was formed in 1947 in the United States and its aim has always been to protect America's national security in a post-Cold War world. The CIA mainly uses human intelligence to gather and examine security data. However, the agency sometimes resorts to the use of high-technology for intelligence purposes. Nowadays, the CIA is also in charge of studying paramilitary operations and fighting against cyber-espionage.

architecture such as this demonstrates which of the following?
A the power of the medieval church
B the prosperity of medieval monarchs
C the rise of medieval universities
D the wealth of medieval merchant guilds

Answers

The power of the medieval church. Couldn't answer sooner forgive me.

Answer:

b

Explanation:

How did the Friedman’s bureau help African Americans economically?

Answers

Final answer:

The Freedmen's Bureau helped African Americans post-Civil War by providing essentials, helping in labor contracts, reuniting families, and establishing education institutions, which were critical steps towards economic freedom and empowerment.

Explanation:

The Freedmen's Bureau, formally known as the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, was a significant agency established by Congress in March 1865 to aid displaced blacks and whites after the Civil War. Its primary goal was to help African Americans transition economically from slavery to freedom. The Bureau provided food, clothing, and fuel, facilitated labor contracts, helped reunite families, and played a crucial role in education by establishing public schools. This contributed to the creation of wage labor in the South and laid foundations for several respected institutions like Fisk University, Hampton University, and Dillard University.

The assistance for African Americans didn't stop with the Freedmen's Bureau. Noteworthy individuals like Bethune worked to create a 'Black Cabinet' to advise on racial issues, and Republicans in the South tried to transform the region into a free-labor economy akin to the North's. While struggles continued with issues like discrimination in New Deal programs and the employment challenges, The Freedmen's Bureau's impact was a significant step towards helping African Americans gain economic empowerment.

Analyze the successes and failures of resistance to industrial imperialism, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of collaboration, using specific examples.

Answers

The forces of Westernization penetrated coastlines, national boundaries, geographic barriers, and even mental barriers, so that by 1914 even places that were in all-out revolt against Western concepts were inescapably engaged in dialectic with them.The resistance of imperialism was manifested in the resistance of peoples and their revolutions to colonization

In contemporary history, we have witnessed several examples of the resistance of peoples to imperialist imperialism, which is only a goal of appropriating the wealth of peoples.

The American Revolution is a good example

For many, the Marxist thought of imperialism and capitalism was conceived as an But later adopted the Marxist Communist Party and the idea of the Soviet Union, which was seen as a second image of imperialism, which wants to control and control the peoples but the Communists claimed the oppositeThe success of the resistance in the American revolution is evident, and we are in the process of saying that the breakup of the Communist Union is a successful example of resistanceBut it is not always how these revolutions succeed. In the French Revolution, which was founded on the opportunistic queen, a new American era was created, and the will of the aspiring people for freedom, decent living and the birth of Napoleon's emperors were dragged into wars and poverty.anti-imperialistic idea.



What does Robinson Crusoe do to get ready for winter the first year he is on the island? (help This is for me to get into college)

Answers

Robinson Crusoe is a novel, by Daniel Defoe, that is more fictional than a true story. In the story, Crusoe is a young man who tired of his boring and methodical life in England becomes a mariner and runs away traveling around the world searching for adventures.

In order to get ready for winter on the Island, Robinson Crusoe tries to improve his situation by digging to make the cave larger. He makes a home for himself, a table, a chair, and carves places to hang his tools on the wall.  

At Cornwallis's surrender, the band played a song called "The World Turned Upside Down." How does the song title reflect the conclusion of the war? The siege of Yorktown by the American and French forces turned the city upside down. The defeat of the British was the opposite of what other countries thought would happen. American forces were expected to win their war for independence.

Answers

The correct answer is B. The defeat of the British was the opposite of what other countries thought would happen.

Hope this helps!!!

Answer: B

Explanation:

What was the name of the 1926 agreement that stabilized relations between studios and unions? film?

Answers

It was called the Basic Studio Agreement and it was signed on November 29th, 1926.

More than just a contract, the Basic Studio Agreement was the first agreement to be signed between the powerful Hollywood studios and film industry worker unions. In it, both film producers and the unions stipulated the first true agreement that would regulate negotiations related to wages, hours, grievances and general working conditions.

Who pays for the Oklahoma government to function?

the people of Oklahoma
foreign nations that owe debts
other states with investments in the state
It pays for itself.

Answers

The people of Oklahoma pay for the state. Operation revenue comes from two sources: sales tax and gross revenue and income tax.  Sales tax and gross revenue make up the majority of the income. The remainder of the revenue is drawn from state tax collections.

The Oklahoma government is primarily funded by the people of Oklahoma through taxes, and they also incur public debt by issuing Treasury bonds paid over time to bondholders, who can be citizens or foreign investors.

This public funding is essential for the operation of state services and infrastructure. When the state borrows money by issuing Treasury bonds, it incurs a form of public debt known as the national debt, which it repays over time. This debt is owed to the bondholders, who can be citizens, domestic entities, or foreign investors.

Why were religious individuals targeted by the Nazi party? What led to their imprisonment?

Answers

because they believe they where wrong. for fighting back

Religious individuals and minorities were targeted by the Nazis as part of their larger racial ideology, leading to the prosecution and imprisonment of homosexuals, Jews, and other groups deemed undesirable. The oppression stemmed from the Nazis' aim to blame these groups for Germany's problems and to establish an Aryan racial state through policies like the Nuremberg Laws and events like Kristallnacht and the establishment of ghettos.

Religious and Minority Persecution in Nazi Germany

The Nazi Party targeted religious individuals and various minorities as part of their wide-reaching persecution policies during the Holocaust. After Adolf Hitler's rise to power, many groups, including homosexuals, Jews, the disabled, Romanis (Gypsies), Slavs, political dissidents, and religious minorities like Jehovah's Witnesses, were subjected to systemic oppression and violence.

Institutional persecution began swiftly with the banning of gay organizations, the burning of scholarly books about homosexuality, and the elimination of homosexuals within the Nazi Party itself. Approximately 100,000 men were arrested on the basis of their homosexuality, and around 50,000 were sentenced to prison. An estimated 5,000 to 15,000 of these men were interned in concentration camps. The scapegoating of Jews for Germany's economic difficulties resulted in egregious laws and events such as the Nuremberg Laws, Kristallnacht, and the implementation of ghettos, leading to the eventual mass murder of two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population.

The Nazis also used a blend of incentives and threats to ensure compliance within Germany. The SS (Schutzstaffel) and Gestapo held sweeping police powers, enabling them to confine anyone in concentration camps without trial, adding to the atmosphere of fear. This widespread persecution and murder were all part of the Nazis' broader goal of establishing an Aryan racial state, and anyone deemed unfit or inferior according to their racial and social theories was targeted.

it was a mistake for the United States to make an alliance with the Soviet totalitarian communist union during World War II

Answers

I'll assume that's a thesis statement meant for argument or debate.  An argument could be made on either side, depending on your point of view.  

On the one hand, the United States and the Soviet Union had dramatically different worldviews.  The US system of democracy and capitalism was at odds with the USSR system of totalitarian rule and communist collectivism.  The two nations were allied only for the sake of defeating Germany and Japan in the Second World War, and were in opposition to each other in about every other way.  Following the war, they became bitter opponents in the Cold War.On the other hand, the USA and the other Allies in World War II needed the help of the Soviet Union in order to defeat the combined threat of Germany and Japan.  The USSR suffered millions of casualties due to the war -- more than any other nation.  They bore the brunt of the fighting against Germany, even before the US entered the war.  And President Roosevelt, while not in agreement with the governing philosophy of Joseph Stalin, still thought he was someone that could be worked with cooperatively.   (When President Truman took over after Roosevelt's death, he did not share that same view of Stalin and the USSR.)

So the matter can be argued from both sides.  Pick your side and write a strong essay!

How did the fifteen amendment expand on the rights granted in the thirteenth and fourteenth amendments?

Answers

The 13th Amendment outlawed slavery

The 14th Amendment stated that no state shall abridge the rights of any citizens

The 15th Amendment, ostensibly, gives the right to vote to African-American men. It states that "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."

So, the 15th Amendment worked to codify, or bring into fruition, a whole new group of voting citizens who had equal protection under the law in a system where slavery is now illegal.


Answer:

The amendment reconstruction is grouped into the 13th to 15th amendments in the American laws. At the last amendment of the constitution, the amendments were essential and implemented the construction of the southern war.

The thirteenth amendment proposal aimed at abolishing slavery as well as the involuntary servitude.

The 14th amendment of the contrary addressed the rights of the citizens and advocated for the protection of all people by the law.

Moreover, the 15th amendment prohibited discrimination and fought for people voting rights.

What position in the Senate is the second highest ranking member of their party and is responsible for making sure party members vote as a unified block?

Answers

This position is called a party whip. He is a member of a parliament selected by his party. His role is as a team manager. He works in the Senate or the House of Representatives. He is responsible for making sure party members vote as a unified block.

Imagine you are a farmer in Venezuela. How might you have felt about the changes Chávez brought about?

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The answer really depends on whether the farmer is also the landlord or only a worker in the fields, and bearing in mind that the question refers only to Chavez’ reforms, not what is now called Chavismo, that is to say, the rule of President Maduro.  

If the first, then there are chances that the landlord would feel threatened about the fact this his land could be —although not necessarily— appropriated by the State, but also, he might feel relieved to learn that his land could be more productive since there would be a lot more subsidies for farming since the oil revenues of the country would again be in the hands of the State.

If it is the second possibility, the farmer most likely would feel relieved altogether since subsidies to labor power and farming would mean greater income and better living conditions for him and his family.  


Answer:

Like many farmers and laborers, I likely would support the changes that Chávez brought about because they helped Venezuela’s poor. As president, Chávez introduced education, healthcare, and labor initiatives to improve the quality of life for the lower classes of Venezuela.

Explanation:a

In Unit Four, we explored the role animals play in mythology. In what way does the owl take on a quasi-mythological role in The Gnomist? What details in the film serve to solidify this role

Answers

In the movie The Gnomist by director Sharon Liese, the owl takes a quasi-mythological role as he represented a little girl that passed away from cancer, such as animals represented human roles in mythology. The details in the film that serve to solidify this role is that the owl symbolizes hope as see by the mom of the little girl, and the craftsmen that constructed a little house inspired by the little girl story.

This photograph was taken in Rahfah in Palestinian territory in 2009. What does the phot reveal about violence in the region ?

Answers

The correct option is "Children are in harm's way due to act of violence".

This photograph shows with harrowing immediacy how vulnerable children were in the Plaestinian territory back in 2009. All the holes on the walls are from bullets fired at this building where the three small children stand, illustrating how thin the difference between living and dying can be for them at any moment.


Hope this helps!

Which was the most common religious change among Africans as a result of contact with people from europe and the middle east?

Answers

The continent has a diverse range of ethnicities, cultures and languages. In the late 19th century, the European countries colonized most of Africa. Most modern States in Africa have emerged through the decolonization process of the twentieth century.

The continent has a diverse range of ethnicities, cultures and languages. In the late 19th century, the European countries colonized most of Africa. Most modern States in Africa have emerged through the decolonization process of the twentieth century.

Final answer:

The most common religious change among Africans as a result of contact with people from Europe and the Middle East was the adoption of monotheistic belief systems like Christianity and Islam. These religions often adapted to traditional African practices and rituals, and in some cases, blended with prehistoric religious practices.

Explanation:

The most common religious change among Africans as a result of contact with people from Europe and the Middle East was the adoption of monotheistic belief systems like Christianity and Islam.

The spread of these religions throughout Africa was not a straightforward process, and ancient African belief systems were not completely eradicated. Instead, Christianity and Islam often adapted to traditional African practices and rituals. In some cases, monotheistic beliefs were blended with prehistoric religious practices, creating unique cultural expressions.

Factors that influenced the adoption of Islam in Africa included the imposition of harsh terms by Muslim conquerors and the practice of slavery. The coastal Bantu people in East Africa converted to Islam over several centuries, making it easier for them to interact with Arab and Persian merchants. The version of Islam practiced by the people of the Swahili coast incorporated elements of ancestor veneration and pre-Islamic rituals.

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how dangerous were these ideas that luther and the protestants were preaching

Answers

Dangerous enough. The Catholic Church didn't exactly appreciate things that Luther was saying. He questioned a serious source of income. But indulgences went far deeper.

They led Luther to proclaim 2 very important teachings as the central core of the protestant movement. The first was that Faith and Never works was the way to salvation. He saw the limitations of works and wanted faith to be the cornerstone of living a righteous life.

The second thing the protestant movement took up was that the Bible was the most important document in Christianity. This sounds like a given, but it really isn't. St. Augustine, for example and St. Jerome were held in high regard by the Catholic Church. Luther abandoned all of that by saying all a man needs is a faith in God and a direct communication with God to be righteous. [I'm interpreting a little here.] Righteous is not the word he would use. Whatever you call an individual, the centrality of the Bible let out confession.

Luther himself was not that adamant about his teachings in the beginning. He tried to distance himself from the reformation. In the beginning he was a mild scholar asking scholarly questions but in later life, he became a bit of an outrage. What made the reformation dangerous is that it divided religious thought.

Final answer:

The ideas propagated by Martin Luther and the Protestants openly challenged the teachings and authority of the Catholic Church, leading to the Protestant Reformation. The Church deemed these ideas dangerous as they led to religious wars, establishment of new Christian denominations, and rejection of Catholic practices.

Explanation:

Martin Luther and the Protestants' ideas challenged the fundamental teachings of the Roman Catholic Church, including the sale of indulgences, the need for good works in addition to faith for salvation, and the role of the clergy. Luther preached that faith alone was sufficient for salvation, known as the doctrine of justification by faith, which opposed the Church's stance and thus was seen as dangerous by the Church.

This radical difference, combined with the use of the printing press to distribute these ideas, led to the widespread dissemination of his views, forming the basis of what later became the Protestant faith. The wide reception of these views led to the Protestant Reformation, disrupting the status quo and sparking religious wars across Europe. This resistance to Catholic doctrine constituted a significant challenge to the immense authority and influence of the Catholic church across Europe.

Despite efforts by authorities to silence Luther, including excommunication, the ideas continued to spread, leading to the establishment of new denominations and rejection of Catholic practices, like clerical celibacy, by many. As such, these ideas were considered highly dangerous by the Catholic Church and those in power affiliated with it.

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President Carter's foreign policy brought successes with the Camp David Accords and a return of the Canal Zone to Panamanian control. What was his most serious foreign policy problem?

Answers

His most challenging and unresolved problem was the takeover of the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, Iran in 1978 by Islamic fundamentalists and the taking of more than 40 American hostages. Carter was unable to secure their release during his presidency. The were released once Ronald Reagan took office.

Answer:  a hostage crisis in Iran

Who was Robert Oppenheimer? A. A general in the South Pacific B. An investor in the war effort C. A scientist who led the development of the atomic bomb D. A leader in the French Resistance

Answers

it's C. A scientist who led the development of the atomic bomb.

Robert Oppenheimer was the lead scientist in the Manhattan Project which developed the first atomic bomb. So ans is C. A scientist who led the development of the atomic bomb.

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The author is describing the slow March towards nazism in Germany during he 1930s, which ultimately led to the holocaust. Based on the excerpt what do you feel is the best defense against the rise of fascism?



~Except ~


what happened here was the gradual habituation of the people little by little to being governed by surprise to receiving decisions deliberated in secret to believing that the situation was so complicated that the government had to act on information which the people could not understand or so dangerous they even if the people could not understand it it could not be released because of national security and their sense of identification with Hitler their was trust in him made it easier to widen his Gap and reassure those who would otherwise have worried about it the separation of government from people this widening of the Gap to play so gradually and so insensibly each step disguised perhaps not even intentionally as a temporary emergency measure of associated with true patriotic allegiance or with real social purpose and all the crises and reforms real reforms to so occupied the people that they did not see the slow-motion underneath of the whole process of government growing remoter and remoter.
those I said are the words of my friend the baker one had no time to think there was so much going on to live in this process is absolutely not to be able to notice it please try to believe me unless one has a much greater degree of political awareness accuracy than most of us had ever had occasion to develop each step was so small so inconsequential sowell explained or on occasion regretted that unless one were detached from the whole process from the beginning less one understood what the whole thing was in particular what all this little measures that no patriotic German could resent but someday lead to one no more saw it developing from day-to-day that a farmer in his field sees the corn growing one day it is over his head from they thought they were free by Milton mayor

Answers

Never underestimate the power of the stupid man speaking the crowds.

No matter how many people or individuals are smart, they follow the law of the crowd in the crowd. The law of the crowd nullifies everything, meaning, sense, purpose, leads to the abyss. What is patriotism if it excludes the power of judgment if it overwhelms our mind with something that we are not?

Whether it is fascism, democracy or communism, the fascinated leaders who are pushing us towards each other, because of some higher goal, are a complex lunatic. It has been scientifically proven that all the leaders of this type, in essence, had some bizarre reasons that go into the collective and personally unconscious, as such manipulated by interest groups, and gained great power to manipulate the masses.  Every time we hear such a speech where we begin to feel hypnotized, it is not good, it needs to shake it from itself and from the head.

The best way to defend from growing fascism is to preserve individuality, self-awareness, human values, and at no cost accept any of these ideas of false patriotism and various other explanations that we are not able to understand something. Whenever we hear such a thing, we should put beyond this our universal meaning of life that we received at our birth. That sense will tell us what is true and what lies.

Final answer:

The best defence against the rise of fascism or any form of extremism according to the excerpt is political awareness, critical thought, and a strong sense of individual identity.

Explanation:

Based on the text, the best defence against the rise of extremism, particularly fascism as represented by Nazism in the 1930s, is political awareness and critical thinking. When citizens are politically informed and capable of critical thought, they can better identify and challenge efforts by their governments to erode democratic principles and implement totalitarian or extremist policies. The dangers of blind trust in government are clear. For example, philospher Hannah Arendt emphasizes the importance of resisting the identification of the individual self with the state, a key strategy of totalitarian systems. According to Arendt, a sense of self independent of government is vital in preserving personal freedoms and preventing socio-political control.

Political awareness, critical thinking, and a strong sense of individual identity are therefore crucial defense mechanisms against extremism.

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