Elements in the same group have similar valence electron configurations leading to similar chemical properties, while elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells but differing valence electrons causing changes in atomic radius and ionization energy.
Similarities Amongst Elements Within a Group
Elements within a group, also known as a column on the periodic table, share several important similarities. These elements typically have the same number of electrons in their outermost or valence shell, leading to similar chemical properties. For instance, the alkali metals in Group 1 all have one electron in their outermost shell and are very reactive, especially with water. As you move down a group, atomic size and reactivity tend to increase due to the addition of more electron shells.
Similarities Amongst Elements Within a Period
A period is a horizontal row on the periodic table. Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells but differ in the number of electrons within the valence shell. Moving from left to right across a period, the atomic radius usually decreases, and ionization energy increases as electrons are added to the same shell and protons to the nucleus, creating a stronger pull on the electrons.
The organization of the periodic table facilitates the understanding of these trends, with elements sorted by increasing atomic number and structured in periods and groups to reflect periodic trends such as atomic size, reactivity, and ionization energy. This organization reflects the periodic recurrence of elements with similar properties and allows chemists to predict chemical behaviors based on position within the table.
Alcohol and water have different boiling points. Which method would you use to separate them
Answer:
Distillation.
Explanation:
Distillation is the separation technique which can be used for separation of any two liquids of different boiling points.
The boiling point of water is near 100 degree celsius while that of alcohol is less than it.
So if we separate them with distillation, then alcohol will separate out first.
If two liquids have close boiling points then we can use fractional distillation.
What phrase from the Preamble justifies a law like the Affordable Care Act?
What is the pressure of a gas at stp
Final answer:
The pressure of a gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP) is typically stated as 1 atm (101.325 kPa), although the IUPAC defines it as 100 kPa. STP is used to consistently compare properties of gases and the standard molar volume of an ideal gas at these conditions is about 22.4 L.
Explanation:
The pressure of a gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP) is defined as 1 atmosphere (atm). However, it's important to note that there are different definitions of STP. The most commonly used definition for STP is a temperature of 0°C (273.15 K) and a pressure of 1 atm (101.325 kPa).
But, according to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), STP is defined as a temperature of 0°C (273.15 K) and a pressure of 100 kPa (0.986 atm).
For simplicity and to stay consistent with older conventions, 1 atm is often still used as the standard pressure when discussing STP in many contexts.
STP conditions for comparisons include the pressure of 1 atm and temperature of 0°C (273.15 K).Scientists use STP as a reference to compare gas properties.The molar volume of an ideal gas at STP is approximately 22.4 liters.A laboratory instructor gives a sample of amino acid powder to each of four students, i, ii, iii, and iv, and they weigh the samples. the true value is 8.72 g. their results for three trials are student i: 8.72g, 8.74g, 8.70g student ii: 8.56g, 8.77g, 8.83g student iii: 8.50g, 8.48g, 8.51g student iv: 8.41g, 8.72g 8.55g which set of data is both most accurate and most precise?
Answer:
student 4 for jlabs
Explanation:
A(n) _______ is a substance of two or more atoms held together with chemical bonds.
A 4.236 g sample of a hydrocarbon is combusted to give 3.810 g of h2o and 13.96 g of co2. what is the empirical formula of the compound?
Chemistry is the science of materials, their composition and structure and the changes they undergo, we study chemistry because
Answer:
To get a better understanding of all materials we come on contact with and how they affect and help us !
Explanation:
In the periodic table, the elements are organized into groups based on
Bacillus megaterium is a mesophile that forms endospores. considering endospores are resistant to high heat, at what temperature will bacillus megaterium survive for experiment 17a if endospores are present?
Answer:
B
Explanation:
How do the number of electrons in an atom's highest energy level affect its reactivity?
an atom of calcium loses two electrons. What is the charge on an ion of calcium?
a. +3
b. 0
c. -2
d. +2
The electrical charge of the calcium ion is +2.
If an atom of calcium loses two electrons, the charge that will be occupied on an ion of calcium is +2. Thus, the correct option for this question is D.
What are Electrons?Electrons may be defined as the type of sub-atomic particles that are consistently revolving around the nucleus of an atom. These sub-atomic particles are negatively charged in nature. The discovery of electrons is known to be done by J.J. Thomson.
It is the phenomenon that when an atom loses its electrons, it will definitely occupy the positive charge on its atom.
While when an atom gains electrons from another atom, it will occupy the negative charge on its atom.
In the above example, an atom of calcium loses two electrons, so it will occupy the charge of +2 on its atom.
Therefore, if an atom of calcium loses two electrons, the charge that will be occupied on an ion of calcium is +2. Thus, the correct option for this question is D.
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How do u convert 0.171 tsp into drops
What is most plastic made of? (more than one)
inorganic compounds
organic compounds
petroleum or coal materials
carbon containing compounds
synthetic materials
Answer:
Plastics are synthetic organic compounds
Explanation:
In 1912, chemist Fritz Haber developed a process that combined nitrogen from the air with hydrogen at high temperatures and pressures to make ammonia. Specifically, the process involved combining one molecule of nitrogen gas (N2) with three molecules of hydrogen gas (H2) to get two molecules of ammonia (NH3). If you write this process in a symbol format, it looks like this:
N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3
Explain whether this is a chemical or physical change, and why. Does it involve elements, compounds, mixtures, or pure substances? Also describe how many atoms are involved before and after. What do you notice about the number of atoms?
Answer:
Chemical change
Compounds
Number of atoms of hydrogen on both side=6
Number of atoms of nitrogen on both sides=2
Number of atoms of nitrogen and hydrogen on both sides are equal.
Explanation:
We are given that a reaction
[tex]N_2+3H_2\rightarrow 2NH_3[/tex]
It is chemical change because there is chemical reaction occurring .In physical change, no chemical reaction takes place.
It involved compound because compound consist of two or more than two atoms of same or different elements . In compound , the atoms are bonded together by chemical bond.
Nitrogen is a compound because two nitrogen atoms are bonded together to form a molecule of nitrogen.Similarly , in hydrogen molecules, two hydrogen atom are bonded together to form one hydrogen molecule.
In ammonia, 3 hydrogen and 1 nitrogen atom are bonded together to form ammonia.
On LHS
Number of atoms of hydrogen=6
Number of nitrogen atoms=2
On RHS
Number of atoms of Hydrogen=6
Number of nitrogen atoms=2
Number of atoms of every element in reactants equals to number of atoms of every element in product.
Write the ions present in solution of k2co3. express your answers as chemical formulas separated by a comma. identify all of the phases in your answers.
Answer : The ions present in the solution of [tex]K_2CO_3[/tex] are [tex]K^+[/tex] and [tex]CO^{2-}_3[/tex] in aqueous state.
Explanation :
When [tex]K_2CO_3[/tex] is in aqueous solution then they dissociates into their ions.
The reaction in aqueous medium is,
[tex]K_2CO_3(aq)\rightarrow 2K^+(aq)+CO^{2-}_3(aq)[/tex]
The charge on potassium ion is +1 and on carbonate ion is -2. To neutralize the charge on carbonate ion, two potassium ion must be used.
Therefore, the ions present in solution of [tex]K_2CO_3[/tex] are [tex]K^+[/tex] and [tex]CO^{2-}_3[tex] in aqueous state.
[tex]\boxed{{{\text{K}}^ + },\;{\text{CO}}_3^{2 - }}[/tex] are the ions present in the solution of [tex]{{\text{K}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}[/tex] . Both ions are in the aqueous phase.
Further Explanation:
Chemical bond:
The attraction between atoms, molecules or ions which results in the formation of chemical compounds is known as a chemical bond. It is formed either due to electrostatic forces or by the sharing of electrons. There are many strong bonds such as ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds while some weak bonds like dipole-dipole interactions, London dispersion forces, and hydrogen bonding.
Ionic compound:
Ionic compounds are the compounds that are formed from the ions of the respective species. Ions are the species that are formed either due to loss or gain of electrons. A neutral atom forms cation by the loss of electrons and anion by the gain of electrons.
Following are some of the properties of ionic compounds:
1. These are hard solids.
2. High melting and boiling points.
3. Good conductors of heat and electricity.
4. High enthalpy of fusion.
For example, [tex]{\text{MgC}}{{\text{l}}_2}[/tex] is an ionic compound formed from one [tex]{\text{M}}{{\text{g}}^{2 + }}[/tex] and two [tex]{\text{C}}{{\text{l}}^ - }[/tex] ions. Its dissociation occurs as follows:
[tex]{\text{MgC}}{{\text{l}}_2}\rightleftharpoons {\text{M}}{{\text{g}}^{2+}}+{\text{2C}}{{\text{l}}^ - }[/tex]
[tex]{{\mathbf{K}}_{\mathbf{2}}}{\mathbf{C}}{{\mathbf{O}}_{\mathbf{3}}}[/tex] is an ionic compound that consists of two [tex]{{\mathbf{K}}^{\mathbf{ + }}}[/tex] ions and one [tex]{\mathbf{CO}}_{\mathbf{3}}^{{\mathbf{2 - }}}[/tex] ion. Therefore it dissociates to form two [tex]{{\text{K}}^ + }[/tex] ions and one [tex]{\text{CO}}_3^{2 - }[/tex] ion. The reaction for dissociation of [tex]{{\mathbf{K}}_{\mathbf{2}}}{\mathbf{C}}{{\mathbf{O}}_{\mathbf{3}}}[/tex] is,
[tex]{{\text{K}}_2}{\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_3}\left({aq}\right)\to2{{\text{K}}^ + }\left( {aq} \right)+{\text{CO}}_3^{2 - }\left({aq}\right)[/tex]
So the ions present in [tex]{{\text{K}}_2}{\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_3}[/tex] solution are two [tex]{{\text{K}}^ + }[/tex] and one [tex]{\text{CO}}_3^{2 - }[/tex] ions. Both the ions are present in the aqueous phase.
Learn more:
1. Identification of ionic bonding: https://brainly.com/question/1603987
2. Oxidation and reduction reaction: https://brainly.com/question/2973661
Answer details:
Grade: High School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Ionic and covalent compounds
Keywords: K2CO3, K+, CO32-, ionic compound, ions, one, two, dissociation, reaction, ions, cation, anion, electrons, chemical bond, attraction, properties, aqueous phase.
The compound ammonium sulfide is a strong electrolyte. write the reaction when ammonium sulfide is put into water:
Final answer:
When ammonium sulfide ((NH4)2S) dissolves in water, it dissociates fully into two ammonium ions (NH4+) and one sulfide ion (S2-), showcasing its behavior as a strong electrolyte.
Explanation:
The question relates to ammonium sulfide, a strong electrolyte, dissolving in water. When ammonium sulfide ((NH4)2S) is put into water, it dissociates into its ions because it is a strong electrolyte. Hence, the reaction is as follows:
(NH4)2S(s) + H2O(l) → 2NH4+(aq) + S2-(aq)
This reaction clearly shows ammonium ions (NH4+) and sulfide ions (S2-) being released into the solution. Two ammonium ions are needed to balance the charge on a single sulfide ion, reflecting the original stoichiometry of ammonium sulfide.
Which statement applies to electronegativity?
A.) Electronegativity increases across a period.
B.) All atoms with the same number of electron shells have equal
electronegativities.
C.) Electronegativity is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from
a gaseous atom.
D.) Electronegativity increases down a group.
Answer: The correct answer is Option A.
Explanation:
Electronegativity is defined as the tendency of an atom to attract the shared pair of electrons towards itself whenever a bond is formed.
This property increases as we move from left to right across a period because the number of charge on the nucleus gets increased and electrons are attracted more towards the nucleus.
This property decreases as we move from top to bottom in a group because the electrons get add up in the new shells which make them further away from the nucleus.
Thus, the correct answer is Option A.
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons are classified as
What are the standard conditions under which reduction potentials are measured? 1°C and 1 M reactants 25°C and 1 M reactants 25°C and 2.5 M reactants 1°C and 25 M reactants
Answer:
25°C and 1 M reactants
Explanation:
The standard conditions to measure the reduction potential as standard electrode potential is 298.15 K temperature (25°C) and 1 mol / L concentration of each reactant.
The pressure should be 1 atm for gaseous reactants (like in case of Standard hydrogen electrode where pressure of hydrogen gas is taken to be 1 atm).
Match the following bones with their locations on the body.
carpals
clavicle
cranium
femur
fibula
humerus
ilium
metacarpals
metatarsals
patella
choices are
arm
head
leg
chest
hand
foot
hip
If a small amount of the unknown solute fails to dissolve in the lauric acid, will the molar mass that you calculate for unknown solute be too high or too low?
If 83.0 ml of 0.150 m hcl(aq) is needed to neutralize all the nh3(g) from a 2.25-g sample of organic material, calculate the mass percentage of nitrogen in the sample.
The laws of electrostatics predict that protons will
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Students observed that their teacher's desk plant looked wilted on Monday morning compared to how it looked at the end of the day on Friday. Some students hypothesized that a warmer room temperature over the weekend caused the plant to wilt. Other students hypothesized that the lack of light caused the plant to wilt. Both hypotheses are valuable because they
A.) are reasonable and testable ---- (My answer)
B.) compare independent variables
C.) compare light and temperature
D.) are the only possible explanations.
Answer: A.) are reasonable and testable
A hypothesis can be defined as the supposition or assumption of scientific process that is based on limited scientific evidences and used as a starting point for further investigation. The hypothesis needs to be proved by following relevant scientific methodology.
In the given situation, both the hypothesis are correct because both warm temperature and sunlight are genuinely responsible for wilting of plant in nature. The effect of both sunlight and warm temperature can be tested separately on plant. This proves that the hypothesis are reasonable and testable.
Which term best describes an animal that eats dead and decaying meat? A. predator B. producer C. decomposer D. scavenger
The existence of discrete (quantized) energy levels in an atom may be inferred from
Final answer:
The existence of discrete energy levels in an atom can be inferred from the characteristic emission and absorption spectra unique to each element, which result from the quantized energy levels of electrons.
Explanation:
The existence of discrete (quantized) energy levels in an atom may be inferred from the emission and absorption spectra that have been known for over a century to be discrete or quantized. These spectra are unique to each element and are due to the quantized energy levels of electrons in atoms. When an electron jumps from one energy level to another, it must absorb or emit a photon with energy equal to the difference between these two energy levels; this creates specific lines in an atom's spectra. This phenomenon confirmed the idea that electrons occupy discrete orbits around the nucleus, a concept that is foundational for quantum mechanics and was part of what led to Bohr's Nobel Prize-winning work.
What is the density of a substance with a mass of 45.00 g and a volume of 26.5ml?
Final answer:
The density of the substance is 1.70 g/mL.
Explanation:
The density of a substance can be calculated using the formula:
Density = Mass/Volume
In this case, the mass is given as 45.00 g and the volume is given as 26.5 mL. We can use these values to calculate the density:
Density = 45.00 g / 26.5 mL
Density = 1.70 g/mL
Therefore, the density of the substance is 1.70 g/mL.
Which element is placed in the same period as ruthenium but has a higher atomic number than it
Answer:
The answer is Silver.
Explanation:
The complete question is:
"Which element is placed in the same period as ruthenium but has a higher atomic number than it? bismuth osmium silver zirconium"
In the periodic table the elements are arranged so that those with similar chemical properties are located close to each other.
The horizontal rows of the periodic table are called periods. The elements that make up the same row have different properties but similar masses: all the elements of a period have the same number of orbitals. In other words, the period that an element occupies coincides with its last electronic layer. In other words, an element with five electronic layers will be in the fifth period.
The atomic number is represented by the letter Z and is the number of protons that have their atoms in the nucleus. The atomic number of silver [47] is higher than that of ruthenium [44] because silver has higher number of protons more than ruthenium. Ruthenium and silver are in the same period and they have the same number of atomic orbital but have different atomic numbers.
So the answer is Silver.
In the modern quantum mechanical theory of the atom, electron movement is thought to be a
A. Particle moving around a positively charged nucleus
B. "Cloud" of negative charge in the centre
C. Negatively charged particle at a certain energy level
D. "Cloud" of negative charge occupying the space at a certain energy level.
In the modern quantum mechanical theory of the atom, electron movement is thought to be a
"Cloud" of negative charge occupying the space at a certain energy level.So, option D is correct one.
What is modern quantum mechanical theory of the atom?The modern quantum mechanical theory of the atom is also known as quantum mechanical or mechanical model.This model states that there an electron in an atom with certain states or energies.This theory uses complex shapes of orbitals called electron clouds .learn about quantum mechanics,
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If you were to place the beaker containing the products of the reaction between copper ii chloride and aluminum on a balance, how would the mass of these products compare to the mass of the initial reactants. explain your answer.