Sort these elements into pairs that would most likely exhibit similar chemical properties.

Te,K,Kr,Li,Ne,S

This system describes, the involvement of both energy transformation and energy transfer. Hence option C is correct.

Energy transfer is nothing but the phenomenon of gaining or losing the amount of energy by a point from which we are taking or giving the energy. Energy transfer is the movement of energy from one point to other. for example, when we want to increase the temperature of the body from room temperature to certain temperature, then we have to transfer certain amount of energy to gain that temperature.

According to law of thermodynamic, energy neither be created nor be destroyed, it can be transferred from one form into another form. Energy transformation is when energy changes from one type to another. for example when mechanical energy gets converted into electric energy in generator, there is transformation of energy from mechanical to electric energy. Vice verse is true for electric fan.

In this system, everything is gaining temperature hence it is gaining energy, means there is transfer of energy. and first chemical energy is changed to thermal energy, thermal energy is transferred  to kinetic energy and last into electric energy, hence there is of course transformation of energy from one form into another form.

Hence option C is Correct.

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Answer : The amount of [tex]N_2H_4[/tex] will be, 64 g

Solution : Given,

Mass of [tex]N_2O_4[/tex] = 92 g

Molar mass of [tex]N_2O_4[/tex] = 92 g/mole

Molar mass of [tex]N_2H_4[/tex] = 32 g/mole

First we have to calculate the moles of [tex]N_2O_4[/tex].

[tex]\text{Moles of }N_2O_4=\frac{\text{Mass of }N_2O_4}{\text{Molar mass of }N_2O_4}=\frac{92g}{92g/mole}=1mole[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the moles of [tex]N_2H_4[/tex].

The balanced chemical reaction is,

[tex]2N_2H_4+N_2O_4\rightarrow 3N_2+4H_2O[/tex]

From the balanced reaction, we conclude that

1 mole of [tex]N_2O_4[/tex] react with 2 moles of [tex]N_2H_4[/tex]

and from the calculated moles,

1 mole of [tex]N_2O_4[/tex] react with 2 moles of [tex]N_2H_4[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the mass of [tex]N_2H_4[/tex]

[tex]\text{Mass of }N_2H_4=\text{Moles of }N_2H_4\times \text{Molar mass of }N_2H_4[/tex]

[tex]\text{Mass of }N_2H_4=(2mole)\times (32g/mole)=64g[/tex]

Therefore, the amount of [tex]N_2H_4[/tex] will be, 64 g

In a reaction to produce sulfuric acid with a theoretical yield of 300.g and an actual yield of 280.g, the percent yield is 93.33%.

Percent Yield Calculation:

Final answer:

The earliest ideas about atoms were speculative and lacked scientific evidence, while the later work of scientists involved experimentation and observation.

Explanation:

The earliest recorded discussion of the basic structure of matter comes from ancient Greek philosophers, Leucippus and Democritus, who argued that all matter was composed of small, finite particles called atoms. They thought of atoms as moving particles that differed in shape and size and could join together. However, these early ideas about atoms were philosophical and were not backed by experimental evidence or scientific methods.

In contrast, the later work of scientists such as John Dalton, Amadeo Avogadro, and Dmitri Mendeleev involved rigorous experimentation and observation. Dalton introduced the concept of atomic theory, which proposed that atoms are indivisible and combine in specific ratios to form compounds. Avogadro's work on the relationship between the number of particles and the volume of gases contributed to the development of Avogadro's law. Mendeleev's periodic table of elements provided a systematic organization of elements based on their atomic properties.

Overall, while the earliest ideas about atoms were speculative and lacked scientific evidence, the later work of scientists involved experimentation and observation, leading to the development of atomic theories and our current understanding of atoms.

Final answer:

The earliest ideas about atoms by ancient philosophers were speculative and not based on experimentation. Later scientific work incorporated experimentation and more sophisticated tools, leading to a deeper understanding and concrete evidence of atomic structure, including the nuclear model, subatomic particles, and the periodic table.

Explanation:

The development of the earliest idea about atoms by ancient Greek philosophers such as Leucippus and Democritus was based on philosophical reasoning rather than empirical evidence, as they theorized matter to be made up of indivisible particles they called atomos. Centuries later, scientists like John Dalton, Amadeo Avogadro, Dmitri Mendeleev, and Ernest Rutherford built upon these early ideas, developing a more sophisticated understanding of atoms through systematic experimentation and observation. Their work made use of developing technologies to confirm the existence of atoms, leading to discoveries such as the nuclear model of the atom and the periodic table.

The early Greek concept held that matter could not be subdivided infinitely and proposed atoms as the smallest units, different in shape and size, and always in motion. Later scientific work, however, provided concrete evidence and expanded on these notions by finding atoms could indeed be split, revealing subatomic structures, conducting experiments to confirm their theories, and establishing a comprehensive organization of elements based on atomic weight and properties.

Answer:

The correct answer is; 'The carbon sample would have three times the mass of the helium sample'.

Explanation:

Number of moles of carbon = 3.0 moles

Mass of 3 moles of carbon ,m= [tex]3 moles\times 12 g/mol = 36 g[/tex]

Number of moles of helium = 3.0 moles

Mass of 3 moles of helium,m' = [tex]3 moles\times 4 g/mol = 12 g[/tex]

Grams of carbon do we have more than grams of helium:

Mass of carbon > Mass of helium

[tex]\frac{m}{m'}=\frac{36 g}{12 g}=3[/tex]

m =  3m'

The carbon sample would have three times the mass of the helium sample

Answer: Option (b) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

When there are more number of hydroxide ions in a solution then there will be high concentration of [tex]OH^{-}[/tex] or hydroxide ions. As a result, more will be the strength of base in that particular solution.

A base is strong when it readily dissociate into its ions in the solution. When a base is strong, then it does not matter at what concentration it is dissolved in the solution because despite of its low concentration it will remain a strong base.

Thus, we can conclude that out of the given options, the statement even at low concentrations, a strong base is strong best relates the strength and concentration of a base.

Answer:

B. salt water

Explanation:

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Answer:the answer is b

Explanation:got it right on ed

The word equation represented as a chemical equation is as follows:

Ag₂CO₃ → Ag₂O + C0₂

Cl₂ + 2KI → I₂ + 2KCl

I₂ + 3Cl₂ → 2 ICl₃

The word equation can be converted to chemical equation as follows:

Solid Silver carbonate decomposes into solid silver oxide and gaseous carbon dioxide when heated. Therefore,

Adding chlorine gas to a solution of potassium iodide gives solid iodine and a solution of potassium chloride. Therefore,

Iodine crystals react with chlorine gas to form iodine trichloride. Therefore,

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The word equations for the given reactions involve the decomposition of silver carbonate, the reaction between chlorine gas and potassium iodide, and the synthesis of iodine trichloride.

Word Equations for Chemical Reactions

Let's go through the word equations provided:

Solid Silver carbonate decomposes into solid silver oxide and gaseous carbon dioxide when heated:

Adding chlorine gas to a solution of potassium iodide gives solid iodine and a solution of potassium chloride:

Iodine crystals react with chlorine gas to form iodine trichloride:

Final answer:

The most useful characteristic to classify igneous rocks as intrusive or extrusive is the texture, specifically the size of the mineral grains, with larger grains indicating slow cooling and an intrusive nature, and smaller grains indicating fast cooling and an extrusive origin.

Explanation:

To classify igneous rocks as either intrusive or extrusive, the most useful characteristic of the samples would be the texture, particularly the size of the mineral grains. Intrusive, or plutonic, rocks form from magma that cools slowly inside the Earth, resulting in larger mineral grains that can often be identified without magnification. In contrast, extrusive, or volcanic, rocks form from lava that cools quickly on the Earth's surface, producing smaller grains that are harder to identify without magnification.

Considering the composition, rocks like diorite are coarse-grained and thus would be classified as intrusive. A rock with similar composition but fine grain size, like andesite, would be considered extrusive. When observing igneous rocks, you could use this information alongside a classification chart of igneous rocks based on mineral content, as suggested in Figures 2.11 and 2.12 provided in the course material.

Additionally, by comparing the physical characteristics of the samples to those listed in a Rock and Mineral Guide, you will be able to confirm whether your findings regarding whether the rock is mafic, felsic, intermediate, or ultramafic are accurate and whether the texture of the rock indicates an intrusive or extrusive origin.

The most useful characteristic to classify igneous rocks as either intrusive or extrusive is the size of the mineral grains.

Igneous rocks are classified based on how they were formed. Intrusive igneous rocks, also known as plutonic rocks, form when magma cools and solidifies slowly beneath Earth's surface. This slow cooling process allows large mineral grains to form, resulting in a coarse-grained or phaneritic texture. Examples of intrusive igneous rocks include granite and gabbro.

Extrusive igneous rocks, on the other hand, form when lava cools and solidifies rapidly at or near Earth's surface. The rapid cooling does not allow enough time for large mineral grains to form, resulting in a fine-grained or aphanitic texture, or sometimes a glassy texture if the cooling is extremely rapid. Examples of extrusive igneous rocks include basalt and rhyolite.

Electrons in the first energy level of an atom have the lowest possible energy, known as the ground state, which is the most stable configuration before any additional energy is introduced. Option B is correct.

Electrons in the first energy level of an atom have the lowest possible energy. This state is known as the ground state, which is the most stable configuration for an atom. Electrons in this lowest energy orbit maintain minimal energy before any external energy is introduced.

If the atom receives energy from an outside source, electrons may absorb this energy and transition to a higher energy level, or excited state, which is less stable. Upon returning to the ground state, the atom releases energy, often in the form of electromagnetic radiation such as light. This fundamental behavior is attributed to the quantized nature of electron energy levels, as described by quantum mechanics.

Hence, B. is the correct option.

Answer:

298.716 g of [tex]SiH_{4}[/tex]

Explanation:

[tex]SiH_{4}[/tex] is a molecule with one atom of Si and four atoms of H.

First you should calculate the molar mass of each atom:

Molar mass of Si = 28.0855

Molar mass of H = 1.00784

So, the molar mass of the [tex]SiH_{4}[/tex] will be:

Molar mass of [tex]SiH_{4}[/tex] = 28.0855 + (1.00784 x 4)

Molar mass of [tex]SiH_{4}[/tex] = [tex]32.12\frac{g}{mol}[/tex]

it means that one mol of [tex]SiH_{4}[/tex] has a molar mass of [tex]32.12\frac{g}{mol}[/tex].

Now you can calulate the mass:

[tex]9.30molesSiH_{4}*\frac{32.12gSiH_{4}}{1molSiH_{4}}[/tex] = 298.716 g of [tex]SiH_{4}[/tex]

Answer:

    ATP =  Adenine + Ribose sugar + Triphosphates

Explanation:

Adenosine tri phosphate is made up of adenine , ribose sugar and three phosphate which is soluble in water and has a high energy content. Energy is produced by breaking bonds between phosphates.

Then answer is =  Base+Sugar+Three phosphates.

Answer:

All amino acids have a central carbon with four components attached to it. One of these components is called the R group.

Which statement best describes the R group?

The R group stabilizes the amino acid.

The R group is the same in all amino acids.

The R group helps the amino acid replicate.

The R group gives the amino acid unique characteristics.

Explanation:

Final answer:

The R-group, or side chain, is what gives each amino acid its unique characteristics by varying in size, polarity, and pH, thus affecting amino acid interactions and functions.

Explanation:

All amino acids have a central asymmetric carbon, also known as the α carbon, to which four different components are attached: an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), a hydrogen atom (H), and a variable R-group or side chain. The R-group is essential in determining the unique characteristics of each amino acid. With the exception of glycine, where the R-group is just a hydrogen atom, the R-groups vary among amino acids, affecting their size, polarity, and pH, which in turn dictate how the amino acids interact with each other and their environment.

Therefore, the correct description of the R-group is that it gives the amino acid unique characteristics; the R-group is not involved in replication, nor is it the same in all amino acids, nor does it solely stabilize the amino acid.

Answer: The given statement is false.

Explanation:

In gases, the molecules are held by weak Vander waal forces. Hence, they have high kinetic energy due to which they move rapidly from one place to another leading to more number of collisions.

Hence, gases are able to expand more rapidly as compared to liquids.

Therefore, gases will expand to fill their container.

Whereas in liquids, the molecules are held by more strong intermolecular forces of attraction as compared to gases. Due to which they are not able to move much more freely.

Hence, liquids do not expand to fill their container.

Thus, we can conclude that the statement gases and liquids will both expand to fill their container, is false.

True, Gases and liquids both expand to fill their containers,

The statement that gases and liquids will both expand to fill their container is true. Gases, such as air, are composed mostly of empty space with molecules moving freely and constantly, causing a quantity of gas to expand to fill the entire container it's placed in, taking on the shape and volume of the container. Liquids, on the other hand, will also assume the shape of the part of the container they occupy, but have a definite volume and are not compressible like gases. This is also reflected in the fact that gases can be significantly compressed and have larger coefficients of volume expansion compared to liquids and solids, allowing them to expand and contract rapidly with temperature changes.

Answer:

1) pH = 4.51

2) pH = 4.87.

3) pH = 12.32

Explanation:

1) the Ka of propanoic acid is 1.34 X 10⁻⁵

Therefore pKa = 4.87

When we add 5 mL of 0.300 M NaOH the moles of base added is

moles = molarity X volume

moles = 0.300 X 5mL = 1.5 mmoles

moles of acid present = molarity X volume = 0.165 X 30.0 = 4.95 mmoles

on addition of 1.5 mmoles of base the moles of acid neutralized = 1.5mmole

This will result in formation of salt of the acid

the moles of salt formed = 1.5 mmoles

the moles of acid left = 4.95 - 1.5 = 3.45 mmol

this acid and its salt mixture results in formation of a buffer

the pH of buffer is calculated as:

pH = pKa + log [salt] / [acid]

pH = 4.87 + log [1.5/3.45] = 4.51

2) at half equivalence point the moles of acid becomes equal to moles of salt formed thus the pH of solution will become equal to the pKa of acid

pH = 4.87.

3) the moles of based added due to addition of 20.0 mL = molarity X volume

moles = 0.300 X 20 = 6mmol

This will completely neutralize the acid (4.95 mmol)

after neutralization the moles of base left = 6-4.95 = 1.05 mmol

Total volume of solution  = volume of acid + volume of base =30+20=50

concentration of hydroxide ion (due to excess base) = [tex]\frac{mmoles}{volume(mL)}[/tex]

[OH⁻]=0.021

pOH = -log[OH⁻]=1.68

pH = 14-pOH = 12.32

The titration results in the neutralization reaction with the addition of acid to the base. The pH with the addition of 5 ml of the base is 4.51. The pH at half equivalence is 4.87. The pH with 20 mL base is 12.32.

The pH can be defined as the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution.

The moles of acid in the solution is:

[tex]\rm Moles=Molarity\;\times\;Volume(L)[/tex]

[tex]\rm Moles\;propionic \;acid=0.165\;\times\;0.03\;L\\Moles\;propionic\;acid=4.95\;mmoles[/tex]

The moles of base, KOH in 5 mL will be:

[tex]\rm Moles\;KOH=0.3\;M\;\times\;0.0005\;L\\Moles\;KOH=1.5\;mmoles[/tex]

The moles of acid left after neutralization is:

[tex]\rm Moles\;acid\;left=4.95-1.15\;mmoles\\Moles\;acid\;left=3.45\;mmoles[/tex]

The pH of the solution can be given as:

[tex]\rm pH =pKa+log\dfrac{salt}{acid}\\ pH=4.87+log\dfrac{1.5}{3.45}\\pH=4.51[/tex]

The pH at half equivalence point will be equivalent to the pKa, as the moles of salt is equivalent to the moles of acid.

Thus, the pH at the half equivalence point is 4.87.

The moles of base added is:

[tex]\rm Moles\;KOH=0.3\;M\;\times\;0.02\;L\\Moles\;KOH=6\;mmol[/tex]

The acid will be completely neutralized with the formation of 4.95 mmol of salt. The base left in the reaction will be:

[tex]\rm Moles\;KOH\;left=6\;mmol-4.95\;mmol\\Moles\;KOH\;left=1.05\;mmol[/tex]

The final volume of the solution will be 50 mL. The molarity of the KOH in the solution will be:

[tex]\rm Molariy\;OH^-=\dfrac{mmoles}{volume}\\ Molarity\;OH^-=\dfrac{1.05}{50} \\Molarity\;OH^-=0.021[/tex]

The pOH of the solution is given as:

[tex]\rm pOH=-log[OH^-]\\pOH=-log(0.021)\\pOH=1.68[/tex]

The pH of the solution will be:

[tex]\rm pH=14-pOH\\pH=14-1.68\\pH=12.32[/tex]

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The answer is C 2,1,1,2