Answer:
The energy is [tex]9.4\times10^{-21}\ J[/tex]
(a) is correct option
Explanation:
Given that,
Energy = 4480 j
Weight of nitrogen = 20 g
Boil temperature = 77 K
Pressure = 1 atm
We need to calculate the internal energy
Using first law of thermodynamics
[tex]Q=\Delta U+W[/tex]
[tex]Q=\Delta U+nRT[/tex]
Put the value into the formula
[tex] 4480=\Delta U+\dfrac{20}{28}\times8.314\times77[/tex]
[tex]\Delta U=4480-\dfrac{20}{28}\times8.314\times77[/tex]
[tex]\Delta U=4022.73\ J[/tex]
We need to calculate the number of molecules in 20 g N₂
Using formula of number of molecules
[tex]N=n\times \text{Avogadro number}[/tex]
Put the value into the formula
[tex]N=\dfrac{20}{28}\times6.02\times10^{23}[/tex]
[tex]N=4.3\times10^{23}[/tex]
We need to calculate the energy
Using formula of energy
[tex]E=\dfrac{\Delta U}{N}[/tex]
Put the value into the formula
[tex]E=\dfrac{4022.73}{4.3\times10^{23}}[/tex]
[tex]E=9.4\times10^{-21}\ J[/tex]
Hence, The energy is [tex]9.4\times10^{-21}\ J[/tex]
The binding energy of a nitrogen molecule in the liquid is calculated using the formula for latent heat and Avogadro's number. Once the latent heat and the number of molecules are determined, we can find the energy per molecule and hence, the binding energy. After performing the calculations, we find the binding energy of a nitrogen molecule to be approximately 5.2 x 10^-21 J.
Explanation:To calculate the binding energy of a nitrogen molecule in the liquid, we can use the formula for latent heat. This is given by:
Q = mL, where,
Q = Heat energy applied (color change or state change)
m = mass
L = Latent heat
After calculating the latent heat, we can determine the number of moles of nitrogen gas formed and subsequently the number of molecules using Avogadro's number. Then, the energy per molecule is calculated by dividing the total heat absorbed by the number of molecules. Therefore, the binding energy will be the difference in energy per molecule (latent heat per molecule) between the liquid and the gaseous states.
The amount of heat given (Q) is 4480 J and the mass (m) of liquid nitrogen boiled is 20 g. The molar mass (M) of nitrogen (N2) is approximately 28 g/mol. Using this, we can rearrange the formula to find L which is the energy/mass.
Substituting the values, we get L = Q/m = 4480J / 20g = 224 J/g
The number of moles of N2(n) = m/M = 20g / 28 g/mol ~ 0.714 mol
The number of N2 molecules(N) = n x Avogadro's number = 0.714 mol x 6.022 x 10^23 mol^-1 ~ 4.3 x 10^23
Therefore, the binding energy of a nitrogen molecule (E) = L/N = 224J/g / 4.3 x 10^23 = ~5.2 x 10^-21 J.
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Lightning As a crude model for lightning, consider the ground to be one plate of a parallel-plate capacitor and a cloud at an altitude of 650 m to be the other plate. Assume the surface area of the cloud to be the same as the area of a square that is 0.70 km on a side. a. What is the capacitance of this capacitor?b. How much charge can the cloud hold before the dielectric strength of the air is exceeded and a spark (lightning) results?
Answer:
[tex]6.67154\times 10^{-9}\ F[/tex]
13.009503 C
Explanation:
[tex]\epsilon_0[/tex] = Permittivity of free space = [tex]8.85\times 10^{-12}\ F/m[/tex]
k = Dielectric constant of air [tex]3\times 10^6\ V/m[/tex]
Side of plate = 0.7 km
A = Area
d = Distance = 650 m
Capacitance is given by
[tex]C=\dfrac{\epsilon_0A}{d}\\\Rightarrow C=\dfrac{8.85\times 10^{-12}\times 700^2}{650}\\\Rightarrow C=6.67154\times 10^{-9}\ F[/tex]
The capacitance is [tex]6.67154\times 10^{-9}\ F[/tex]
Electric field is given by
[tex]Q=CV\\\Rightarrow Q=Ckd\\\Rightarrow Q=6.67154\times 10^{-9}\times 3\times 10^6\times 650\\\Rightarrow Q=13.009503\ C[/tex]
The charge on the cloud is 13.009503 C
The capacitance of the cloud-ground system is 6.67 nF, and the cloud can hold up to 13 C of charge before lightning occurs.
To model lightning using a parallel-plate capacitor, assume the ground is one plate and a cloud at 650 m altitude is the other. Let’s calculate the capacitance and the charge the cloud can hold before a lightning strike occurs.
We have the height h = 650 m and the side length L of the cloud's surface area is 0.70 km (700 m), making the area A = 700 m × 700 m = 490,000 m².The formula for capacitance C of a parallel-plate capacitor is:Therefore, the capacitance of the capacitor formed by the cloud and the ground is 6.67 nF, and the cloud can hold up to 13 C of charge before a lightning strike occurs.
A 0.500-kg mass suspended from a spring oscillates with a period of 1.36 s. How much mass must be added to the object to change the period to 2.04 s?
The mass that must be added is 0.628 kg
Explanation:
The period of a mass-spring system is given by
[tex]T=2\pi \sqrt{\frac{m}{k}}[/tex]
where
m is the mass
k is the spring constant
For the initial mass-spring system in the problem, we have
m = 0.500 kg
T = 1.36 s
Solving for k, we find the spring constant:
[tex]k=(\frac{2\pi}{T})^2 m = (\frac{2\pi}{1.36})^2 (0.500)=10.7 N/m[/tex]
In the second part, we want the period of the same system to be
T = 2.04 s
Therefore, the mass on the spring in this case must be
[tex]m=(\frac{T}{2\pi})^2 k =(\frac{2.04}{2\pi})^2 (10.7)=1.128 kg[/tex]
Therefore, the mass that must be added is
[tex]\Delta m = 1.128 - 0.500 = 0.628 kg[/tex]
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A raft is made of 14 logs lashed together. Each log is 42 cm in diameter and a length of 6.4 m. 42% of the log volume is above the water when no one is on the raft. Determine the following: the specific gravity of the logs.
Answer:
Explanation:
Given
No of logs [tex]n=14[/tex]
diameter of log [tex]d=42\ cm[/tex]
Length of log [tex]L=6.4\ m[/tex]
42 % of log volume(V) is above water when no one is on raft
so 58 % of log volume(V) is submerged in the water
Weight of 14 log
[tex]W=14\times \rho _{log}\times V\times g[/tex]
Buoyancy force on 14 logs [tex]F_b=14\times \rho _{water}\times 0.58V\times g[/tex]
as system is in equilibrium so
[tex]W=F_b[/tex]
[tex]14\times \rho _{log}\times V\times g=14\times \rho _{water}\times 0.58V\times g[/tex]
[tex]\rho _{log}=0.58\rho _{water}[/tex]
[tex]\frac{\rho _{log}}{\rho _{water}}=0.58[/tex]
Specific gravity of log [tex]=0.58[/tex]
Tests reveal that a normal driver takes about 0.75s before he or she can react to a situation to avoid a collision. It takes about 3s for a driver having 0.1% alcohol in his system to do the same.
If such drivers are traveling on a straight road at 30mph (44 )ft/s and their cars can decelerate at 24ft/s^2 , determine the shortest stopping distance d for normal driver from the moment he or she see the pedestrians.
Also, Determine the shortest stopping distance for drunk driver from the moment he or she see the pedestrians.
Answer:
NORMAL DRIVER: d = 73.3 ft
DRUNK DRIVER: d = 172.3
Explanation:
NORMAL DRIVER:
Distance covered in initial 0.75s = 0.75s *44 = 33ft
USING THE THIRD EQUATION OF MOTION
V^2-U^2 = 2as
0-(44)^2 = 2 (-24) s
s = 1936/48 =40.3 ft
d = 33 + 40.3 = 73.3 ft
DRUNK DRIVER:
Distance covered in initial 3s = 3s *44 = 132 ft
USING THE THIRD EQUATION OF MOTION
V^2-U^2 = 2as
0-(44)^2 = 2 (-24) s
s = 1936/48 =40.3 ft
d = 132 + 40.3 = 172.3 ft
A pulse waveform with a frequency of 10 kHz is applied to the input of a counter. During 100 ms, how many pulses are counted?
Answer:
n = 1000 pulses
Explanation:
Given that,
The frequency of a pulse waveform, [tex]f=10\ kHz=10^4\ Hz[/tex]
To find,
The number of pulses counted during 100 ms.
Solution,
The frequency of a pulse waveform is equal to the number of pulses per unit time. It is given by :
[tex]f=\dfrac{n}{t}[/tex]
[tex]n=f\times t[/tex]
[tex]n=10^4\ Hz\times 100\times 10^{-3}\ s[/tex]
n = 1000 pulses
So, there are 1000 pulses counted in a pulse waveform.
By what distance do two objects carrying 1.0 C of charge each have to be separated before the electric force exerted on each object is 5.5 N
Answer:
Distance between both the object will be 404.51 m
Explanation:
We have given charge on two objects [tex]q_1=q_2=1C[/tex]
Coulomb force between the two objects is given F = 5.5 N
We have to fond the distance between both the object so that force between them is 5.5 N
According to coulomb law force between two charge particle is [tex]F=\frac{1}{4\pi \epsilon _0}\frac{q_1q_2}{r^2}[/tex]
So [tex]5.5=\frac{9\times 10^9\times 1\times 1}{r^2}[/tex]
[tex]r^2=16.36\times 10^8[/tex]
r = 404.51 m
So distance between both object will be 404.51 m
Two force vectors are perpendicular, that is, the angle between their directions is ninety degrees and they have the same magnitude. If their magnitudes are 655 newtons, then what is the magnitude of their sum?
Answer:
[tex]F=926.31N[/tex]
Explanation:
To calculate the magnitude of the sum of the vectors we must find their components on the x and y axes, in this case, since they are perpendicular, one vector is on the x axis and the other is on the y axis:
[tex]F=\sqrt{F_x^2+F_y^2}\\F_x=A_x+B_x=A\\F_y=A_y+B_y=B\\F=\sqrt{A^2+B^2}\\F=\sqrt{(655N)^2+(655N)^2}\\F=926.31N[/tex]
Large wind turbines with a power capacity of 8 MW and blade span diameters of over 160 m are available for electric power generation. Consider a wind turbine with a blade span diameter of 100 m installed at a site subjected to steady winds at 8 m/s. Taking the overall efficiency of the wind turbine to be 34 percent and the air density to be 1.25 kg/m3, determine the electric power generated by this wind turbine. Also, assuming steady winds of 8 m/s during a 24 hour period, determine the amount of electric energy and the revenue generated per day for a unit price of $0.09/kWh for electricity.
To determine the electric power generated by the wind turbine, use the formula P = 0.5 x ρ x A x V^3 x η. Calculate the swept area of the blades using A = π x (d/2)^2. Multiply the power by the number of seconds in a day and convert it to kilowatt-hours to find the energy generated per day. Multiply the energy by the unit price of electricity to determine the revenue generated per day.
Explanation:To determine the electric power generated by the wind turbine, we need to use the formula P = 0.5 x ρ x A x V^3 x η, where P is the power, ρ is the air density, A is the swept area of the blades, V is the wind speed, and η is the efficiency of the turbine.
First, calculate the swept area of the blades using the formula A = π x (d/2)^2, where d is the diameter of the blade span.Next, substitute the given values into the formula and calculate the power.To determine the amount of electric energy generated in a day, multiply the power by the number of seconds in a day (24 hours x 60 minutes x 60 seconds), then convert it to kilowatt-hours.To calculate the revenue generated per day, multiply the amount of electric energy by the unit price of electricity.Learn more about Wind Turbine Power Generation here:https://brainly.com/question/34425549
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Two thin conducting plates, each 24.0 cm on a side, are situated parallel to one another and 3.4 mm apart. If 1012 electrons are moved from one plate to the other, what is the electric field between the plates?
Answer:
E=3.307×10⁻⁴N/C
Explanation:
Given data
Length of the plate side L=24.0 cm =0.24 m
Distance between the plates d= 3.4 mm
Number of electron moves from one plate to others n=1012 electrons
Permittivity of free space ε₀=8.85×10⁻¹²c²/N.m²
Electron charge e=-1.6×10⁻¹⁹C
To find
Electric field between the plates
Solution
E=σ/ε₀
[tex]E=\frac{(Q/A)}{E}\\ E=\frac{Q}{EA}\\ E=\frac{ne}{EA}\\ E=\frac{1012*()1.6*10^{-19} }{8.85*10^{-12}(0.24)(0.24)}\\ E=3.307*10^{-4}N/C[/tex]
If the water in a lake is everywhere at rest, what is the pressure as a function of distance from the surface? The air above the surface of the water is at standard sea-level atmospheric conditions. How far down must one go before the pressure is 1 atm greater than the pressure at the surface?
Answer:
Answer:
101325 + 10055.25h
//
h = 10.1 m
Explanation:
the pressure at sea level = 1 atm = 101325 Pa
density of sea water = 1025 kg/ m^(3)
pressure due to fluid height = pgh
Absolute pressure = 101325 + 1025*9.81*h
= 101325 + 10055.25h
where h= 0 at sea level at increases downwards
//
101325 = 1025* 9.81* h
h = 10.1 m
Explanation:
List and explain briefly similarities and differences between the electric force between two charges and the gravitational force between two masses.
Answer:
Please see below as the answers are self-explanatory.
Explanation:
Similarities1) The resultant force is along the line that joins both charges or both masses (assuming both objects can be represented as points)
2) Both type of forces obey Newton's 3rd law.
3) Both are proportional to the product of the property that is affected by the force (charges and masses)
4) Both obey an inverse - square law (consequence of our universe being three-dimensional)
Differences1) Main difference, is that while the gravitational force is always attractive, the electrostatic force can be attractive or repulsive, as there are two types of charges, which attract each other being of different type, and repel each other if they are of the same type.
2) It is possible, artificially, to block the influence of the electrostatic force, shielding a room, for instance, which is not possible for the gravitational force.
True / False:
O An ammeter must be placed in parallel with a resistor to measure the current through the resistor.
O A voltmeter is used to measure voltage.
O A voltmeter has a small internal resistance.
O An ammeter is used to measure current.
O A voltmeter must be placed in parallel with a resistor to measure the voltage across the resistor.
O An ammeter has a large internal resistance.
Answer: 1. False, an ammeter must be placed in a series connection to experience the same current which it is measuring
2. True, a voltmeter measures voltage (electric potential) in volts
3. False, a voltmeter should have high internal resistance such that it does not significantly alters current in a circuit.
4. True, a meters measure current
5. True, voltmeter would measure electric potential across a resistor
6. False, since they tend to influence the current in a circuit, ideally it should have very low resistance near zero
Explanation:
What is the magnitude of the net gravitational force on the m1=20kgm1=20kg mass? Assume m2=10kgm2=10kg and m3=10kg.
Answer:
The net force on the 20kg mass m1 is equal to 6.09 x 10^-7 N. This force is due to the sun of the vertical components of the forces F1 and F2 of the masses m2 and m3 respectively on the mass m1.
The law of gravitational force has been applied and the use of the Pythagorean theorem also used.
Explanation:
The full solution can be found in the attachment below.
Thank you for reading this post and I hope it is helpful to you.
The magnitude of the net gravitational force on the masses can be determined using Newton's law when the distance between the two masses is known.
Magnitude of gravitational force
The magnitude of gravitaional force on the two given masses can be determined by applying Newton's law of universal gravitation as shown below;
F = Gm₁m₂/r²
where;
G is universal gravitation constantr is the distance between the two massesm₁ is the first mass m₂ is the second massThus, the magnitude of the net gravitational force on the masses can be determined using Newton's law when the distance between the two masses is known.
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Calculate the rate of heat conduction through a layer of still air that is 1 mm thick, with an area of 1 m, for a temperature of 20C
Answer:
The rate of heat conduction through the layer of still air is 517.4 W
Explanation:
Given:
Thickness of the still air layer (L) = 1 mm
Area of the still air = 1 m
Temperature of the still air ( T) = 20°C
Thermal conductivity of still air (K) at 20°C = 25.87mW/mK
Rate of heat conduction (Q) = ?
To determine the rate of heat conduction through the still air, we apply the formula below.
[tex]Q =\frac{KA(\delta T)}{L}[/tex]
[tex]Q =\frac{25.87*1*20}{1}[/tex]
Q = 517.4 W
Therefore, the rate of heat conduction through the layer of still air is 517.4 W
Answer: Rate of heat transfer q = 517.4W
Explanation:
Thermal conductivity is a material property that describes its ability to conduct heat. Thermal conductivity is the quantity of heat transmitted through a unit thickness of a material, in a direction normal to a surface of unit area,due to a unit temperature gradient under steady state conditions. It can be shown mathematically using the equation below;
Q/t = kA(∆T)/d
q = kA(∆T)/d
q = Q/t = rate of heat transfer
Q = total amount of heat transfer
t = time
k = thermal conductivity of material
A = Area
d= distance
For the case above, the material used is still air.
k for still air at 20°C and 1bara = 0.02587W/mK
A = 1m^2
d = 1mm = 0.001m
∆T = 20°C = 20K
q = 0.02587×1×20/0.001
q = 517.4W
Therefore, the rate of heat conduction through the still air is 517.4W
A 19 cm long, 10 mm diameter string was found to stretch 3.5 mm under a force of 16 N. The string breaks at a force of 42 N. What is the stress in the string What is the strain in the string under a 13 N load?What is the modulus of elasticity of the string? (include units with answer) What is the ultimate strength D. (stress) of the string?
Answer:
Stress = 165,521 Pa
Strain = 0.015
Modulus of Elasticity = 11,034,742.72 Pa
Ultimate Tensile Stress = 534,761 Pa
Explanation:
Stress @ Force = 13 N
F = kΔx .... Eq 1
Evaluate k @ F = 16 N and Δx = 0.0035m
k = 16 N / 0.0035 m = 4571.43 N/m
Stress = Force / Area ..... Eq 2
Stress = 13 N *4 / π (0.01²) = 165,521.1408 Pa
Strain @ Force = 13 N
Strain = Δx / original Length = (F / k) / original Length
Hence,
Strain = (13 N / 4571.43 N / m) / 0.19 m = 0.015
Modulus of Elasticity (E)
E = Stress / Strain
E = 165,521.1408 Pa / 0.015 = 11,034,742.72 Pa
Ultimate Tensile Stress
Max Stress that can be achieved by a material
Stress = Fmax/Area
Stress = 42 N *4 / π (0.01²) = 534,761 Pa
You are standing at rest at a bus stop. A bus moving at a constant speed of 5.00 m>s passes you. When the rear of the bus is 12.0 m past you, you realize that it is your bus, so you start to run 2 toward it with a constant acceleration of 0.960 m>s .
A) How far would you have to run before you catch up with the rear of the bus?
B) How fast must you be running then? Find the final speed just as you reach the bus.
C) Would an average college student be physically able to accomplish this? Yes or No
Answer:
A) You have to run 73.8 m before you reach the rear of the bus.
B) When you catch the bus, your velocity will be 11.9 m/s.
C) No, an average college student would not reach the bus.
Explanation:
Hi there!
The equations of velocity and position that we will use are the following:
x = x0 + v0 · t + 1/2 · a · t²
v = v0 + a · t
Where:
x = position at time t.
x0 = initial position.
v0 = initial velocity.
t = time.
a = acceleration.
v = velocity at time t.
A) First, let´s find the time at which you catch the bus. At this time, the position of the bus and yours are the same:
When you catch the bus:
Bus position = your position
The equation of position of the bus with constant velocity is the following:
x = x0 + v · t
You have a constant acceleration, so your position will be given by the equation of position described above:
x = x0 + v0 · t + 1/2 · a · t²
If we place the origin of the frame of reference at the bus stop, your initial position is zero (and the initial position of the bus is 12.0 m). Since you start from rest, your initial velocity is also zero. Then:
Bus position = your position
x0 + v · t = 1/2 · a · t²
12.0 m + 5.00 m/s · t = 1/2 · 0.960 m/s² · t²
0 = 0.48 m/s² · t² - 5.00 m/s · t - 12.0 m
Solving the quadratic equation for t:
t = 12.4 s
You catch the bus in 12.4 s, now, we have to find the distance you run in that time:
x = x0 + v0 · t + 1/2 · a · t²
Since x0 and v0 = 0
x = 1/2 · a · t²
x = 1/2 · 0.960 m/s² · (12.4 s)²
x = 73.8 m
You have to run 73.8 m before you reach the rear of the bus.
B) Now, let´s use the equation of velocity to find your velocity at t = 12.4 s.
v = v0 + a · t
Since v0 = 0:
v = a · t
v = 0.960 m/s² · 12.4 s
v = 11.9 m/s
When you catch the bus, your velocity will be 11.9 m/s.
C) The record of Usain Bolt is 12.4 m/s. You would have to run almost as fast as Usain Bolt to catch the bus. So the answer is no, an average college student would not reach the bus.
The largest and smallest slits in these experiments are 0.16mm and 0.04mm wide, respectively. The wavelength of the laser light is 650nm. How many wavelengths wide are these slits?
To solve this problem we will convert the values given to international units (meters) and then proceed to calculate the number of wavelengths through the division of the width over the wavelength. This is,
[tex]\lambda = 650 nm =650 * 10^{-9} m[/tex]
[tex]w_1 = 0.16 mm = 0.16 * 10^{-3} m[/tex]
[tex]w_2 = 0.04 mm =0.04 * 10^{-3} m[/tex]
Now the number of wavelengths is the division between the total width over the wavelength therefore
First case,
[tex]\frac{w_1}{\lambda} = \frac{ 0.16 * 10^{-3}}{650 * 10^{-9}} = 4062.5 * 10^6[/tex]
Second case,
[tex]\frac{w_2}{\lambda} = \frac{0.04 * 10^{-3} }{650 * 10^{-9} } = 16250 * 10^6[/tex]
Under electrostatic conditions, the electric field just outside the surface of any charged conductor:
A. is equal to the electric field just inside the surface of the conductor.
B. can have nonzero components perpendicular to and parallel to the surface of the conductor, if it is not symmetric.
C. is always zero.
D. is always perpendicular to the surface of the conductor.
E. is always parallel to the surface of the conductor.
Answer:
D. is always perpendicular to the surface of the conductor
Explanation:
1) Answer is (D) option. Electric field just outside surface of charged conductor is normal to conductor at that point.
It can be explained on the basis of the fact that, Electric field inside conductor under static condition is zero. As a result potential difference between any two points with in conductor is zero. So whole of conductor is equipotential body.
Equipotential surface and Electric field lines always cut at 90 degrees to each other. Conductor being equipotential body, Electric field lines starting or terminating at conductor must be normal to surface. Hence electric field just outside conductor is perpendicular or normal to surface.
A person travels by car from one city to another with different constant speeds between pairs of cities. She drives for 30.0 min at 80.0 km/h, 45.0 min at 40 km/h and 12.0 min at 100 km/h, and spends 15.0 min eating lunch and buying gas. Determine the average sped for the trip. Determine the difference between the intial citties along the route.
Answer:
Average speed of the trip = 52.9 km/h
Distance between initial pairs of cities (start to end) = 70.0 km
Explanation:
Since distance = speed × time
If she drives 30.0 min at 80.0 km/h
Distance covered = (30/60) × 80 = 40.0 km
Again she drives 45.0 min at 40 km/h
Distance covered = (45/60) × 40 = 30.0 km
Again she drives 12.0 min at 100 km/h
Distance covered = (12/60) × 100 = 20.0 km
Total distance covered = 40.0 + 30.0 + 20.0
= 90.0 km
Total time spent = 30.0 + 45.0 + 12.0 +15.0
= 102 min
Average speed for the trip = Total distance covered/total time spent
= 90/(102/60)
= 52.9 km/h
Distance between initial cities will be between the start of one city to the end of another
Between the first pairs = 40.0 + 30.0 = 70.0 km
Between the second pairs = 30.0 + 20.0 = 50.0 km
Final answer:
The average speed for the trip, excluding stops, is approximately 62.1 km/h, and the total distance traveled between the initial cities is 90.0 km.
Explanation:
To determine the average speed for the trip, we need to calculate the total distance traveled and divide it by the total time taken, excluding any stops. We will calculate distance as speed multiplied by time for each segment of the trip, convert the minutes into hours, and then sum these distances to find the total distance traveled.
First segment: 80 km/h x 0.5 h = 40.0 km
Second segment: 40 km/h x 0.75 h = 30.0 km
Third segment: 100 km/h x 0.2 h = 20.0 km
Total distance = 40.0 km + 30.0 km + 20.0 km = 90.0 km
Now, let's calculate the total travel time in hours, remembering to exclude the time spent not driving (the lunch and gas stop).
Driving time = 30 min + 45 min + 12 min = 87 min = 1.45 h
The average speed is then total distance divided by total driving time.
Average speed = 90.0 km / 1.45 h ≈ 62.1 km/h
To determine the difference between the initial cities along the route, we use the total distance traveled, which we have found to be 90.0 km.
In a vacuum, two particles have charges of q1 and q2, where q1 = +3.11 μC. They are separated by a distance of 0.241 m, and particle 1 experiences an attractive force of 3.44 N.
What is the magnitude and sign of q2?
Answer:
Charge of particle 2, [tex]q_2=-7.13\ \mu C[/tex]
Explanation:
Given that,
Charge 1, [tex]q_1=3.11\ \mu C=3.11\times 10^{-6}\ C[/tex]
The distance between charges, r = 0.241 m
Force experienced by particle 1, F = 3.44 N
We need to find the magnitude of electric charge 2. It can be calculated using formula of electrostatic force. It is given by :
[tex]F=k\dfrac{q_1q_2}{r^2}[/tex]
[tex]q_2=\dfrac{Fr^2}{kq_1}[/tex]
[tex]q_2=\dfrac{3.44\times (0.241)^2}{9\times 10^9\times 3.11\times 10^{-6}}[/tex]
[tex]q_2=7.13\times 10^{-6}\ C[/tex]
or
[tex]q_2=7.13\ \mu C[/tex]
So, the magnitude of electric charge 2 is [tex]q_2=7.13\ \mu C[/tex]. Since, the force is attractive then the magnitude of charge 2 must be negative.
Final answer:
To determine the magnitude and sign of q2, Coulomb's Law is applied, revealing that q2 has a negative charge of approximately -4.48 μC, due to the attractive force observed.
Explanation:
To find the magnitude and sign of q2, we will use Coulomb's Law, which quantifies the electric force between two charged particles. Coulomb's Law is given by the formula F = k |q1*q2| / r^2, where F is the magnitude of the force between the charges, k is Coulomb's constant (8.99 x 10^9 N m^2/C^2), q1 and q2 are the magnitudes of the charges, and r is the distance between the charges.
Given that q1 = +3.11 μC (or 3.11 x 10^-6 C), r = 0.241 m, and F = 3.44 N, and knowing that the force is attractive (indicating that q2 must have an opposite sign to q1), we can solve for q2 as follows:
F = k |q1*q2| / r^2
3.44 = (8.99 x 10^9) |(3.11 x 10^-6) * q2| / (0.241)^2
Solving for q2, we get q2 ≈ -4.48 x 10^-6 C. The negative sign indicates that q2 is negatively charged, and the magnitude of this charge is 4.48 μC.
A force of 10 N is applied to an object. How much work is done by moving the object a distance of 5 m
Answer:
Work done on the object will be 50 J
Explanation:
We have given force force applied on the object F = 10 N
Object move by a distance of 5 m
So d = 5 m
We have to find the work done on the object by the force
Work done is given by [tex]work=force\times distance[/tex]
So work done [tex]=10\times 5=50J[/tex]
So work done on the object will be 50 J
While riding in a moving car, you toss an egg directly upward. Does the egg tend to land behind you,in front of you,or back in your hands if the car is
(a) traveling at a constant speed,
(b) increasing in speed,and
(c) decreasing in speed
Answer:
a) In the hand
b) behind the hand
c) in front of the hand
Explanation:
a)
When traveling at a constant speed when an egg is tossed directly upwards it lands back in our hand. It is so because the instant when the egg is released from the hand the egg has the same velocity as the velocity of the person sitting in the moving car, and hence by the virtue of inertia of motion it land lands back in our hand.
b)
When we toss an egg while the car is accelerating then the egg lands behind the hand because the hand along with the car is accelerating ahead. The instant when the egg is released from the hand the car is accelerating then the car has a lower velocity which the egg acquires in the air, while the egg is in the air the car further gains the velocity and hence the egg lands behind the hand.
C)
When the speed of the car is decreasing then the egg lands in front of the hand because the moment when the egg was tossed into the air it acquired the instantaneous velocity of the car from that moment and then while it was in the air it had the same velocity as initial while the car further decelerated.
A block attached to a spring with unknown spring constant oscillates with a period of 7.0 s. Parts a to d are independent questions, each referring to the initial situation. What is the period if
a. The mass is halved?
b. The amplitude is doubled?
c. The spring constant is doubled?
d. The mass is doubled?
a) 4.95 s when the mass is halved
b) 7.00 s when the amplitude is doubled
c) 4.95 s when spring constant is doubled
d) 9.9 s when mass is doubled
Given:
T₀=7.0 s
The equation for the time period of the object is
[tex]T=2*\pi *\sqrt{\frac{m}{k} }[/tex] ......................(i)
where m= mass of an object and k= spring constant
For solving a.m= 1/2
∵T=7.0 s
On substituting value in equation (i)
Thus, T=4.95 s
For solving b.Time period does not depend on amplitude thus,
T=7.0 s
For solving c.Spring constant, k=2k
On substituting value in equation (i)
Thus, T=4.95 s
For solving d.Mass=2m
On substituting value in equation (i)
Thus, T=9.9 s
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The period of a mass-spring oscillating system changes based on variations in mass and spring constant but not amplitude. If the mass is halved or the spring constant is doubled, the period decreases to approximately 4.95 s. If the mass is doubled, the period increases to approximately 9.90 s.
Explanation:The period of oscillation for a mass attached to a spring is given by the formula T = 2π√(m/k), where T is the period, m is the mass, and k is the spring constant. Keeping this formula in mind, let's evaluate how changes to the system will affect the period of oscillation:
a. Halving the mass: Since the period is directly proportional to the square root of the mass, if the mass is halved, the period will be reduced by a factor of the square root of 1/2, which is approximately 0.707. Therefore, the new period would be 7.0 s * 0.707 ≈ 4.95 s.b. Doubling the amplitude: The amplitude does not affect the period of a simple harmonic oscillator, so the period will remain the same at 7.0 s.c. Doubling the spring constant: The period is inversely proportional to the square root of the spring constant. When k is doubled, the period becomes 1/√2 times the original period. Therefore, it will be 7.0 s / √2 ≈ 4.95 s.d. Doubling the mass: Similar to halving the mass, doubling the mass would increase the period by √2. The new period would be 7.0 s * √2 ≈ 9.90 s.
A(n) 12500 lb railroad car traveling at 7.8 ft/s couples with a stationary car of 7430 lb. The acceleration of gravity is 32 ft/s 2 . What is their velocity after the collision
To solve this problem we will apply the concepts related to the conservation of momentum. That is, the final momentum must be the same final momentum. And in each state, the momentum will be the sum of the product between the mass and the velocity of each object, then
[tex]\text{Initial Momentum} = \text{Final Momentum}[/tex]
[tex]m_1u_1 +m_2u_2 = m_1v_1+m_2v_2[/tex]
Here,
[tex]m_{1,2}[/tex]= Mass of each object
[tex]u_{1,2}[/tex]= Initial velocity of each object
[tex]v_{1,2}[/tex]= Final velocity of each object
When they position the final velocities of the bodies it is the same and the car is stationary then,
[tex]m_2u_2 = (m_1+m_2)v_f[/tex]
Rearranging to find the final velocity
[tex]v_f = \frac{m_2u_2}{ (m_1+m_2)}[/tex]
[tex]v_f = \frac{ 12500*7.8}{ 12500+7430}[/tex]
[tex]v_f = 4.8921ft/s[/tex]
The expression for the impulse received by the first car is
[tex]I = m_1 (v-u)[/tex]
[tex]I = \frac{W}{g} (v-u)[/tex]
Replacing,
[tex]I = \frac{12500}{32.2}(4.89-7.8)[/tex]
[tex]I = -1129.65lb\cdot s[/tex]
The negative sign show the opposite direction.
In a Young's double-slit experiment, a set of parallel slits with a separation of 0.142 mm is illuminated by light having a wavelength of 576 nm and the interference pattern observed on a screen 3.50 m from the slits. (a) What is the difference in path lengths from the two slits to the location of a fourth order bright fringe on the screen? μm (b) What is the difference in path lengths from the two slits to the location of the fourth dark fringe on the screen, away from the center of the pattern? μm
Answer:
[tex]1.152\ \mu m[/tex]
[tex]1.44\ \mu m[/tex]
Explanation:
d = Gap between slits = 0.142 mm
[tex]\lambda[/tex] = Wavelength of light = 576 nm
L = Distance between light and screen = 3.5 m
m = Order = 2
Difference in path length is given by
[tex]\delta=dsin\theta=m\lambda\\\Rightarrow \delta=2\times 576\times 10^{-9}\\\Rightarrow \delta=0.000001152\ m\\\Rightarrow \delta=1.152\times 10^{-6}\ m=1.152\ \mu m[/tex]
The difference in path lengths is [tex]1.152\ \mu m[/tex]
For dark fringe the difference in path length is given by
[tex]\delta=(m+\dfrac{1}{2})\lambda\\\Rightarrow \delta=(2+\dfrac{1}{2})\times 576\times 10^{-9}\\\Rightarrow \delta=0.00000144\ m=1.44\ \mu m[/tex]
The difference in path length is [tex]1.44\ \mu m[/tex]
A tuned mass damper for a skyscraper consists of a mass–spring system with spring constant 0.288 M/m. What should be its mass if it’s to oscillate with a period of 5.91 s
Answer:
m = 0.255kg
Explanation:
from the formular of a mass - spring system
T = 2π√m/k
making m as the subject of formular
m = T² k/4π²
T =5.91s
k = 0.288 N/m
m = 10.059/39.489
m = 0.255kg
a) What is the resistance of a lightbulb that uses an average power of 25.0 W when connected to a 60.0-Hz power source having a maximum voltage of 170 V?
To solve this problem we will start considering the relationship between rms voltage and the maximum voltage. Once the RMS voltage is obtained, we will proceed to find the system current through the given power and the voltage found. Finally by Ohm's law we will find the resistance of the system
The relation of RMS Voltage is,
[tex]V_{rms} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}*V_{max}[/tex]
Note that this conversion is independent from the Frequency.
[tex]V_{rms} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}*(170)[/tex]
[tex]V_{rms}= 120.20V[/tex]
Now the current is,
[tex]I =\frac{P}{V}[/tex]
[tex]I = \frac{(25 W)}{(120.20V)}[/tex]
[tex]I = 0.2079A[/tex]
By Ohm's Law
[tex]V = IR \rightarrow R = \frac{V}{I}[/tex]
Replacing,
[tex]R = \frac{ (120.20 V)}{ ( 0.2079 A)}[/tex]
[tex]R = 578.16 \Omega[/tex]
Therefore the resistance of this lightbulb is[tex]578.16 \Omega[/tex]
The resistance of the lightbulb is 1156.5 Ω. It can be calculated using Ohm's Law, which states that resistance is equal to voltage divided by current.
Explanation:The resistance of a lightbulb can be found using Ohm's Law, which states that resistance is equal to voltage divided by current. In this case, we need to find the resistance of a lightbulb that uses an average power of 25.0 W when connected to a 60.0-Hz power source with a maximum voltage of 170 V. We can start by finding the current using the formula P = IV, where P is power and I is current. Rearranging the formula gives us I = P/V. Plugging in the given values, we get I = 25.0 W / 170 V = 0.147 A. Now we can use Ohm's Law to find the resistance. R = V/I = 170 V / 0.147 A = 1156.5 Ω.
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A girl delivering newspapers covers her route by traveling 5.00 blocks west, 5.00 blocks north, and then 7.00 blocks east. What is her final position relative to her starting location?
Answer:
P = 2i + 5j
Therefore she is 2 blocks east and 5 blocks north.
Resultant P = √(2^2 + 5^2) = √(4+25) = √29 = 5.4 blocks
Angle = taninverse (5/2)
Angle = 68.2°
Explanation:
Given:
Let west be negative and east be positive x axis.
Let north be the positive y axis.
5.00blocks west = -5.00 i
5.00 blocks north = 5.00 j
7.00 blocks east = 7.00i
Addition of the vector form of hee position is;
P = -5i +7i -5j
P = 2i + 5j
Therefore she is 2 blocks east and 5 blocks north.
Resultant P = √(2^2 + 5^2) = √(4+25) = √29 = 5.4 blocks
Angle = taninverse (5/2)
Angle = 68.2°
A 1.40 kg object is held 1.15 m above a relaxed, massless vertical spring with a force constant of 300 N/m. The object is dropped onto the spring.
How far does the object compress the spring?
Repeat part (a), but now assume that a constant air-resistance force of 0.600 N acts on the object during its motion.
How far does the object compress the spring if the same experiment is performed on the moon, where g = 1.63 m/s2 and air resistance is neglected?
Answer:
a) [tex]\Delta x =0.32433\ m= 324.33\ mm[/tex]
b) [tex]\delta x=0.087996\ m=87.996\ mm[/tex]
c) [tex]\delta x=0.13227\ m=132.27\ mm[/tex]
Explanation:
Given:
mass of the object, [tex]m=1.4\ kg[/tex]height of the object above the spring, [tex]h=1.15\ m[/tex]spring constant, [tex]k=300\ N.m^{-1}[/tex]a)
When the object is dropped onto the spring whole of the gravitational potential energy of the mass is converted into the spring potential energy:
[tex]PE_g=PE_s[/tex]
[tex]m.g.h=\frac{1}{2} \times k.\Delta x^2[/tex]
[tex]1.4\times 9.8\times 1.15=0.5\times 300\times \Delta x^2[/tex]
[tex]\Delta x =0.32433\ m= 324.33\ mm[/tex] is the compression in the spring
b)
When there is a constant air resistance force of 0.6 newton then the apparent weight of the body in the medium will be:
[tex]w'=m.g-0.6[/tex]
[tex]w'=1.4\times 9.8-0.6[/tex]
[tex]w'=1.01\ N[/tex]
Now the associated gravitational potential energy is converted into the spring potential energy:
[tex]PE_g'=PE_s[/tex]
[tex]w'.h=\frac{1}{2} \times k.\delta x^2[/tex]
[tex]1.01\times 1.15=0.5\times 300\times \delta x^2[/tex]
[tex]\delta x=0.087996\ m=87.996\ mm[/tex]
c)
On moon, as per given details:
[tex]m.g'.h=\frac{1}{2} \times k.\delta x^2[/tex]
[tex]1.4\times 1.63\times 1.15=0.5\times 300\times \delta x^2[/tex]
[tex]\delta x=0.13227\ m=132.27\ mm[/tex]
The velocity of P-waves in the crust is ~ 7 km/s. Of the epicenter of an M 7.6 earthquake occurred 280 km from the closest seismic station, how long does it take the P-wave to arrive at the station
Answer:
t = 40 s
Explanation:
given,
Speed of the P-wave = 7 km/s
distance of the seismic station = 280 Km
time taken by the P-wave = ?
we know,
distance = speed x time
[tex]t = \dfrac{d}{s}[/tex]
[tex]t = \dfrac{280}{7}[/tex]
t = 40 s
time taken by the P-wave to arrive at the station is equal to 40 s.
Final answer:
The P-wave takes approximately 40 seconds to arrive at the closest seismic station.
Explanation:
The P-waves in the crust travel at a velocity of approximately 7 km/s. To determine the time it takes for the P-wave to arrive at a seismic station, we can use the equation:
Time = Distance / Velocity
In this case, the distance to the epicenter of the earthquake is given as 280 km. Plugging this value into the equation, we get:
Time = 280 km / 7 km/s = 40 seconds
So, it takes approximately 40 seconds for the P-wave to arrive at the closest seismic station.