The balanced chemical equation, 2NO (g) + 5H2 (g) (Arrow pointing this way >>) 2NH3 (g) + 2H2O (g), can be expressed in words as:

Nitrogen dioxide gas plus hydrogen gas yields ammonia gas plus water

Nitrogen monoxide gas plus hydrogen gas yields ammonia gas plus water vapor

Nickel monoxide gas plus hydrogen gas yields nitrogen trihydride plus water

Nitrogen oxide gas plus hydrogen gas yields ammonia gas plus water vapor

I think it's either B, or D. I can't figure out which one it is though. Please help.

Answer:

true

Explanation:

To solve this we use the equation, 

M1V1 = M2V2

where M1 is the concentration of the stock solution, V1 is the volume of the stock solution, M2 is the concentration of the new solution and V2 is its volume.

2 M x V1 = 0.1 M x .5 L

V1 = 0.025 L or 25 mL of the 2 M KCl solution is needed

To prepare 500. ml of a 0.100 M KCl solution, 25 ml of a 2.00 M KCl solution is required.

For making the dilutions, the following equation can be used:

[tex]\rm M_1V_1\;=\;M_2V_2[/tex]

Where, M1 and V1 are the molarity and the volume of the solution to be diluted. M2 and V2 are the molarity and volume of the final solution.

Here, M1 = 2.0 M KCl

M2 = 0.1 M KCl

V2 = 500 ml

So, the volume of 2.0 M KCl required will be V2 :

V2 = [tex]\rm \dfrac{M_2V_2}{M_1}[/tex]

[tex]\rm V_2\;=\;\dfrac{0.1\;\times\;500}{2}\;ml[/tex]

[tex]\rm V_2[/tex] = 25 ml.

25 ml of a 2.00 M KCl solution is required to prepare 500. ml of a 0.100 M KCl solution.

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Answer : The correct option is, (B) Temperature = [tex]0^oC[/tex] and Pressure = 1 atm

Explanation :

STP : STP stands for standard temperature and pressure.

At STP,

The temperature is, [tex]0^oC[/tex] or [tex]32^oF[/tex]

The pressure is, [tex]1atm[/tex] or [tex]101.325kPa[/tex]

The volume is, 22.4 L

Hence, the correct option is, (B) Temperature = [tex]0^oC[/tex] and Pressure = 1 atm

The volume of 32.7 grams of water vapor at standard temperature and pressure can be calculated by first finding the number of moles and then using the Ideal Gas Law.

To solve this problem, we need to use the Ideal Gas Law, which is PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature. Firstly, we calculate the number of moles of the water vapor. Since the molecular weight of water (H2O) is approximately 18 g/mol, 32.7 grams is about 32.7/18 = 1.817 moles. The value of R in liter·kPa/K·mol is 8.314. The temperature T is given in the problem as 273 K.

Now we can put all these values into the Ideal Gas Law:

100 kPa * V = 1.817 mol * 8.314 kPa L−1 K−1mol−1 * 273 K

Solving the above equation for V would give us the volume in liters of the water vapor under the given conditions.

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32.7 grams of water vapor occupies 41.1 liters at standard temperature and pressure (273 K and 100 kPa).

To determine the volume of 32.7 grams of water vapor at standard temperature and pressure (273 K and 100 kPa), we use the ideal gas law, PV = nRT. First, we need to convert the mass of water (H₂O) into moles:

Next, we plug this value into the ideal gas law formula. Given that P = 100 kPa, V is what we need to find, n = 1.814 moles, R (ideal gas constant) = 8.314 J/(mol·K), and T = 273 K:

V = nRT / P
V = (1.814 moles) × (8.314 J/(mol·K)) × (273 K) / (100 kPa)
Since 100 kPa = 100,000 Pa (because 1 kPa = 1000 Pa):

Therefore, at standard temperature and pressure, 32.7 grams of water vapor occupies 41.1 liters.

The number of moles of helium in a balloon is equal to 0.135 mol.

A mole is an international standard unit that is used to determine the count of particles in a given amount of substance. The particles counted are commonly chemically similar entities, individually distinct.

A mole can be used to evaluate a huge number of quantities of atoms, molecules, ions, or particular particles. The amount of chemical substance can be determined by the measurement of elementary entities of a given substance in a sample.

The number of units in one mole is 6.023 × 10²³ which is known as Avogadro’s constant.

Given,  the mass of the helium in ballon = 0.54 g

The mass of one mole of Helium = 4.0 g

4.0 g of helium has moles = 1

Then, the number of moles of Helium in 0.54 g He = 0.54/4 = 0.135 mol

Therefore, the number of moles of Helium in ballon is 0.135 mol.

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Answer:

3 moles of HClO₄ is required to neutralize 1 mole Al(OH)₃.

Explanation:

The neutralization reaction between HClO₄and Al(OH)₃is as follows:

HClO₄ + Al(OH)₃ -> Al(ClO₄)₃ + H₂O

The balanced reaction is as follows:

3HClO₄ + Al(OH)₃ -> Al(ClO₄)₃ + 3H₂O

Based on the balanced molecular equation the molar ratio of HClO₄ : Al(OH)₃ is 3:1.  

So 3 moles of HClO₄ is required to neutralize 1 mole Al(OH)₃.  

[tex]\boxed{{\text{C}}{{\text{l}}^ - }}[/tex] ionsact as spectator ions if solutions of [tex]{\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}}{\text{Cl}}[/tex] and [tex]{\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}[/tex] are mixed.

Further explanation:

Buffer solution offers resistance to any changes in their pH if strong acid or base is added to them. These are usually aqueous solution consisting of weak acid and its conjugate base.

Buffers can be acidic or basic as described below.

Acidic buffer:

These solutions have pH less than 7 and are formed by weak acid and its conjugate base.

Basic buffer:

These solutions have pH more than 7 and are formed by weak base and its conjugate acid.

Spectator ions are those ions that are present in same form on both sides of the chemical reaction. In other words, these ions do not participate in chemical reactions and cannot affect the reaction equilibrium. Since these are not involved in overall chemical reaction, spectator ions are not included while writing net ionic equations for any chemical reaction.

If solutions of [tex]{\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}}{\text{Cl}}[/tex] and [tex]{\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}[/tex] are mixed, it results in the formation of buffer [tex]{\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}}{\text{Cl}}[/tex]. is a salt of weak acid and its dissociation occurs as follows:

 [tex]{\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}}{\text{Cl}} \rightleftharpoons {\text{NH}}_4^ + + {\text{C}}{{\text{l}}^ - }[/tex]

The reaction of given buffer can be written as follows:

[tex]{\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_3} + {{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{O}} \rightleftharpoons {\text{NH}}_4^ + + {\text{O}}{{\text{H}}^ - }[/tex]  

Since [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{l}}^ - }[/tex]  ions are not involved in net chemical reaction for buffer solution of [tex]{\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{4}}}{\text{Cl}}[/tex] and [tex]{\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}}[/tex] , these ions act as spectator ions.

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Answer details:

Grade: Senior School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Buffer solutions

Keywords: buffer solution, NH4Cl, NH3, NH4+, Cl-, OH-, H2O, buffer, spectator ions.

pH stands for the power of hydrogen. pH that ranges form 1-6.9 are acid substances. At pH 1 - 2.9, the substance is highly acidic which will have the color from red to red - orange. At pH 3 - 4, the substance is mildly acidic and the color range is from red - orange to orange. At pH 4.1 – 6.9, the substance is weakly acidic and the color range is from orange to yellow. At pH 7, it is neutral and it is green in color. At pH 7.1-14, it is basic. At pH 7.1 - 10.9, the substance is weakly basic the color range is from green to blue. At pH 11 - 13, the substance is mildly basic and the color range is from blue to purple. At pH 13.1 – 14, the substance is highly basic and the color range is from purple to light purple.

Answer : The correct option is, [tex]30.9^oC[/tex]

Explanation :

Formula used :

[tex]q=m\times c\times \Delta T=m\times c\times (T_{final}-T_{initial})[/tex]

where,

[tex]q[/tex] = heat released = 24 KJ

[tex]m[/tex] = mass of bomb calorimeter = 1.30 Kg

[tex]c[/tex] = specific heat = [tex]3.41J/g^oC[/tex]

[tex]T_{final}[/tex] = final temperature = ?

[tex]T_{initial}[/tex] = initial temperature = [tex]25.5^oC[/tex]

Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get  the final temperature of the calorimeter.

[tex]q=m\times c\times (T_{final}-T_{initial})[/tex]

[tex]24KJ=1.30Kg\times 3.41J/g^oC\times (T_{final}-25.5)^oC[/tex]

[tex]T_{final}=30.9^oC[/tex]

Therefore, the final temperature of the calorimeter is, [tex]30.9^oC[/tex]

Answer:

Final temperature is 30,9°C

Explanation:

A bomb calorimeter is an instrument that allows the determination of the heat of combustion of a reaction. The heat q is defined as:

q = C×m×ΔT (1)

Where:

C is specif heat of calorimeter (3,41 J/g°C)

m is mass (1,3kg ≡ 1300g)

And ΔT is final temperature - initial temperature (X-25,5°C) X is final temperature

And q is heat (24,0kJ ≡ 24000J)

Replacing in (1):

24000J = 3,41J/g°C×1300g×(X-25,5°C)

5,41 = X-25,5°C

25,5°C + 5,41 = X

30,91°C = X

Final temperature is 30,9°C

I hope it helps!

An acid.

An acidic compound.

*Acids increase concentrations of H+ ions.

NaOH + HCl →  NaCl + H[tex]_2[/tex]O is the equation for this neutralization reaction and 50 M is the molarity of the acid.

Molarity is also known as concentration in terms of quantity, molarity, or substance. It is a way to gauge how much of a certain chemical species—in this case, a solute—is present in a solution. It refers to the substance in unit solution volume in terms of quantity.

The amount of moles every litre is the molarity unit that is most frequently used in chemistry. One mol/L of a solution's concentration is referred to as its molarity. It is frequently abbreviated as 1 M. A total number of molecules of solute in one litre of solution is the molarity of a specific solution. The changes inside the system's physical parameters determine the molar mass of a solution.

NaOH + HCl →  NaCl + H[tex]_2[/tex]O

no. of moles of NaOH : 20× (25.0÷1000)=0.5 mol

NaCl : HCl

1mol : 1 mol

0.5mol:0.5mol

HCl molarity: 0.5 mol ÷ (10÷1000) =50 M

Therefore, NaOH + HCl →  NaCl + H[tex]_2[/tex]O is the equation for this neutralization reaction and 50 M is the molarity of the acid.

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To determine the pH of a solution which has 0.06 m in sodium benzoate (nac7h5o2) and 0.09 m in benzoic acid (hc7h5o2), we use the ICE table and the acid dissociation constant of hc7h5o2 to determine the concentration of the hydrogen ion present at equilibrium. We do as follows:

HC7H5O2 = H+ + C7H5O2-
NaC7H5O2 = Na+ + C7H5O2-

Therefore, the only source of hydrogen ion would be the acid. We use the ICE table,
                   HC7H5O2           H+        C7H5O2-
I                     0.09                  0              0.06
C                      -x                    +x               +x
------------------------------------------------------------------
E                 0.09-x                x              0.06+ x

Ka = 6.28x10^(-5) = (0.06 + x) (x) / 0.09 -x 
x = 9.40x10^-5 M = [H+]

pH = - log [H+] 
pH = -log  9.40x10^-5 M
pH = 4.03

Therefore, the pH of the resulting solution would be 4.03.

To find the number of moles of MgCl₂ in 41.5 g, you divide the mass of the substance by its molar mass. The molar mass of MgCl₂ is 95.21 g/mol, resulting in 0.436 moles of MgCl₂.

To calculate the number of moles of MgCl₂ in 41.5 g, you need to know the molar mass of MgCl₂.

The molar mass is the sum of the mass of one mole of magnesium (Mg) ions and two moles of chloride (Cl) ions.

The molar mass of Mg is 24.305 g/mol and the molar mass of Cl is 35.45 g/mol.

Therefore, the molar mass of MgCl₂ is (1 × 24.305) + (2 × 35.45) = 95.21 g/mol.

Next, use the formula: Number of moles = Mass of substance (g) / Molar mass (g/mol)

Number of moles of MgCl₂ = 41.5 g / 95.21 g/mol = 0.436 moles of MgCl₂.

In an experiment involving equal amounts of sodium bicarbonate and citric acid, neither is the limiting reactant. Carbon dioxide is produce in this reaction, but its exact amount can't be calculated without further information.

The subject of this question is a classic chemistry reaction involving sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) and citric acid. To determine the limiting reactant in this reaction, we would need to know the balanced chemical equation. However, baking soda and citric acid typically react in a 1:1 ratio. Therefore, since equal masses are used in this question, neither is the limiting reactant because both will be completely used up in the reaction.

Baking soda reacts with citric acid to produce carbon dioxide gas, among other products. The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: NaHCO3 + C6H8O7 --> H2O + CO2 + Na3C6H5O7. From the stoichiometry of the balanced reaction, we can see that one molecule of sodium bicarbonate reacts to produce one molecule of carbon dioxide. Therefore, we can use molar mass calculations to convert from mass of sodium bicarbonate to mass of carbon dioxide.

However, without all the necessary values (the student's question seems to be cut off), it is not possible to calculate the exact mass of carbon dioxide produced. In stoichiometry, to calculate the mass of a product produced from a known mass of reactant, we usually need to use the molar mass of the reactants and products involved.

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To answer this problem, let us first define what a buffer solution is.

A buffer solution by definition is an aqueous solution consisting of a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid.

In this case, we have are going to have a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base. Sodium Formate or HCOONa is the conjugate base of that weak acid. Sodium formate is properly written as:

HCOO-Na+

We can find the weak acid by replacing Na+ with H+. Therefore, the other substance should be:

HCOO-H+

or

HCOOH

Answer:

Formic Acid = HCOOH

Answer:  High Reactivity

Explanation:  Alkali metals are the metals which are kept in the group 1 which is also known as S -Block elements.

The electronic configuration of the elements can be written as ns1 .

These are considered to be the most reactive elements of the whole periodic table because their outermost shell has only 1 vacant electron and thus are in need of only 1 electron to complete its duplet or either they can also lose that  one electron .

This the reason they can never be found pure in the nature .

To find the mass of 500 molecules of chloral hydrate, we first calculate the molecular mass of chloral hydrate, then find the mass of one molecule by dividing the molecular mass by Avogadro's number. This gives us the mass per molecule, and we multiply by 500 to find the mass of 500 molecules.

To solve this, we first need to determine the molecular mass of chloral hydrate. Chloral hydrate is C₂H₃Cl₃O₂, so its molecular mass is (2×12.01) + (3×1.01) + (3×35.45) + (2×16.00) = 165.47 g/mol.

One mole of any substance contains Avogadro's number of entities, which is approximately equal to 6.02 x 10^23 entities/mol. So the mass of one molecule is the molecular mass divided by Avogadro's number.

Therefore the mass of one molecule of chloral hydrate is (165.47 g/mol) / (6.02 x 10^23 molecules/mol) = 2.749 x 10⁻²²g/molecule.

To find the mass of 500 molecules, we simply multiply this mass by 500: Mass (500 molecules) = 500 x 2.749 x 10⁻²²g/molecule = 1.375 x 10⁻¹⁹g.

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Food, water, and the cessation of an electric shock serve as reinforcers that increase the likelihood of repeated behaviors due to their roles in satisfying basic physiological needs and removing discomfort.

Food, water, and the termination of a painful electric shock are all forms of reinforcers in the context of psychological behavior studies. According to behaviorism, specifically within the realm of operant conditioning, reinforcers are stimuli which, when presented after a behavior, increase the likelihood that the behavior will occur again. The concept of reinforcers is rooted in the work of B.F. Skinner, who postulated that behavior which is followed by positive outcomes tends to be repeated.

In this context, obtaining food and water satisfies basic physiological needs, which according to Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, are fundamental for survival and act as powerful motivators for behavior. Similarly, the termination of a painful electric shock, which is an example of negative reinforcement, removes an unpleasant stimulus and consequently increases the likelihood of the behavior that led to the cessation of the shock.

These examples serve to illustrate the principle that behaviors that lead to satisfying basic needs or removing discomfort are likely to be reinforced, promoting their repetition in the future. Such concepts are essential to understanding motivation and behavioral modification.

If you are using the unit Kelvin, you are measuring the average KINETIC ENERGY OF MOLECULES.

Kelvin is the unit for measuring the absolute temperature of objects. Temperature refers to the degree of hotness or coldness of a body. The temperature of a body depends on the amount of heat that is applied to it, the amount of heat applied determine the value of kinetic energy that the particles of the body will possess; the higher the heat applied the higher the kinetic energy of the particles and vice versa.

Answer: Polar molecules have an equal number of positive and negative particles.

Explanation: There are two types of molecules:

1) Polar molecules: This molecule is formed when two different atoms having different electronegativities combine together. The more electronegative atom attracts the shared pair of electron towards itself, thus acquiring a partial negative charge and other atom acquiring partial positive charge. This results in the formation of dipole. In this equal number of positive and negative particles.

For example: HCl. As this molecule is covalent in nature and is also a polar molecule.

2) Non-polar molecules: This is formed when two atoms of same electronegativity combine together. For Example: [tex]H_2,O_2[/tex] etc.

Hence, Polar molecules have an equal number of positive and negative particles.