Before mitosis begins, a cell makes a copy of all the DNA in each chromosome. What would go wrong if a cell did not make a second copy of all of its DNA before the cell divided into two daughter cells
Cells may communicate with one another by/through __________.
a.transferring signal molecules to adjacent cells through gap junctions
b.locally acting chemicals, called paracrines, autocrines or neuromodulators
c.long-distance means, which rely on combinations of electrical and chemical signals
A scientist is studying the action of RNA polymerase during transcription. He wants to know what type of bases are added to the growing mRNA by RNA polymerase.
Answer: adds ribonucleotides to the complementary nucleotides on DNA strand
Explanation:
All the colors of visible light can be combined to form
A.black light
B.ultraviolet light
C.infrared light
D.white light
When going in reverse, your head and body position should be?
The answer is turning your head and body to the right. Backing up needs you to turn your head to see beyond the head restraint. Do not rest on on mirrors alone when backing. One loses depth perception when using the mirrors to guide the vehicle while backing.
As it is harder to sustain steering control and vehicle balance when the vehicle is in reverse, always back at slow speeds.
Reverse is a more powerful gear than drive, so you should use the accelerator pedal wisely, if at all. Otherwise your car will move too fast.
1. To back up, turn to your right so you can see through the back window.
2. Turn your head and body to the right until you can see clearly through the back window.
3. To improve balance, a driver’s right arm can be wrapped over the back of the seat. The left hand grips the steering wheel near the top and turns it in the direction a driver wants the vehicle to go.
_______________, a hormone involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms, is secreted by the pineal gland.
Melatonin is the hormone.
Transcription of rna from dna in eukaryotes requires:
The _____ of each spinal nerve provides sensory and motor innervation to the skin and muscles of the back.
When something melts what does it do
A group of students is trying to grow a kelp plant in a tank without any others animals. They use a temperature regulation system to keep the water temperature at about 12°C. They bury the holdfast below the soil that has been enriched with nutrients and place the plant near a window in direct sunlight. However, over a few weeks the kelp plant withers and dies. Why did this happen?
I have read the question several times and I believe "A.The kelp draws nutrients from the water rather than the soil, which it does not have available." would actually be your answer.
Although it is true that kelp is temperature sensitive, the question states that "They use a temperature regulation system to keep the water temperature at about 12°C." So even with the added addition of sunlight, I think the temperature still stays generally the same. And as long as the temperature is between 5-20 C degrees, the kelp should be okay.
However, kelp does not work the same as most land plants, kelp does not have a root system. It instead has a "holdfast" anchoring system that does not transport nutrients. So how does kelp get nutrients? From the water directly. Since the question says nothing about nutrients in the water, and directly talks about nutrients in the soil, we can assume that their is no nutrients in the water (only in the soil). Making A our answer.
I know the question is old, but this is for anyone who still needs the answer.
A young girl requires a liver transplant due to failure of her liver to function. what is required for her to have a good prognosis and why
To have a good prognosis after a liver transplant, the patient needs a match that is immunologically compatible-including ABO blood type compatibility, availability of a donor organ in a timely manner, and a good overall health status at the time of transplant. Post-surgery care is also critical.
Explanation:For a young girl needing a liver transplant, a few aspects are critical for a good prognosis. Firstly, immunological compatibility between the donor and the recipient is crucial to prevent the recipient's body from rejecting the donated organ. This includes Blood ABO compatibility. Secondly, the availability of organ donors is also a fundamental factor. The patient's health typically degrades overtime on the waitlist, therefore a timely organ donation can improve prognosis. Lastly, the overall health status of the patient at the time of transplantation can also have a bearing on the prognosis.
Post-transplant, meticulous care is required, including immunosuppressive drugs to prevent organ rejection and regular follow-up checks to monitor the patient's condition.
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Which has a lower pressure, the air in your lungs as you inhale or the air outside your body?
Since air flows into the lungs, the air in the lungs is at a lower pressure than the air outside the body.
What is air pressure?Air pressure is the pressure that air exert on objects due to its weight.
During the process of breathing, pressure differences exist between the air in the lungs and the air outside the body.
Air will glow to where there is lesser air pressure.
During inhaling, air flows until the lungs from outside the body.
Therefore, the air in the lungs is at a lower pressure than the air outside the body.
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âwhat is the first organ to respond to an increase in blood glucose concentration?
There are many membrane bound organelles in the eukaryotic cell. one extensive membrane bound structure serves as the site of origin for protein secretions and enzymes used in other organelles. what is the name of this membrane bound organelle?
The endoplasmic reticulum is the extensive membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells responsible for the origin of protein secretions and enzymes used in other organelles.
The extensive membrane-bound structure in a eukaryotic cell that serves as the site of origin for protein secretions and enzymes used in other organelles is known as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The ER is involved in the synthesis of proteins and lipids, and is part of the endomembrane system, which also includes the Golgi apparatus and vesicles. The ER can be rough, with ribosomes attached to its surface, contributing to protein synthesis; or smooth, where lipid synthesis and detoxification processes occur. The synthesized proteins are transported to the Golgi apparatus for further modification and sorting for secretion or use within the cell.
How does Snapping Turtle get Oxygen while hibernating underwater ?
Snapping turtles adapt to underwater hibernation by prioritizing oxygen supply to their brain and heart, utilizing cloacal respiration to extract oxygen from the water, and switching to anaerobic respiration when necessary.
Explanation:The question: How does Snapping Turtle get Oxygen while hibernating underwater is a fascinating aspect of biology, specifically concerning reptilian adaptation and survival strategies. During periods of underwater hibernation, when the temperature and oxygen levels drop, snapping turtles, along with other air-breathing vertebrates like seals and alligators, engage in a fascinating physiological adaptation to ensure their survival. Unlike humans, these animals can reduce the blood supply to their body significantly, prioritizing the delivery of the limited available oxygen to their brain and heart, the organs that are most crucial for survival.
Snapping turtles also employ a unique method known as cloacal respiration to assist with oxygen absorption while underwater. This process allows them to extract oxygen directly from the water through their cloaca, an opening that serves multiple purposes including excretion and reproduction. Additionally, during periods when they must conserve oxygen or when oxygen levels in the water are too low for aerobic respiration, they may switch to anaerobic respiration, a metabolic process that does not require oxygen. This switch enables them to survive for extended periods in environments with varying oxygen concentrations.
The three-dimensional structure of a functional protein is altered by intense heat or nonphysiological ph even though peptide bonds may not break. such inactivation is called denaturation, and denatured enzymes are nonfunctional. explain why.
How are dry climate regions identified?
A client on a 2-gram sodium diet states, i never add salt to my food when i cook. i just need help selecting low-sodium foods. after receiving dietary education, the client creates sample menus. which meal selection will cause the nurse to intervene?
Despite considerable concern about the high rate of _________ use among pregnant women, studies have failed to find a homogeneous pattern of fetal effects, and there is little consensus on the adverse effects of the drug.
Cocaine is a street drug that usually comes as a white powder. Cocaine use during pregnancy can affect a pregnant woman and her unborn baby in many ways.
Although they are not glands, these body structures secrete a hormone called B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP).
The heart, particularly the ventricles, secretes the hormone B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) not traditionally viewed as a gland. BNP, along with atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), lowers blood pressure by promoting sodium and water excretion and suppressing certain hormone releases.
Although they are not traditionally considered glands, the structures in the body that secrete the hormone B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) are actually part of the heart. In response to a rise in blood pressure, the heart releases BNP from the ventricles, which are the lower chambers of the heart. This hormone, which consists of 29 amino acids, plays a vital role in the regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance in the body.
The heart contains specialized cardiac muscle cells in the atria that function as endocrine cells by releasing natriuretic peptides. These hormones, including B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), act to lower blood pressure and reduce blood volume by promoting the excretion of sodium (Na+) and water from the kidneys, thus inhibiting the reabsorption of these substances. Additionally, they suppress the production and release of renin, aldosterone, and antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to a decrease in fluid retention.
ANP and BNP are considered antagonists to angiotensin II, a powerful vasoconstrictor, which means they help to counteract the effects of this peptide in order to promote a reduction in blood pressure and blood volume. By these mechanisms, the natriuretic peptides effectively contribute to the autoregulation of blood perfusion and maintain cardiovascular homeostasis.
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The subject of this question is English. English is a language arts subject that involves the study of literature, grammar, writing, and communication skills.
Explanation:The subject of this question is English. English is a language arts subject that involves the study of literature, grammar, writing, and communication skills. In middle school, students typically learn about various types of literature, analyze texts, improve their writing skills, and develop their reading comprehension.
The digestive system organ that passes waste to be excreted and reabsorbs water and minerals is the:
A 38-year-old woman was bitten by fire ants while at the park. your primary assessment reveals that she is semiconscious; has labored breathing; and has a rapid, thready pulse. she has a red rash on her entire body and her face is swollen. you should:
Increasing number of passes beyond 4 does not increase sensitivity of detection of pancreatic malignancy by endoscopic ultrasound–guided fine-needle aspiration
Increasing number of passes beyond 4 does not increase sensitivity of detection of pancreatic malignancy by endoscopic ultrasound–guided fine-needle aspiration.
This is an article written by contribution of many authors published in Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology that is the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association. In which the authors are aimed to define the yield of EUS-FNA responsible for malignancy of pancreatic mass, and to identify factors which are associated with detection of these malignancies.
After the study they found that only 4 passes of EUS-FNA are sufficient to detect malignant pancreatic masses and if the number of passes increases, it did not increase the sensitivity of detection.
Using a refillable beverage container (returnable bottles) would be an example of __________ materials.
The river is a tube that carries both semen and urine through the penis
Describe how living things use anaerobic respiration to generate energy.
Living things use anaerobic respiration when oxygen is not available. Examples include certain prokaryotes that use carbon dioxide as the final electron acceptor and produce methane. Anaerobic respiration is also advantageous for quickly producing ATP for short bursts of intense activity.
Explanation:Living things use anaerobic respiration to generate energy in situations where oxygen is not readily available. In anaerobic respiration, organisms use molecules other than oxygen as the final electron acceptor. For example, certain prokaryotes like methanogens use carbon dioxide to produce methane and generate ATP. Another advantage of anaerobic respiration is its speed, as it can quickly produce ATP for short bursts of intense activity.
Final answer:
Living organisms use anaerobic respiration to generate ATP in environments lacking oxygen by using alternative molecules as final electron acceptors. This enables life in places with little to no oxygen, like deep waters and some animal digestive tracts, and provides quick ATP for short energy bursts.
Explanation:
Living organisms use anaerobic respiration, or fermentation, to generate energy in environments where oxygen is scarce. This process is particularly important for organisms that reside in places such as deep water, soil, or the digestive tracts of animals, where oxygen may not be readily available. Fermentation allows these organisms to live in these environments by providing them with a way to produce ATP, which is essential for all cellular processes.
In anaerobic respiration, organisms like bacteria and archaea use molecules other than oxygen as the final electron acceptor to produce ATP. For instance, methanogens, which are a group of archaea, convert carbon dioxide into methane to oxidize NADH, aiding in the production of ATP. This reaction occurs in soil and the digestive systems of ruminants such as cows and sheep. Sulphur bacteria, on the other hand, use sulfate as the final electron acceptor, converting it into hydrogen sulfide.
Compared to aerobic respiration, which produces ATP at a slower rate using oxygen, anaerobic respiration generates ATP more quickly, although in smaller amounts. This rapid production of ATP is beneficial for short bursts of energy required by muscle cells during intense activities. In anaerobic conditions, these organisms rely solely on glycolysis, bypassing the rest of the cellular respiration pathway which requires oxygen.
If a Killer whale is feeding at the fourth trophic level, how much phytoplankton mass is required to add each gram of new mass to the whale? Assume that 10% of the energy at one trophic level is transferred to the next level.
a. 1000 grams b. 100 grams c. 500 grams d. 1 gram
How does the structure of cardiac myocytes and intercalated discs allow the function of cardiac muscle tissue and the heart?
The intercalated discs of the heart muscle have gap junctions that allow electrical impulses to pass from one myocyte to the next, so they contract in unison as a syncytium, in a phenomenon called electrical coupling. Intercalated disks also have desmosomes, that provide structural support and prevent the myocytes from tearing away from one another during the stresses of contraction.
what is the purpose of collecting data during an experiment?
a) scientists have stared purpose for collecting data
b) data serve as evidence that can support a conclusion
c) scientists must collect data before they can design the experiment
d) data are collected in order to make observations
The main purpose of collecting data during an experiment is to provide evidence that can support or refute a hypothesis. This collected data is analyzed to draw conclusions and forward scientific understanding, option b is correct.
The purpose of collecting data during an experiment is b) data serve as evidence that can support a conclusion. This process involves careful observation and the systematic gathering of objective data through controlled experiments or observations in the field. Data are crucial as they are analyzed using various methods to understand whether they support or refute the hypothesis. If the data support the hypothesis, the investigation moves forward; if not, the hypothesis may be revised or a new one may be tested.
Furthermore, the scientific evidence obtained from experiments is used to build or test theories, adding to the broader understanding of the scientific question at hand. The collection of data is not about making observations alone; it is about using those observations rigorously to formulate and test hypotheses in a scientific inquiry.