The half-life of carbon-14 is 5,730 years. how old is a sample that is 75% daughter isotope and 25% parent isotope?

To calculate the moles in 5L of hydrogen gas at STP, divide the volume in liters by the volume occupied by one mole of any gas at STP, which is 22.4 L/mol.

To calculate the number of moles in 5L of hydrogen gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP), you can apply the ideal gas law. To set up the calculation, use that at STP, 1 mole of a gas occupies 22.4 L. Use the following mathematical expression for your conversion:

Number of moles = Volume of gas (L) / Volume of 1 mole at STP (L/mol)

For your specific question:

Number of moles of H2 = 5 L / 22.4 L/mol

Make sure to leave your answer as a math expression with the correct units of L for liters and mol for moles.

Answer:

Strong acids.

Explanation:

HA + H₂O → H₃O⁺ + A⁻.

HA + H₂O ⇄ H₃O⁺ + A⁻.

Answer: strong acids

Explanation: for one the substance dissolves completely and acids only produce hydronium ions just like acids produce hydroxide ions.

Answer:

slant

Explanation:

Answer:

It is given by the concentration of the products divided by the concentration of the reactants

Answer:

plastic is made from polymers.

Answer:

Explanation:

Thermally isolated system means that the system does not exchange thermal energy with the surroundings.

Hence, any thermal exchange, in virtue of the temperature difference of the aluminum and copper pieces, is between them.

In consequence, the law of conservation of energy states that the heat lost by the hot substance will be gained by the cold matter.

In equations, that is:

Now, the gain or loss or heat of a substance, Q, is related with the mass (m), the specific heat (Cs), and the cahnge of temperature (ΔT), per the equation:

∴ Q lost by aluminum = Q  gained copper ⇒

Under the reasoning assumption that the masses of aluminum and copper are equal, the equations is simplified to:

In words, since it is stated that  the specific heat of aluminum is more than double that of copper,  in order to keep the equality, ΔT of copper shall be more than double ΔT of aluminum.

Hence, the conclusion is that the object that experiences the greater temperature change is copper (the one with the lower specific heat), under the assumption that both objects have the same amount of matter (mass).

In the thermally isolated system, the copper experiences a greater temperature change than the aluminum because copper has a lower specific heat. It means that copper requires less energy to change its temperature compared to aluminum.

In a thermally isolated system like the one you've asked about, energy isn't gained or lost, but it does transfer among parts of the system until all parts are at the same temperature, which we call thermal equilibrium. Given that copper has a lower specific heat than aluminum, the same amount of heat transfer will cause a larger temperature change in the copper. This is due to the way specific heat works: substances with higher specific heat require more energy to change their temperature, while those with lower specific heat require less.

It's like running a race: if the specific heat is the distance of the race, the runner (or heat energy) with a shorter race (lower specific heat) will finish (change temperature) more quickly than a runner with a longer race (higher specific heat).

Specific heat is the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius. In this case, the aluminum, with a higher specific heat, would need more energy (heat) to alter its temperature. Since the energy is transferred from the aluminum (hot) to the copper (cold), the copper, with a lower specific heat, experiences more temperature change until thermal equilibrium is reached.

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Answer:

The answer is b. much precipitation

Explanation:

A front is a strip in which two air masses of different temperatures are separated. An occluded front occurs when a cold front that generally moves more quickly reaches a hot front and merges. The cold air mass, being heavier, stays below, forcing the warmer to rise. When this happens it cools and condenses, causing heavy precipitation.

The occluded fronts cause weak and continuous rains at first with stratiform-type clouds, and later the rains intensify with the arrival of vertically developing clouds, which cause storms.

Answer:

The answer is B.

Explanation:

Answer:

CoCl₃ > Li₂SO₄ > NH₄I.

Explanation:

ΔTf = i.Kf.m,

where, ΔTf is the depression in freezing point.

i is the van 't Hoff factor.

Kf is the molal depression constant of water.

m is the molality of the solution.

(1) Li₂SO₄:

i for Li₂SO₄ = no. of particles produced when the substance is dissolved/no. of original particle = 3/1 = 3.

∴ ΔTb for (Li₂SO₄) = i.Kb.m = (3)(Kf)(m) = 3(Kf)(m).

(2) NH₄I:

i for NH₄I = no. of particles produced when the substance is dissolved/no. of original particle = 2/1 = 2.

∴ ΔTb for (NH₄I) = i.Kb.m = (2)(Kf)(m) = 2(Kf)(m).

(3) CoCl₃:

i for CoCl₃ = no. of particles produced when the substance is dissolved/no. of original particle = 4/1 = 4.

∴ ΔTb for (CoCl₃) = i.Kb.m = (4)(Kf)(m) = 4(Kf)(m).

CoCl₃ > Li₂SO₄ > NH₄I.

Final answer:

The aqueous solutions ranked from highest to lowest freezing point, based on the number of ions they produce upon dissociation, is NH4I (highest freezing point), followed by Li2SO4, and then CoCl3 (lowest freezing point).

Explanation:

To rank aqueous solutions by their freezing points when they have equal concentrations and are completely dissociated, we look at the number of ions each compound dissociates into when dissolved. The more ions produced, the lower the freezing point of the solution due to a greater freezing point depression effect. The given solutions are Li2SO4, NH4I, and CoCl3. Li2SO4 dissociates into 3 ions (2 Li+ + SO42-), NH4I dissociates into 2 ions (NH4+ + I-), and CoCl3 dissociates into 4 ions (Co3+ + 3 Cl-). Therefore, the order from highest to lowest freezing point is: NH4I > Li2SO4 > CoCl3.

Final answer:

OPTION A.

Using Charles's Law, the temperature of the balloon is converted to Kelvin and the law is applied to find the new volume when the temperature is increased from 60°C to 120°C. The new volume is approximately 118 cm³.

Explanation:

The question involves applying Charles's Law, which states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature when pressure is constant. To find the new volume after an increase in temperature, we convert the temperatures from Celsius to Kelvin by adding 273. The initial temperature (T1) is thus 60°C + 273 = 333K and the final temperature (T2) is 120°C + 273 = 393K. The initial volume (V1) is 100 cm³.

Charles's Law is given by the formula V1/T1 = V2/T2, where V2 is the final volume. Applying this formula, we get:

V1/T1 = V2/T2
(100 cm³) / (333K) = V2 / (393K)

Multiplying both sides by 393K, we find the final volume V2:

V2 = (100 cm³) * (393K) / (333K)

This results in:

V2 ≈ 118 cm³

Therefore, the new volume of the balloon, after increasing the temperature from 60°C to 120°C, will be approximately 118 cm³.

Answer:

D)  8.40 L H₂O(g).

Explanation:

2N₂H₄(l) + O₂(g) → N₂(g) + 2H₂O(g),

It is clear that 2.0 moles of N₂H₄ react with 1.0 mole of O₂ to produce 2.0 moles of N₂ and 2.0 moles of H₂O.

It is known that at STP: every 1.0 mol of any gas occupies 22.4 L.

using cross multiplication:

1.0 mol of O₂ represents → 22.4 L.

??? mol of O₂ represents → 4.2 L.

∴ 4.2 L of O₂ represents = (1.0 mol)(4.2 L)/(22.4 L) = 0.1875 mol.

Using cross multiplication:

1.0 mol of O₂ produce → 2.0 mol of H₂O, from stichiometry.

0.1875 mol of O₂ produce → ??? mol of H₂O.

∴ The no. of moles of H₂O = (2.0 mol)(0.1875 mol)/(1.0 mol) = 3.75 mol.

1.0 mol of H₂O represents → 22.4 L, at STP.

3.75 mol of H₂O represents → ??? L.

∴ The no. of liters of water vapor will be produced = (3.75 mol)(22.4 L)/(1.0 mol) = 8.4 L.

So, the right choice is: D)  8.40 L H₂O(g).

Final answer:

Using the balanced chemical equation, stoichiometry, and Avogadro's law, we determine that if 4.20 liters of O₂ reacts, it will produce 8.40 liters of H₂O vapor. The correct answer is 8.40L of H₂O vapor.

Explanation:

The question involves a stoichiometric calculation based on the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrazine (N₂H₄) and oxygen (O₂) to produce nitrogen gas (N₂) and water vapor (H₂O). At STP (standard temperature and pressure), one mole of any gas occupies 22.4 liters. According to the balanced chemical equation:

N₂H₄(l) + O₂(g) ⇒N₂(g) + 2H₂O(g)

We can see that 1 mole of O₂ reacts with 1 mole of N₂H₄ to produce 2 moles of H₂O. If 4.20 liters of O₂ are reacted, we can use Avogadro's law to determine the volume of H₂O produced, which will be twice the volume of O₂ reacted because of the 1:2 molar ratio. Therefore, the volume of water vapor produced will be:

4.20 L O₂(g) x (2 moles H₂O / 1 mole O₂) = 8.40 L H₂O(g)

The correct answer is 8.40 L H₂O(g), which corresponds to option D.

Are there choices to pick from?

Answer:

0.8 mol.

Explanation:

2Al + 3FeO → 3Fe + Al₂O₃,

It is clear that 2 mol of Al react with 3 mol of FeO to produce 3 mol of Fe and 1 mol of Al₂O₃.

Using cross multiplication:

2 mol of Al needs → 3 mol of FeO, from stichiometry.

??? mol of Al needs → 1.2 mol of FeO.

∴ The no. of moles of Al are needed to react completely with 1.2 mol of FeO = (2 mol)(1.2 mol)/(3 mol) = 0.8 mol.

Considering the reaction stoichiometry, 0.8 moles of aluminum are needed to react completely with 1.2 moles of FeO.

The balanced reaction is:

2 Al + 3 FeO → 3 Fe + Al₂O₃

By reaction stoichiometry (that is, the relationship between the amount of reagents and products in a chemical reaction), the following amounts of moles of each compound participate in the reaction:

Then you can apply the following rule of three:  if by stoichiometry 3 moles of FeO react with 2 moles of Al, 1.2 moles of FeO react with how many moles of Al?

[tex]amount of moles of Al= \frac{1.2 moles of FeOx2 moles of Al}{3 moles of FeO}[/tex]

amount of moles of Al= 0.8 moles

Finally, 0.8 moles of aluminum are needed to react completely with 1.2 moles of FeO.

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Answer:

Diamonds are composed almost entirely of the element carbon, often with some other impurities in them, such as nitrogen (i.e., pure diamonds are entirely carbon). The element carbon comes in three different natural forms, or allotropes: diamond, graphite, and amorphous.

Explanation:

Answer:

False.

Correction: Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid that is monoprotic.

Explanation:

HCl → H⁺ + Cl⁻.

So, the answer is: False.

Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid that is monoprotic.

Answer:

There are three possible chemical equations for the combustion of sulfur:

Explanation:

Combustion is a reaction with oxygen. The products of the reaction are oxides, and energy is released in the form of heat and light.

Sulfur iis a nonmetal, so the oxide formed is a nonmetal oxide.

The most common oxidation numbers of sulfur are -2, + 2, + 4, and + 6.

The combination of sulfur with oxygen may be only with the positive oxidation numbers (+2, + 4, and +6).

Then you have three different equations for sulfur combustion:

1) Oxidation number +2:

Which when balanced is: 2S(g) + O₂(g) → 2SO(g)

2) Oxitation number +4:

That equation is already balanced.

3) Oxidation number +6:

Which when balanced is: 2S(s) + 3O₂(g) → 2SO₃(g)

The balanced equation for the combustion of sulfur is [tex]\[ \text{S}(s) + \text{O}_2(g) \rightarrow \text{SO}_2(g) \][/tex]

To balance this equation, we need to ensure that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation. Sulfur (S) is present as a diatomic molecule [tex](S_2)[/tex] when it reacts with oxygen [tex](O_2)[/tex] to form sulfur dioxide [tex](SO_2)[/tex]. The balanced equation considering the diatomic nature of sulfur is:

[tex]\[ \text{S}_2(s) + \text{O}_2(g) \rightarrow 2\text{SO}_2(g) \][/tex]

Here's the step-by-step process to balance the equation:

1. Start by writing the unbalanced equation with the correct formulas for the reactants and products:

[tex]\[ \text{S}_2 + \text{O}_2 \rightarrow \text{SO}_2 \][/tex]

2. Count the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation:

On the left side, there are 2 sulfur (S) atoms and 2 oxygen (O) atoms.

On the right side, there is 1 sulfur (S) atom and 2 oxygen (O) atoms.

3. To balance the sulfur atoms, we need to have the same number of sulfur atoms on both sides. Since there are 2 sulfur atoms on the left, we need to multiply the sulfur dioxide [tex](SO_2)[/tex] by 2 on the right side:

[tex]\[ \text{S}_2 + \text{O}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{SO}_2 \][/tex]

4. Now, count the number of oxygen atoms again. There are 2 oxygen atoms on the left and 4 on the right (2 molecules of [tex]SO_2[/tex], each with 2 oxygen atoms).

 5. To balance the oxygen atoms, we need to have 4 oxygen atoms on the left side as well. Since we already have 2 oxygen atoms in one [tex]O_2[/tex] molecule, we need to add another [tex]O_2[/tex] molecule:

[tex]\[ \text{S}_2 + 2\text{O}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{SO}_2 \][/tex]

6. Finally, count the atoms on both sides to confirm that the equation is balanced:

Left side: 2 S atoms and 4 O atoms.

Right side: 2 S atoms (2 molecules of [tex]SO_2[/tex], each with 1 S atom) and 4 O atoms (2 molecules of [tex]SO_2[/tex], each with 2 O atoms).

The equation is now balanced with 2 sulfur atoms and 4 oxygen atoms on both sides."

Answer:

Explanation:

The solution containing fluoride ions and hydrogen fluoride (a weak acid) may be chemically represented by this equilibrium equation:

The HCl, a strong acid, added will ionize in water according to this chemical equation:

Then, following Le Chatelir's principle, the addtion of H⁺ ions coming from the HCl dissociation, will increase the concentration of H⁺ in the solution, driving to the consumption of some F⁻ ions, and the production of more HF acid. This is a shift of the equilbrium toward the HF side.

Adding hydrochloric acid to a solution of fluoride ions and hydrogen fluoride will decrease the pH and increase the concentration of hydrofluoric acid while decreasing the concentration of fluoride ions.

When hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added to a solution containing fluoride ions and hydrogen fluoride, it will cause a decrease in the pH of the solution. This is because HCl is a strong acid and it will dissociate completely in water to release hydronium ions (H3O+), resulting in an increase in the solution's acidity. Furthermore, according to Le Chatelier's principle, the addition of HCl will push the equilibrium of the reaction:

HF(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + F¯(aq)

to the left, meaning that the concentration of hydrofluoric acid (HF) will increase, while the concentration of fluoride ions (F−) will decrease, due to the additional supply of common ions from HCl.

Answer:

false

Explanation:

Answer:

Volume and number of moles.

Explanation:

So, no. of moles and V are constant.

P ∝ T,

∴ P1/T1 = P2/T2.

Answer:

Volume and Number of Moles

Explanation:

I hope this helps !! :)

Answer:

c) 220 Fr

Explanation:

castle learning

The radioisotope which emits particles having the greatest mass will be 220Fr.

The radioactive isotopes of just an element are known as radioisotopes. Atoms with an unbalanced mixture of neutrons as well as protons, with extra energy in their nucleus, are also known as neutron-proton atoms.

The quantity of matter in a thing is measured by its mass.

When only the 3 most prevalent forms of ionizing radiation are considered, alpha particles get the most mass. The mass of an alpha particle is four times that of a proton as well a neutron, as well as the weight of a beta particle, is roughly 8,000 times that of a proton or neutron.

Therefore, 220 Fr will be having the greatest mass.

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Answer: 1 C6H12O6===> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2

75 In the space in your answer booklet, draw a structural formula for the alcohol formed in this reaction. [1]

Explanation:

The correct structural formula for the alcohol formed in this reaction [tex]CH_3-CH_2-OH[/tex] is also called ethanol.

Alcohol is any of a class of organic compounds characterized by one or more hydroxyl (―OH) groups attached to a carbon atom of an alkyl group (hydrocarbon chain).

Ethanol is simple alcohol produced via the fermentation of sugars (such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose) by yeasts because yeasts do this conversion in the absence of oxygen.

The correct structural formula for the alcohol formed in this reaction [tex]CH_3-CH_2-OH[/tex] is also called ethanol.

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Answer:

0.616 m.

Explanation:

m = (no. of moles of solute)/(mass of the solvent (kg))

m = (mass/molar mass) NaCl / (mass of the solvent (kg))

mass of NaCl = 3.6 g, molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g/mol, mass of water = 100.0 g = 0.1 kg.

m = (mass/molar mass) NaCl / (mass of the solvent (kg)) = (3.6 g / 58.44 g/mol) / (0.1 kg) = 0.616 m.

The molality of a solution if a chemist adds 3.6 grams of sodium chloride to 100.0 g of water is 0.615m.

Molality is defined as the no. of moles of solute dissolved in a 1.0 kg of the solvent.

m = no. of moles of solute ÷ mass of the solvent (kg)

no of moles of NaCl = 3.6g ÷ 58.5g/mol = 0.0615mol

Molality = 0.0615mol ÷ 0.1kg

Molality = 0.615m

Therefore, the molality of a solution if a chemist adds 3.6 grams of sodium chloride to 100.0 g of water is 0.615m.

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Answer:

The net ionic equation is: 3CO₃²⁻(aq) + 2Fe³⁺(aq) → Fe₂(CO₃)₃(s).

Explanation:

3(NH₄)₂CO₃(aq) + 2Fe(NO₃)₃(aq) → Fe₂(CO₃)₃(s) + 6NH₄NO₃(aq)

6NH₄⁺(aq) + 3CO₃²⁻(aq) + 2Fe³⁺(aq) + 6NO₃⁻ → Fe₂(CO₃)₃(s) + 6NH₄⁺(aq) + 6NO₃⁻(aq).

NH₄⁺(aq) and NO₃⁻(aq) are spectator ions that are not changed through the reaction and still dissolved in the medium, so they can be omitted to get the net ionic equation.

3CO₃²⁻(aq) + 2Fe³⁺(aq) → Fe₂(CO₃)₃(s).

Final answer:

The reaction between ammonium carbonate and iron(III) nitrate forms solid iron(III) carbonate and a solution of ammonium nitrate. The net ionic equation for this precipitation reaction is CO3^2-(aq) + Fe^3+(aq) → Fe2(CO3)3(s), which indicates the formation of the insoluble iron(III) carbonate.

Explanation:

When ammonium carbonate is combined with iron(III) nitrate, a reaction occurs where a solid precipitate and a solution of another compound are formed. According to the solubility rules, certain combinations of reactants will lead to the formation of an insoluble product, known as a precipitate. In this case, iron(III) carbonate is the precipitate, and ammonium nitrate remains in the solution.

To write the net ionic equation for this reaction, we must first write the balanced molecular equation and then the complete ionic equation. We can then identify and remove the spectator ions, which are ions that appear on both sides of the equation without undergoing a chemical change, to finally derive the net ionic equation.

The molecular equation is:

(NH4)2CO3(aq) + Fe(NO3)3(aq) → Fe2(CO3)3(s) + 3NH4NO3(aq)

The complete ionic equation is:

2NH4+(aq) + CO32-(aq) + Fe3+(aq) + 3NO3-(aq) → Fe2(CO3)3(s) + 3NH4+(aq) + 3NO3-(aq)

After identifying that the ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) ions are spectator ions, they can be eliminated from the equation, resulting in the net ionic equation:

CO32-(aq) + Fe3+(aq) → Fe2(CO3)3(s)

This net ionic equation represents the formation of the insoluble iron(III) carbonate precipitate from the aqueous reactants.

Answer:

It donates a hydrogen ion

Explanation:

Under the Bronsted-Lowry definition of an acid, acids are protons donors which donate the H+ ion, or the hydrogen ion.

Answer:

The correct option is "it donates a hydrogen ion"

Explanation:

The choice for the last option being the correct answer is because of the Bronsted-Lowry definition of an acid. Bronsted-Lowry acid is a substance that donates a hydrogen ion or a proton.

Consider the reaction below

HCl + NH₃  ⇒ NH₄⁺ + Cl⁻

From the above, we can see that HCl is an example of Bronsted-lowry acid since it donates its hydrogen ion to NH₃ to form NH₄⁺

A container holds a pure sample of a radioactive substance with a half-life of 2 hours. The true statements are a, c and d.

a) After 1 hour, less than 50 % of the original atoms in the container will have decayed.

True. The half-life of the radioactive substance is 2 hours, which means that after 1 hour, only half of the original atoms would have decayed. Therefore, less than 50% of the original atoms will have decayed.

b) After 1 hour, more than 50 % of the original atoms in the container will have decayed.

False. As explained in statement (a), after 1 hour, less than 50% of the original atoms will have decayed, not more than 50%.

c) After 2 hours, 50 % of the original atoms in the container will have decayed.

True. The half-life of the radioactive substance is 2 hours, so after 2 hours, exactly 50% of the original atoms will have decayed.

d) After 4 hours, 25 % of the original atoms will have decayed.

True. Since the half-life is 2 hours, after 4 hours (2 half-lives), 50% of the original atoms will have decayed. Therefore, 25% of the original atoms will remain after 4 hours.

e) After 4 hours, the total number of atoms in the container will be reduced by 75 %.

False. After 4 hours, as explained in statement (d), 25% of the original atoms will remain, not 75%. So, the total number of atoms will be reduced by 100% - 25% = 75%, not 75%.

Correct statements: a), c), and d).

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It is probably super saturated.

Answer:

Explanation:

Reaction rate measures the speed of chemical reaction and how they proceed with time.

The theories that have been propounded about reactions rates shows that increasing temperature is very important in chemical reactions.

From observation, chemical reaction rates are controlled by:

Increasing temperature temperature releases heat energy to drive reactions into completing faster. Collisions between reacting particles becomes more as a result of increase in energy. This energy when greater than the activation  energy of the reaction would further influence the effectiveness of collisions between reacting particles. This would therefore make reactions proceed faster with more increase in temperature.

Answer:

The basic theme of organization in the periodic table is that elements are divided into groups and periods based on their properties. Elements that exhibit similar properties are placed in the same group while elements that have the similar number of shell are placed in the same period. This arrangement is based basically on the increasing atomic number of the elements in the periodic table. Atomic number is used for the arrangement of the element because it is a fundamental property of all elements.

Answer: Option (a) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

Nuclear fission is defined as a reaction in which a heavy nucleus splits into two or more small nuclei along with emission of energy.

For example, [tex]^{235}_{92}U + ^{1}_{0}n \rightarrow ^{139}_{56}Ba + ^{95}_{36}Kr + 3^{1}_{0}n[/tex]

So, the given diagram shows a large nucleus is splitting into two small nuclei. Therefore, it is a nuclear fission reaction.

Whereas a nuclear reaction in which two small nuclei combine together to result into the formation of a large nucleus is known as a nuclear fusion reaction.

Thus, we can conclude that the reaction depicted in the figure would take place in fission reactor.

An electrical phenomenon is caused by flow of free electrons from one atom to another. The characteristics of current electricity are opposite to those of static electricity. Wires are made up of conductors such as copper or aluminum. ... Current flows from positive to negative and electron flows from negative to positive.

Answer:

The molarity of products is divided by the molarity of reactants.

Explanation: