What do Lewis structures show?

Question 7 options:

only electrons that are unavailable for bonding

all but the valence electrons

only valence electrons

all electrons

Answer: The symbol for the given element is S.

Explanation:-

Sulphur is an element with atomic number 16 and thus contain 16 electrons. It is a p block element as the last electron enters the p orbital. The nearest noble gas is Neon with 10 electrons.

The electrons are filled according to Afbau's rule in order of increasing energies and thus the electronic configuration is:  

[tex]S:16:1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^4[/tex]

The electronic configuration of sulphur in terms of noble gas is :

[tex]S:16:[Ne]3s^23p^4[/tex]

The element with the given electron configuration of 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁴ is sulfur. The symbol for sulfur on the periodic table is S.

The numbers and letters in this notation have specific meanings. The numbers (1, 2, 3) represent the principal energy levels or shells, while the letters (s, p) represent the subshells or orbitals within those energy levels.

In the given element,

1s² means there are two electrons in the 1s orbital.

2s² indicates that there are two electrons in the 2s orbital.

2p⁶ signifies that there are six electrons in the 2p orbitals.

3s²  shows that there are two electrons in the 3s orbital.

3p⁴ indicates that there are four electrons in the 3p orbitals.

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The answer is A

1.63 × 10-3 g

Hydrophobic substances, which are 'water-fearing,' repel and don't mix with water, while hydrophilic substances are 'water-loving,' attracted to, and dissolve in water due to their polar or charged nature.

The terms hydrophobic and hydrophilic refer to the affinity, or lack thereof, that a molecule has towards water. A hydrophobic substance is one that is 'water-fearing,' meaning it repels water and does not dissolve or get wetted by it. This is often due to a lack of polar or charged groups that can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. Common hydrophobic substances include nonpolar hydrocarbons and lipids such as fats and cholesterol.

In contrast, a hydrophilic substance is 'water-loving' and is attracted to water. Such substances can dissolve in or be wetted by water due to the presence of polar or charged groups that interact favorably with water. A hydrophile is a molecule like sugar or salt that is readily dissolved by water.

The number of electrons in the given neutral atom is equal to 30.

What is a neutral atom?

A neutral atom is one in which the number of the positive charge is equal to the number of the negative charge. Therefore, the overall charge on the atom is zero. Therefore, that type of atom is called a neutral atom.

For a neutral atom, we generally say that the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons. All chemical elements arranged in the periodic table are neutral.

Given, the number of protons is equal to 30 and the number of neutrons is equal to 34. As the given atom is a neutral atom,

So, the number of electrons = Number of protons.

The number of electrons for the neutral atom = 30.

Therefore, the number of electrons in the atom is 30.

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Sulfur is the element that has the same number of valence electrons as oxygen, as both belong to Group 6A of the periodic table.

The element that has the same number of valence electrons as oxygen is sulfur (c). Oxygen is in Group 6A on the periodic table, which means it has six valence electrons. Sulfur, which is also in Group 6A, has the same number of valence electrons as oxygen. The completion of the valence shell is of great importance because it determines the bonding behavior and reactivity of an element. This is a part of the periodic table's systematic organization, where elements in the same group have identical valence electron configurations and exhibit similar chemical properties.

A foaming antacid tablet fizzing in water is a chemical change because it involves a chemical reaction that produces new substances, namely carbon dioxide gas.

A foaming antacid tablet fizzing in water is considered a chemical change because it involves a chemical reaction that produces new substances. When the tablet comes in contact with water, it reacts with the water to release carbon dioxide gas. This reaction is known as an acid-base reaction, in which the active ingredient in the antacid tablet reacts with the water, producing carbon dioxide gas bubbles.

This chemical reaction can be represented by the following equation:

Active ingredient + Water → Carbon dioxide gas + Other products

The formation of new substances, in this case, the production of carbon dioxide gas, is a characteristic of a chemical change.

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The connection between energy quanta and energy levels is that electrons in atoms can only occupy specific, discrete energy levels and absorb or emit energy in small, distinct packets called quanta when transitioning between these levels.

This concept of energy quantization is fundamental in understanding atomic structure and emission spectra.

This concept is pivotal in understanding line spectra emissions in elements, a principle that laid the groundwork for the quantum mechanical model of the atom.

Answer: Option (C) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

Bromine is a group 7A element with atomic number 35. Whereas magnesium is a group 2A element with atomic number 12.

This means that a neutral atom of bromine has more number of electrons as compared to a neutral atom of magnesium. Hence, size of a bromine atom will definitely be larger than the size of a magnesium atom.

Thus, we can conclude that we know that a neutral atom of bromine (Br) is larger than a neutral atom of magnesium (Mg) because atoms with many electrons are always larger than atoms with fewer electrons, a neutral atom of bromine has 35 electrons while neutral atom of magnesium has only 12.

The word antibiotic means against the bio or something living. Viruses are not considered to be living things unless they have a host. Hence, antibiotics are ineffective against viruses.

The word "antibiotic" comes from the Greek words "anti" (against) and "bios" (life), meaning "against life." Antibiotics are medications that are designed to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria, which are living organisms.

They work by targeting specific structures or processes in bacterial cells that are different from those in human cells, so they are relatively safe for human use.

Viruses, on the other hand, are not living organisms but rather particles of genetic material (DNA or RNA) wrapped in a protein coat. They cannot carry out metabolic functions on their own and rely on host cells to replicate and spread.

Since viruses do not have the same structures and processes as bacteria, antibiotics are not effective against them. In fact, using antibiotics to treat viral infections can be harmful because it can lead to antibiotic resistance, which is a growing public health concern.

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Final answer:

To make an 8% brine solution, 8 liters of a 4% brine solution must be added to 16 liters of a 10% brine solution.

Explanation:

To determine how many liters of a 4% brine solution must be added to 16 liters of a 10% brine solution to dilute it to an 8% solution, we can set up an equation based on the concept of concentration. Let x be the volume of the 4% solution we need to add. We know that the amount of salt in the combined solution should be equal to the sum of the salt in each solution.

The equation representing this scenario is:

(10% × 16 liters) + (4% × x liters) = 8% × (16 liters + x liters)

Converting percentages to decimals and multiplying through gives:

(0.10 × 16) + (0.04 × x) = 0.08 × (16 + x)

Expanding and grouping like terms:

1.6 + 0.04x = 1.28 + 0.08x

Subtract 0.04x from both sides and subtract 1.28 from both sides:

0.04x - 0.04x = 1.6 - 1.28

This simplifies to:

0x = 0.32

Since 0x equals zero, our equation simplifies down to 0 = 0.32, which indicates a mathematical error in our setup. Realizing this, we reassess our equation after subtracting 0.04x from both sides:

1.6 = 1.28 + 0.04x

Now we subtract 1.28 from both sides to solve for x:

0.32 = 0.04x

Divide both sides by 0.04:

x = 8 liters

Therefore, 8 liters of 4% brine solution must be added to 16 liters of 10% brine solution to achieve an 8% solution.

Using an insufficient amount of a substance in an experiment can lead to incorrect calculation of its molar mass, as the measurement is dependent on the amount of the substance used. This is evident in experiments involving volatile liquids, where insufficient amounts could result in fewer gas molecules. This inaccuracy also affects percent composition and the calculation of molecular and empirical formulas.

If an insufficient amount of liquid unknown had been used in an experiment, it would have effected the experimental molar mass as molar mass is calculated based on the mass of the substance used. Reducing the amount of the substance used can lead to inaccurate measurements, potentially giving the compound a higher or lower molar mass than it actually has.

For example, if we were measuring a volatile liquid, the molar mass would be determined by heating the liquid in a flask with a tiny hole at the top, thereby converting the liquid into gas. In this case, the molar mass is calculated based on measurements of the mass, pressure, volume, and temperature of the sample. If the amount of liquid used was less than required, it could result in fewer gas molecules being formed, thereby affecting the molar mass calculated.

Furthermore, when looking at percent composition which is derived from the atomic or molar masses of the compound's elements, an insufficient amount of the liquid would also alter these figures, again leading to inconsistencies and inaccuracies in the calculation of the molecular and empirical formulas as well as the molar mass.

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Answer: Glaciers

Explanation:

Answer: The amount of zinc for a given amount are 0.0082 moles.

Explanation:

To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation:

[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex]

We are given:

Given mass of zinc = 0.535 g

Molar mass of zinc = 65.4 g/mol

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]\text{Moles of zinc}=\frac{0.535g}{65.4g/mol}=0.0082mol[/tex]

Hence, the amount of zinc for a given amount are 0.0082 moles

Astrology is the science of studying the stars.

True

False

Trueeeee

To assist someone with a deep, open chest wound, ensure safety first and call for emergency help. Apply pressure to stop bleeding, cover the wound with a dressing, and seal on three sides if a pneumothorax is suspected. Monitor vital signs until help arrives.

If you need to help a hunting companion with a deep, open chest wound, the first thing to do is ensure your own safety by wearing gloves to avoid any potential transmission of blood-borne pathogens. Next, you should call for emergency medical help immediately. While waiting for help to arrive, the priority is to address any severe bleeding. If there's active bleeding, you apply direct pressure to the wound using a clean cloth or dressing. Do not attempt to clean the wound or push any protruding organs back in. Instead, you may cover the wound with a clean cloth or sterile dressing and seal it on three sides to create a flutter valve if you suspect a pneumothorax. This allows air to escape from the chest cavity without letting more air in. Keep the person calm and still, and monitor their breathing and pulse until medical professionals take over. Remember that in the case of a suspected pneumothorax, it's crucial not to completely seal the wound, as this could lead to a tension pneumothorax.

Answer: Hydroxide ion

Explanation: The question is to balance half -reactions in basic solutions(medium) and not to neutralize the basic solutions.

In acidic medium, half-reactions are balanced by adding [tex]H^+[/tex] and [tex]H_2O[/tex] where as the half-reactions in basic medium are balanced by adding [tex]OH^-[/tex] and [tex]H_2O[/tex] .

As the question asks about balancing  half-reactions in basic solutions, the right choice is hydroxide ion.

Chlorine, Iron or nitrogen are not used for balancing half reactions.

Answer:

[tex]0.00826\ molar.[/tex]

Explanation:

The balanced reaction is:

[tex]2AgNO_3+MgCl_2-->2AgCl+Mg(NO_3)_2[/tex]

We know, number of moles = [tex]\dfrac{Given\ mass}{Molar\ mass}.[/tex]

Therefore, moles of AgCl formed=[tex]\dfrac{0.1183}{143}=0.000827\ moles.[/tex]        ( Molar mass of AgCl is 143 gm)

From the balanced equation 1 mol of [tex]MgCl_2[/tex] forms 2 mol of AgCl.

Therefore, 0.000827 mol of AgCl was formed by

[tex]\dfrac{0.000827}{2}=0.0004135\ mol[/tex]

Now concentration of [tex]MgCl_2=\dfrac{moles\ of\ MgCl_2}{Volume\ in\ Liters}=\dfrac{0.000413}{0.050}\ molar=0.00826\ molar.[/tex]

Hence, this is the required solution.

The concentration of magnesium ions in the original MgCl₂ solution is 8.25 x 10⁻³ M, determined by using stoichiometry and principles of gravimetric analysis.

We first calculated the moles of AgCl formed and connected it back to MgCl₂. The final concentration is found by dividing the moles by the total volume.

To determine the concentration of magnesium ions (Mg²⁺) in the original MgCl₂ solution, we use stoichiometry and principles of gravimetric analysis. First, we need to find the moles of AgCl precipitated:

Mass of AgCl = 0.1183 g
Molar Mass of AgCl = 143.32 g/mol
Moles of AgCl = 0.1183 g / 143.32 g/mol = 8.25 x 10⁻⁴ mol

Since the reaction between AgNO₃ and MgCl₂ is:

2 AgNO₃ + MgCl₂ → 2 AgCl + Mg(NO₃)₂

The moles of AgCl equals the moles of Cl⁻, which also equals the moles of MgCl₂.

Initial combined volume = 50.0 mL + 50.0 mL = 100.0 mL

So, the concentration of Mg²⁺ is:

[Mg²⁺] = (moles of MgCl₂) / (total volume in L)
= (8.25 x 10⁻⁴ mol) / (0.100 L)
= 8.25 x 10⁻³ M

Thus, the concentration of magnesium ions in the original MgCl₂ solution is 8.25 x 10⁻³ M.

Answer: 19kJ of energy must be released

Explanation:

The noble gas notation for chlorine (Cl) is [Ne]3s²3p⁵ and for yttrium (Y) is [Kr]5s²4d¹. This notation represents the core electrons with the symbol of the nearest preceding noble gas and the valence electron configuration thereafter.

To find the electron configuration of an element in noble-gas notation, you locate the nearest noble gas that comes before the element in the periodic table. You use the noble gas to represent the core electrons and then add the remaining valence electron configuration.

For chlorine (Cl), which has 17 electrons, the nearest noble gas is neon (Ne), which has 10 electrons. Therefore, the noble-gas notation for chlorine is [Ne]3s²3p⁵.

For yttrium (Y), with 39 electrons, the nearest noble gas is krypton (Kr), which has 36 electrons. The remaining 3 electrons go into the 5s and 4d orbitals. Therefore, the noble-gas notation for yttrium is [Kr]5s²4d¹.