Theorists within the psychodynamic tradition would agree that:

Public policy is influenced by various groups such as individual citizens, interest groups, legislators, political parties, and media organizations. Each group has a different way of impacting policy, including voting, lobbying, proposing laws, and shaping public perception.

The creation of public policy is influenced by a variety of groups, depending on the specific issue at stake and the political context. These groups include individual citizens, who can influence public policy through voting, contacting their representatives, and participating in protests or other political activism. Interest groups, such as professional associations, labor unions, and advocacy organizations, also play a key role in shaping policy by lobbying lawmakers, funding research, and mobilizing their members.

Legislators and political parties are a central part of the policy-making process, proposing and voting on laws and regulations. In addition, media organizations can influence public policy by shaping the public's perception of various issues, while certain military branches and foreign diplomats could exert some influence depending on the specific situation.

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Answer:

b. They increased chances for survival

Explanation:

The survival of the human species over time came as man managed to create new forms of access to food, such as hunting and agriculture. In the early days, when human livelihoods were based on gathering and hunting, the development of tools enabled man to increase his chances of survival. This is explained because the tools increased hunting productivity and enabled man to hunt at a safer distance from animals. For example with the bow and arrow.

As a strategy to curb drug abuse, drug testing by employers is primarily designed to address safety concerns.

A drug is any chemical substance that, when consumed, causes a change in the physiology or psychology of an organism. Food and substances that provide nutritional support are typically distinguished from drugs.

Drugs can also alter the way the brain and the rest of the body function, resulting in changes in mood, awareness, thoughts, feelings, and behaviour.

Drug use can have unanticipated consequences in the lives of those involved. It can have an impact on one's health, relationships, employment, and education.

Therefore, Employer drug testing is primarily intended to address safety concerns as a strategy to combat drug abuse.

Learn more about  the drug, refer to:

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A good example of a person in her society’s upper-upper class is Elizabeth II whom is known to be the queen of England as she shows outstanding values in which a lot of people have look up to as her ways and behavior has shown a good example to every people.

The difference between behavior theory from other psychological theories is that a behavior theory is considered to be as a major determinant in regards with the behavior of an individual in which they are affected because of the external stimulus or factors that may affect them or the environment surrounding them rather than their own.

Final answer:

Behavior theory focuses on how behavior is shaped by external reinforcements and consequences, rather than on biological factors. It puts less emphasis on the mind and internal mental processes and instead focuses on observable behavior.

Explanation:

Behavior theory differs from other psychological theories in several ways. One major difference is that behavior theory focuses on how behavior is shaped by external reinforcements and consequences, rather than on biological factors. This means that behaviorists believe that personality and behavior are not inborn traits, but are learned through prior experiences and conditioning. Another difference is that behavior theory puts less emphasis on the mind and internal mental processes, and instead focuses on observable behavior. Behaviorists believe that all behaviors, including thoughts and feelings, can be explained in terms of basic physical factors.

The concept of "race" is a social construction based on superficial physical characteristics, rather than a biological fact. This concept has been rejected by social science organizations and is not scientifically valid. Race as a social construction is a powerful tool that has historical and cultural significance.

The concept of "race" is defined by sociologists as a social construction rather than a biological fact. It is a way of categorizing people based on superficial physical characteristics such as skin color, hair texture, and eye shape. The social construction of race suggests that previous racial categories were arbitrarily assigned and used to justify racist practices.

Anthropologists, biologists, and geneticists argue that the concept of race is not scientifically valid. While there are genetic markers for physical characteristics, only a few of these markers align with the racial categories we use. If our social constructions were to change, we would have an entirely different set of races across the globe.

Race as a social construction is a powerful tool of discrimination, subordination, solidarity, and affirmative action. It is a concept that has historical and cultural significance, but it is not biologically determined.

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Final answer:

Mark Malkoff's reduction of fear after living on an airplane for 30 days best illustrates the process of exposure therapy. Exposure therapy is a technique in behavioral therapy that helps individuals overcome fears or anxieties by gradual exposure to the feared object or context without any danger.

Explanation:

Exposure therapy is grounded in the principles of conditioning where the subject is exposed to the fear-inducing stimuli in a controlled manner until the fear responses are extinguished. In Mark Malkoff's case, his constant exposure to the environment of the airplane allowed him to confront his fear directly. Over time, this reduced his anxiety, as his brain learned that the stimulus (plane travel) was not harmful and ceased responding with fear. This technique relies on the psychological concepts of habituation and classical conditioning, where the subject learns to disassociate the stimulus from the fear response. As he lived on the airplane without negative consequences, his fear faded, demonstrating how exposure therapy utilizes the body's own mechanisms to overcome irrational fears.

The advantage of learning approaches in studying personality is their focus on observable and measurable behaviors, allowing for scientific testing and empirical evidence.

The advantage of applying learning approaches to the study of personality is that it focuses on observable and measurable behaviors. Unlike the psychodynamic approaches, which relate personality to inner processes, learning approaches can be scientifically tested because they deal with observable phenomena. By using learning approaches, researchers can gather empirical evidence to support their theories and make objective conclusions about personality.

Answer:

D.Continents cannot cut through the ocean floor

Explanation:

This is for online Apex

The answer is a federal crime. The United States Congress made it official that obstructing the mail or using the mail to commit a criminal act is known as a federal crime. Depriving a person of one’s property or honest services through mail or any wire communication is against the federal law. It has been declared as a federal crime, since 1872.

It's B. Bahrain.

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Answer:The answer B.Bahrain is correct!!!!!!

Explanation: