The earthworm's_______ vessel acts as a pump to push blood throughout the body.

Answer:

1. tiny sacs within the lungs which increase the surface available for gas exchange (Answer: alveoli)

Explanation: The alveoli are the endpoint of the respiratory system, in which thin walls Oxigen and Carbon Dioxide are diffused between the atmosphere and the bloodstream.

2. a digestive enzyme that breaks down starches and glycogen into sugars (Answer: amylase)

Explanation: The amylase enzyme is produced by the salivary glands and the pancreas. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into more simple forms of sugars (disaccharides and trisaccharides, for example).

3. the two thin-walled chambers that receive blood into the heart from the veins (Answer: atria).

Explanation: In mammals, birds and some reptilia, the heart is a tetracameral organ (two atria, which receives the blood from the body, and two ventricles, that pumps the blood through the body systems).

4. the two tubes into which the trachea divide to go into each lung (Answer: bronchi).

Explanation: The trachea divides into two bronchi to enter the lungs through the hilum (the root of the lungs), where it successively divided and ends up forming the alveoli.

5. a tiny vessel through which diffusion takes place between the blood and the body tissues (Answer: capillary)

Explanation: The capillary are small blood vessels wich walls are of a one endothelial cell thick, that facilitates gas diffusion between the bloodstream and surrounding tissue.

6. a mass of nerve tissue not part of the brain (Answer: ganglia).

Explanation: A ganglion is a neuronal cell cluster located generally outside the central nervous system. There are two types of ganglia: Dorsal root ganglion and autonomic ganglion.

Yea for yours it C, but mine say the answer is D

Yea for yours it C, but mine say the answer is D

A) just took test make me brainiliest

The material that erupted from volcanoes is important in acid rain is sulfur dioxide. Thus, option A is correct.

What is volcano?

A volcano has been known as a hill or mountain or it has an opening in a planet or the moon's crust from which molten rock, or warm gases, and materials erupt. It has a land form where the molten rocks erupt through the surface of the planet and volcano mountains had open downwards to the molten rocks. According to Geologists there have been four types of volcanoes and these are the lava domes, shield volcanoes, composite volcanoes, and cinder cones.

The main reason behind the formation of the volcanoes are movement of tectonic plates it means when one tectonic plate moves under another tectonic plate volcano has been formed.  It has a land form where the molten rocks erupt through the surface of the planet and volcano mountains had open downwards to the molten rocks.

Therefore, The material that erupted from volcanoes is important in acid rain is sulfur dioxide. Thus, option A is correct.

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Scientific models are beneficial as they allow us to quickly make predictions and help us comprehend complex phenomena. However, they are limited due to the complexity of what they represent and might not fully portray the whole phenomenon or may only work under certain situations.

Scientific models, used in various fields of study, including physics, biology, and chemistry, are representations of complex phenomena and facilitate our understanding of them. They can be both physical or computer-based and should generally be built around a hypothesis.

One benefit of using scientific models is that they provide predictions quickly and can often yield accurate results. For instance, the electron cloud model of an atom visualizes the structure of an atom, helping us understand where electrons are likely to be located.

However, these models also come with certain limitations. The limitations of scientific models often stem from the complexity of the phenomena they represent. This complexity can make it difficult to describe the model accurately, especially when we attempt to translate these complex phenomena into everyday language. Sometimes these models only depict part of the phenomenon or work effectively in certain situations, not all.

Consequently, while models are useful tools in scientific research, their limitations should always be considered when interpreting their results.

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Answer:

50 million joules.

Explanation:

In a food chain, as the trophic level rises, the energy consumed decreases. As a result, each trophic level can only consume 10% of the energy of the previous trophic level.

With that, we can arrive at the following reasoning: The locusts are in a trophic level below the toads, which means that the toads feed on the locusts and will only consume 10% of the energy that the locusts consumed from a vegetable. If a grasshopper consumed 500 million joules, frogs will only receive 10% of that. We can find out the value of energy consumed by frogs in the following calculation:

500 million joules = 100%

X million joules = 10%

X = (500 million * 10) / 100

X = 50 million joules.

The structures which are part of the upper respiratory system

include:

These are the structures which are found in the upper

respiratory tract of an organism.

They are usually lined with mucus and are responsible for

trapping external substances and protects the lower part of the

respiratory system.

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The physical properties of a mineral depend on the kind of atoms it is ... you will notice two models showing the atoms in the crystal structures of two ... This arrangement causes the great hardness of diamond and its inert chemical characteristics. ... The atomic structure of all minerals determines their physical properties.

A carrier is a person who has a person who has one copy of a mutated disease-causing gene but has no symptoms or mild symptoms.

A person or other organism that has acquired a recessive allele for a genetic mutation or trait is known as a hereditary carrier since they typically do not exhibit the disease's signs or symptoms. However, carriers can convey the allele to their progeny, who may then manifest the genetic characteristic.

For instance, one of the most prevalent hereditary diseases in Caucasians is cystic fibrosis (CF). A recessive allele for cystic fibrosis is inherited from one parent, and a normal allele is inherited from the other.

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An animal with body parts arranged around a central point is said to have radial symmetry. Examples include sea anemones and jellyfish. This is commonly found in aquatic animals, especially those fixed to a substrate.

An animal with body parts arranged around a central point, like the spokes of a bicycle wheel, is said to have radial symmetry. Examples of organisms with this characteristic include the sea anemone or jellyfish. They are also seen in many aquatic animals, especially those that attach themselves to a base, like a rock or a boat, and feed by filtering nutrients from the water flowing around them. In contrast, bilateral symmetry is when there's only one plane through which an animal can be divided into mirror-image halves, namely a front (anterior) and back (posterior) or head and tail end. Animals with asymmetrical shapes don't possess any symmetry or pattern in their body arrangement, such as sponges.

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Answer: When CO2 is present in the atmosphere it causes the Earth's natural greenhouse effect to take place and warm the earth. When you continue to additional CO2 then you are supercharging this effect. This does help plants that are on land grow much better however, the excess CO2 is consumed by the ocean, making it more acidic and dangerous for marine life. Aside from the effects it has on our biosphere, the notorious greenhouse gas is absolutely required to trap heat and warm our planet.

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Sunlight is the source of energy; plant sugars are the chemical produced.

Answer: Option C. Photosynthesis

Explanation:

Photosynthesis is defined as the process by which plants can make their own food in the presence of sunlight by utilizing carbon dioxide and water.

The process can be understand by the following given equation:

water + carbon dioxide -------> glucose + oxygen

Photosynthesis is the process in which radiant energy converted into chemical energy through a green pigment called chlorophyll.

The process of Photosynthesis takes place in two sequential stages light-dependent and light-independent reaction.

In light-dependent reaction chlorophyll trap light and form ATP (photophosphorylation) and NADPH.

In light-independent reaction, the product of light reaction that is ATP, used to make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide (reduction).

The formation of a protein molecule is due to amino acids combining to form a protein chain. Therefore, the correct statement is option C.

Amino acids combine to form a protein chain and are the building blocks of proteins, which are linked together through peptide bonds to form a polypeptide chain. The arrangement of the amino acids in the chain determines the structure and function of the protein.

Protein synthesis occurs in cells through translation, where the sequence of nucleotides in the messenger RNA determines the sequence of amino acids in the protein chain, where the mRNA is read by ribosomes, which link amino acids together using transfer RNA molecules carrying the amino acid to the ribosome.

The proteins have secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures that are determined by the interactions between the amino acids in the chain and these interactions include hydrogen bonds, disulfide bonds, etc.

Therefore, the formation of a protein molecule links the amino acids through peptide bonds to form a polypeptide chain.

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Ans.

Limb development can be defined as formation of limbs in embryo as the result of interactions between ectodermal and mesodermal components of the limb buds. In humans, it is divided into 23 stages. Stage 13 and stage 30 can be compared as given below:

Stage 13 represents the first stage, at which all four limb buds are present, During this stage lens disc appears for the first time and closure of otic vesicle takes place.

Stage 20 represents limbs with greatest length, upper limbs are slightly bent near elbow. At this stage, fetus has small and stubby fingers, with slightly curved hands.

Answer:

Option A, current scientific knowledge

Explanation:

New scientific discoveries are based on the existing/current scientific knowledge. Knowledge/research/new discovery is inevitable and thus it is continuously tested and trialed thereby leading to emergence of new concepts and theories for same existing fact. All the existing scientific concepts and theories can be refined based on the new interventions but discarding an existing theory completely is non viable.  

For example - Scientist found that atom was the smallest unit of matter. With further discoveries in the later layers,  it was found that it is the electron, proton and neutron which is the smallest unit of matter, and  now the current discoveries shows that there are particles even smaller than electron such as meson and thus meson should be considered as smallest unit of matter.

Cost-benefit analysis, although initially appearing straightforward, can become complicated and controversial due to several factors.

Assigning values to costs and benefits is subjective, and varying perspectives can lead to disagreements. Gathering complete and unbiased information is challenging, and intangible factors like environmental impact may be difficult to quantify. Additionally, distributional impacts and inequalities among stakeholders may be overlooked.

Discounting future costs and benefits and choosing the discount rate are contentious issues. Moreover, conflicts arise when different values and priorities clash. Therefore, considering these complexities, it is crucial to acknowledge limitations, biases, and ethical considerations when employing cost-benefit analysis for decision-making.

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An ice age caused Earth’s oceans to cool, which killed many of the unicellular organisms. When the ice age ended and Earth warmed, the continents broke apart. This event allowed the shallow seas to cover the continents. The warming of Earth, accompanied by the seas covering the land, created the proper conditions for multicellular organisms to form.

Answer:

B

Explanation:

An example of a pandemic is the black death. Thus, the correct option is B.

A Pandemic may be defined as an upsurge of a disease that takes place over a wide geographic area in a very short period of time.

Whooping cough and smallpox are epidemic diseases that mostly occur in the region of the United States.

The situation of diabetes is the highest epidemic but it does not follow the pattern of infectious diseases. This can not spread quickly and affects many individuals at the same time.

Therefore, an example of a pandemic is the black death. Thus, the correct option is B.

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Microfilaments refer to the polymers of the actin protein while microtubules comprise tubulin. Intermediate filaments consist of many proteins, on the basis of the cell type in which they are present.

Further Explanation:

The cytoskeleton is found in the cytoplasm of the cells including the archaea and bacteria. This is known to be complex and dynamic network of the interlinking protein filaments which extend from the nucleus of the cell to the membrane of the cell. Eukaryotic cells comprise of 2 main types of cytoskeleton filaments, namely, microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments.

1. Microfilaments: These comprise of long polymers of G-actin proteins which produces force. The growing terminal of the filament forces the barrier like cell membranes to produce. They provide path for myosin movement which help in affixation of microfilament and move along them. The major component of microfilaments is actin. They combine to form a polymer that continues to form actin filament. The functions include muscle contraction, cell movement, and maintenance of the cell shape.

2. Intermediate filament: These filaments are known to be stable as compared to the microfilaments and heterogeneous elements of the cytoskeleton. The main function of this is in maintenance of the cell shape by bearing the tension. These filaments is responsible to  organize the structure of  cell, serves a structural element.

3. Microtubules: These are hollow cylinders and are known to be the polymers of beta as well as alpha-tubulin. They mainly have a dynamic behavior and binds GTP for the polymerization process.  centrosome organised the microtubules. This plays a main role in axoneme of flagella and cilia, mitotic spindle, and synthesis of cell wall.

Learn more:

Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Biology

Chapter: Cytoskeleton

Keywords:

Cytoskeleton , microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, actin filaments, myosin, cell function, mitotic spindle.

Electromagnetic waves can be used to fight fire because : ( D ) Infrared images can show hot spots as red areas

Electromagnetic waves are created as a result of vibrations between mechanical and electrical fields. they are composed of electric and magnetic fields oscillating.

Electromagnetic waves such as infrared waves when used to fight fire will penetrate through thick black smokes produced by the fire to show the origin of the fire ( hot spot ) with a color code of red.

Hence we can conclude that Electromagnetic waves can be used to fight fire because : ( D ) Infrared images can show hot spots as red areas.

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In the data I collected if you start from the beginning the starting number almost divided inhalf from the 0s to 10s, and it’s the same for all the other trials.

Half-life, in radioactivity, is the amount of time needed for half of a radioactive sample's atomic nuclei to decay (change spontaneously into other nuclear species by emitting particles and energy), or, alternatively, the amount of time needed for a radioactive material's rate of disintegrations per second to decrease by half.

Cobalt-60, a radioactive isotope used in radiotherapy, has a half-life of 5.26 years, for instance.

As a result, after that time, a sample that contained 8 g of cobalt-60 at first would only have 4 g of cobalt-60 and would produce half as much radiation.

Therefore, In the data I collected if you start from the beginning the starting number almost divided inhalf from the 0s to 10s, and it’s the same for all the other trials.

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We know that electrons are occupied on a cloud surrounding the nucleus. So which means that the bigger the electron cloud, the bigger the number of electrons. So in this case, since Na shrank so it lost some electrons. And since Cl+ grew in size of the electron cloud so electron was added to it.

Due to the fact that the sodium in question lost an electron, we can infer that this electron was in the outermost layer of the electron cloud.

All atoms are made of a core of protons and neutrons. Electrons are the last of the subatomic particles that make up an atom. However, electrons are very different from the previous particles mentioned.

Electrons are high-energy particles that orbit the cores of some in a cloud-like structure. However, this cloud is not random but it's instead organized in regards to energy levels. High energy electrons are on the outermost layer.

The electrons in the outer layer are known as valence electrons and these are the ones that tend to be gained, lost, or shared between elements. Elements with high electronegativity are prone to attract valence electrons from other elements.

The question states that one element gained an electron as the other lost one, in which case we can assume we are observing a transfer of valence electron.

This information leads us to know that the electron in question was located in the outermost layer of the electron cloud, both before and after the transfer.

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