Answer is: van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds.
Intermolecular forces are the forces between molecules or particles.
There are several types of intermolecular forces: hydrogen bonding, ion-induced dipole forces, ion-dipole forces andvan der Waals forces.
Hydrogen bond is an electrostatic attraction between two polar groups that occurs when a hydrogen atom (H), covalently bound to a highly electronegative atom such as flourine (F), oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) atoms.
Covalent bonds, ionic bonds and metallic bonds are intramolecular interactions, bonds between atoms in molecule.
How would your calculated %P2O5 value be affected if you had not used this blank solution
If you did not use the blank solution, your calculated %P2O5 value would likely be higher. The blank solution helps to account for other influences in the experiment, providing a baseline. Without it, other factors could contribute to a falsely high %P2O5 reading.
Explanation:Your calculated %P2O5 value would likely be higher if you did not use the blank solution. This is because the blank solution is designed to account for any influence or interference from other substances in the experiment. It provides a 'baseline' or 'zero' level, to make sure the results you measure are due to the presence of P2O5 alone.
For instance, if the instrument you're using to measure the %P2O5 has an operator error or systematic error, such as stray light that causes a small reading, this value is considered in the blank solution absorbance. Therefore, when you subtract this value from your experimental readings, you get a more accurate measurement of your P2O5.
If you just measure the P2O5 without using a blank, your reading could include errors from these other factors, giving you a higher %P2O5 than is actually present. Hence, not using a blank solution could give you a false high level of P2O5.
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The pH of a solution is defined as the ______ of the hydrogen ion.
As the pH of a solution increases, the concentration of ______ ions increases.
2
4
100
5
100,000
3
10,000
10
1,000,000
1,000
1.) Black coffee has a pH of 5, therefore its H+ concentration is ____ times greater than a solution with a pH of 10.
2.) Urine has a pH of 6, therefore its H+ concentration is _____ times greater than a solution with a pH of 9.
3.) Household ammonia has a pH of 11, therefore its H+ concentration is ______ times less than a solution with a p
Determine the identity of a cube of metal that measures 1.2 cm on each side and has a mass of 15.4g.
To identify the metal of the cube, calculate the cube's density by dividing its mass (15.4g) by its volume (1.728 cm³), which gives a density of approximately 8.91 g/cm³. This density can be compared to known densities to determine the cube's metal type.
Explanation:The identity of a metal cube can be determined using its mass and volume to calculate its density, which can then be compared to known densities of various metals. A cube with each side measuring 1.2 cm has a volume given by the formula V = a³ where a is the length of a side. The mass of the cube is 15.4 g, and therefore the density can be calculated by dividing the mass by the volume.
To find the volume of the cube:
V = 1.2 cm × 1.2 cm × 1.2 cm = 1.728 cm³.
Now, to get the density:
density = mass/volume = 15.4 g / 1.728 cm³ ≈ 8.91 g/cm³. This density can be matched to a list of metallic element densities to identify the metal.
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The half-life of a radioactive element is 1250 years. What percent of atoms remain after 7500 years?
64g of sulfur dioxide (so2) contains 32g of oxygen.calculate how much sulphur it contains
how many ions are present in (NH4)2CO3 ? ...?
Answer:
3 ions are present in [tex](NH_4)_2CO_3[/tex].
Explanation:
Ammonium carbonate is made up two ammonium ions and 1 carbonate ions.
1. Ammonium ion with valency of +1.
2. Carbonate ions with valency of -2.
By Criss-cross method we get:
[tex](NH_3)_2(CO_3)_1[/tex]
When 1 mole of ammonium carbonate is dissolved in water it gives 2 moles of ammonium ions and 1 mole of carbonate ions.The chemical equation is given as:
[tex](NH_4)_2CO_3(aq)\rightarrow 2NH_4^+(aq)+CO_{3}^{2+}(aq)[/tex]
the density of ethanol is 0.789g/ml at 20°c. find the mass of a sample of ethanol that has a volume of 150.0 ml at this temperature.
The density of the substance is denoted by the symbol ρ or D. The mass of the ethanol sample with a density of 0.789 g/ml in 150 mL at 20°C will be 118.35 g.
What is the relationship between density and mass?The density of the object has been defined by the mass divided by the unit of volume and shows the direct relationship between mass and density. A heavier object has more density as compared to a lighter object.
The formula for density is given as,
Density = mass ÷ volume
or Mass = density × volume
Given,
Density = 0.789 gm/mL
Volume = 150 mL
Mass is calculated by substituting values in the above formula as,
Mass = density × volume
Mass = 0.789 gm/mL × 150 mL
Mass = 118.35 g
Therefore, a 150.0 mL ethanol at a temperature 20°C with a density of 0.789 gm/mL has a mass of 118.35 g.
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Which subatomic particle is responsible for chemical properties of atoms?
a. protons
b. neutrons
c. electrons
d. neutrons and protons user: what is the maximum number of electrons in the first electron shell, closest to the nucleus?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 4
d. 8
A molecule of a certain compound contains two nitrogen atoms and four oxygen atoms. What is the molecular formular for this compound?
What exactly are the physical properties of a candle that has been blown out?
A)How many moles of O2 are required for the complete combustion of 2.2 g of C3H8 to form CO2 and H2O?
b)A 65.25 g sample of CuSO4•5H2O (M = 249.7) is dissolved in enough water to make 0.800 L of solution. What volume of this solution must be diluted with water to make 1.00 L of 0.100 M CuSO4?
Final answer:
0.2495 moles of [tex]O_2[/tex] are required for the complete combustion of 2.2 g of [tex]C_3H_8[/tex] to form [tex]CO_2[/tex] and [tex]H_2O[/tex]. This is calculated based on the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of propane and the molar mass of [tex]C_3H_8[/tex].
Explanation:
To determine how many moles of [tex]O_2[/tex] are required for the complete combustion of 2.2 g of [tex]C_3H_8[/tex] to form [tex]CO_2[/tex] and H2O, we need to use the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of propane (C3H8):
[tex]C_3H_8[/tex] + 5 [tex]O_2[/tex] → 3 [tex]CO_2[/tex] + 4[tex]H_2O[/tex]
First, we calculate the moles of C3H8:
moles of C3H8 = mass (g) / molar mass (g/mol)
molar mass of [tex]C_3H_8[/tex] = 44.10 g/mol
moles of [tex]C_3H_8[/tex] = 2.2 g / 44.10 g/mol = 0.0499 mol
From the balanced equation, 1 mole of [tex]C_3H_8[/tex] reacts with 5 moles of [tex]O_2[/tex]. So, for 0.0499 moles of [tex]C_3H_8[/tex], the moles of [tex]O_2[/tex] required would be:
moles of [tex]O_2[/tex] needed = 0.0499 mol [tex]C_3H_8[/tex] × 5 moles O2/mol [tex]C_3H_8[/tex] = 0.2495 mol [tex]O_2[/tex]
0.2495 moles of [tex]O_2[/tex] are required for the complete combustion of 2.2 g of [tex]C_3H_8[/tex].
What important result did Becquerel observe when he placed the uranium salt crystals and unexposed photographic film in a drawer?
-The crystals phosphoresced within the drawer and exposed the film.
-The crystals did not phosphoresce within the drawer but did expose the film.
-The crystals phosphoresced within the drawer but did not expose the film.
-The crystals did not phosphoresce within the drawer and did not expose the film.
The correct answer is "The crystals did not phosphoresce within the drawer but did expose the film."
Becquerel is credited to have discovered radioactivity. Becquerel was studying the properties of x-ray using naturally fluorescent minerals. Uranium shows radioactive decay. It is the high energy invisible radiation from uranium that exposed the photographic film.
Three highways connect the centers of three towns and form a triangle. A cell phone company wants to place a new cell tower so that it is the same distance from the centers of the three towns. How can the company find where to place the tower?
Answer:
For the tower to be the same distance from each of the centers, the company must find the point that is equidistant from the vertices of the triangle. This is the circumcenter of the triangle and can be found by constructing the point of concurrency of the perpendicular bisectors of the triangle.
Explanation:
sample response
From your knowledge about the distribution of electrons in the levels and from the atomic number (in parentheses), indicate the most likely charge on the ion when this atom forms an ion. (Remember the 2, 8, 18 level distribution.)
Answer Choices:
0
-1
+1
-2
+2
Nitrogen dioxide decomposes at 300°C via a second-order process to produce nitrogen monoxide and oxygen according to the following chemical equation.
2 NO2(g) → 2 NO(g) + O2(g).
A sample of NO2(g) is initially placed in a 2.50-L reaction vessel at 300°C. If the half-life and the rate constant at 300°C are 11 seconds and 0.54 M-1 s-1, respectively, how many moles of NO2 were in the original sample?
I just need an idea on how to approach this problem. ...?
Final answer:
To calculate the initial moles of NO2, use the half-life formula for a second-order reaction, adjust to solve for initial concentration, and then multiply by the volume of the reaction vessel.
Explanation:
To find out how many moles of NO2 were in the original sample for a second-order reaction, we can use the half-life formula for a second-order reaction, which is t1/2 = 1 / (k[NO2]0), where t1/2 is the half-life, k is the rate constant, and [NO2]0 is the initial concentration of NO2. The problem provides the half-life (t1/2 = 11 seconds) and the rate constant (k = 0.54 M-1 s-1). Rearranging the half-life formula to solve for the initial concentration gives us [NO2]0 = 1 / (k * t1/2).
After calculating [NO2]0, we can convert concentration to moles by multiplying the concentration by the volume of the reaction vessel. Remember that concentration is in moles per liter (M) and volume is in liters (L), so the equation will be moles of NO2 = [NO2]0 * volume of the vessel.
A box has a weight of 120 lbs and the bottom of the box is 12 in2 . What is the pressure the box exerts on the floor?
The pressure of the box on the floor is calculated using the formula P = F/A. Given a weight (F) of 120 lbs and an area (A) of 12 in², the pressure (P) the box exerts on the floor is 10 lbs/in².
Explanation:The subject of this question deals with the concept of pressure, which in Physics, is defined as the force per unit area applied in a direction perpendicular to the surface of an object. In this case, the box is applying a force (its weight) to the floor over a certain area (the bottom of the box).
The formula to calculate pressure is P = F/A, where P represents pressure, F represents force (in this case the weight of the box), and A represents area. Given that the weight of the box is 120 lbs and the area is 12 in², we can substitute these values into the formula:
P = 120 lbs / 12 in²
Doing the calculation, we find that the pressure the box exerts on the floor is 10 lbs/in².
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Whats another name for cytosol
Another name for cytosol is cytoplasmic matrix. This fluid can be found inside cells. It has to do with how the cell's organelles are held in suspension.
Numerous crucial metabolic processes occur in the cytosol, which also serves as a conduit for the movement of chemicals and ions throughout the cell. It offers a dynamic setting that supports the cellular machinery and enhances the cell's overall functionality. The term "cytoplasmic matrix" refers to the fluid-like substance (cytosol) that provides the cytoplasmic organelles and molecules with their structural support.
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Which stage in the free radical substitution of methane by chlorine will have the lowest activation
energy?
A CH3• + Cl 2 → CH3Cl + Cl •
B Cl • + Cl • → Cl 2
C Cl • + CH4 → CH3• + HCl
D Cl 2 → Cl • + Cl •
The stage with the lowest activation energy in the free radical substitution of methane by chlorine is when two chlorine free radicals combine to form a chlorine molecule.
Explanation:The stage in the free radical substitution of methane by chlorine that will have the lowest activation energy is the step B Cl • + Cl • → Cl2. This is because this step involves the combination of two chlorine free radicals to form chlorine molecule which is an exothermic reaction, hence requires the least amount of energy. The other steps either involve breaking of bonds (in the case of Cl2 → Cl • + Cl • and Cl • + CH4 → CH3• + HCl), or the substitution of chlorine (CH3• + Cl 2 → CH3Cl + Cl •) all of which require more energy.
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What volume will 0.875 moles of kr occupy at stp?
Volume = 19.6 L
Solution:As we know that one mole of any Ideal gas at standard temperature and pressure occupies exactly 22.4 dm³ volume.
Using this reference, we can calculate the volume occupied by Krypton (Ideal situation) as,
1 mole of Kr occupies = 22.4 L of Volume
So,
0.875 moles of Kr will occupy = X L of Volume
Solving for X,
X = (0.875 mol × 22.4 L) ÷ 1 mol
X = 19.6 L
Which element has six energy levels?
A) rubidium (Rb)
B) cesium (Cs)
C) potassium (K)
D) sodium (Na)
Calculate the electrical energy per gram of anode material for the following reaction at 298 K:
Li(s) + MnO2(s) ----> LiMnO2(s)
Ecell = 3.15 V
The answer is:
E per gram = 0.45 V
The explanation:
when MnO2 is the substance who oxidized here so, the oxidizing agent and the anode here is Li.
and when the molar mass of Li is = 7 g/mol
and in our reaction equation we have 1 mole of Li will give 3.15 V of the electrical energy
that means that :
7 g of Li gives → 3.15 V
So 1 g of Li will give→ ???
∴ The E per gram = 3.15 V / 7 g of Li
= 0.45 V
A current of 0.15 A is passed through an aqueous solution of K2PtCl4. How long will it take to deposit 1.00 g Pt(s) (M = 195.1)?
To deposit 1.00 g of platinum with a current of 0.15 A, it will take approximately 1.831 hours. This is calculated by first determining the number of moles of Pt, then calculating the moles of electrons, converting them to coulombs using Faraday's constant, and finally using the charge to find the time required.
Explanation:Calculating Time for Electrodeposition
To calculate the time it takes to deposit 1.00 g of platinum (Pt) using a current of 0.15 A in an electrolytic cell, we first need to determine the number of moles of Pt to be deposited. Using the molar mass of Pt (195.1 g/mol), we have:
Number of moles (Pt) = mass (Pt) / Molar mass (Pt)
= 1.00 g / 195.1 g/mol
= 0.005126 moles
Platinum (Pt) is deposited according to the reaction:
Pt2+ + 2e- → Pt(s)
Two moles of electrons are required to deposit one mole of Pt.
Number of moles of electrons = 2 × Number of moles (Pt)
= 2 × 0.005126
= 0.010252 moles
Next, we convert moles of electrons to coulombs using Faraday's constant, which states that 1 mole of electrons is equivalent to 96485 C:
Total charge (Q) = Number of moles of electrons × Faraday's constant
= 0.010252 moles × 96485 C/mol
= 989.2 C
Finally, we use the formula Q = It to find time (t), where I is the current and t is the time.
To find the time:
Time (t) = Total charge (Q) / Current (I)
= 989.2 C / 0.15 A
= 6594.67 seconds
To convert seconds to hours, divide by 3600:
Time in hours = 6594.67 s / 3600 s/h
= 1.831 hours
Which reaction displays an example of an Arrhenius base?
A. NaOH(s) --> Na+(aq) + OH–(aq)
B. HCl(g) + H2O(l) --> H3O+(aq) + Cl–(aq)
C. CH3COOH(aq) + H2O(l) --> H3O+(aq) + CH3COO–(aq)
D. NH3(aq) + HC2H3O2(aq) --> NH4+(aq) + C2H3O2–(aq)
The reaction that displays an example of Arrhenius base is NaOH(s) --> Na+(aq) + OH–(aq). Details about Arrhenius bases can be found below.
What are Arrhenius base and acid?Arrhenius base are substances that increases the OH− ion concentration in aqueous solution.
This means that an Arrhenius base must contain an hydroxyl ion (OH-).
According to this question, several reactions were given, however, the reaction that displays an example of Arrhenius base is as follows:
NaOH(s) --> Na+(aq) + OH–(aq)
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How will adding NaCl affect the freezing point of a solution?
Answer is: adding NaCl will lower the freezing point of a solution.
A solution (in this example solution of sodium chloride) freezes at a lower temperature than does the pure solvent (deionized water).
The higher the solute concentration (sodium chloride), freezing point depression of the solution will be greater.
Equation describing the change in freezing point:
ΔT = Kf · b · i.
ΔT - temperature change from pure solvent to solution.
Kf - the molal freezing point depression constant.
b - molality (moles of solute per kilogram of solvent).
i - Van’t Hoff Factor.
Dissociation of sodium chloride in water: NaCl(aq) → Na⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq).
When a 6.50-g sample of solid sodium hydroxide dissolves in 100.0 g of water in a coffee-cup calorimeter, the temperature rises from 21.6 degrees C to 37.8 degrees C. Calculate delta H (in kJ/mol NaOH) for the solution process. Assume that the specific heat of the solution is the same as that of pure water.
To find the enthalpy change for the dissolution of sodium hydroxide, calculate the heat absorbed by the water (
H = -q / n), convert the mass of NaOH to moles, and divide the heat absorbed by the number of moles.
To calculate the enthalpy change (
H) for the solution process of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), we'll use the formula
H = -q / n, where 'q' is the heat absorbed by the water and 'n' is the number of moles of NaOH.
Step 1: Calculate the amount of heat absorbed (q) using the formula q = mc
delta T, where 'm' is the mass of the water plus the NaOH, 'c' is the specific heat capacity of water (4.18 J/g°C), and
delta T is the change in temperature.
Step 2: Convert the mass of NaOH to moles by using its molar mass (40.00 g/mol).
Step 3: Calculate
H using the moles and the heat absorbed.
For our case:
q = (100.0 g + 6.50 g)
4.18 J/g°C
(37.8°C - 21.6°C)
Calculate q and convert it to kilojoules, since 1 kJ = 1000 J.
6.50 g of NaOH is 0.1625 mol, because 6.50 g / 40.00 g/mol = 0.1625 mol.
Step 4: Now apply the formula
H = -q / n.
All of the following can be used to define a base except
a hydronium ion donor in a reaction
a substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide ions
an electron pair donor in a reaction
a substance that is a hydrogen ion acceptor in a reaction
Answer: The correct statement is a hydronium ion donor in a reaction.
Explanation:
According to Arrhenius concept, a base is defined as a substance which donates hydroxide ions [tex](OH^-)[/tex] when dissolved in water and an acid is defined as a substance which donates hydronium ions [tex](H_3O^+)[/tex] in water.
According to the Bronsted Lowry conjugate acid-base theory, an acid is defined as a substance which donates protons and a base is defined as a substance which accepts protons.
According to the Lewis concept, an acid is defined as a substance that accepts electron pairs and base is defined as a substance which donates electron pairs.
A substance that increases the hydroxide ion concentration of a solution is an Arrhenius base.
Hence, the correct statement is a hydronium ion donor in a reaction.
4.00 g of He, 20.0 g F2, and 12.0 g Ar are placed in a 12.0-L container at 18.0 °C. The total pressure (in atm) in the container is _____ atm.
The total pressure in the container is approximately 3.00 atm
The question asks for the total pressure in a container holding different gases at a certain temperature, which is a typical problem in chemistry dealing with the ideal gas law. The ideal gas law is PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant (0.0821 atm·L/mol·K), and T is temperature in Kelvin.
To find the total pressure, we need to calculate the moles of each gas using their molar masses (He: 4.00 g/mol, F2: 38.00 g/mol, Ar: 39.95 g/mol), convert the temperature to Kelvin (18.0 °C + 273.15 = 291.15 K), and plug these values into the ideal gas law:
Moles of He = 4.00 g / 4.00 g/mol = 1.00 molMoles of F2 = 20.0 g / 38.00 g/mol ≈ 0.526 molMoles of Ar = 12.0 g / 39.95 g/mol ≈ 0.300 molTotal moles = 1.00 mol + 0.526 mol + 0.300 mol = 1.826 molUsing the ideal gas law:
P = (nRT) / V
P = (1.826 mol × 0.0821 atm·L/mol·K × 291.15 K) / 12.0 L
P ≈ 3.68 atm
Thus, the total pressure in the container is approximately 3.68 atm.
The MSDS for chloroform indicates that it is a clear liquid that has a pleasant smell and substantial vapor pressure. People should avoid inhaling its vapors, and it is sensitive to light. According to this information, how should chloroform be stored?
in an open, transparent container in the fume hood
in a closed, transparent container on the lab bench
in a closed, dark container in the fume hood
in an open, dark container on the lab bench
Answer:
Answer C
Explanation:
just took the test
f an atom has 3 electrons outside of its nucleus, which combination of protons and neutrons would result in a neutral atom
Final answer:
A neutral atom must have the same number of electrons and protons.
Explanation:
A neutral atom must have the same number of electrons and protons. Therefore, if an atom has 3 electrons outside of its nucleus, it must also have 3 protons in its nucleus to be neutral. The number of neutrons does not affect the overall charge of the atom.
For example, a lithium atom (Li) has an atomic number of 3, which means it has 3 protons. If it also has 3 electrons, it will have a net charge of zero and be neutral.
In general, if an atom has a certain number of electrons, it must have an equal number of protons to maintain neutrality.
How many sigma and how many pi bonds are in an ethyne molecule c2h2?